research topic kinesiology

221+ Interesting Kinesiology Research Topics (Updated 2024)

Kinesiology, the study of human movement, sparks a world of fascinating kinesiology research topics that touch every aspect of our lives. Imagine exploring fifteen different areas where movement science thrives. Dive into Biomechanics, then there’s Exercise Physiology, delving into how our bodies respond and adapt to physical activity – from endurance training to the effects of exercise on health.

Move over to Motor Control, where researchers unravel how our brains orchestrate movement, influencing skills like playing instruments or even everyday tasks like typing. Or explore the depth of Sports Psychology, understanding the mind’s role in athletic performance, from motivation to mental toughness.

From Rehabilitation Kinesiology to Cardiopulmonary Kinesiology, investigating the heart and lungs’ function each category branches into fifteen unique research topics. Picture a wealth of discoveries waiting in each field, inviting everyone to explore the wonders of human movement in simple, captivating ways.

10 Step Guide For Selecting The Most Suitable Kinesiology Research Topics

Table of Contents

Going on a research journey in Kinesiology begins with the crucial step of choosing the right topic. With its diverse disciplines having human movement, exercise science, and health, selecting a compelling research topic is major Here are ten strategic steps to guide your search for a meaningful and impactful research topic in the field of Kinesiology and they are:

Identify Your Interests

Start by exploring your own interests within Kinesiology. What aspects of human movement, exercise science, or physical activity intrigue you the most? Consider areas like biomechanics, exercise physiology, sports psychology, rehabilitation, or specific populations like pediatric or geriatric Kinesiology.

Review Current Literature

Run a proper review of existing research in Kinesiology. Look for gaps, unanswered questions, or emerging trends in the field. Pay attention to recent publications and ongoing debates that could spark new research ideas.

Consult Experts or Mentors

Engage with professors, experts, or mentors in Kinesiology. Discuss your interests and potential research areas with them. Their insights and experience can help refine your ideas and suggest valuable directions for exploration.

Consider Practical Applications

Evaluate the practical applications of potential research topics. How might your research contribute to improving sports performance, enhancing rehabilitation methods, preventing injuries, or promoting health and wellness?

Narrow Down and Define

Once you’ve gathered ideas, narrow down your options to a few specific research topics. Define these topics clearly, ensuring they are focused and researchable within a reasonable scope.

Assess Feasibility

Consider the feasibility of each research topic. Evaluate factors such as access to resources, equipment, participants (if human subjects are involved), time constraints, and ethical considerations.

Brainstorm Methodologies

Outline the methodologies you might employ for each potential research topic. Consider whether quantitative analysis, qualitative studies, experiments, surveys, or a combination would best suit your research objectives.

Seek Feedback

Share your shortlisted research topics with peers or academic advisors for feedback. Their perspectives can help refine your ideas and identify any overlooked aspects.

Final Selection

Based on the feedback received and your own evaluation, select the research topic that aligns best with your interests, feasibility, available resources, and potential impact in the field of Kinesiology.

Refine and Develop Proposal

Once you’ve chosen a research topic, refine it further into a clear research proposal. Define your research questions, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes in detail.

These steps can guide you through the process of selecting a research topic in Kinesiology, making sure that you select a topic that aligns with your interests and has the potential for meaningful contributions to the field.

Kinesiology Research Topics: 2024

Let us start this interesting journey and we will be guided by 15 categories and more than 221 kinesiology research topics. Here they are:

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80+ Kinesiology Research Topics

Are you searching for the most interesting kinesiology research topics? After all, the best grades you get on your next research paper significantly depend on the quality of the topic you manage to find. Your professor will want to read something interesting about your research.

Choosing the right topic will impress the examiner right from the start, and you might end up earning yourself some bonus points. These points can make a significant difference in the grades you will get. Here is a look at unique topics that you can use on your kinesiology research topics.

What Should You Write About In Your Kinesiology Paper?

Assuming that you are a kinesiology student majoring in human motion and movements, we are here to guide you on what you should write in your research paper. Note that kinesiology is in most cases applied in terms of rehabilitation after injury or surgery. The study aims to use motion tracking, electrophysiology, sports, and exercise to help both children and adults reach their healthy state of movement in their daily lives.

When writing your kinesiology paper, you should think of how physical activities affect human life both positively and negatively. You can also write about neuroplasticity. If you are not sure of the kinesiology argument topics you should use, then here is a list you can choose from to make your paper exceptional.

Controversial Topics an in Kinesiology

Do you want to sound like someone who understands kinesiology in detail? Get the best controversial topic ideas that will get your professor’s attention and help improve your overall grades. They include:

What are the depression and suicide rates among the young athletes of the United States?
Research on sleep disorders due to physical exercise.
Who not everyone can afford exercise physiology advice?
Why exercise fanatics needs some physiology advice?
A look at the most controversial exercise physiology techniques.
What are the effects of physical activities on human cells?
How has the athlete’s career changed in the past 50 years?
How did the Second World War impact sports regulations?

Hot Topics in Kinesiology

Want to write awesome kinesiology research paper ideas? Here are exciting research topics for kinesiology that you can check out and choose one that interests you the most.

A look at Kinesiology and what it does.
Why should athletes adapt to physical activities?
In what ways can physical activities be used to fight diseases?
What effect does physical activity have on neurons?
Arterial stiffness that is related to physical inactivity.
The health benefits of a whole-grain diet.
Dangerous sports rituals that have been banned worldwide.
A look at the history of Paralympics games.

Athlete Recovery Research Topics in Kinesiology

Are you searching for excellent athlete recovery research topics for your kinesiology paper? Here is a look at the top kinesiology research paper topics you can use.
What are the similarities and differences between methods of assessment of heart rates?
Describe the effects of the Ayurvedic drug on people recovering from injuries caused by physical activities.
What are the positive and negative effects of caffeine on athletic performance?
Is physical activity recommended for people who have heart disease?
What is the diagnosis and rehabilitation after getting anterior circulate ligament injury?
The best way to treat localization and mechanism trauma among the young female gymnasts.
Treatment approach for kids and teenagers injured during physical activities.
The role played by protective sports gear.

Anatomical Kinesiology Topics

If you are searching for great anatomical topics that will impress your professor, prioritize thorough research. But to make your course easy, here are unique topics to use

A look at motor teaching in Kinesiology.
Choose a muscle and analyze the anatomy.
What is motor learning in kinesiology?
An in-depth look at the synergies of muscles.
A look at the biometrics of intervertebral joints.
What is the gait pattern change that takes place during human life?
Men vs. Women who are more likely to get sports injuries?
The importance of warming out before any physical activities.

Current Kinesiology Topics

Keeping up with the trends is essential, and here is a look at the best current kinesiology essay topics you can try out in your thesis.

What are the best ways to monitor the onset of fatigue?
The benefits of using wearable are excellent when doing physical activities.
A look at hydrating testing and its benefits.
Discuss the significant difference between Universal California biometrics laboratory (UCBL) and insoles Research on the most crucial challenge in biometrics
How can we use technology to ensure that we stay physically fit?
Is using technology to ensure you are physically fit important?
The negative impact of smartwatches and physical activities.
How to use technology to ensure that your basketball team is fit.

Interesting Research Topics for Kinesiology

Our proficient writers and editors have compiled a list of the most exciting research topics for Kinesiology. They include:

The tech used in your body composite testing.
A look at the elevation training.
What is the maximum aerobic speed?
Effects of nutrition on physical activities.
What is the concept of neuroplasticity?
How does workout help in reducing depression?
Ways of increasing speed among tennis players.
What is the structure of the attack on soccer players?

Sports-Related Kinesiology Topics

Select one of our simple sports kinesiology research papers highlighted below if you want to write about sports-related topics. You can be confident that these topics will guarantee passing exams.

How can wearing the wrong shoe damage the athlete?
A look at Usain Bolt’s unique story.
What are the effects of practicing sports on people with various heart conditions?
Compare the sport traumas among the preschoolers and teenagers
What is the effectiveness of the elastic therapeutic tape with shoulder trauma?
Statistics of injuries in basketball and the ways you can prevent them.
How players exercise helps to train goalkeepers in soccer.
A look at the history of soccer development in China.

Dance Kinesiology Research Paper Topics

Writing about dance kinesiology is fulfilling. But at times, you might experience challenges choosing specific topics in dance kinesiology. If so, here is a look at some of the best dance kinesiology topics.

The kinesiology of salsa.
What are the peculiarities of hip-hop motions?
The theory and the manner of dance kinesiology.
What is the foundation used in creating dance ability?
What are the basics of dance for grownups with disabilities?
Can dancing affect your overall well-being?
How does training kids to dance from a young age affect their muscles?
How does dancing affect the blood flow?

Easy Kinesiology Thesis Topics

At times, easy topics that are well-researched will give you the best grades. Here is a look at some of the easy kinesiology thesis topics you can write about:

What are the best sources for education in the field of Kinesiology?
Methods and techniques that measure muscle stiffness.
A review of different kinds of flexibility training.
What is the proportion of muscles active during gait?
Why do scientists and coaches need to work together?
The sociological approach used in the formation of sports leaders.
Health and nutrition in athletes.
What are the dangers of sprains?

Pediatric Kinesiology Research Topics

Physical activities are crucial for the health and development of children. Make sure you choose exciting topics for pediatrics kinesiology to make your paper fascinating. Some include:

Does the school policy influence the physical activities motivation in children?
What can the United States learn from other countries about motivating children’s physical activity?
Ways that the disposition factors and situational factors generate physical activity motivation?
What is the health effect of physical activities in 3-5-year-old kids?
How do physical activities in children track later into their adult life?
How can exercise help children develop and sustain their mental well-being?
Does lack of physical activity lead to any condition during their adolescent and adult life?
The negative impact of intense bodybuilding in kids.

Get Kinesiology Paper Writing Help

When it comes to your kinesiology research paper topics, thesis, or dissertation, you should never compromise on quality. The quality of the research paper you write is dependent on how you handle the task. Getting kinesiology paper writing help from experts like us assures the best results.

Seeking assistance with your kinesiology thesis? Look no further! Our professional writing service is here to help. If you’re wondering, ‘ Can someone write my thesis for me ?’ – the answer is yes! Our experienced writers specialize in kinesiology research topics and can provide the support you need. Focus on your studies while we craft a high-quality thesis tailored to your requirements. Contact us today to boost your chances of thesis success.

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136 Kinesiology Research Topics: Fresh Ideas 2023

Kinesiology is usually taught in college, but certain high schools have classes that are closely related to this field.

What Is Kinesiology?

This field is responsible with studying human body movement and applying the findings to everything from sports psychology and conditioning to orthopedics and occupational therapy. Some of the main areas being researched are the mechanics of movement, as well as physiological, anatomical and neuropsychological principles.

If you are looking for the best kinesiology research topics, you have arrived at the best place. We have just finished updating our list of ideas, so you can now choose any of our 136 topics without having to worry about one of your classmates using the same topic. Our new list of topics is, of course, 100 percent free. You can use our ideas in any way you like, no credits required.

Elements Of A Great Research Paper

It is not easy to write a research paper for a high grade. If you want to write the best kinesiology essay possible, you need more than just our great research topics in kinesiology. You need some tips and tricks that will help you get the highest grade possible. To help you out, our experienced writers have put together a list of advice that you will surely find useful:

Keep in mind that the research paper should increase your readers’ knowledge of the subject.
You need to conduct research using only reputable sources (primary sources, as they are known).
All your sources should be properly cited and referenced.
The information should be unbiased and should be presented in a concise manner.
It’s a good idea to verify your information using several sources.
You are encouraged to start your paper with a literature review.
Keep your writing organized. It’s best to start your project with an outline.
Edit and proofread your work at least twice to make sure it’s perfect.

If you feel like recomendations are not enough to motivate you to complete your assignment, you still can buy custom research papers from our professional helpers. Now, the moment you’ve been waiting for. It’s time to take a look at our list of 136 kinesiology topics:

Interesting Kinesiology Topics

We will start our list with some of our most interesting kinesiology topics. If you want to get a top grade, you should choose one of these:

Discuss applications of kinesiology in healthcare
Talk about the role of kinesiology in biomechanics
Developing prosthetics using data obtained by kinesiology
Talk about the motor redundancy principle
Preventing workplace accidents
Talk about the best applications of kinesiology
An in-depth look at the neuroplasticity principle
Reasons to avoid physical exercise

Exercise Physiology Research Topics

If you are looking for some great exercise physiology ideas for your next paper, you’ve come to the right place. Here are some of the best possible exercise physiology research topics:

Walking uphill versus walking downhill
Talk about the biomechanics of the arm
What is elevation training?
What is body composition testing?
What effects does alcohol have on physical exercise?
Discuss the benefits of light jogging
Improving your mental health through exercise
A closer look at the biomechanics of the knee

Current Exercise Research Paper Topics

You will surely get some bonus points for writing about current topics; topics that are of interest right now. Check out our list of current exercise research paper topics below:

Latest developments in exercise physiology
Intervertebral joints and their biomechanics
What is bio-banding?
What are muscle synergies?
How do muscular contractions work?
Research the biomechanics of a joint
Breakthroughs in kinesiology in 2023
How important are vitamins for athletes?

