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Java programming tutorial index.
The Java Assignment Operators are used when you want to assign a value to the expression. The assignment operator denoted by the single equal sign = .
In a Java assignment statement, any expression can be on the right side and the left side must be a variable name. For example, this does not mean that "a" is equal to "b", instead, it means assigning the value of 'b' to 'a'. It is as follows:
Java also has the facility of chain assignment operators, where we can specify a single value for multiple variables.
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Symbols used for mathematical and logical manipulation that are recognized by the compiler are commonly known as operators in Java. In the third of five lessons on operators we look at the assignment operators available in Java.
The single equal sign = is used for assignment in Java and we have been using this throughout the lessons so far. This operator is fairly self explanatory and takes the form variable = expression; . A point to note here is that the type of variable must be compatible with the type of expression .
The shorthand assignment operators allow us to write compact code that is implemented more efficiently.
Operator | Meaning | Example | Result | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
+= | Addition | 10 | ||
-= | Subtraction | 0 | ||
/= | Division | 3 | When used with an type, any remainder will be truncated. | |
*= | Multiplication | 25 | ||
%= | Modulus | 1 | Holds the remainder value of a division. | |
&= | AND | | Will check both operands for values and assign or to the first operand dependant upon the outcome of the expression. | |
|= | OR | | Will check both operands for values and assign or to the first operand dependant upon the outcome of the expression. | |
^= | XOR | | Will check both operands for different values and assign or to the first operand dependant upon the outcome of the expression. |
The following table shows which types can be assigned to which other types, of course we can assign to the same type so these boxes are greyed out.
When using the table use a row for the left assignment and a column for the right assignment. So in the highlighted permutations byte = int won't convert and int = byte will convert.
Type | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | ||
NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | ||
NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | ||
NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | NO | NO | ||
NO | YES | YES | YES | NO | NO | NO | ||
NO | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NO | ||
NO | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | ||
NO | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
The above table isn't the end of the story though as Java allows us to cast incompatible types. A cast instructs the compiler to convert one type to another enforcing an explicit type conversion.
A cast takes the form target = (target-type) expression .
There are a couple of things to consider when casting incompatible types:
Lets look at some code to see how casting works and the affect it has on values:
Running the Casting class produces the following output:
The first thing to note is we got a clean compile because of the casts, all the type conversions would fail otherwise. You might be suprised by some of the results shown in the screenshot above, for instance some of the values have become negative. Because we are truncating everything to a byte we are losing not only any fractional components and bits outside the range of a byte , but in some cases the signed bit as well. Casting can be very useful but just be aware of the implications to values when you enforce explicit type conversion.
Fundamentals Quiz 8 - Assignment Operators Quiz
In this lesson we looked at the assignment operators used in Java.
In the next lesson we look at the bitwise logical operators used in Java.
Code structure & syntax, java variables, primitives - boolean & char data types, primitives - numeric data types, method scope, arithmetic operators, relational & logical operators, assignment operators, assignment operators overview, automatic type conversion, casting incompatible types, bitwise logical operators, bitwise shift operators, if construct, switch construct, for construct, while construct.
Java 8 Tutorials
Java provides many types of operators to perform a variety of calculations and functions, such as logical , arithmetic , relational , and others. With so many operators to choose from, it helps to group them based on the type of functionality they provide. This programming tutorial will focus on Java’s numerous a ssignment operators.
Before we begin, however, you may want to bookmark our other tutorials on Java operators, which include:
As the name conveys, assignment operators are used to assign values to a variable using the following syntax:
The left side operand of the assignment operator must be a variable, whereas the right side operand of the assignment operator may be a literal value or another variable. Moreover, the value or variable on the right side must be of the same data type of the operand on the left side. Otherwise, the compiler will raise an error. Assignment operators have a right to left associativity in that the value given on the right-hand side of the operator is assigned to the variable on the left. Therefore, the right-hand side variable must be declared before assignment.
You can learn more about variables in our programming tutorial: Working with Java Variables .
Java assignment operators are classified into two types: simple and compound .
The Simple assignment operator is the equals ( = ) sign, which is the most straightforward of the bunch. It simply assigns the value or variable on the right to the variable on the left.
Compound operators are comprised of both an arithmetic, bitwise, or shift operator in addition to the equals ( = ) sign.
