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The Panera Bread LBO – Case Solution

The Panera Bread LBO case study discusses the situation of the firm from the viewpoint of a private equity fund. It allows students the opportunity to estimate the optimal projection for each bid scenario of the leveraged buyout.

​David P. Stowell and Alexander Katz Harvard Business Review ( KE1153-PDF-ENG ) August 30, 2019

Case questions answered:

• Construct an LBO model for Panera Bread.
• Determine the optimal debt structuring for LBO.
• Estimate the optimal projection for each bid scenario and model each.

Not the questions you were looking for? Submit your own questions & get answers .

The Panera Bread LBO Case Answers

This case solution includes an Excel file with calculations.

Introduction – The Panera Bread LBO

Panera Bread (PB) is a national chain of corporately owned and franchisee-operated Fast-Casual dining establishments. These restaurants are designed to reflect their core identity as a “wholesome food” concept chain centered around fresh baked goods and a welcoming environment for their customers.

With over 2,000 across North America, Panera Bread is poised perfectly to take advantage of the recent boom in fast-casual dining.

As a leading pioneer in this relatively new industry segment, Panera is seeking to establish itself via market share and further expand its existing competitive advantages in such a competitive industry.

Primarily aimed at affluent adults, fast-casual dining provides a new experience for restaurant-goers that is unique to the market segment. In addition, competitive processes and food quality well above the average fast-food supplement make this industry ripe for re-investment.

The problem facing Panera Bread today is the riskiness and competitiveness of the market segment paired with the speed at which Panera Bread expanded in the first place.

The threat of new entrants is palpable, and a strong customer base is extremely necessary to make sure that Panera retains its existing staying power.

With this exceptional staying power and past success, PB has attracted the attention of a private equity firm by the name of KLG. This firm is interested in initiating an LBO in order to capitalize on a buyout opportunity.

An analysis of the buyout opportunity at a calculated/determined premium is to be pitched to both KLG management and the managing director of Panera Bread for review and eventual decision.

Panera Bread has retained a strong market share at over 68% share in the industry’s revenues. This is massive and is only growing as the vast majority of growth in the industry is fueled by taking significant market share from other fast-food companies.

A more in-depth analysis of the LBO market indicated that not only will a…

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Panera Bread Company Harvard Case Solution & Analysis

Home >> Finance Case Studies Analysis >> Panera Bread Company

Core Competencies

Since its inception, the company had achieved a number of core competencies in the business and had a potential to exceed customers’ expectations. The company was offering high quality food items at affordable prices to their customers with a warm and comfortable environment. As the CEO, Ron Shaich said “it really matter to us that our guest should feel comfortable at our bakery-cafes. We have committed to produce and introduce the tradition of handcrafted, artisan bread and something special for our customers. As we observe here at Panera, that customers love our services , food quality and our café’s environment, which is the basic reason behind our year to year success”. The company had always tried to integrate something innovative into their menus that could attract customers from every walk of life. It had also initiated a number of charitable activities by offering free give away breads to the homeless families i.e. Operation Dough nation program, which had enhanced their brand image. Due to these core competencies, Panera bread was widely recognized as a market giant in the specialty bread segment and according to a study conducted by the TNS Inter-search the company had reported the highest level of customer loyalty in 2003, among all the quick-casual restaurants. According to the Sandleman & Associates national customer satisfaction survey, the company was rated for the four consecutive years in the best of 121 competitors in the quick-service restaurant industry.

Panera Bread’s Strategy

The target market of the organization was urban workers and sub-urban dwellers. It was offering specialty bread products to the target market at an affordable price and was capable of developing a brand image through increasing customer loyalty and satisfaction. The company’s marketing strategy was very close to the broad differentiation strategy because it was focused upon satisfying their customers through innovation and increasing value of their dollars. The company had a strong market research team that had incorporated buyer desires from time to time and developed innovative products that could be capable of meeting the changing trends of the industry. The company was also charging affordable prices for their products, which had increased their customer base and loyalty because most of the customers were making their choices on the basis of getting high-quality food against affordable prices. The company had performed an extensive market research to determine customer food, drink preferences and price points. It was trying to grow its sales at different existing locations through menu development, promotions at everyday prices, product merchandising and sponsorship of local community charitable events.

With the help of this strategy, Panera Bread would be able to achieve a competitive advantage in the industry through their unique offerings and innovative product developments. The company would also be able to expand their geographical operations through this strategy because most of the customers would not visit a new place that charge premium prices with limited product portfolio. With the help of a broad differentiation strategy, the company would be able to enhance its profitability because the extra price that commands the product would easily outweigh the added cost utilized for achieving the differentiation. Panera would be capable of integrating their products to both the casual and fast food dining experience through this strategy..........................................