Controversial Topics in Kinesiology

Do you want to write about something controversial? Do you want to dig deeper and talk about topics that none of your peers would ever touch? Check out these controversial topics in kinesiology:

Are weight loss diets dangerous?
Bodybuilding at the age of 7
Does physical exercise help you live longer?
Effects of HITT on the heart
Can kinesiology find a cure for diabetes?
Should athletes take vitamins and minerals as supplements?
What constitutes a healthy diet?
What makes Pilates a physical exercise?

Kinesiology Topics For College

Our writers have compiled a list of original kinesiology topics for college students as well. Here are our best ideas :

Discuss the maximal aerobic speed
What effect does nutrition play in a workout?
Should we exercise daily?
Physical effects of stress
Negative effects of intense physical exercise
How much fat do you need per day?
Growing muscle fibers: the good, the bad, the ugly
Exercises that can cause severe injuries

Advanced Kinesiology Topics

Do you want to talk about some more advanced topics? If you want to get bonus points and impress your professor, choose one of these advanced kinesiology topics:

Injuries in football
Repeated head trauma leading to Alzheimer’s
Is dancing a physical exercise?
How important is kinesiology in 2023?
Discuss the blood flow during intense exercise
How dangerous are sprains?
The minimum age for weight lifting exercises
Motivating children to do physical exercise

Kinesiology And Health Topics

Do you want to talk about kinesiology and its effects on health? If so, we have some excellent kinesiology and health topics right here:

Effects of caffeine on our health
What is a sprain?
Discuss insulin levels during workouts
The link between physical exercise and heart health
Can intense workouts cause muscular damage?
How effective is bike riding
Mental health effects of working out
Do athletes live longer on average?

Great Kinesiology Research Paper Topics

In this list, we have gathered all of the great kinesiology research paper topics. These ideas should work great in 2023. Check them out below:

Can physical exercise cause stress?
Developing prosthetics using kinesiology principles
Talk about the biomechanics of the wrist
Kinesiology helping athletes get better results
Treating sleep disorders with physical exercise
The importance of the warm up
An in-depth look at hydration tests
Belly fat and physical activity

Easy Exercise Physiology Research Paper Topics

In case you don’t want to spend too much time researching the topic, you should choose an easier one. We have an entire list of easy exercise physiology research paper topics for you:

Talk about the best cardio exercises
Fitness exercises your grandma could do
Discuss healthy fitness goals
Effects of physical exercise on depression
Physical exercise against cancer
Prosthetics developed using kinesiology principles
Pros and cons of mineral supplements
Can physical activity prevent Covid-19 infections?

Fitness Research Paper Topics

If you want to talk about fitness and all its health benefits, you will find a long list of fitness research paper topics right here. Writing an essay on these shouldn’t be too difficult:

Talk about traditional cardio training for athletes
An in-depth look at compound exercises for weight loss
Best supplements for bodybuilding in 2023
Discuss Tai Chi and its application to fitness exercises
The link between motor function and fitness
Talk about running as a form of fitness
An in-depth look at isolation exercises
Fitness and a healthy lifestyle in 2023
Mental fitness and its link to physical fitness
Talk about the importance of wearable fitness gadgets
Analyze safety standards in the fitness industry
Talk about the effects of cardio on the respiratory system
Talk about the health benefits of fitness

Physical Activity Research Topics

Students who want to talk about physical activity and its effects on the human body are more than welcome to choose one of these amazing (and 100% original) physical activity research topics:

How does physical activity affect the neurons?
3 of the best exercises for a flat stomach
Talk about healthy nutrition in athletics
The best exercises for your chest
Negative effects of intense weight lifting
The best exercises for your shoulders
Human cells and the effects of physical activity
Discuss the health benefits of a whole grain diet
The best exercises for your glutes
The negative effects of intense cardio training
Physical exercise: an effective treatment for osteoporosis
The best exercises for your legs
5 excellent physical exercises for your biceps

Good Exercise Physiology Paper Topics

In case you are looking for a great exercise physiology topic, you will be thrilled to learn that we actually have an entire list of unique good exercise physiology paper topics right here:

Talk about the benefits of Apple Watch for weight loss
Talk about great freezer meal ideas
The effects of physical activity on the cardiovascular system
Physical exercise prevents diabetes
HIIT exercises and their effects on the body
Boosting the immune system through physical exercise
Muscles involved in running
Barefoot running: good or bad?
Discuss how the skeleton helps humans keep their balance
What makes people flexible?
Effects of physical activity on stress levels
Talk about the formation of bones

Kinesiology Topics For High School

Are you a high school student who wants to write about something in kinesiology? No problem, we’ve got you covered. Choose one of our kinesiology topics for high school students:

How do fractures heal?
Analyze the benefits and risks of the Paleo diet
The negative effects of Zumba
Analyze the benefits and risks of the Vegan diet
Talk about the main parts of a workout
Mental health and fitness: the link
Analyze the benefits and risks of low carb diets
Analyze the benefits and risks of the Dukan diet
What kind of music should you listen to during workouts?
Discuss the stress relieving benefits of physical exercise
Analyze the benefits and risks of the low fat diets
Talk about the importance of keeping a regular schedule for physical exercise
Top 5 easy workouts for weightlifting beginners
Analyze the benefits and risks of the Atkins diet

More Controversial Ideas

If you didn’t find what you were looking for in our list of controversial topics in kinesiology, we have another list of even more controversial ideas. Use one of these ideas right now:

To warm up or not to warm up before physical exercise?
Can you lose fat in specific areas of your body? How?
Best exercises to lose belly fat
Human resilience to physical activity
Should stroke patients perform physical exercises?
The correct amount of protein you need every day
Is HIIT dangerous for your heart?
Maintaining correct posture during weightlifting
Yoga: is it physical activity or not?
An in-depth look at plyometric exercises
Talk about the fat and carbs ratio in the perfect diet
Discuss changes if athletic performance as you age

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51 Kinesiology Research Topics for College Students [2024]

Post author By Ankit
February 7, 2024

Kinesiology is the study of human action and physical activity. Research in kinesiology is vital to knowing how our bodies work during training and sport.

As college students interested in this field, we should know how research can improve performance, stop injury, and help people live healthier lives.

Studying biomechanics, motor control, exercise physiology, sports psychology, and nutrition science can give us new insights. However, doing live research projects in kinesiology classes is a great way to gain skills.

There are many engaging queries to explore through kinesiology research on your campuses. But, getting involved will prepare us for future careers improving health and human movement. Let’s go and find the top kinesiology research topics for college students.

Also Read: 130+ Mental Health Research Topics for High School Students: Unlocking Minds

Table of Contents

How Do You Find The Right Kinesiology Research Topic?

As we all know, picking a good research topic is crucial for writing a great kinesiology paper. Here are some tips for college students to find the perfect topic:

1. Think About Your Interests

Consider what fascinates you most in kinesiology – sports medicine, exercise psychology, biomechanics, etc. Selecting a topic you’re eager about makes research more enjoyable.

2. Look at Current Trends and Issues

You can browse current topics like wearable fitness technology and how they impact exercise habits. Also, analyzing trends can reveal exciting research questions.

3. Browse Kinesiology Journals and Publications

Titles and abstracts of journal articles can spark ideas for your research topic. See what other scholars are studying.

4. Talk to Your Professor

Ask your professor about their research and if they have tips for your paper topic. They may have ongoing projects you can help with.

5. Brainstorm Keywords and Concepts

Make lists of words and phrases related to your general interest area. Use mind maps and free writing to generate links.

6. Search Online Databases

Use keywords to scan titles and abstracts of papers in PubMed , Google Scholar , etc. Make sure to see what’s already been researched in your target area.

7. Consider Relevant Issues

Tailor issues like obesity, sports traumas or mental health benefits of exercise into a focused research question.

8. Think About Methods and Populations

Consider a specific research method or population to investigate, such as surveys or college athletes.

9. Make Your Topic Original and Focused

Avoid topics that are too broad. Narrow your research question to keep your paper manageable.

10. Ask Your Professor for Feedback

Meet with your professor to discuss your ideas. They can help refine your topic for success.

The key is picking a fascinating, focused question you want to answer through your research. With some effort, you’ll find the perfect kinesiology topic.

Tips To Write Scoring Kinesiology Research Paper

Here are some tips for college students to write scoring kinesiology research papers:

1. Choosing a Good Topic

Picking a fascinating, focused topic is key. As a student researching Kinesiology, you’ll want to select something specific that you can dig into, like sports injuries, yoga benefits, or muscle recovery methods.

It is good to avoid broad topics that would be impossible to cover in one paper.

2. Research Tips

Now’s the time to hit the books and online sources! Look for recent studies and articles published in scientific journals to support your paper with solid evidence.

It’s crucial to take perfect notes while researching to organize all your facts and quotes. Don’t just copy word for word – write info in your own words.

3. Creating a Strong Thesis

The thesis statement sets up your entire paper’s main focus and position. Make sure yours is argumentative, focused, and original.

For example, you could argue that certain yoga poses reduce lower back pain more effectively than pain medication.

4. Outlining for Success

Outlining gives your paper structure before you even write. Make sure to include your main points with proof you’ll use to back them up.

This helps ensure your paper flows logically when you get to writing. Please do this before drafting paragraphs.

5. Writing an Engaging Intro

Introduce your Kinesiology topic and give any background context needed to understand it. End your introductory paragraph with your main argument. You like to catch the reader’s attention instantly.

6. Paragraph Development

In your body paragraphs, expand on your main points. Use facts, quotes, examples and data from your research to support your claims. No doubt, good transitions between paragraphs create flow.

7. Wrapping It Up

End by restating your thesis in new words. Summarize your strongest evidence and main ideas without adding new info. This gives your paper a sense of completion.

8. Editing and Proofing

Now, read over your paper closely to check for any mistakes and to improve flow. It’s a good idea to have someone, like a teacher or parent, review your work to catch any errors you might have missed.

9. Citations

Properly citing sources avoids plagiarism. Follow the citation style guide from your teacher – maybe MLA or APA – to create a works cited page.

By following these tips, you can write in a way that leads to a high score.

10 Career Opportunities in Kinesiology

Here are the top 10 career opportunities in kinesiology

Physical therapist
Athletic trainer
Occupational therapist
Strength and conditioning coach
Cardiac rehabilitation specialist
Biomechanist
Prosthetist
Kinesiology professor

See the image on how much Kinesiology earns annually.

Image source: Salaryexpert

Final Words

From the above blog, it is clear that there are many exciting kinesiology research topics for college students to look into. Thus, doing these topics will allow students to learn more about how the human body that they don’t know.

Researching these areas allows students to learn how to improve sports performance, stop injuries, understand how the body moves, and promote staying physically active.

With so many options, kinesiology research enables college students to follow their passions and expand their knowledge in an exciting field of study.

How can I choose a kinesiology research topic?

Consider your interests in sports, health, or movement science. Research emerging areas and consult professors for guidance.

Are there interdisciplinary kinesiology research opportunities?

Yes, explore intersections with psychology, nutrition, engineering, and public health for holistic insights into human movement and performance.

How do I conduct kinesiology research as an undergraduate?

Start by reviewing the literature, formulating research questions, seeking mentorship, designing studies, collecting data, and analyzing findings.

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172 Amazing Kinesiology Research Topics To Explore Writing

Kinesiology is a discipline many college students offer. In contrast, some high schools offer courses closely connected to this subject. As a part of the learning process, different professors in this course give out kinesiology research paper assignments. The possibility of getting awesome grades in these projects relies heavily on the high quality topics you find. Besides, your lecturer will also want to read something fascinating about your study. The topic you choose also comes in handy here.

Are you worried about finding great topics for your kinesiology research essays? Do you want a research paper with immense potential? Well, look no further. You’ve come to the right place for the top kinesiology research topics. You can select from an array of 172 topics without worrying about another person choosing your topic. Journey with us as we help you understand more about kinesiology, its research paper topics, and other valuable information. Let’s go!

What Is Kinesiology?

This discipline analyzes how the human body moves and uses the results in anything from sports psychology and physical preparation to orthopedics and occupational therapy. The mechanics of movement and physiological, anatomical, and neuropsychological aspects constitute a few of the major topics under investigation.