First, let’s learn to use the one-and-only simple assignment operator – the Equals ( = ) operator – with the help of a Java program. It includes two assignments: a literal value to num1 and the num1 variable to num2 , after which both are printed to the console to show that the values have been assigned to the numbers:
A compound of the + and = operators, the += adds the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right before assigning the result to the operand on the left. Here is some sample code to demonstrate how to use the += operator in Java:
Made up of the – and = operators, the -= first subtracts the variable’s value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left before assigning the result to the operand on the left. We can see it at work below in the following code example showing how to decrement in Java using the -= operator:
This Java operator is comprised of the * and = operators. It operates by multiplying the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. Here’s a program that shows the *= operator in action:
A combination of the / and = operators, the /= Operator divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigns the quotient to the operand on the left. Here is some example code showing how to use the /= operator in Java:
The %= operator includes both the % and = operators. As seen in the program below, it divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigns the remainder to the operand on the left:
The Bitwise and Shift Operators that we just recently covered can also be utilized in compound form as seen in the list below:
The following program demonstrates the working of all the Compound Bitwise and Shift Operators :
This programming tutorial presented an overview of Java’s simple and compound assignment Operators. An essential building block to any programming language, developers would be unable to store any data in their programs without them. Though not quite as indispensable as the equals operator, compound operators are great time savers, allowing you to perform arithmetic and bitwise operations and assignment in a single line of code.
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Assignment can be of various types. Let’s discuss each in detail.
Primitive Assignment:
The equal (=) sign is used for assigning a value to a variable. We can assign a primitive variable using a literal or the result of an expression.
Primitive Casting
Casting lets you convert primitive values from one type to another. We need to provide casting when we are trying to assign higher precision primitive to lower precision primitive for example If we try to assign int variable (which is in the range of byte variable) to byte variable then the compiler will throw an exception called "possible loss of precision". Eclipse IDE will suggest the solution as well as shown below. To avoid such problem we should use type casting which will instruct compiler for type conversion.
For cases where we try to assign smaller container variable to larger container variables we do not need of explicit casting. The compiler will take care of those type conversions. For example, we can assign byte variable or short variable to an int without any explicit casting.
Assigning Literal that is too large for a variable
When we try to assign a variable value which is too large (or out of range ) for a primitive variable then the compiler will throw exception “possible loss of precision” if we try to provide explicit cast then the compiler will accept it but narrowed down the value using two’s complement method. Let’s take an example of the byte which has 8-bit storage space and range -128 to 127. In below program we are trying to assign 129 literal value to byte primitive type which is out of range for byte so compiler converted it to -127 using two’s complement method. Refer link for two’s complement calculation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two's_complement)
Java Code: Go to the editor
Reference variable assignment
We can assign newly created object to object reference variable as below
First line will do following things,
You can also assign null to an object reference variable, which simply means the variable is not referring to any object. The below statement creates space for the Employee reference variable (the bit holder for a reference value) but doesn't create an actual Employee object.
Compound Assignment Operators
Sometime we need to modify the same variable value and reassigned it to a same reference variable. Java allows you to combine assignment and addition operators using a shorthand operator. For example, the preceding statement can be written as:
The += is called the addition assignment operator. Other shorthand operators are shown below table
Operator | Name | Example | Equivalent |
---|---|---|---|
+= | Addition assignment | i+=5; | i=i+5 |
-= | Subtraction assignment | j-=10; | j=j-10; |
*= | Multiplication assignment | k*=2; | k=k*2; |
/= | Division assignment | x/=10; | x=x/10; |
%= | Remainder assignment | a%=4; | a=a%4; |
Below is the sample program explaining assignment operators:
Java Code Editor:
Previous: Wrapper classes Next: Arithmetic Operator
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An assignment statement designates a value for a variable. An assignment statement can be used as an expression in Java.
After a variable is declared, you can assign a value to it by using an assignment statement . In Java, the equal sign = is used as the assignment operator . The syntax for assignment statements is as follows:
An expression represents a computation involving values, variables, and operators that, when taking them together, evaluates to a value. For example, consider the following code:
You can use a variable in an expression. A variable can also be used on both sides of the = operator. For example:
In the above assignment statement, the result of x + 1 is assigned to the variable x . Let’s say that x is 1 before the statement is executed, and so becomes 2 after the statement execution.
To assign a value to a variable, you must place the variable name to the left of the assignment operator. Thus the following statement is wrong:
Note that the math equation x = 2 * x + 1 ≠ the Java expression x = 2 * x + 1
Which is equivalent to:
And this statement
is equivalent to:
Note: The data type of a variable on the left must be compatible with the data type of a value on the right. For example, int x = 1.0 would be illegal, because the data type of x is int (integer) and does not accept the double value 1.0 without Type Casting .
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Java Ternary Operator
Java instanceof Operator
Java Operator Precedence
Java Bitwise and Shift Operators
Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. For example, + is an operator used for addition, while * is also an operator used for multiplication.
Operators in Java can be classified into 5 types:
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data. For example,
Here, the + operator is used to add two variables a and b . Similarly, there are various other arithmetic operators in Java.
Operator | Operation |
Addition | |
Subtraction | |
Multiplication | |
Division | |
Modulo Operation (Remainder after division) |
In the above example, we have used + , - , and * operators to compute addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations.