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Harvard Business Case Studies Solutions – Assignment Help

In most courses studied at Harvard Business schools, students are provided with a case study. Major HBR cases concerns on a whole industry, a whole organization or some part of organization; profitable or non-profitable organizations. Student’s role is to analyze the case and diagnose the situation, identify the problem and then give appropriate recommendations and steps to be taken.

porter’s five forces model

To make a detailed case analysis, student should follow these steps:

STEP 1: Reading Up Harvard Case Study Method Guide:

Case study method guide is provided to students which determine the aspects of problem needed to be considered while analyzing a case study. It is very important to have a thorough reading and understanding of guidelines provided. However, poor guide reading will lead to misunderstanding of case and failure of analyses. It is recommended to read guidelines before and after reading the case to understand what is asked and how the questions are to be answered. Therefore, in-depth understanding f case guidelines is very important.

Harvard Case Study Solutions

STEP 2: Reading The Panera Bread Company Harvard Case Study:

To have a complete understanding of the case, one should focus on case reading. It is said that case should be read two times. Initially, fast reading without taking notes and underlines should be done. Initial reading is to get a rough idea of what information is provided for the analyses. Then, a very careful reading should be done at second time reading of the case. This time, highlighting the important point and mark the necessary information provided in the case. In addition, the quantitative data in case, and its relations with other quantitative or qualitative variables should be given more importance. Also, manipulating different data and combining with other information available will give a new insight. However, all of the information provided is not reliable and relevant.

When having a fast reading, following points should be noted:

• Nature of organization
• Nature if industry in which organization operates.
• External environment that is effecting organization
• Problems being faced by management
• Identification of communication strategies.
• Any relevant strategy that can be added.
• Control and out-of-control situations.

When reading the case for second time, following points should be considered:

• Decisions needed to be made and the responsible Person to make decision.
• Objectives of the organization and key players in this case.
• The compatibility of objectives. if not, their reconciliations and necessary redefinition.
• Sources and constraints of organization from meeting its objectives.

After reading the case and guidelines thoroughly, reader should go forward and start the analyses of the case.

• Pest analysis

STEP 3: Doing The Case Analysis Of Panera Bread Company:

To make an appropriate case analyses, firstly, reader should mark the important problems that are happening in the organization. There may be multiple problems that can be faced by any organization. Secondly, after identifying problems in the company, identify the most concerned and important problem that needed to be focused.

Firstly, the introduction is written. After having a clear idea of what is defined in the case, we deliver it to the reader. It is better to start the introduction from any historical or social context. The challenging diagnosis for Panera Bread Company and the management of information is needed to be provided. However, introduction should not be longer than 6-7 lines in a paragraph. As the most important objective is to convey the most important message for to the reader.

After introduction, problem statement is defined. In the problem statement, the company’s most important problem and constraints to solve these problems should be define clearly. However, the problem should be concisely define in no more than a paragraph. After defining the problems and constraints, analysis of the case study is begin.

STEP 4: SWOT Analysis of the Panera Bread Company HBR Case Solution:

SWOT analysis helps the business to identify its strengths and weaknesses, as well as understanding of opportunity that can be availed and the threat that the company is facing. SWOT for Panera Bread Company is a powerful tool of analysis as it provide a thought to uncover and exploit the opportunities that can be used to increase and enhance company’s operations. In addition, it also identifies the weaknesses of the organization that will help to be eliminated and manage the threats that would catch the attention of the management.

This strategy helps the company to make any strategy that would differentiate the company from competitors, so that the organization can compete successfully in the industry. The strengths and weaknesses are obtained from internal organization. Whereas, the opportunities and threats are generally related from external environment of organization. Moreover, it is also called Internal-External Analysis.

In the strengths, management should identify the following points exists in the organization:

• Advantages of the organization
• Activities of the company better than competitors.
• Unique resources and low cost resources company have.
• Activities and resources market sees as the company’s strength.
• Unique selling proposition of the company.

WEAKNESSES:

• Improvement that could be done.
• Activities that can be avoided for Panera Bread Company.
• Activities that can be determined as your weakness in the market.
• Factors that can reduce the sales.
• Competitor’s activities that can be seen as your weakness.

OPPORTUNITIES:

• Good opportunities that can be spotted.
• Interesting trends of industry.
• Change in technology and market strategies
• Government policy changes that is related to the company’s field
• Changes in social patterns and lifestyles.
• Local events.

Following points can be identified as a threat to company:

• Company’s facing obstacles.
• Activities of competitors.
• Product and services quality standards
• Threat from changing technologies
• Financial/cash flow problems
• Weakness that threaten the business.

Following points should be considered when applying SWOT to the analysis:

• Precise and verifiable phrases should be sued.
• Prioritize the points under each head, so that management can identify which step has to be taken first.
• Apply the analyses at proposed level. Clear yourself first that on what basis you have to apply SWOT matrix.
• Make sure that points identified should carry itself with strategy formulation process.
• Use particular terms (like USP, Core Competencies Analyses etc.) to get a comprehensive picture of analyses.

STEP 5: PESTEL/ PEST Analysis of Panera Bread Company Case Solution:

Pest analyses is a widely used tool to analyze the Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental and legal situations which can provide great and new opportunities to the company as well as these factors can also threat the company, to be dangerous in future.