Any student of this course learn ways to enhance patients’ physical mobility by applying a comprehensive strategy and concepts from anatomy, biomechanics, and psychology during class. Kinesiology degrees are becoming increasingly popular because you can use them in many different contexts, including health, fitness, sport, and recreation.

How To Do Research For A Kinesiology Paper

Kinesiology as a discipline can be tricky to navigate, especially when writing research essays. It would help if you often had more than excellent research topics to produce the best kinesiology essay possible. You need a few pointers and methods for conducting research for this paper. Below are a few proven paths you’d find helpful to get the best research for a kinesiology paper:

Build Curiosity: It can be challenging to sift through data and create a paper with any level of detail when the scope of your essay needs to be narrower. Most college research papers aim to find a potential response to a specific query on a topic. When it’s not too broad or too specific, a research topic aids in directing and concentrating your writing. It’s important to remember that the research report should expand the topic’s expertise among your readers.
Brainstorming And Preliminary Research: You need to come up with kinesiology research questions off the top of your head. It’s typical, to begin with an all-encompassing subject. You must first read to identify a perspective to investigate after completing some topic brainstorming, and even then, your inquiry might alter as you discover additional information later. Also, you should only use reliable sources, otherwise known as primary sources, when conducting research. Your references and citations for these sources must be accurate, too. Experts advise that you begin your work with a literature review. Your writing should also be orderly. Your project should start with an outline.
Pose Inquiries: Consider possible questions you could pose about the subject based on your preliminary investigation. Most scholarly research explores rather specific topics and looks at connections between ideas. Asking who, what, where, when, why, and how inquiries are one technique to condense the scope of your subject.In addition, you should convey the material succinctly and objectively. Because of this, verifying your information from other sources is a good practice.
Be Adaptable: Even if the introduction is the last section of your final paper that needs revision, it’s acceptable to keep changing your question because the goal should be to have addressed the one you posed in the introduction. Ensure your work is flawless by editing and proofreading it at least twice.

Interesting Kinesiology Research Topics

We’ll start off our selection with a few of our favorite kinesiology subjects. Select any of these if you intend to achieve the highest grade possible:

Why do some people have greater flexibility than others? Can exercise help us become more flexible?
Controlling our facial expressions
Can physical activity affect your nervous system?
How to encourage their muscle growth
How do you constantly keep your balance? What connection exists between your muscles, skeleton, and balance?
Exercise for health-Various ailments that therapeutic exercise can treat.
How many muscles do you employ for everyday motion?
The formation of bones The number of bones in an adult What about a newborn?
What kinds of bones do people have?
Describe how kinesiology is used in healthcare.
Discuss the function of kinesiology in biomechanics.
Employing kinesiology data to create a prosthesis
Discuss the concept of motor redundancy
Preventing accidents at work
Describe the most effective kinesiology applications.
An extensive examination of the neuroplasticity principle
Reasons to refrain from exercising
The technology used to test the composite of your body
A look at the elevation training
How fast can you exercise aerobically?
The impact of nutrition on exercise
What does the term “neuroplasticity” mean?
How does exercise aid in lowering depression?
What are the ways tennis players can pick up their speed?
What is the attack’s structure against the soccer players?

Controversial Topics In Kinesiology

With regard to kinesiology-related themes, there are numerous contrasting ideologies and debates. The what? Who is correct? There are numerous baffling questions you can write about that will give the impression that you are knowledgeable about kinesiology. These are a few of them:

How much carbohydrate do you need in grams?
Sleep issues brought on by physical activity
A healthy diet is what?
Does heavier resistance cause your muscles to grow larger than lighter resistance? What progress are you able to make with various forms of resistance?
Whether stretching should be done or not How do you prepare for and wind down from your workouts?
What does kinesiology entail, and how does it work?
Is running an excellent or harmful exercise?
High or low intensity How does this relate to the objectives of strength and endurance?
Regarding weight gain, loss, and maintenance, does it matter how many calories are consumed versus burned, or does it depend on how micronutrients are metabolized?
Kinesiology’s function in biometrics
Whether to raise slowly or quickly, How much resistance should I use and how do I measure it?
Should you use resistance bands for exercise or stay away from them?
What are the rates of depression and suicide among American young athletes?
Not everyone can afford counseling on exercise physiology
Why do workout enthusiasts need physiology guidance?
An examination of the contentious exercise physiology methods
What impact do exercise-related activities have on human cells?
In the last 50 years, how has an athlete’s career evolved?
How did the Second World War affect the rules governing sports?
Are diets to lose weight harmful?
Developing muscle at the age of 7
Does exercising make you live longer?
HITT’s impacts on the heart
Can kinesiology help with diabetic treatment?
Should athletes take supplemental vitamins and minerals?

Anatomical Kinesiology Topics

Students can learn about themes in anatomy kinesiology that provide clear, thorough information for comprehending and connecting anatomy that supports the bodily movement. If writing a paper on this topic is difficult for you, you can always use medical thesis writing services , which will help to get a great score with minimal effort:

The makeup of the bone
How does your life change due to a physiological response to various exercises?
Rehabilitation following an injury
The skeleton’s function
Muscle tightening
Body rapture
Repair of fractures
Masses and body parts
The hip’s biomechanics
The upper extremity, in general
Vectors and force
A look into Kinesiology’s motor learning methods
Pick a muscle, then examine its anatomy.
What does kinesiology mean by motor learning?
An in-depth examination of how muscles work together
A glance at the intervertebral joints’ biometrics
What is the shift in gait patterns that occurs during human life?

Exercise Science Research Topics

You’ve arrived at the ideal spot if you’re seeking several excellent exercise science research topics for your upcoming paper. Dive in:

How to keep an eye on weariness and offset
A thorough evaluation of the hydration test results
Procedure for biobanding
Chronological, biological, and technical ages differ from one another
Running as a fitness activity
Criteria for safety in the fitness sector
Exact, complex workouts to lose weight
Most effective leg exercises
Following exercise, muscle growth
Wearables’ significance in sport science
How can an athlete be harmed by wearing the wrong shoes?
A peek at Usain Bolt’s extraordinary life
What impact does participating in sports have on those with different cardiac conditions?
Compare the sports-related traumas suffered by young children and teenagers.
How well does elastic therapeutic tape work for shoulder injuries?
Basketball injury statistics and methods for avoiding them
Soccer goalie training benefits from how players work out.
A look at how Chinese soccer has evolved throughout the years
Discuss classic cardio exercises for sportspeople
Compound workouts for weight loss: a detailed look
The top bodybuilding supplements for 2022
Discuss the benefits of Tai Chi for fitness workouts.
Fitness and motor function are related
Discuss the benefits of running for fitness.
An extensive examination of isolation exercises

Kinesiology Physical Therapy Research Topics

Students are encouraged to select among these fascinating physical therapy study subjects to discuss physical therapy and its impact on the human body:

The three finest abdominal exercises
Discuss a healthy diet for athletes.
Which chest exercises are best?
Adverse consequences of heavy lifting
shoulders workouts that work best
The impact of physical therapy on human cells
Explore the advantages of a whole-grain diet for your health.

Pediatric Kinesiology Research Topics

You can help your kids stay fit and in shape by using pediatric kinesiology’s natural therapies. It can complement any additional therapies the child gets and is perfect for infants, toddlers, and adolescents of all ages. The following are a few of the research areas in pediatric kinesiology:

Does the school policy affect kids’ motivation for physical activity?
What can the United States learn from encouraging children’s physical exercise from other nations?
How do dispositional variables and environmental factors motivate physical activity?
How do physical activities affect children aged 3-5 regarding their health?
How do children’s physical activities translate into their adult lives?
How might exercise support children’s mental health development and maintenance?
Do they develop any conditions as adolescents and adults due to their lack of physical activity?

Dance Kinesiology Research Topics

You can find fulfilment in writing about dance. Sometimes, it can be difficult to choose topics within dance kinesiology. Then, let’s take a look at some of the most popular dance kinesiology subjects:

Can physical activity influence your nervous system?
Exercise to prevent cancer
The top chest workouts
Immune system boosting through dance
Can dancing ward off diabetes?
The muscles needed for dancing
Adverse effects of vigorous dancing
What impact does dancing have on neurons?
The advantages of dancing for health
Depression affects dancing
The salsa’s kinesiology
What unique movements are used in hip-hop?
The principles and practices of dance kinesiology
What serves as the basis for developing dancing ability?
What dancing fundamentals are there for adults with disabilities?

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Keep in mind that tested and trusted ways to do research for a kinesiology paper exist. Ensure your sources are solid, remember that your essay aims to educate its readers, and embrace flexibility. Coupled with the others we’ve discussed above, you can be sure they’ll lead you to craft a brilliant essay that’ll impress your professors and give you good grades.

What is a kinesiology research paper?

Kinesiology is primarily utilized during rehabilitation following surgery or an injury. A kinesiology research paper concentrates on assisting people and children in achieving their normal state of movement using motion monitoring, exercise, sports, and electrophysiology. Your kinesiology research paper should analyze both the advantages and disadvantages of physical activity for people.

What is kinesiology comprised of?

Kinesiology is an academic discipline that integrates the study of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, neuroscience, and neuropsychology. In short, those who receive a degree in kinesiology understand how to apply scientifically proven studies for injury and illness treatment and prevention using exercise-based therapy and prevention methods.

What can you do with a degree in kinesiology?

Kinesiology graduates can pursue a variety of professions. Students may investigate possibilities related to fitness, well-being, health, athletic training, strength and conditioning, athlete development, medical patient care, and research in sport management and marketing. Additionally, it serves as a springboard for prestigious academic disciplines, including medicine, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy.

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Kinesiology Research Paper Topics

In this page, we delve into the realm of kinesiology research paper topics , offering a comprehensive list that serves as a valuable resource for health sciences students. The field of kinesiology, encompassing the study of human movement and physical activity, presents numerous avenues for research and exploration. By categorizing kinesiology research paper topics into ten distinct areas, students can easily navigate the breadth of possibilities and find subjects that align with their interests. Alongside the extensive topic list, expert advice is provided to guide students in selecting compelling kinesiology research paper topics by considering their personal passions, existing research gaps, and the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration. By embracing these insights and embarking on their research journey, students can contribute to the advancement of kinesiology knowledge and make a meaningful impact in the field.

100 Kinesiology Research Paper Topics

The field of kinesiology is vast and dynamic, offering numerous fascinating research topics. Below, we have categorized a comprehensive list of 100 kinesiology research paper topics into ten main fields to help guide your choice:

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The role of biomechanics in preventing sports injuries
The impact of body mechanics on physical performance
The influence of footwear on running biomechanics
The importance of biomechanics in orthopedic surgery
The biomechanics of different swimming styles
The effects of aging on human biomechanics
The biomechanics of professional vs. amateur athletes
Biomechanics in rehabilitation from sports injuries
Role of biomechanics in developing athletic training
Exploring the biomechanics of weightlifting
The impact of physical activity on mental health
Benefits of aerobic exercise for cardiovascular health
The effects of resistance training on bone health
The role of exercise in diabetes management
Hormonal changes during endurance training
How does hydration influence performance during exercise?
The impact of age and gender on exercise performance
Physiological adaptations to high-altitude training
The influence of dietary supplements on exercise performance
Exercise in weight management and obesity reduction
The neurobiology of motor learning
The effect of exercise on motor control in Parkinson’s disease
The role of feedback in motor learning
Understanding the process of motor skill acquisition
Motor control differences in athletes and non-athletes
The impact of aging on motor control and coordination
The influence of motor learning on physical therapy outcomes
The effects of stroke on motor control
How does distraction affect motor control?
The role of genetics in motor control and coordination
The impact of mental training on sports performance
The effects of team dynamics on individual performance
The role of self-confidence in athletic performance
The impact of crowd noise on sports performance
The psychology of pain management in sports
Strategies for overcoming performance anxiety in sports
The psychological effects of career-ending injuries
The role of motivation in athletic performance
The psychological impact of sports concussions
Understanding the athlete’s mindset during competition
The importance of physical education in schools
The role of physical education in childhood obesity prevention
The impact of physical education on academic performance
Strategies for promoting inclusion in physical education
The benefits of coeducational vs. single-gender physical education classes
Implementing mindfulness training in physical education
The role of physical education in promoting lifelong fitness
The effect of technology on physical education teaching methods
Overcoming barriers to physical education in low-resource schools
The impact of cultural beliefs on physical education participation
The role of exercise in cardiac rehabilitation
Techniques for improving mobility after stroke
The effects of physical therapy on chronic pain management
Exercise programs for individuals with spinal cord injury
The role of kinesiology in occupational therapy
The impact of rehabilitation on quality of life in amputees
The benefits of water-based exercises in rehabilitation
The role of exercise in the management of osteoarthritis
Rehabilitation methods for sports-related concussions
Strategies for promoting adherence to rehabilitation programs
The effects of caffeine on athletic performance
The role of nutrition in muscle recovery after exercise
The impact of a vegetarian diet on athletic performance
The benefits and risks of sports supplements
Nutritional strategies for enhancing endurance performance
The role of hydration in sports performance
Eating disorders among athletes: causes and consequences
The impact of pre-game meals on athletic performance
Nutrition for injury recovery and rehabilitation
The influence of carbohydrate loading on endurance events
The impact of physical activity on childhood development
The effects of exercise on children with asthma
Exercise recommendations for children with juvenile arthritis
The benefits of physical activity for children with ADHD
The role of exercise in managing childhood obesity
The impact of organized sports on childhood development and health
Strategies for promoting physical activity among sedentary children
The influence of exercise on academic performance in children
Physical activity guidelines for children with heart conditions
The role of schools in promoting physical activity among children
The impact of aging on muscle mass and strength
The role of physical activity in preventing age-related diseases
The benefits of strength training for older adults
Exercise recommendations for individuals with osteoporosis
The effects of aging on balance and coordination
Strategies for promoting physical activity among older adults
The influence of regular exercise on cognitive function in the elderly
The impact of physical activity on longevity
Age-related changes in cardiovascular function: The role of exercise
The role of physical activity in managing arthritis in the elderly
The role of exercise in managing chronic diseases
Exercise as a treatment for depression
The impact of exercise on bone health
The role of physical activity in cancer prevention and management
The benefits of exercise for patients with chronic lung disease
The impact of exercise on sleep quality
The role of physical activity in preventing hypertension
The influence of exercise on immune function
Exercise guidelines for individuals with type 2 diabetes