/ Division Operator
Note the operation, a / b in our program. The / operator is the division operator.
If we use the division operator with two integers, then the resulting quotient will also be an integer. And, if one of the operands is a floating-point number, we will get the result will also be in floating-point.
% Modulo Operator
The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a = 7 is divided by b = 4 , the remainder is 3 .
Note : The % operator is mainly used with integers.
Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example,
Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age .
Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.
Operator | Example | Equivalent to |
---|---|---|
3. java relational operators.
Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands. For example,
Here, < operator is the relational operator. It checks if a is less than b or not.
It returns either true or false .
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
Is Equal To | returns | |
Not Equal To | returns | |
Greater Than | returns | |
Less Than | returns | |
Greater Than or Equal To | returns | |
Less Than or Equal To | returns |
Note : Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.
Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false . They are used in decision making.
Operator | Example | Meaning |
---|---|---|
(Logical AND) | expression1 expression2 | only if both and are |
(Logical OR) | expression1 expression2 | if either or is |
(Logical NOT) | expression | if is and vice versa |
Working of Program
Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++ is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1 . That is, ++5 will return 6 .
Different types of unary operators are:
Operator | Meaning |
---|---|
: not necessary to use since numbers are positive without using it | |
: inverts the sign of an expression | |
: increments value by 1 | |
: decrements value by 1 | |
: inverts the value of a boolean |
Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++ and -- respectively. ++ increases the value of the operand by 1 , while -- decrease it by 1 . For example,
Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5 .
In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b) . We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++) .
There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.
To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators .
Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,
Here, ~ is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit ( 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 ).
The various bitwise operators present in Java are:
Operator | Description |
---|---|
Bitwise Complement | |
Left Shift | |
Right Shift | |
Unsigned Right Shift | |
Bitwise AND | |
Bitwise exclusive OR |
These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators .
Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.
The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,
Here, str is an instance of the String class. Hence, the instanceof operator returns true . To learn more, visit Java instanceof .
The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else statement. For example,
Here's how it works.
Let's see an example of a ternary operator.
In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator .
Now that you know about Java operators, it's time to know about the order in which operators are evaluated. To learn more, visit Java Operator Precedence .
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Java Tutorial
Java addition assignment.
In Java, Addition Assignment Operator is used to add a value (right operand) to this variable (left operand) and assign the result back to this variable (left operand). In this tutorial, we will learn how to use Addition Assignment operator in Java, with examples.
The syntax to add a value of 2 to variable x and assign the result to x using Addition Assignment Operator is
In the following example, we take a variable x with an initial value of 5 , add a value of 2 to x and assign the result to x , using Addition Assignment Operator.
In this Java Tutorial , we learned about Addition Assignment Operator in Java, with examples.
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Variables are containers for storing data values.
In Java, there are different types of variables, for example:
To create a variable, you must specify the type and assign it a value:
Where type is one of Java's types (such as int or String ), and variableName is the name of the variable (such as x or name ). The equal sign is used to assign values to the variable.
To create a variable that should store text, look at the following example:
Create a variable called name of type String and assign it the value " John ":
Try it Yourself »
To create a variable that should store a number, look at the following example:
Create a variable called myNum of type int and assign it the value 15 :
You can also declare a variable without assigning the value, and assign the value later:
Note that if you assign a new value to an existing variable, it will overwrite the previous value:
Change the value of myNum from 15 to 20 :
If you don't want others (or yourself) to overwrite existing values, use the final keyword (this will declare the variable as "final" or "constant", which means unchangeable and read-only):
A demonstration of how to declare variables of other types:
You will learn more about data types in the next section.
Create a variable named carName and assign the value Volvo to it.
Start the Exercise
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An array is a collection of similar types of data in a contiguous location in memory. After Declaring an array we create and assign it a value or variable. During the assignment variable of the array things, we have to remember and have to check the below condition.
Element-level promotions are not applicable at the array level. Like a character can be promoted to integer but a character array type cannot be promoted to int type array.
In the case of object-type arrays, child-type array variables can be assigned to parent-type array variables. That means after creating a parent-type array object we can assign a child array in this parent array.
When we assign one array to another array internally, the internal element or value won’t be copied, only the reference variable will be assigned hence sizes are not important but the type must be matched.
When we assign one array to another array in java, the dimension must be matched which means if one array is in a single dimension then another array must be in a single dimension. Samely if one array is in two dimensions another array must be in two dimensions. So, when we perform array assignment size is not important but dimension and type must be matched.
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I tried to understand how exactly the return value of assignment operation works. followed by this post "Java returns the assigned value".
b2 is true because of (b1 == false) return true, then the return of b2 assignment b2 = true
Or is it because of some other reason?