Pest analysis is very important and informative.  It is used for the purpose of identifying business opportunities and advance threat warning. Moreover, it also helps to the extent to which change is useful for the company and also guide the direction for the change. In addition, it also helps to avoid activities and actions that will be harmful for the company in future, including projects and strategies.

To analyze the business objective and its opportunities and threats, following steps should be followed:

• Brainstorm and assumption the changes that should be made to organization. Answer the necessary questions that are related to specific needs of organization
• Analyze the opportunities that would be happen due to the change.
• Analyze the threats and issues that would be caused due to change.
• Perform cost benefit analyses and take the appropriate action.

PEST FACTORS:

• Next political elections and changes that will happen in the country due to these elections
• Strong and powerful political person, his point of view on business policies and their effect on the organization.
• Strength of property rights and law rules. And its ratio with corruption and organized crimes. Changes in these situation and its effects.
• Change in Legislation and taxation effects on the company
• Trend of regulations and deregulations. Effects of change in business regulations
• Timescale of legislative change.
• Other political factors likely to change for Panera Bread Company.

ECONOMICAL:

• Position and current economy trend i.e. growing, stagnant or declining.
• Exchange rates fluctuations and its relation with company.
• Change in Level of customer’s disposable income and its effect.
• Fluctuation in unemployment rate and its effect on hiring of skilled employees
• Access to credit and loans. And its effects on company
• Effect of globalization on economic environment
• Considerations on other economic factors

SOCIO-CULTURAL:

• Change in population growth rate and age factors, and its impacts on organization.
• Effect on organization due to Change in attitudes and generational shifts.
• Standards of health, education and social mobility levels. Its changes and effects on company.
• Employment patterns, job market trend and attitude towards work according to different age groups.

case study solutions

• Social attitudes and social trends, change in socio culture an dits effects.
• Religious believers and life styles and its effects on organization
• Other socio culture factors and its impacts.

TECHNOLOGICAL:

• Any new technology that company is using
• Any new technology in market that could affect the work, organization or industry
• Access of competitors to the new technologies and its impact on their product development/better services.
• Research areas of government and education institutes in which the company can make any efforts
• Changes in infra-structure and its effects on work flow
• Existing technology that can facilitate the company
• Other technological factors and their impacts on company and industry

These headings and analyses would help the company to consider these factors and make a “big picture” of company’s characteristics. This will help the manager to take the decision and drawing conclusion about the forces that would create a big impact on company and its resources.

STEP 6: Porter’s Five Forces/ Strategic Analysis Of The Panera Bread Company Case Study:

To analyze the structure of a company and its corporate strategy, Porter’s five forces model is used. In this model, five forces have been identified which play an important part in shaping the market and industry. These forces are used to measure competition intensity and profitability of an industry and market.

porter’s five forces model

These forces refers to micro environment and the company ability to serve its customers and make a profit. These five forces includes three forces from horizontal competition and two forces from vertical competition. The five forces are discussed below:

• THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS:
• as the industry have high profits, many new entrants will try to enter into the market. However, the new entrants will eventually cause decrease in overall industry profits. Therefore, it is necessary to block the new entrants in the industry. following factors is describing the level of threat to new entrants:
• Barriers to entry that includes copy rights and patents.
• High capital requirement
• Government restricted policies
• Switching cost
• Access to suppliers and distributions
• Customer loyalty to established brands.
• THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES:
• this describes the threat to company. If the goods and services are not up to the standard, consumers can use substitutes and alternatives that do not need any extra effort and do not make a major difference. For example, using Aquafina in substitution of tap water, Pepsi in alternative of Coca Cola. The potential factors that made customer shift to substitutes are as follows:
• Price performance of substitute
• Switching costs of buyer
• Products substitute available in the market
• Reduction of quality
• Close substitution are available
• DEGREE OF INDUSTRY RIVALRY:
• the lesser money and resources are required to enter into any industry, the higher there will be new competitors and be an effective competitor. It will also weaken the company’s position. Following are the potential factors that will influence the company’s competition:
• Competitive advantage
• Continuous innovation
• Sustainable position in competitive advantage
• Level of advertising
• Competitive strategy
• BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS:
• it deals with the ability of customers to take down the prices. It mainly consists the importance of a customer and the level of cost if a customer will switch from one product to another. The buyer power is high if there are too many alternatives available. And the buyer power is low if there are lesser options of alternatives and switching. Following factors will influence the buying power of customers:
• Bargaining leverage
• Switching cost of a buyer
• Buyer price sensitivity
• Competitive advantage of company’s product
• BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS:
• this refers to the supplier’s ability of increasing and decreasing prices. If there are few alternatives o supplier available, this will threat the company and it would have to purchase its raw material in supplier’s terms. However, if there are many suppliers alternative, suppliers have low bargaining power and company do not have to face high switching cost. The potential factors that effects bargaining power of suppliers are the following:
• Input differentiation
• Impact of cost on differentiation
• Strength of distribution centers
• Input substitute’s availability.