Choosing Kinesiology Research Paper Topics

Choosing a compelling and relevant kinesiology research paper topic is a critical step in the research process. To assist you in this endeavor, we have compiled expert advice from seasoned researchers in the field of kinesiology. Consider the following ten tips to guide you in selecting an engaging and impactful research topic:

Follow Your Passion : Choose a topic that genuinely interests you. Your passion for the subject will fuel your motivation and dedication throughout the research process, resulting in a more meaningful and enjoyable experience.
Conduct a Preliminary Literature Review : Before finalizing your topic, conduct a preliminary review of the existing literature. This will help you identify current research trends, knowledge gaps, and potential areas for exploration within the field of kinesiology.
Identify Research Gaps : Look for areas within kinesiology that have not been extensively explored or have conflicting findings. Identifying research gaps allows you to contribute to the field by addressing unanswered questions or providing new insights.
Consider Interdisciplinary Perspectives : Kinesiology is a multidisciplinary field, offering opportunities for collaboration with other disciplines such as psychology, biology, physiology, and sociology. Consider integrating perspectives from other fields to enhance the depth and breadth of your research.
Seek Feedback from Peers and Mentors : Discuss your research interests and potential kinesiology research paper topics with peers, professors, or mentors in the field. Their insights and expertise can help refine your ideas and provide valuable guidance in selecting a research topic.
Focus on Current Issues and Trends : Stay updated on the latest developments in kinesiology research. Look for emerging trends, technologies, or controversies within the field. Investigating current issues can lead to impactful research that contributes to the advancement of knowledge.
Consider Practical Applications : Think about how your research topic can have real-world implications. Explore how your findings can inform best practices, interventions, or policies that promote physical activity, performance enhancement, or health outcomes.
Delve into Understudied Populations : Consider researching specific populations that have received limited attention in kinesiology studies. Examples may include children, older adults, individuals with disabilities, or athletes in niche sports. By focusing on understudied populations, you can contribute to a more inclusive understanding of human movement and physical activity.
Explore Cutting-Edge Technologies and Methodologies : Look for innovative technologies or methodologies being utilized in kinesiology research. Integrating new techniques, such as motion capture systems, wearable sensors, or advanced statistical analyses, can add a novel dimension to your research and enhance its impact.
Align with Your Career Goals : Consider how your research topic aligns with your career aspirations. Choose a topic that not only reflects your interests but also enhances your knowledge and skills in a specific area of kinesiology, potentially opening doors for future opportunities.

By incorporating these expert tips into your kinesiology research paper topics selection process, you can choose a kinesiology research paper topic that is not only academically rigorous but also personally meaningful. Remember to strike a balance between your interests and the potential for contributing to the existing body of knowledge in kinesiology. With a well-chosen topic, you will embark on a rewarding research journey that will enhance your understanding of human movement and physical activity.

How to Write a Kinesiology Research Paper

Writing a kinesiology research paper requires careful planning, organization, and attention to detail. To help you navigate the process successfully, we have compiled ten essential tips to guide you in crafting a well-structured and impactful paper:

Develop a Clear Research Question : Begin by formulating a clear and concise research question that defines the scope of your study. Your research question will serve as a guiding framework throughout the paper, ensuring focus and coherence.
Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Before diving into your research, conduct a comprehensive literature review to familiarize yourself with existing studies and theories related to your topic. This will provide a foundation for your research and help you identify gaps or areas for further investigation.
Plan Your Methodology : Determine the most appropriate research methodology for your study, whether it involves experimental design, surveys, interviews, or data analysis. Clearly outline your methods and justify your choices to ensure the validity and reliability of your results.
Collect and Analyze Data : Execute your research plan and collect relevant data. Depending on your chosen methodology, this may involve conducting experiments, administering surveys, or analyzing existing datasets. Use appropriate statistical analyses to interpret your data accurately.
Structure Your Paper : Organize your kinesiology research paper into distinct sections, including an introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Follow a logical flow that allows readers to understand the purpose, process, and outcomes of your research.
Write a Compelling Introduction : Begin your paper with an engaging introduction that provides context for your research, presents the research question, and outlines the significance of your study. Hook the reader and establish the relevance of your research within the field of kinesiology.
Present a Comprehensive Literature Review : In the literature review section, synthesize relevant studies and theories that inform your research. Highlight key findings, debates, and gaps in the existing literature to justify the importance of your research question and its contribution to the field.
Analyze and Interpret Your Results : In the results section, present your findings clearly and concisely. Use tables, graphs, or visual aids to enhance understanding. Interpret your results objectively, linking them back to your research question and discussing their implications within the context of previous research.
Engage in a Critical Discussion : In the discussion section, critically analyze and interpret your results in light of the existing literature. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of your study, address any unexpected findings, and propose future research directions to further advance knowledge in the field.
Craft a Strong Conclusion : Summarize the key findings of your research and restate their significance in the conclusion. Emphasize how your study contributes to the understanding of kinesiology and its implications for theory, practice, or future research. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.

Additional tips:

Use clear and concise language, avoiding jargon or technical terms without proper explanation.
Cite your sources accurately and consistently using a recognized citation style such as APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, or Harvard.
Proofread and edit your paper meticulously to ensure clarity, coherence, and grammatical accuracy.
Seek feedback from professors, peers, or mentors to refine your paper and enhance its quality.

By following these tips, you can navigate the process of writing a kinesiology research paper with confidence and produce a well-crafted and impactful piece of scholarly work.

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Functional Kinesiology in Health and Performance

Original Research 30 November 2023 Quantifying technical load and physical activity in professional soccer players during pre-season matches with IMU technology José Augusto Losada-Benitez , 1 more and José Carlos Barbero-Álvarez 902 views 0 citations

Original Research 29 November 2023 Effects of loading positions on the activation of trunk and hip muscles during flywheel and dumbbell single-leg Romanian deadlift exercises Ryan Chun Yin Mo , 4 more and Indy Man Kit Ho 2,024 views 0 citations

Original Research 13 October 2023 Muscle synergies in joystick manipulation Liming Cai , 6 more and Hui Liu 2,145 views 0 citations

Loading... Original Research 09 October 2023 Hip thrust and back squat training elicit similar gluteus muscle hypertrophy and transfer similarly to the deadlift Daniel L. Plotkin , 18 more and Michael D. Roberts 3,530 views 1 citations

Original Research 28 September 2023 Respiratory muscle training induces additional stress and training load in well-trained triathletes—randomized controlled trial Tomasz Kowalski , 4 more and Szczepan Wiecha 2,679 views 1 citations

Original Research 07 September 2023 Morphological and viscoelastic properties of the Achilles tendon in the forefoot, rearfoot strike runners, and non-runners in vivo Xini Zhang , 2 more and Weijie Fu 1,027 views 0 citations

Loading... Original Research 18 July 2023 Post-activation performance enhancement of flywheel training on lower limb explosive power performance Keqi Fu , 5 more and Indy Man Kit Ho 1,984 views 2 citations

Loading... Original Research 25 May 2023 Investigating the impact of inter-limb asymmetry in hamstring strength on jump, sprint, and strength performance in young athletes: comparing the role of gross force Dongting Jiang , 5 more and Shengqing Zhou 2,430 views 2 citations

Loading... Original Research 02 May 2023 Effects of a neuromuscular training program on physical performance and asymmetries in female soccer Alberto Roso-Moliner , 4 more and Demetrio Lozano 3,435 views 2 citations

Loading... Original Research 07 April 2023 Kinematic parameters and metabolic power in elite soccer players: A small sided a large sided games comparison Nemanja Zlojutro , 5 more and Kosta Goranovic 1,554 views 3 citations

Original Research 06 April 2023 Effects of single session transcranial direct current stimulation on aerobic performance and one arm pull-down explosive force of professional rock climbers Jia Luo , 6 more and Zhanbing Ren 1,112 views 0 citations

Loading... Original Research 15 March 2023 The effect of 8-weeks of combined resistance training and chocolate milk consumption on maximal strength, muscle thickness, peak power and lean mass, untrained, university-aged males Hakan Yapici , 8 more and Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna 7,518 views 1 citations

Loading... Original Research 08 March 2023 More than just a side effect: Dynamic knee valgus and deadbug bridging performance in youth soccer players and alpine skiers have similar absolute values and asymmetry magnitudes but differ in terms of the direction of laterality Jonas Hanimann , 5 more and Jörg Spörri 1,661 views 2 citations

Original Research Frontiers in Physiology Effects of different plyometric training frequencies on physical performance in youth male volleyball players: a randomized trial Jordan Hernandez-Martinez , 8 more and Pablo Valdés-Badilla 1,448 views 0 citations

KNES 6115: Research Methods in Kinesiology

Kinesiology/health databases, other databases, human anatomy.

How-To Videos

Health & Human Services Librarian

PubMed This link opens in a new window Contains millions of citations for biomedical and health literature from MEDLINE and other sources. To access full text from Atkins Library's journal collections in addition to full-text content from PubMed Central and open access publications, use the links provided on Atkins Library web pages.

The Cochrane Collaboration provides the leading resource for systematic reviews in health care. The CDSR includes completed systematic reviews and meta-analyses completed according to Cochrane's rigorous methods, and protocols for systematic reviews in progress.

Cochrane Library This link opens in a new window A collection of three databases (CDSR, CENTRAL, and Clinical Answers) that contain different types of high-quality, independent evidence to inform healthcare decision-making.
PEDro: Physiotherapy Evidence Database Citations and abstracts of controlled trials in physical therapy. Free or open source. more... less... PEDro provides free, public access to citations and abstracts of randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in physical therapy. Based at the University of Sydney, Australia, PEDro currently contains citations of over 11,400 randomized controlled trials and the contents are regularly updated.
CINAHL Complete This link opens in a new window Provides citations and full text articles primarily for nursing and allied health professionals. Coverage from 1937 to present.
SPORTDiscus with Full Text This link opens in a new window This database is a good starting point for sports and sports medicine research; it includes journal articles, books, dissertations, and other scholarly sources about nutrition, physical therapy, occupational health, exercise physiology, and kinesiology.
Trip Database Trip is a clinical search engine designed to allow users to quickly and easily find and use high-quality research evidence, including practice guidelines, to support their practice and/or care
Sports Medicine & Education Index This link opens in a new window This database provides a broad range of content from peer-reviewed journals, newspapers, and other sources on topics including physical education, sports medicine, kinesiology, coaching and training, and related subjects.
Academic Search Complete This link opens in a new window A great database to get started with for your research on any topic. Use it to search for articles from scholarly (peer-reviewed) journals, newspapers, and magazines.
ScienceDirect This link opens in a new window Literature across all fields of science and social science. Comprehensive coverage of literature across all fields of science and social science. Provides access to more than 850 of Elsevier's primary research journals, which focus on scientific, medical, biomedical and technical areas.
Web of Science This link opens in a new window This multidisciplinary database includes a citation mapping feature that allows you to track research across time, including almost 1.7 billion cited references allowing for comprehensive searches.
PsycINFO This link opens in a new window Provides peer-reviewed literature in behavioral science and mental health and is produced by the American Psychological Association.
SpringerLink This link opens in a new window Journals, books, and book series in the sciences including: chemical sciences, computer science, engineering, environmental sciences, geosciences, life sciences, mathematics, medicine, physics from the publisher, Springer-Verlag.
Google Scholar This link opens in a new window Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature.