You've got it right. The operator precedence rules make sure that first the == operator is evaluated. That's b1==false , yielding true. After that, the assigned is executed, setting b2 to true. Finally, the assignment operator returns the value as b2, which is evaluated by the if statement.
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Note: The compound assignment operator in Java performs implicit type casting. Let's consider a scenario where x is an int variable with a value of 5. int x = 5; If you want to add the double value 4.5 to the integer variable x and print its value, there are two methods to achieve this: Method 1: x = x + 4.5. Method 2: x += 4.5.
You can also combine the arithmetic operators with the simple assignment operator to create compound assignments. For example, x+=1; and x=x+1; both increment the value of x by 1. The + operator can also be used for concatenating (joining) two strings together, as shown in the following ConcatDemo program:
Java Assignment Operators. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. In the example below, we use the assignment operator (=) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x: Example int x = 10; Try it Yourself » The addition assignment operator (+=) adds a value to a variable:
The assignment operator in Java evaluates to the assigned value (like it does in, e.g., c ). So here, readLine() will be executed, and its return value stored in line. That stored value is then checked against null, and if it's null then the loop will terminate. edited Jun 3, 2021 at 14:55. Michael. 43.7k 12 91 138. answered Jul 2, 2016 at 19:56.
The general format of a Java assignment operator is as follows: variable = expression; Explanation: variable: This is the name of the variable to which you want to assign a value. expression: This is the value or result that you want to assign to the variable. The assignment operator (=) is used to assign the value of the expression on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.
To assign a value to a variable, use the basic assignment operator (=). It is the most fundamental assignment operator in Java. It assigns the value on the right side of the operator to the variable on the left side. Example: int x = 10; int x = 10; In the above example, the variable x is assigned the value 10.
Java Assignment Operators. The Java Assignment Operators are used when you want to assign a value to the expression. The assignment operator denoted by the single equal sign =. In a Java assignment statement, any expression can be on the right side and the left side must be a variable name. For example, this does not mean that "a" is equal to ...
Assignment Operators Overview Top. The single equal sign = is used for assignment in Java and we have been using this throughout the lessons so far. This operator is fairly self explanatory and takes the form variable = expression; . A point to note here is that the type of variable must be compatible with the type of expression.
The following assignment operators are supported in Java. The associativity of assignment operator is "right to left", which means the when compiler encounters assignment operator, it starts to evaluate the expression from right to left. For example: int num = 10; The compiler assigns the value 10 to the variable num. 1. = Operator example
Java assignment operators are classified into two types: simple and compound. The Simple assignment operator is the equals ( =) sign, which is the most straightforward of the bunch. It simply assigns the value or variable on the right to the variable on the left. Compound operators are comprised of both an arithmetic, bitwise, or shift operator ...
The Java Assignment operators are used to assign the values to the declared variables. The equals ( = ) operator is the most commonly used Java assignment operator. For example: int i = 25; The table below displays all the assignment operators in the Java programming language. Operators.
Compound Assignment Operators. Sometime we need to modify the same variable value and reassigned it to a same reference variable. Java allows you to combine assignment and addition operators using a shorthand operator. For example, the preceding statement can be written as: i +=8; //This is same as i = i+8; The += is called the addition ...
An assignment statement designates a value for a variable. An assignment statement can be used as an expression in Java. After a variable is declared, you can assign a value to it by using an assignment statement. In Java, the equal sign = is used as the assignment operator. The syntax for assignment statements is as follows: variable ...
2. Java Assignment Operators. Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example, int age; age = 5; Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age. Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.
In Java, Addition Assignment Operator is used to add a value (right operand) to this variable (left operand) and assign the result back to this variable (left operand). In this tutorial, we will learn how to use Addition Assignment operator in Java, with examples. The syntax to add a value of 2 to variable x and assign the result to x using ...
Java Variables. Variables are containers for storing data values. In Java, there are different types of variables, for example: String - stores text, such as "Hello". String values are surrounded by double quotes. int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123. float - stores floating point numbers, with decimals ...
Array Variable Assignment in Java. An array is a collection of similar types of data in a contiguous location in memory. After Declaring an array we create and assign it a value or variable. During the assignment variable of the array things, we have to remember and have to check the below condition. 1.
I am new to Java and I have some questions in mind regarding object assignment. For instance, Test t1 = new Test(); Test t2 = t1; t1.i=1; Assuming variable i is defined inside Test class, am I right to assume both t1 and t2 point to the same object where the modification t1.i=1 affects both t1 and t2?Actually I tested it out and seems like I was right.
4. You've got it right. The operator precedence rules make sure that first the == operator is evaluated. That's b1==false, yielding true. After that, the assigned is executed, setting b2 to true. Finally, the assignment operator returns the value as b2, which is evaluated by the if statement. answered Jan 7, 2017 at 16:35.