STEP 7: VRIO Analysis of Panera Bread Company:

Vrio analysis for Panera Bread Company case study identified the four main attributes which helps the organization to gain a competitive advantages. The author of this theory suggests that firm must be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and perfectly non sustainable. Therefore there must be some resources and capabilities in an organization that can facilitate the competitive advantage to company. The four components of VRIO analysis are described below: VALUABLE: the company must have some resources or strategies that can exploit opportunities and defend the company from major threats. If the company holds some value then answer is yes. Resources are also valuable if they provide customer satisfaction and increase customer value. This value may create by increasing differentiation in existing product or decrease its price. Is these conditions are not met, company may lead to competitive disadvantage. Therefore, it is necessary to continually review the Panera Bread Company company’s activities and resources values. RARE: the resources of the Panera Bread Company company that are not used by any other company are known as rare. Rare and valuable resources grant much competitive advantages to the firm. However, when more than one few companies uses the same resources and provide competitive parity are also known as rare resources. Even, the competitive parity is not desired position, but the company should not lose its valuable resources, even they are common. COSTLY TO IMITATE: the resources are costly to imitate, if other organizations cannot imitate it. However, imitation is done in two ways. One is duplicating that is direct imitation and the other one is substituting that is indirect imitation. Any firm who has valuable and rare resources, and these resources are costly to imitate, have achieved their competitive advantage. However, resources should also be perfectly non sustainable. The reasons that resource imitation is costly are historical conditions, casual ambiguity and social complexity. ORGANIZED TO CAPTURE VALUE: resources, itself, cannot provide advantages to organization until it is organized and exploit to do so. A firm (like Panera Bread Company)  must organize its management systems, processes, policies and strategies to fully utilize the resource’s potential to be valuable, rare and costly to imitate.

STEP 8: Generating Alternatives For Panera Bread Company Case Solution:

After completing the analyses of the company, its opportunities and threats, it is important to generate a solution of the problem and the alternatives a company can apply in order to solve its problems. To generate the alternative of problem, following things must to be kept in mind:

• Realistic solution should be identified that can be operated in the company, with all its constraints and opportunities.
• as the problem and its solution cannot occur at the same time, it should be described as mutually exclusive
• it is not possible for a company to not to take any action, therefore, the alternative of doing nothing is not viable.
• Student should provide more than one decent solution. Providing two undesirable alternatives to make the other one attractive is not acceptable.

Once the alternatives have been generated, student should evaluate the options and select the appropriate and viable solution for the company.

STEP 9: Selection Of Alternatives For Panera Bread Company Case Solution:

It is very important to select the alternatives and then evaluate the best one as the company have limited choices and constraints. Therefore to select the best alternative, there are many factors that is needed to be kept in mind. The criteria’s on which business decisions are to be selected areas under:

• Improve profitability
• Increase sales, market shares, return on investments
• Customer satisfaction
• Brand image
• Corporate mission, vision and strategy
• Resources and capabilities

Alternatives should be measures that which alternative will perform better than other one and the valid reasons. In addition, alternatives should be related to the problem statements and issues described in the case study.

STEP 10: Evaluation Of Alternatives For Panera Bread Company Case Solution:

If the selected alternative is fulfilling the above criteria, the decision should be taken straightforwardly. Best alternative should be selected must be the best when evaluating it on the decision criteria. Another method used to evaluate the alternatives are the list of pros and cons of each alternative and one who has more pros than cons and can be workable under organizational constraints.

STEP 11: Recommendations For Panera Bread Company Case Study (Solution):

There should be only one recommendation to enhance the company’s operations and its growth or solving its problems. The decision that is being taken should be justified and viable for solving the problems.

• AP AUTOMATION

Panera Accelerates and Optimizes their AP Processes

Panera, a leading bakery-cafe chain in the US, was struggling with manual processing of accounts payable (AP) due to their high invoice volume and multiple locations. They needed a solution to standardize AP processes and improve efficiency. Ascend AP Automation provided a solution to their challenges, resulting in increased OCR accuracy, reduced processing time and costs, and the capacity for future expansion.

Panera's move from manual AP processing to Ascend AP Automation was a major transformation. They were processing more than 400,000 invoices annually across 2,000 locations, and needed to standardize AP across three organizations in their cafes, manufacturing, and corporate overhead. The declining recognition rates from their prior solution and high invoice volume meant that time and money costs were extremely high.

Ascend's flexible platform and tailored implementation allowed Panera to centralize their AP process and automate coding of spend categories and cost centers. Invoices are now auto-coded based on text extraction (OCR) and integrated into Workday supplier data. Ascend also automated the sync of PO information and Worktag data, along with spend categories, cost centers, projects and project phases. This saved steps and eliminated delays, reducing image retrieval and data-entry effort in both accounts payable preprocessing and downstream processes including department approvals and research.

Panera saw significant benefits from moving to Ascend AP Automation. Recognition rates increased by over 60%, a dramatic increase for a company processing more than 400,000 invoices annually across 2,000 locations. Centralized AP for Panera's three AP factions: Retail, manufacturing and overhead, reducing confusion and errors.