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Last Updated: Mar 14, 2024 10:27 AM
URL: https://guides.library.charlotte.edu/KNES_6115

Kinesiology Journals

Quick Links to the table of contents of leading journals in kinesiology.

ACSM’s Health & Fitness

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

American Journal of Public Health

American Journal of Sports Medicine

Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology

Canadian Journal of Public Health

Clinical Biomechanics

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

Clinical Kinesiology

Clinics in Sport Medicine

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine

Current Sports Medicine Reports

European Journal of Applied Physiology

European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

European Journal of Sport Science

European Physical Education Review

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

Gait & Posture

Human Movement Science

Human Performance

International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training

International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

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Kinesiology, Physical Activity, Physical Education, and Sports through an Equity/Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Lens: A Scoping Review

Khushi arora.

1 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; [email protected]

Gregor Wolbring

2 Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies, Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada

Associated Data

Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

Background: Equity, equality, diversity, and inclusion are terms covered in the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity, including in conjunction with marginalized groups. Universities in many countries use various EDI policy frameworks and work under the EDI headers “equality, diversity and inclusion”, “equity, diversity and inclusion”, “diversity, equity and inclusion”, and similar phrases (all referred to as EDI) to rectify problems students, non-academic staff, and academic staff from marginalized groups, such as women, Indigenous peoples, visible/racialized minorities, disabled people, and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQ2S+) experience. Which EDI data, if any, are generated influences EDI efforts in universities (research, education, and general workplace climate) of all programs. Method: Our study used a scoping review approach and employed SCOPUS and the 70 databases of EBSCO-Host, which includes SportDiscus, as sources aimed to analyze the extent (and how) the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity engages with EDI. Results: We found only 18 relevant sources and a low to no coverage of marginalized groups linked to EDI, namely racialized minorities (12), women (6), LGBTQ2S+ (5), disabled people (2), and Indigenous peoples (0). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a gap in the academic inquiry and huge opportunities.

1. Introduction

Many different EDI-related phrases, such as “equity, diversity and inclusion”, “diversity, equity and inclusion”, and others [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], and EDI frameworks, such as Athena SWAN (Scientific Women’s Academic Network) [ 23 ], Australia (Science in Australia Gender Equity, SAGE-Athena SWAN) [ 24 ], the USA (See change with STEMM Equity Achievement, SEA-Change [ 25 ] and NSF ADVANCE [ 26 ]), and Canada (DIMENSIONS: Equity, diversity, and inclusion) [ 27 ]) are used to engage with equity/equality, diversity, and inclusion problems students, academic staff, and non-academic staff of marginalized group, such as women, Indigenous peoples, visible/racialized minorities, disabled people, and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQ2S+), experiences in higher education, including in programs focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity. EDI phrases are also employed by groups focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity outside universities settings [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. What EDI data, if any, is generated within the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity can influence the implementation and direction of EDI focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity in universities (research, education, and general workplace climate) and outside. Therefore, we used a scoping review approach to analyze to what extent (and how) the academic literature that focuses on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity engages with EDI. Our two main research questions were: (1) which EDI frameworks and phrases are present in the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity engages? (2) What themes, and which EDI marginalized groups, are present in the EDI coverage in the sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity focused academic literature? We discuss our findings through the lens of sports-, kinesiology-, physical education-, and physical activity-focused academic literature mentioning individual EDI terms. We also use literature around EDI policy frameworks and concept of ableism as lenses.

1.1. The Topic of Equity/Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI)

Many different EDI-related phrases have been generated in recent years, such as equity, diversity, and inclusion [ 1 ]; equality, diversity, and inclusion [ 1 ]; diversity, equity, and inclusion [ 1 ]; belonging, dignity, and justice [ 2 , 3 ]; diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]; employment equity [ 7 ]; equity, diversity, dignity, and inclusion [ 8 ]; equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]; justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]; inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility [ 9 , 11 ]; inclusion, diversity, equity, and accountability [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]; and equity, diversity, inclusion, and decolonization [ 22 ]. Furthermore, many EDI frameworks have been employed with the first being the 2005 Athena SWAN (Scientific Women’s Academic Network) [ 23 ] and others that followed, such as Australia (Science in Australia Gender Equity, SAGE-Athena SWAN) [ 24 ], the USA (See change with STEMM Equity Achievement, SEA-Change [ 25 ] and NSF ADVANCE [ 26 ]), and Canada (DIMENSIONS: Equity, diversity and inclusion) [ 27 ].

Work performed under these EDI frameworks and EDI phrases are envisioned to lead to systemic positive change for students, academic staff, and non-academic staff in universities as a workplace, in general, but also in the research and education reality [ 25 ]. Although the EDI focus is often on STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) [ 25 , 26 ] and EDI started with a focus on gender equality [ 23 , 24 , 26 ], the EDI focus, by now, encompasses all areas of universities and various marginalized groups, such as women, Indigenous peoples, visible/racialized minorities, disabled people, and LGBTQ2S+ [ 27 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. To quote from the Canadian EDI framework:

“Dimensions: equity, diversity and inclusion Canada invites you to take part in a post-secondary transformation to increase equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) and help drive deeper cultural change within the research ecosystem” [ 35 ]. “The Dimensions program addresses obstacles faced by, but not limited to, women, Indigenous Peoples, persons with disabilities, members of visible minorities/racialized groups, and members of LGBTQ2+ communities” [ 35 ].

However, many problems have been identified, in relation to EDI implementations [ 1 ].

1.2. The Individual Concepts of Equity, Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Sport

Studies focusing on sports engage with equity and equality, in the context of the EDI groups of gender [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], race [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], and LGBTQ2S+ [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], including through an intersectionality lens [ 52 ] of these three identities [ 53 ]. Coverage exists for the term’s diversity and inclusion [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] and Indigenous peoples [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Studies noted that women especially in third world countries continue to experience a lack of equity in sport [ 69 ], that women’s sports are underrepresented in media coverage and that women are underrepresented in sports careers such as sports journalism, sports media, and sport leadership positions [ 70 , 71 , 72 ]. The literature covers race equity in sports, especially of athletes of color, in many ways, such as highlighting the excessive number of penalties [ 47 ] or pressuring of black students into athletics [ 43 ]. It is argued that a lack of diversity in sports is concerning because sport facilitates group cohesion; therefore, underrepresenting certain groups within sports can lead to further segregation of those groups [ 73 ]. There is an emphasis on the importance of ethnic diversity within sports, specifically youth sports, as a team sport provides an environment for children to come together from all different backgrounds and engage towards a common goal [ 74 ]. These experiences are beneficial, as they play a role in the identity formation of children as they age [ 75 ]. Discussions of inclusion in sports usually refers to social inclusion and emphasizes that sports are a facilitator for social inclusion and community engagement [ 76 , 77 ]. These implications are significant for groups that experience a lack of inclusion [ 78 , 79 ], whereby the lack of support initiatives for females and, specifically, initiatives for gender equity in sports must be addressed [ 80 , 81 , 82 ].

1.3. The Individual Concepts of Equity, Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Kinesiology

Studies focusing on kinesiology engage with equity and equality, in the context of the EDI groups of gender [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ], race [ 87 , 88 ], and LGBTQ2S+ [ 89 ], including through an intersectionality lens [ 90 , 91 ] of these three identities [ 92 , 93 ]. It is suggested to perform equity audits [ 94 ]. Coverage exists for the terms diversity and inclusion [ 95 ], as well as for Indigenous peoples [ 91 ]. It is emphasized that “as our nation and society becomes more racially and ethnically diverse”, this diversity also translates to the “student demographic on campus”, meaning that the student body is becoming more diverse” [ 96 ] (p. 66). Therefore, it is important that the content of kinesiology education teaches reflects that diversity and addresses all kinds of people. However, it is argued that kinesiology education is biased towards whiteness [ 88 ]. Furthermore, it is highlighted that, even though students are becoming more diverse on campus, that diversity does not necessarily reflect the students in kinesiology programs [ 97 ]. It is recommended that kinesiology programs, both graduate and undergraduate, should make an effort to recruit more diverse students [ 97 ]. This need for diversity is addressed through the need for more ethnically diverse students, as well as more women in the faculty [ 98 ]. It is argued that if kinesiology programs include content on reducing inequalities and social justice, that will then help to “address societal problems within our communities” [ 92 ] (p. 271).

1.4. The Individual Concepts of Equity, Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Physical Education

Studies focusing on physical education engage with equity and equality, in the context of the EDI groups of gender [ 99 , 100 ], race [ 101 ], and LGBTQ2S+ [ 89 , 102 , 103 ], including through an intersectionality lens [ 104 , 105 ] of these three identities [ 106 ]. The same is true for the terms diversity and inclusion [ 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ], as well as for Indigenous peoples [ 115 , 116 , 117 ]. It is argued that a focus on equity is needed in physical education curricula [ 118 ], because the educators learn about physical education through their university experiences [ 118 ]. It is argued that, in order to increase inclusivity within the classroom, the importance of that must be emphasized in training programs that physical education teachers must complete before they are eligible to work [ 119 ], and teachers have to be confident in generating inclusion in the classroom once they graduate [ 119 ], a confidence they are seen to lack [ 120 ]. It is also argued that physical education training programs must address issues regarding diversity and diversity attitudes [ 121 ].

1.5. The Individual Concepts of Equity, Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Physical Activity

Studies focusing on physical activity discuss equity and equality, in the context of the EDI groups of gender [ 42 ], race [ 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 ], and LGBTQ2S+ [ 126 ], including through an intersectionality lens [ 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ] of these three identities [ 53 ]. The same is true for the terms diversity and inclusion [ 126 ], as well as for Indigenous peoples [ 62 ]. Regular physical activity is an important aspect in healthy living [ 131 ]; however, many “cities lack built environments that support physical activity” [ 132 ] (p. 1475). This is problematic because physical activity is a key indicator of health [ 132 ] and health equity [ 133 ]. Furthermore, socio-demographics influence whether one engages in physical activity [ 133 ]. For example, girls follow physical activity guidelines less than boys [ 133 , 134 ], and factors such as “race/ethnicity, household income, maternal education level, and perceived social status” [ 133 ] (p. 514) impact ones engagement in physical activities. With that, it is argued that a gender-neutral narrative, when addressing physical activity, is needed, and barriers originating with the social environment of a person have to be tackled [ 135 ].

1.6. The Individual Concepts of Equity, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Sports, Kinesiology, Physical Education, and Physical Activity: The Case of Disabled People

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities flags access to recreation, leisure, and sport in their daily life, including schools [ 136 ], as a problem disabled people experience. Equity, equality, diversity, and inclusion, as individual terms, are discussed extensively, in the context of disabled people, within the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical activity, and physical education [ 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ]. Debates are ongoing as to the meaning of diversity [ 113 ], different approaches to diversity in physical education curricula [ 113 ], and benefits for disabled students being part of physical education classes [ 143 ]. National curricula for physical education are seen “as an important vehicle for social policy targeting the inclusion of disabled young people” [ 144 ] (p. 291); however, at the same time, many problems are reported to still exist in 2021 [ 144 ]. These problems are detrimental to disabled students [ 144 ], and it is noted that these problems generated barriers for physical education to benefit from the increased motivation of disabled pupils to partake in sports after the London 2012 Paralympics [ 144 ]. Many problems have been linked to how the physical education faculty engages with disabled people: faculty awareness of disability mandates, limited faculty training, lack of knowledge of federal disability mandates, negative reactions to disability disclosure, failure to accommodate, train and support faculty on academic adjustments, assistive technology, and teaching strategies, as well as the failure to ensure faculty comply with reasonable accommodations [ 145 ]. Problems have been not only reported in the context of physical education. It is argued that “ongoing advocacy, support, networking in raising awareness and promoting inclusion and equality in both mainstream and deaf/disability organizations are necessary to empower and increase participation and leadership roles for deaf/hard of hearing girls and women in sport” [ 146 ] (p. 71), and there is a need to increase formal coach education of parasport coaches [ 147 ]. According to the World Health Organization, “much work is needed to achieve equity in physical activity opportunities, access, and participation for people living with disability” [ 148 ] (p. 91). It is also argued that: there are many barriers to the inclusion of disabled people in kinesiology [ 149 ], non-disabled students have to be more exposed to disabled people and their social realities in kinesiology teaching [ 150 ], diversity and inclusion have to be clearly defined and cared for in kinesiology on all levels from students to faculty [ 151 ], more has to be done to generate more research that “counters deficit thinking from a social justice perspective” [ 152 ] (p. 225), and kinesiology researchers should “challenge dominant (majoritarian) discourses through critical interrogation of oppression (e.g., people of color, women, and individuals with disabilities) and privileges” [ 152 ] (p. 225).

The Issue of Ableism

Disabled activists and academics coined the term ableism in the United States and Britain during the 1960s and 1970s to flag the cultural reality of ability-based expectations, judgments, norms, and conflicts. Many worked, and work is ongoing on the disabling and enabling use of ability expectations and ableism [ 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 ], covering the relationship between ‘non-disabled people’ and ‘disabled people’, as well as humans–humans relationships, in general, humans-post/transhumans, humans-cyborg humans, humans-non sentient machines, humans-animals, and humans-nature relationships, linking ableism to many social theories and topics. Some ability concepts are: ability security (one is able to live a decent life with whatever set of abilities one has), ability identity security (to be able to be at ease with ones abilities), and ability inequity, an unjust or unfair (a) “distribution of access to and protection from abilities generated through human interventions” or (b) “judgment of abilities intrinsic to biological structures such as the human body” [ 156 , 177 ]. Ableism not only intersects with other forms of oppression, such as racism, sexism, ageism, and classism, but abilities are often used to justify such negative isms [ 153 , 154 , 168 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 ].

Ableism is also used to call out ability-based discriminations against disabled people within the kinesiology, sport, physical education, and physical education literature [ 91 , 149 , 151 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 ], including the intersectionality of ableism with other isms and prejudices [ 186 ]. As to kinesiology, one study found an able-bodied curriculum encouraging ableist attitudes among kinesiology students and an invisibility of disabled people [ 184 ]. Another study covering kinesiology education found prejudice, discrimination, microaggression, and deficit language against people with disabilities and structural ableism [ 185 ]. One article noted that many students might question the isms related to one group, such as gender, but do not, for example, question other isms they might internalize, such as racism or ableism [ 187 ].

As to physical education, instructional ableism and microaggressions is flagged as a problem [ 191 ], and it is argued that physical education should enable critical engagement with ableism, which would entail a “different ability curriculum, which destabilises notions of normativity and challenges the status quo regarding ability” [ 194 ] (p. 518) and understanding that “the diversity of humanity through a ‘differently-abled’ framework as well as to critique the construction of disability from a deficit perspective” [ 193 ] (p. 1). Ableism is flagged as a useful analytical perspective in sports pedagogy to reflect on its discriminatory and exclusionary potential [ 149 ]. It is argued that there are competing ability-related narratives, such as the “global trend for (normalized) physical self-optimization on the one hand, and the struggle to achieve acceptance of (bodily) diversity triggered by the societal claims for inclusion on the other hand” [ 149 ] (p. 152). It is argued that ableism, as a lens, highlights that “stigmatisation, exclusion and disability cannot be ascribed to the individual; these are instead first actively generated by the discursive body image” [ 149 ] (p. 158) and reflects that “traditionally, imperfection has had no place in the pedagogy of PE” [ 149 ] (p. 155), as well as that PE teachers “instrumentalize the body” [ 149 ] (p. 162) and “tend to focus on deficits when dealing with persons whose bodies deviate from the norm” [ 149 ] (p. 162), which is seen as “an obstacle for full and equal participation for all young people in PE at school” [ 149 ] (p. 162).

Regarding sports, it is argued that ableism impacts social practice within sports, and ableism in sports has to be addressed [ 188 , 195 ]. It is argued that experiences and discourses around sports mostly internalize and take ableism-based identities as a given [ 183 , 188 , 190 ], and ableism is one reason for why disability sports have largely been ignored, in the context of diversity management in sports [ 196 ]. It is argued that it is critical to understand “ableism and how ableistic ideology informs sporting theory, sport science and sport management” [ 197 ] (p. 5).

Many studies cover individual EDI terms that make up the various EDI phrases in the context of sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity. However, to our knowledge, no study has, so far, analyzed whether the academic literature also engages with the existing EDI phrases and frameworks. That is important to know because EDI phrases and frameworks are linked to specific policy endeavors in the workplace, such as universities. How these policies are implemented impacts the research and education activities of and day-to-day operations in the fields of sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity. Our study aims to fill the gap and investigate to what extent (and how) the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity engages with existing EDI phrases and frameworks. Given that specific marginalized groups are the focus of the activities performed under the EDI phrases and frameworks, our study also investigated which marginalized groups are mentioned.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. research design.

Scoping studies are useful in identifying the research that exists on a subject [ 198 , 199 ]. Our scoping study focused on the research that engages with EDI, in the context of sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity. Our study was guided by the very policy premises of EDI [ 1 ].

Our study employed a modified version of a scoping review outlined by Arksey and O’Malley [ 200 ], as performed in another study [ 201 ]. Our research questions were: (1) Which EDI frameworks and phrases are present in the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity engages? (2) What themes and which EDI marginalized groups are present in the EDI coverage in the sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity focused academic literature?

2.2. Data Sources and Data Collection

We searched, on 22–26 May 2021 (14 December 2021, for strategy 2), the 70 databases accessible through EBSCO-Host, which includes CINAHL, SportDiscus, and Scopus (which incorporates the full Medline database collection) for English language data with no time restrictions, accessing journals that cover relevant content to our research questions. We searched for scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles in EBSCO-Host, and we searched for reviews, peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and editorials in Scopus. We performed the following search strategies ( Table 1 ).

Search strategies.

2.3. Data Analysis

To answer the research questions, we first obtained hit counts for our search term combinations ( Table 1 ), employing a descriptive quantitative analysis approach [ 202 , 203 ]. We obtained the abstracts, as part of downloading the citations obtained through Scopus and EBSCO-Host, using the Endnote 9 software. We removed duplicates within the Endnote 9 software and exported the remaining abstracts, as a Word file, from the Endnote 9 software. We then uploaded the Word file with the abstracts into the qualitative analysis software ATLAS.Ti 9™ for directed qualitative content analysis [ 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 ] of the data focusing on the research questions, meaning the abstracts had to cover EDI as a policy framework and not just engage with individual EDI terms. Both authors coded the abstracts to see which fit the inclusion criterium, and the full text articles of these abstracts were downloaded and uploaded into ATLAS.Ti 9™. We used a directed content analysis to add knowledge about the phenomenon of EDI and areas of kinesiology, physical education, physical activity, and sports that benefit from further description [ 202 ]. As to the coding procedure, beyond having judged the relevance of the abstracts for downloading the full texts, we followed a procedure we used before [ 201 ], as outlined by others [ 202 , 205 , 206 ].

2.4. Trustworthiness Measure

As to trustworthiness measures [ 207 , 208 , 209 ], the few differences in the analysis of the qualitative data were discussed and resolved between the authors (peer debriefing) [ 209 ]. Confirmability was achieved by using the audit trail, employing the memo and coding functions within ATLAS.Ti 9™ software. As for transferability, we provided all the information needed, so that others can decide whether to apply our study design to other sources or change design aspects, such as different keywords.

The search strategies generated 26 abstracts, of which 18 were deemed to have relevant content. The full texts of the 18 relevant abstracts were downloaded and thematically analyzed ( Figure 1 ).

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Object name is sports-10-00055-g001.jpg

Flow chart of the selection of academic full texts for qualitative analysis.

We present the themes in the downloaded full text articles in three sections:

(a) The first one being academic/educational setting, but not university, which was classified as anything that is related to academics (but not specifically to a university) setting; for example, research conferences that are open to all fields of studies and careers, K to 12 education, and other academic organizations.
(b) Non-academic settings, which primarily looked at sport facilities and organizations, recreational facilities and organizations, and general physical activity.
(c) University setting, consisting of discussions around different university institutions and, specifically, different areas of the faculty of kinesiology.

We separated the findings further by the following four areas: physical education, sport, physical activity, and kinesiology.

Furthermore, we separate the findings into the four common themes we found: (a) EDI recommendation/EDI needs, (b) EDI curriculum and teacher/educator/mentor role in EDI, (c) EDI literacy/EDI narrative, and, lastly, (d) EDI study results.

Finally, we separated the results according to which EDI group they looked at. If a source did not specifically discuss equity deserving groups, it was labelled as “no group”.

In each of the results sections, we first provide the frequency counts for the presence of themes we found. We only list where there was at least one hit for the theme. The themes that had 0 results are not listed in the tables.

3.1. Academic/Educational Setting

Within the academic/educational setting theme, the following themes returned no results and, as such, are neither listed in Table 2 and Table 3 nor reflected in the sub-headers:

- 0 results on physical education, in terms of EDI study results;
- 0 results on sport, in terms of EDI curriculum and educators and mentor’s role in EDI;
- 0 results on physical activity, in terms of EDI recommendations/EDI needs;
- 0 results on physical activity, in terms of EDI curriculum and educators and mentor’s role in EDI;
- 0 results on physical activity, in terms of EDI literacy/EDI narrative;
- 0 results on physical activity, in terms of EDI study result;
- 0 results on kinesiology, in terms of ALL the EDI-related themes.

Frequency of themes related to EDI and Physical education in an academic/educational setting.

Frequency of themes related to EDI and sports in an academic/educational setting.

3.1.1. Academic Setting and Physical Education

Edi recommendation/edi needs.

There were twelve findings, in a total of five sources, that discussed EDI recommendations/EDI needs, in the context of physical education in an academic setting. Out of the twelve findings, one of them discussed persons with disabilities, three of them discussed ethnic groups, and eight of them did not cover any specific EDI group.

The EDI recommendation related to persons with disability(s) in physical education settings was that regular contact with non-disabled children in physical education classes aids in the inclusion of those with disabilities in society [ 210 ]. The EDI recommendation related to ethnic groups discussed that, if students limit their interactions with the same or similar cultural backgrounds in the physical education class, it is then reflected in the student’s behavior and interactions in society [ 210 ]. This statement essentially emphasizes that it is important that students do not limit their interactions with other students of different cultural backgrounds and highlights that, if this type of behavior is happening within the classroom, it is very likely that it will also occur outside of the classroom [ 210 ]. Another recommendation that looked at including ethnic groups was that, in order to make education more accessible, we should look at multilingual or cultural resources that can engage more communities and, as a result, have more participants engaging in learning [ 211 ]. In addition, another recommendation for the inclusion of ethnic groups discussed the importance of culturally sensitive and inclusive pedagogy in the classroom [ 210 ]. Other recommendations that discussed physical education in an academic setting did not address a specific group covered by the EDI framework but discussed other EDI recommendations and the need for EDI in these settings. Firstly, the need for EDI was addressed through the importance of inclusive education. Specifically, it is noted that inclusive education means that all learners, no matter who, should have access to mainstream education, and inclusive education should benefit all learners [ 211 ]. A recommendation for inclusive learning stated that there are many resources available online for learning that can aid education to be more inclusive [ 211 ]. Recommendations for EDI and the need for EDI was also looked at, specifically in the physical education classroom and curriculum. For example, a recommendation emphasized the importance of establishing an inclusive classroom environment, where all students feel like they are included and belong in the classroom [ 210 ]. Another major recommendation was the need for educational curricula to cover EDI topics, so students could be educated on the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion [ 212 ]. To keep those creating curricula accountable, a recommendation was put forward that, if curricula fail to implement EDI frameworks, there should be consequences for such actions [ 213 ]. The need for EDI was also addressed outside of the classroom, specifically in certain research journals [ 214 ]. This study looked at one journal, i.e., The Recreational Sports Journal , and found that EDI was not discussed in a meaningful way during the time period of their study; it is very important to address this void and publish more papers that cover EDI topics [ 214 ]. It was recommended in this paper that the editor-in-chief and editorial board of the journal should generate a call for papers that are focused on EDI issues, as well as designate research funding to the topic of EDI [ 214 ].