Automated coding of spend categories and cost centers reduced the need for manual intervention and improved accuracy. Sped up invoice processing by 40% compared to their previous AP automation solution. All these improvements in the AP process resulted in increased OCR accuracy, reduced processing time and costs, and the capacity for future expansion.

Ascend's AP automation solution helped Panera in transforming their AP process by increasing OCR accuracy, reducing processing time and costs, and centralizing their AP across their three organizations. The automation of coding of spend categories and cost centers saved time and reduced the need for manual intervention. The result was a faster, more efficient AP process that allowed Panera to expand in the future.

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Virgin voyages is processing 74% of invoices without touching them, ou health's touchless processing rates exceeds 90%, catalina takes their ap processes to touchless, sturdy memorial hospital automates & streamlines ap in workday.

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Panera Bread has shut down three more fresh dough manufacturing facilities

Joanna Fantozzi | Jun 24, 2024

After news broke that Panera Bread is shutting down another of its fresh dough manufacturing facilities in Chandler, Ariz. (as first reported by the St. Louis Business Journal ), Nation’s Restaurant News learned that the JAB Holding-owned bakery-café chain has shut down at least two more of its fresh dough manufacturing facilities in Denver and Seattle, bringing the total to four closures. In areas where FDFs are shutting down, the company is switching to a par-baked operations model, where bakery items are partially pre-made off-premises, frozen, and then finished in the oven at a Panera café. 

The fresh dough manufacturing facilities have historically been staffed by bakers who would produce all the fresh bread, bagel, and roll dough for the brand, and transport the fresh dough to surrounding Panera bakery-cafes every day, where they are baked from scratch on premises. NRN previously reported on the beginnings of this shift earlier this year, though now the FDFs appear to be shuttering at a more rapid rate.

Related: Panera Bread parent company JAB Holding Company is diversifying beyond consumer goods

Sources close to the matter confirmed with Nation’s Restaurant News that the Denver, Seattle, and Arizona FDFs (along with the Houston facility earlier this year), are shutting down due to underperformance. Representatives for Panera declined to clarify how performance at these facilities is measured. Current and former employees have explained that the Panera fresh dough facilities operate as separate entities from the cafes they serve, with their own profit margins, losses, etc. Last year, Panera Bread as a company recorded 2.6% sales growth and 2.2% unit growth, according to the latest data from Technomic.

Panera employees posting on Reddit claim that the Denver and Seattle manufacturing facilities closed last week, followed by the announcement of the Arizona facility closure, which will result in a loss of 64 employees when the facility permanently ceases operations on Aug. 15. Panera is offering severance packages, outplacement services, and hosted a job fair for all displaced workers.

Related: Is there more to Panera’s menu overhaul than meets the eye?

Other current and former employees on Reddit are speculating that other fresh dough manufacturing facilities are next on the chopping block, including Stockton, Calif. and Atlanta. One Panera employee currently working as a baker in the Atlanta area said that they were told by their direct supervisor that the Atlanta-area bakery-cafes will likely make the shift to the par-baked model in October.

Another current bakery employee from a different region showed Nation’s Restaurant News a letter that their bakery market manager sent to employees in April explaining that Panera’s “Bakery of the Future” plan is coming, and cafes “will be transitioning to frozen dough,” though the timeline of when this will happen is unclear.

“The timeline we currently have that this may be happening to us is, at the earliest, end of next year-- It may even take as long as four years to come to us,” the letter, from which names and identifying geographic information have been redacted, reads. “When this transition is made, all of you will be offered positions within the cafes as baker-associates. My understanding is your pay and full-time status/benefits we remain intact.”

A source close to the matter clarified that the Stockton, Calif. facility is not closing but declined to comment on the other rumored closures, stating that the fresh dough facilities are closing due underperformance, and not a shift away from the company’s history of freshly baked goods. Representatives for Panera Bread declined to comment on the record regarding FDF closures, or rumors of the company transitioning to a par-baked operations model.

These changes are coming at a time of transition for Panera. In March, NRN reported that amid news of the bakery-café chain’s “biggest menu transformation in history,” Panera has also been removing many items from the menu, including flatbreads, Mediterranean bowls, and more.

The company has also been quietly rolling back some of its “clean food guidelines,” which have previously been touted as brand differentiators. New store guidelines released earlier this year required employees to remove all signage and mentions of “no antibiotics ever, vegetarian-fed, grass pasture-raised, animal welfare and hormones,” allowing for more “flexibility” in feeding and sourcing standards, an internal memo circulating several months ago said.

Contact Joanna at [email protected]

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Panera Sued Over Data Breach That Exposed Employees’ Information

By Cassandre Coyer

Panera Bread Co. is facing a proposed class action over a data breach that exposed the personal information of potentially thousands of current and former employees.