EDI Curriculum and Teacher/Educators/Mentors Role in EDI

There were nine findings, in a total of three sources, that discussed EDI curricula and the teachers/educator/mentor role in EDI, in the context of physical education in an academic setting. Out of the nine findings, one of them discussed ethnic groups and the other eight covered no specific EDI group. In terms of ethnic groups, it was discussed that taking the initiative to build EDI curricula brings the opportunity to include more culturally responsive and cultural enrichment pedagogy [ 211 ]. The following findings did not discuss a specific EDI group but did cover the idea of an EDI curriculum and educators and mentors role in EDI. It was discussed that educators and mentors must make sure that everyone feels welcome, supported, and valued in their space, so students can achieve their goals and grow their talents [ 211 ]. Understanding the value that physical education has, in terms of building relationships across different groups of people, was addressed [ 210 ]. The idea that educators must reflect on their teaching styles and activities within the physical education classroom was highlighted [ 215 ]; in order to do so, it was said that this requires a deep understanding of the barriers and societal issues that minority groups face [ 210 ]. There was further emphasis on the fact that it is important that educators also teach for social cohesion and, when doing so, they must be careful to be aware of dominant versus minority groups and teach accordingly [ 210 ]. Overall, the idea that teachers must be aware of the impact that implementing EDI-based curricula can have for the children outside of the classroom, as well as the role they play in achieving positive outcomes, has been noted as crucial.

3.1.2. Academic Setting and Sports

There were three findings, out of a total of one source, that discussed EDI recommendation/EDI needs, in the context of sports in an academic setting. Out of those three findings, none of them covered a specific EDI group. The source was a statement that was put out by the Journal of Sport Rehabilitation for their commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion [ 216 ]. In the statement, they addressed the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion in research and provided some future recommendations and goals for their own journal [ 216 ]. They started off by openly embracing the concept of EDI and said that they want to maintain a culture that embraces EDI within their journal [ 216 ]. They further went on to say that they want to work actively to promote change through purposeful EDI initiatives, as well as publish more diverse research that can be translatable to a more patient diverse population [ 216 ].

EDI Literacy/EDI Narrative

The following source discusses reflections that occurred at EDI conferences [ 217 ]. This source did not specifically cover physical education, physical activity, sports, or kinesiology, but they did take the reflections mentioned in the conferences and mentioned them in the context of sports; therefore, we categorized these findings in this section. There are four findings in the one source that discussed EDI literacy and narratives in an academic setting, specifically research conferences. None of these findings discussed a specific EDI group. This source first started off by highlighting that one of the barriers to EDI literacy is connected to the fact that the EDI research that is broadcasted and discussed during conferences is not easily accessible for the vast majority of people who do not get invited to conferences; therefore, it is important that we have literature for people to learn about EDI through credible sources [ 217 ]. There was further discussion on the idea that statistics cannot represent the actual stories that are behind individual answers, and its stories can show us the intersectionality in a clear way [ 217 ]. In addition, it was said, in relation to EDI literacy, that positive stories can often deflect from the negative stories that make people uncomfortable; therefore, this can affect the EDI narrative [ 217 ]. With that in mind, it was said that it is important that we provide appreciative inquiry and not critical inquiry when we are analyzing negative stories relating to EDI [ 217 ].

EDI Study Result

There were seven findings, out of a total of two sources, that discussed EDI study results, in the context of sports in an academic setting. One of the sources covered all EDI groups, whereas the other source did not cover any EDI groups. The first source was a content analysis of equity, diversity, and inclusion in the Recreational Sports Journal [ 214 ], performed for the years of 2005 to 2019. The study results revealed that reporting participants gender was the only variable that showed improvement from the pre-to-post-EDI commission era [ 214 ]. In this content analysis, it was also highlighted that the most to least discussed issues in EDI research was in order from gender, race and ethnicity, social class, nationality issue, sexual orientation issue, disability issue, and non-traditional student issues [ 214 ]. It is important to take note that, out of the EDI groups we are looking at, the content analysis clearly highlighted that disability issues were the least discussed in EDI research. It was highlighted in another statement that gender was the most addressed cultural diversity issue, and there is little attention to topics, such as disability, nationality, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, or social class [ 214 ]. This content analysis also revealed that, out of the 200 Recreational Sports Journal articles that were analyzed, 18% addressed at least one equity diversity and/or inclusion issues [ 214 ]. Furthermore, it was also revealed that EDI issues were addressed in less than 20% of the articles in the journal [ 214 ]. The second source looked at the development of a model of diversity, equity, and inclusion for support volunteers [ 218 ]. In this source, it was revealed that sports volunteers experience a lack of inclusion on many levels and microaggressions [ 218 ]. It was specifically discussed that there is limited research that critically examines the experience of volunteers that belong to traditionally underrepresented populations [ 218 ].

3.2. Non-Academic Setting

Within the non-academic setting theme, the following returned no results and, as such, are neither listed in Table 4 and Table 5 nor reflected in the sub-headers:

- 0 results on physical education, in terms of all the EDI-related themes;
- 0 results on sports, in terms of EDI curriculum and educator/mentor’s role in EDI;
- 0 results on sports, in terms of EDI literacy/EDI narrative;
- 0 results on physical activity, in terms of EDI curriculum and educators/mentor’s role in EDI;
- 0 results on physical activity, in terms of EDI study results;

Frequency of themes related to EDI and physical activity in a non-academic setting.

Frequency of themes related to EDI and sports in a non-academic setting.

3.2.1. Non-Academic Setting and Physical Activity

There was one finding, through one source, that discussed EDI recommendations/EDI needs in the context of physical activity in a non-academic setting. This EDI recommendation/EDI need did not cover any specific EDI group. It was discussed that there is an “urgent need” to address EDI within intramural and recreational sports [ 214 ]. This recommendation and expression for the need of EDI also covers the topic of sports; however, we also added it in the physical activity section because intramural and recreational sports are commonly a form of leisure time physical activity and usually do not include those who play sports professionally.

3.2.2. Non-Academic Setting and Sports

There were five findings, in a total of four sources, that discussed EDI recommendations/EDI needs in the context of sport in a non-academic setting. Out of those five findings, one discussed women and ethnic groups, one discussed ethnic groups, and two discussed no EDI groups. The EDI recommendation and need to promote racial EDI within black women’s football in Brazil were highlighted [ 219 ]. This recommendation emphasized the importance of EDI, in the context of women, as well as ethnic groups. The EDI recommendation that was specific to ethnic minorities was that, without intentional recognition and efforts towards addressing racial disparities, we will not see meaningful progress, in terms of the leadership efforts, for EDI and, in some cases, could even result in more damage, if we do not address racial disparities [ 213 ]. This paper was specific to college sports and sport leadership; however, the paper applied this statement generally and, therefore, is categorized under the non-academic section. In terms of general sports in a non-academic setting, it was said that there is an urgent need to start addressing EDI-related audiences, issues, and topics within the field of intramural and recreational sports [ 214 ]. Furthermore, it was recommended that national governing bodies should consider implementing mentorship programs, take steps to limit the influence of social connections on advancement decisions, reduce barriers to participation, and provide training to reduce the presence of microaggressions and unconscious bias within sport [ 218 ]. Lastly, the need for EDI was highlighted by saying that an EDI framework within sport organizations is necessary for success of that sport organization [ 218 ].

There were eight findings, out of a total of three sources, that presented EDI study results in the context of support in a non-academic setting. Out of the eight findings, four discussed LGBTQIA+ topics, two discussed women, one discussed ethnic groups, and one discussed both women and ethnic groups. One EDI study result discussing LGBTQIA+ was that athletes have a fear of disclosing their sexuality or sexual orientation, in fear of discrimination from the sports industry [ 220 ]. Because of this, players will not disclose their non-heterosexual orientation, in order to avoid homophobic discrimination from their fans, agents, the media, and, lastly, their employers [ 220 ]. Furthermore, there was discussion on the question as to whether the equity law, as well as the law on positive action, are enough to promote the equality of treatment and opportunity, when it comes to the employment of LGBTQIA+ elite sport professionals, specifically football players [ 220 ]. Lastly, it was said that the acknowledgement of the presence and prevalence of homophobia in football is a more recent phenomenon [ 220 ]. An EDI study result highlighted that female representation and recognition in sports have yet to catch up to that of their male counterparts [ 221 ]. Furthermore, there is limited coverage that is specific to women’s sports; when women are presented as a topic, they are faced with arbitrary issues, such as femininity and sexuality [ 221 ]. Specific to ethnic groups, a EDI study result highlighted that, even though many professional athletes are people of color, those who want to be employed as coaches and managers are still facing discrimination within sport [ 220 ]. One of the EDI study results that covered both ethnic groups and women was that there is white male advantage in sports [ 217 ].

3.3. University Setting

Within the university setting theme, the following returned no results and, as such, are neither listed in Table 6 and Table 7 nor reflected in the sub-headers:

- 0 results on physical education, in terms of ALL the EDI-related themes;
- 0 results on sports, in terms of EDI study result;
- 0 results on physical activity, in terms of ALL the EDI-related themes;
- 0 results on kinesiology, in terms of EDI curriculum and Educators/mentors role;
- 0 results on kinesiology, in terms of EDI/EDI narrative.

Frequency of themes related to EDI and sports in a university setting.

Frequency of themes related to EDI and kinesiology in a university setting.

3.3.1. University Setting and Sports

There were four findings, in a total of two sources, that discussed EDI recommendation/EDI needs in the context of sport in a university setting. Out of those four findings, none of them discussed a specific EDI group. One of the findings presented the recommendation that, for the future of college recreational sports programs, those programs have a responsibility to address the needs of the changing demographic interests, as well as the diverse students on campus [ 214 ]. This source also addressed that, as there is growing diversity on college campuses, the future of college campuses must prioritize EDI [ 214 ]. Furthermore, it was recommended that the National Collegiate Athletic Association should have penalties in place for institutions that fail to implement EDI initiatives or for those that do not have any EDI initiatives in place [ 222 ]. In addition, recommendations around EDI frameworks and leadership strategies were also presented specifically by addressing that culturally responsive leadership strategies are important for achieving EDI in college sports [ 222 ].

3.3.2. University Settings and Kinesiology

The recommendation in this one source addressed that the kinesiology program design can use student narratives and experiences to make the shift from neutral documents and pedagogy to ones that expose and work towards dismantling Eurocentricity within the field of study [ 87 ].

4. Discussion

The objective of this study was to ascertain to what extent (and how) the academic literature focusing on sports, kinesiology, physical education, and physical activity engages with the various EDI phrases and frameworks, as well as which of the marginalized groups covered under EDI are mentioned in the literature covered.

We found only 18 relevant hits with all our search strategies, whereby the EDI frameworks were not at all found. Only ‘sport*’ generated any hits related to EDI phrases; the other three fields did not. The majority of our findings were based on the presence of all the individual EDI terms, but not as phrases; within these sources, the term “sport*” was the most linked to EDI, with much less physical activity or physical education and even less kinesiology. On top, we found a very low to no coverage of marginalized groups normally linked to EDI, namely racialized minorities (12), women (6), LGBTQ2S+ (5), disabled people (2), and Indigenous peoples (0), within the already low coverage of EDI.

Altogether, our findings suggest a huge gap in the academic inquiry and huge opportunities for research on EDI within sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology by themselves, but also in collaborations with many other fields and groups, such as disability studies and other identity group studies, social justice studies, education, media studies, global south focused studies, sustainability studies, socially disadvantaged groups, practitioners, and policy makers. Given that ableism is employed in the academic literature covering sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, we especially see opportunities for sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology academic efforts to use the ableism lens to enrich the EDI discourses. For the remainder of the section, we discuss the problems of our findings, using as lenses: (a) the academic literature related to physical education, sport, physical activity, and kinesiology, individually covering the terms equity, equality, inclusion, and diversity; (b) the premise of the EDI frameworks and phrases, in general, as well as in the context of disabled people; and (c) ableism experienced by disabled people, but also beyond.

4.1. The EDI Policy Frameworks

Efforts performed under the EDI frameworks and EDI policy terms are envisioned to lead to systemic positive change for students, academic staff, and non-academic staff in universities, as a workplace, in general, but also in the research and education reality in universities [ 1 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. To quote from the Canadian EDI framework DIMENSIONS: Equity, diversity, and inclusion: “Canada invites you to take part in a post-secondary transformation to increase equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) and help drive deeper cultural change within the research ecosystem” [ 35 ] and “The Dimensions program addresses obstacles faced by, but not limited to, women, Indigenous Peoples, persons with disabilities, members of visible minorities/racialized groups, and members of LGBTQ2+ communities” [ 35 ].

Given this sweeping mandate for positive systemic and cultural changes EDI actions are to engender, much more should have been found in our searches that link sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology to EDI policy frameworks and phrases with particular emphasis on the EDI targeted groups. However, our findings are not surprising, as the EDI frameworks and phrases are rarely visible in other contexts either, such as disabled people, in general [ 1 ]. However, given the very focus of sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, namely their narratives around the ability of the body and social role of sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, we suggest they are uniquely situated to contribute and critically analyze EDI discourses, including the ability premises of EDI discourses. Furthermore, disabled students, graduate and undergraduate, are uniquely situated to contribute to this analysis, but there are problems to achieve that goal for disabled students on the undergraduate and graduate levels [ 1 , 223 , 224 ].