Despite public statements that Panera maintains “reasonable physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards” to protect data, the food chain didn’t take appropriate steps to safeguard employee data, including encrypting or redacting sensitive information, according to the complaint filed Monday in the US District Court for the Western District of Missouri.

Panera staff members submitted a range of personally identifiable information to the food chain in the course of their employment, including their names and Social ...

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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Panera Bread Case Study Solution

Posted by John Berg on Feb-16-2018

Introduction

Panera Bread Case Study is included in the Harvard Business Review Case Study. Therefore, it is necessary to touch HBR fundamentals before starting the Panera Bread case analysis. HBR will help you assess which piece of information is relevant. Harvard Business review will also help you solve your case. Thus, HBR fundamentals assist in easily comprehending the case study description and brainstorming the Panera Bread case analysis. Also, a major benefit of HBR is that it widens your approach. HBR also brings new ideas into the picture which would help you in your Panera Bread case analysis.

To write an effective Harvard Business Case Solution, a deep Panera Bread case analysis is essential. A proper analysis requires deep investigative reading. You should have a strong grasp of the concepts discussed and be able to identify the central problem in the given HBR case study. It is very important to read the HBR case study thoroughly as at times identifying the key problem becomes challenging. Thus by underlining every single detail which you think relevant, you will be quickly able to solve the HBR case study as is addressed in Harvard Business Case Solution.

Problem Identification

The first step in solving the HBR Case Study is to identify the problem. A problem can be regarded as a difference between the actual situation and the desired situation. This means that to identify a problem, you must know where it is intended to be. To do a Panera Bread case study analysis and a financial analysis, you need to have a clear understanding of where the problem currently is about the perceived problem.

For effective and efficient problem identification,

• A multi-source and multi-method approach should be adopted.
• The problem identified should be thoroughly reviewed and evaluated before continuing with the case study solution.
• The problem should be backed by sufficient evidence to make sure a wrong problem isn't being worked upon.

Problem identification, if done well, will form a strong foundation for your Panera Bread Case Study. Effective problem identification is clear, objective, and specific. An ambiguous problem will result in vague solutions being discovered. It is also well-informed and timely. It should be noted that the right amount of time should be spent on this part. Spending too much time will leave lesser time for the rest of the process.

Panera Bread Case Analysis

Once you have completed the first step which was problem identification, you move on to developing a case study answers. This is the second step which will include evaluation and analysis of the given company. For this step, tools like SWOT analysis, Porter's five forces analysis for Panera Bread, etc. can be used. Porter’s five forces analysis for Panera Bread analyses a company’s substitutes, buyer and supplier power, rivalry, etc.

To do an effective HBR case study analysis, you need to explore the following areas:

1. Company history:

The Panera Bread case study consists of the history of the company given at the start. Reading it thoroughly will provide you with an understanding of the company's aims and objectives. You will keep these in mind as any Harvard Business Case Solutions you provide will need to be aligned with these.

2. Company growth trends:

This will help you obtain an understanding of the company's current stage in the business cycle and will give you an idea of what the scope of the solution should be.

3. Company culture:

Work culture in a company tells a lot about the workforce itself. You can understand this by going through the instances involving employees that the HBR case study provides. This will be helpful in understanding if the proposed case study solution will be accepted by the workforce and whether it will consist of the prevailing culture in the company.

Panera Bread Financial Analysis

The third step of solving the Panera Bread Case Study is Panera Bread Financial Analysis. You can go about it in a similar way as is done for a finance and accounting case study. For solving any Panera Bread case, Financial Analysis is of extreme importance. You should place extra focus on conducting Panera Bread financial analysis as it is an integral part of the Panera Bread Case Study Solution. It will help you evaluate the position of Panera Bread regarding stability, profitability and liquidity accurately. On the basis of this, you will be able to recommend an appropriate plan of action. To conduct a Panera Bread financial analysis in excel,

• Past year financial statements need to be extracted.
• Liquidity and profitability ratios to be calculated from the current financial statements.
• Ratios are compared with the past year Panera Bread calculations
• Company’s financial position is evaluated.

Another way how you can do the Panera Bread financial analysis is through financial modelling. Financial Analysis through financial modelling is done by:

• Using the current financial statement to produce forecasted financial statements.
• A set of assumptions are made to grow revenue and expenses.
• Value of the company is derived.

Financial Analysis is critical in many aspects:

• Decision Making and Strategy Devising to achieve targeted goals- to determine the future course of action.
• Getting credit from suppliers depending on the leverage position- creditors will be confident to supply on credit if less company debt.
• Influence on Investment Decisions- buying and selling of stock by investors.

Thus, it is a snapshot of the company and helps analysts assess whether the company's performance has improved or deteriorated. It also gives an insight about its expected performance in future- whether it will be going concern or not. Panera Bread Financial analysis can, therefore, give you a broader image of the company.

Panera Bread NPV

Panera Bread's calculations of ratios only are not sufficient to gauge the company performance for investment decisions. Instead, investment appraisal methods should also be considered. Panera Bread NPV calculation is a very important one as NPV helps determine whether the investment will lead to a positive value or a negative value. It is the best tool for decision making.

There are many benefits of using NPV:

• It takes into account the future value of money, thereby giving reliable results.
• It considers the cost of capital in its calculations.
• It gives the return in dollar terms simplifying decision making.

The formula that you will use to calculate Panera Bread NPV will be as follows:

Present Value of Future Cash Flows minus Initial Investment

Present Value of Future cash flows will be calculated as follows:

PV of CF= CF1/(1+r)^1 + CF2/(1+r)^2 + CF3/(1+r)^3 + …CFn/(1+r)^n

where CF = cash flows r = cost of capital n = total number of years.

Cash flows can be uniform or multiple. You can discount them by Panera Bread WACC as the discount rate to arrive at the present value figure. You can then use the resulting figure to make your investment decision. The decision criteria would be as follows:

• If Present Value of Cash Flows is greater than Initial Investment, you can accept the project.
• If Present Value of Cash Flows is less than Initial Investment, you can reject the project.

Thus, calculation of Panera Bread NPV will give you an insight into the value generated if you invest in Panera Bread. It is a very reliable tool to assess the feasibility of an investment as it helps determine whether the cash flows generated will help yield a positive return or not.

However, it would be better if you take various aspects under consideration. Thus, apart from Panera Bread’s NPV, you should also consider other capital budgeting techniques like Panera Bread’s IRR to evaluate and fine-tune your investment decisions.

Panera Bread DCF

Once you are done with calculating the Panera Bread NPV for your finance and accounting case study, you can proceed to the next step, which involves calculating the Panera Bread DCF. Discounted cash flow (DCF) is a Panera Bread valuation method used to estimate the value of an investment based on its future cash flows. For a better presentation of your finance case solution, it is recommended to use Panera Bread excel for the DCF analysis.

To calculate the Panera Bread DCF analysis, the following steps are required:

• Calculate the expected future cash inflows and outflows.
• Set-off inflows and outflows to obtain the net cash flows.
• Find the present value of expected future net cash flows using a discount rate, which is usually the weighted-average cost of capital (WACC).
• If the value calculated through Panera Bread DCF is higher than the current cost of the investment, the opportunity should be considered
• If the current cost of the investment is higher than the value calculated through DCF, the opportunity should be rejected

Panera Bread DCF can also be calculated using the following formula:

DCF= CF1/(1+r)^1 + CF2/(1+r)^2 + CF3/(1+r)^3 + …CFn/(1+r)^n

In the formula:

• CF= Cash flows
• R= discount rate (WACC)

Panera Bread WACC

When making different Panera Bread's calculations, Panera Bread WACC calculation is of great significance. WACC calculation is done by the capital composition of the company. The formula will be as follows:

Weighted Average Cost of Capital = % of Debt * Cost of Debt * (1- tax rate) + % of equity * Cost of Equity

You can compute the debt and equity percentage from the balance sheet figures. For the cost of equity, you can use the CAPM model. Cost of debt is usually given. However, if it isn't mentioned, you can calculate it through market weighted average debt. Panera Bread’s WACC will indicate the rate the company should earn to pay its capital suppliers. Panera Bread WACC can be analysed in two ways:

• From the company's perspective, it can be analysed as the cost to be paid to the capital providers also known as Cost of Capital
• From an investor' perspective, if the expected return on the investment exceeds Panera Bread WACC, the investor will go ahead with the investment as a positive value would be generated.

Panera Bread IRR

After calculating the Panera Bread WACC, it is necessary to calculate the Panera Bread IRR as well, as WACC alone does not say much about the company’s overall situation. Panera Bread IRR will add meaning to the finance solution that you are working on. The internal rate of return is a tool used in investment appraisal to calculate the profitability of prospective investments. IRR calculations are dependent on the same formula as Panera Bread NPV.

There are two ways to calculate the Panera Bread IRR.

• By using a Panera Bread Excel Spreadsheet: There are in-built formulae for calculating IRR.

IRR= R + [NPVa / (NPVa - NPVb) x (Rb - Ra)]

In this formula:

• Ra= lower discount rate chosen
• Rb= higher discount rate chosen
• NPVa= NPV at Ra
• NPVb= NPV at Rb

Panera Bread IRR impacts your finance case solution in the following ways:

• If IRR>WACC, accept the alternative
• If IRR<WACC, reject the alternative

Panera Bread Excel Spreadsheet

All your Panera Bread calculations should be done in a Panera Bread xls Spreadsheet. A Panera Bread excel spreadsheet is the best way to present your finance case solution. The Panera Bread Calculations should be presented in Panera Bread excel in such a way that the analysis and results can be distinguished to the viewers. The point of Panera Bread excel is to present large amounts of data in clear and consumable ways. Presenting your data is also going to make sure that you don't have misinterpretations of the data.

To make your Panera Bread calculations sheet more meaningful, you should:

• Think about the order of the Panera Bread xls worksheets in your finance case solution
• Use more Panera Bread xls worksheets and tables as will divide the data that you are looking at in sections.
• Choose clarity overlooks
• Keep your timeline consistent
• Organise the information flow
• Clarify your sources

The following tips and bits should be kept in mind while preparing your finance case solution in a Panera Bread xls spreadsheet:

• Avoid using fixed numbers in formulae
• Avoid hiding data
• Useless and meaningful colours, such as highlighting negative numbers in red
• Label column and rows
• Correct your alignment
• Keep formulae readable
• Strategically freeze header column and row

Panera Bread Ratio analysis

After you have your Panera Bread calculations in a Panera Bread xls spreadsheet, you can move on to the next step which is ratio analysis. Ratio analysis is an analysis of information in the form of figures contained in the financial statements of a company. It will help you evaluate various aspects of a company's operating and financial performance which can be done in Panera Bread Excel.

To conduct a ratio analysis that covers all financial aspects, divide the analysis as follows:

• Liquidity Ratios: Liquidity ratios gauge a company's ability to pay off its short-term debt. These include the current ratio, quick ratio, and working capital ratio.
• Solvency ratios: Solvency ratios match a company's debt levels with its assets, equity, and earnings. These include the debt-equity ratio, debt-assets ratio, and interest coverage ratio.
• Profitability Ratios: These show how effectively a company can generate profits through its operations. Profit margin, return on assets, return on equity, return on capital employed, and gross margin ratio is examples of profitability ratios.
• Efficiency ratios: Efficiency ratios analyse how efficiently a company uses its assets and liabilities to boost sales and increase profits.
• Coverage Ratios: These ratios measure a company's ability to make the interest payments and other obligations associated with its debts. Examples include times interest earned ratio and debt-service coverage ratio.
• Market Prospect Ratios: These include dividend yield, P/E ratio, earnings per share, and dividend payout ratio.

Panera Bread Valuation

Panera Bread Valuation is a very fundamental requirement if you want to work out your Harvard Business Case Solution. Panera Bread Valuation includes a critical analysis of the company's capital structure – the composition of debt and equity in it, and the fair value of its assets. Common approaches to Panera Bread valuation include

• DDM is an appropriate method if dividends are being paid to shareholders and the dividends paid are in line with the earnings of the company.
• FCFF is used when the company has a combination of debt and equity financing.
• FCFE, on the other hand, shows the cash flow available to equity holders only.

These three methods explained above are very commonly used to calculate the value of the firm. Investment decisions are undertaken by the value derived.

Panera Bread calculations for projected cash flows and growth rates are taken under consideration to come up with the value of firm and value of equity. These figures are used to determine the net worth of the business. Net worth is a very important concept when solving any finance and accounting case study as it gives a deep insight into the company's potential to perform in future.

Alternative Solutions

After doing your case study analysis, you move to the next step, which is identifying alternative solutions. These will be other possibilities of Harvard Business case solutions that you can choose from. For this, you must look at the Panera Bread case analysis in different ways and find a new perspective that you haven't thought of before.

Once you have listed or mapped alternatives, be open to their possibilities. Work on those that:

• need additional information
• are new solutions
• can be combined or eliminated

After listing possible options, evaluate them without prejudice, and check if enough resources are available for implementation and if the company workforce would accept it.

For ease of deciding the best Panera Bread case solution, you can rate them on numerous aspects, such as:

• Feasibility
• Suitability
• Flexibility

Implementation

Once you have read the Panera Bread HBR case study and have started working your way towards Panera Bread Case Solution, you need to be clear about different financial concepts. Your Mondavi case answers should reflect your understanding of the Panera Bread Case Study.

You should be clear about the advantages, disadvantages and method of each financial analysis technique. Knowing formulas is also very essential or else you will mess up with your analysis. Therefore, you need to be mindful of the financial analysis method you are implementing to write your Panera Bread case study solution. It should closely align with the business structure and the financials as mentioned in the Panera Bread case memo.

You can also refer to Panera Bread Harvard case to have a better understanding and a clearer picture so that you implement the best strategy. There are a number of benefits if you keep a wide range of financial analysis tools at your fingertips.

• Your Panera Bread HBR Case Solution would be quite accurate
• You will have an option to choose from different methods, thus helping you choose the best strategy.

Recommendation and Action Plan

Once you have successfully worked out your financial analysis using the most appropriate method and come up with Panera Bread HBR Case Solution, you need to give the final finishing by adding a recommendation and an action plan to be followed. The recommendation can be based on the current financial analysis. When making a recommendation,

• You need to make sure that it is not generic and it will help in increasing company value
• It is in line with the case study analysis you have conducted
• The Panera Bread calculations you have done support what you are recommending
• It should be clear, concise and free of complexities

Also, adding an action plan for your recommendation further strengthens your Panera Bread HBR case study argument. Thus, your action plan should be consistent with the recommendation you are giving to support your Panera Bread financial analysis. It is essential to have all these three things correlated to have a better coherence in your argument presented in your case study analysis and solution which will be a part of Panera Bread Case Answer.

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