4.2. Individual EDI Terms in Sport, Physical Education, Physical Activity, and Kinesiology

In sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, the individual terms of equity, equality, diversity, and inclusion are discussed, in the context of the EDI groups of gender, race, LGBTQ2S+ [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ], and Indigenous people [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 115 , 116 , 117 ], including using an intersectionality lens [ 52 , 53 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. Individual EDI terms are also discussed in sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, in the context of disabled people [ 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 149 ], whereby the very meaning of the individual terms, such as diversity and inclusion, are debated [ 113 , 151 ]. All these documents suggest that there could, and should, have been much more coverage of the EDI phrases and frameworks than we found. Our findings are another example of a disconnect between policy terms, frameworks, and existing academic literature. Our findings also suggests that the very conceptual thinking around EDI and sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology might be underdeveloped. Using individual terms, such as equity, equality, diversity, and inclusion, is much easier than using a framework that uses them together (equity, diversity, and inclusion; equality, diversity, and inclusion). Indeed, discussions are ongoing how to fill the individual terms with meaning in the EDI policy frameworks, and more terms are added to these phrases, such as belonging, justice, dignity, accessibility, accountability, and decolonization [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], suggesting that the initial EDI phrases did not lead to the desired EDI changes anticipated. These ongoing discussions suggest an opening for the academic engagement with the EDI arena in the university setting by sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology. Then the problems and actions flagged as needed in the academic literature covering sport, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, as well as the individual EDI terms, are reasons, by themselves, that there could (and should) be more academic engagement of sport, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology with the EDI phrases and frameworks, in order to generate data on how to make them useful. The existing literature suggests the possibilities of interdisciplinary collaborations on EDI between sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, as well as other academic fields, where problems of marginalized groups, in the context of sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, are noted, such as media studies [ 70 , 71 , 72 ], departments and programs that cover the global south [ 69 ], teacher education (including physical education teachers) [ 113 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 149 , 150 , 151 ], and fields covering health, environmental design, and urban design [ 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ]. EDI engagement by sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology could be used to engage with many social problems in the community linked to sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, as well as problems flagged within university settings of sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, such as group cohesion [ 73 , 74 ], identity formation [ 75 ], need for changing curricula [ 88 , 96 , 97 ], need for diversifying students and faculty [ 97 , 98 ], and need for questioning oppressive discourses and privileges [ 152 ].

4.3. The Issue of Ableism

Ableism is a term coined by disabled activists and academics to flag the cultural reality of ability-based expectations, judgments, norms, and conflicts [ 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 ]. Ableism is also used as a conceptual framework, to call out ability-based discriminations against disabled people within the kinesiology, sports, physical education, and physical education literature [ 91 , 149 , 151 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 ]. Ableism is seen as one reason for the invisibility of disabled people and their problems in many subject topics and degrees [ 196 ], and it is argued that it is critical to understand “ableism and how ableistic ideology informs sporting theory, sport science and sport management” [ 197 ] (p. 5), and a “different ability curriculum, which destabilises notions of normativity and challenges the status quo regarding ability” is needed [ 194 ] (p. 518). As such, the problems indicated in sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, under the concept of ableism, suggest the need for critical evaluation of EDI frameworks and policies developed under EDI phrases that are applied to disabled people, which sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology are well situated to provide. However, ableism is more useful.

Ableism beyond Disabled People

The cultural reality of ableism is intersectional [ 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 ]. The intersectionality of experiencing different forms of isms, including ableism and problematic ability, linked prejudices, perceptions, microaggression, discrimination, language, and attitudes toward disabled people and others are highlighted in the education of students and curricula in sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology [ 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 191 , 193 ]. It is argued that experiences and discourses around sport often favor and internalize ableism [ 183 , 187 , 190 ]. However, the very cultural reality of ableism goes beyond being part of a list of isms. Ableism is used to enable other negative isms, such as sexism, racism, classism, and ageism, that have, at their core, ability judgments [ 153 , 154 , 182 ]. Masculinity and supercrip identities, mentioned in [ 183 ], are not just internalized identities similar to the ableism identity mentioned in [ 183 ]; abilities are used to justify masculinity by itself, indeed masculinity is seen as an essential ability and a lack of such is used to question certain social groups [ 182 ]. Ableism is flagged as a useful analytical perspective in sports pedagogy to reflect on its discriminatory and exclusionary potential [ 149 ]; there are there are competing ability-related narratives [ 149 ]. Ableism could be used by sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology as a conceptual framework to engage with all EDI covered groups, because all EDI groups are judged based on abilities (body-derived, culture-derived). We think sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology are uniquely positioned to engage with, and enrich, the discussions around the cultural intersectional reality of ability-based expectations, judgments, norms, and conflicts, in conjunction with EDI frameworks and policy work. Sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology can make use of many ability concepts, such as internalized ableism [ 168 ], ability privilege [ 225 ], ability security (one is able to live a decent life with whatever set of abilities one has), ability identity security (to be able to be at ease with ones abilities), and ability inequity, an unjust or unfair (a) “distribution of access to and protection from abilities generated through human interventions” or (b) “judgment of abilities intrinsic to biological structures such as the human body” [ 156 , 177 ] to enrich the EDI discussions. Sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology can enrich the ability-based EDI discussions, as well, by engaging with the area of human body ability enhancements obtained through, for example, drugs, genetic and cybernetic interventions, the linked consequences of ability creeps (expecting more and more abilities of the human body; physical, mental and cognitive), and ability obsolescence [ 226 ].

4.4. Limitations

The search was limited to two academic databases and English language literature. As such, the findings are not to be generalized to the whole academic literature, non-academic literature, or non-English literature. These findings, however, allow conclusions to be made, within the parameters of the searches.

5. Conclusions and Future Research

The low hits we obtained in our scoping review suggests a gap in academic inquiry around EDI and sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology. Many research projects could evaluate the existing EDI frameworks and EDI phrases, through the lens of sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology. One could answer the following research questions: What do the EDI phrases mean for sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology? Which phrases are the most suitable for sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology? Do words have to be added to the phrases? Why has the academic literature in sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology not engaged with the phrases and frameworks yet? What are the societal consequences of sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology not generating academic data and engaging with the EDI frameworks and phrases? Answers to these questions can be obtained conceptually for sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology, with surveys and interviews covering EDI-deserving groups on the level of students, academic staff, and non-academic staff. This research can engage with workplace climate, education, and research realities. For example, in a 2019 Statistics Canada survey, it is stated that 35% of disabled university professors, instructors, teachers, or researchers “experienced unfair treatment or discrimination in the past 12 months”, and 47% saw themselves “subjected to at least one type of harassment in the past 12 months” [ 227 ]. Within this survey, the numbers for disabled university professors, instructors, teachers, or researchers are the highest of all groups listed [ 227 ]. The respective numbers for “no self-reported disability” were 15.4% and 26.0%; “female gender” were 23.0% and 34.0%; “visible minorities” were 23.0% and 28.0%; and “indigenous identity” were 30.0% and 37.0%” [ 1 ] (p. 5). Such a reality must impact the implementation of positive systemic and cultural EDI changes in universities. One could generate numbers specific for sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology activities at universities. We also suggest that sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology activities at universities are uniquely situated to perform conceptual and empirical work on linking ableism to EDI in their areas and beyond. We suggest that sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology all focus on the body, and the body is the primary source of ability judgments. These judgments are then used to enable some groups/individuals over others or disable some groups/individuals. We see sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology to be uniquely situated to engage with the linkage of body ability judgments and non-body linked abilities, such as competitiveness, productivity, or the ability to have a good life [ 228 ]. We also see that sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology uniquely positioned to generate and run ability-based surveys that could enrich EDI discourses.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, G.W. and K.A.; methodology, G.W. and K.A.; formal analysis, K.A. and G.W.; investigation, K.A. and G.W.; writing—original draft preparation, K.A. and G.W.; writing—review and editing, G.W. and K.A.; supervision, G.W.; project administration, G.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Before you develop your research topic or question, you'll need to do some background research first.

Some good places to find background information:

Your textbook or class readings
Encyclopedias and reference books
Credible websites
Library databases

Try the library databases below to explore your topic. When you're ready, move on to refining your topic.

Find Background Information:

GALE EBOOKS This link opens in a new window Gale Virtual Reference Library's powerful delivery platform puts your reference content into circulation. Researchers will have the power to Search and share results, Create mark lists, Track research through search history, Share articles using InfoTrac InfoMarks and more.
GALE IN CONTEXT, Opposing Viewpoints This link opens in a new window A full-text resource covering today's hottest social issues, from Terrorism to Endangered Species, Stem Cell Research to Gun Control. Drawing on the series published by Greenhaven Press and other Gale imprints, Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center brings together information that's needed to understand an issue: pro & con viewpoint articles, reference articles that provide context, full-text magazines, academic journals, and newspapers, primary source documents, organizational statistics, & more.

Now that you've done some background research, it's time to narrow your topic. Remember: the shorter your final paper, the narrower your topic needs to be. Here are some suggestions for narrowing and defining your topic:

Is there a specific subset of the topic you can focus on?
Is there a cause and effect relationship you can explore?
Is there an unanswered question on the subject?
Can you focus on a specific time period or group of people?

Describe and develop your topic in some detail. Try filling in the blanks in the following sentence, as much as you can:

I want to research ____ (what/who) ____

and ____ (what/who) ____

in ____ (where) ____

during ____ (when) ____

because ____ (why) ____.

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Last Updated: Dec 21, 2023 2:20 PM
URL: https://guides.lib.uni.edu/kinesiology

Kinesiology: Developing Topics & Research Questions

About this Guide
What Are Databases?
About & Finding Databases
Developing Topics & Research Questions
Journal & Magazine Articles
Finding Streaming Videos
Evaluating Information
Citing Sources
Getting Research Help

Developing a Research Question Takes Research

When the scope of your paper is too big, it's hard to dig through information and to write a paper wit any depth. The goal of most research papers in college is to seek a possible answer to a particular questions related to a topic. A research question, when not too broad or too narrow, helps guide and focus your paper.

The question should also be one in which you haven't decided on a pre-determined answer. You may find that looking for sources that provide a certain answer may be too limiting. The answer you are expecting might not be supported by evidence.

Brainstorm & do some pre-research

The research question isn't a question you make up at the top of your head. It's normal to start with a broad topic in mind. After doing some brainstorming about a topic, you will need to do some reading to find an angle to pursue, and, even then, your question may change as you find more information later.

Ask questions

From your pre-research, think about questions you might be able to ask regarding the topic. Most scholarly research examines fairly narrow topics and looks at relationships between concepts. One way to limit the scope of your topic is to ask who, what, where, when, why, and how questions.

Be flexible

It's okay to continue to tweak your question; the end result should be that you have answered the question you've laid out in the introduction, even if the introduction is the last paragraph you actually end up revising in your final paper.

Picking Your Topic IS Research

North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries, 3:10

OER Book Chapters

The Qualities of a Good Research Question from LibreTexts
Research Questions from Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research, Teaching & Learning, Ohio State University Libraries

Research is a Process

Anna Eisen (2:35)

Encourages students to develop background knowledge to create a research question. Research questions should have topic, question and significance. The narrator suggests using the following formulation: I’m studying _______________ to investigate ______________ in order to understand. Complex research questions take time to create.

Keeping your research question in mind, if you can answer TRUE to the statements below, your research question is probably workable.

It cannot simply be answered with a yes/no.
It has social significance/a problem associated with it.
There is reliable evidence available to address it.
It has appropriate scope.

Be careful about investigating questions that you think you already have the answer to.

Choosing a Manageable Research Topic

PfauLibrary (3:42)

<< Previous: About & Finding Databases
Next: Journal & Magazine Articles >>
Last Updated: Feb 12, 2024 12:12 PM
URL: https://libguides.mccd.edu/_Kinesiology

Resources for: Kinesiology

Have questions.

Contact me for research help on this subject.

Start with:

SPORTDiscus Excellent starting point for research across the breadth of Kinesiolog. Includes both scholarly and popular sources, but you can filter using the left side bar.
Google Scholar (Setup connection to get to PDFs) Use Google Scholar to find articles from academic publishers, professional societies, research institutes, and scholarly repositories from colleges and universities. If you are using from off-campus access, change the "Library Settings" to University of Minnesota Twin Cities. Look for the "FindIt@U of M Twin Cities" links in your Google Scholar search results to access full text and PDFs. View this tutorial to learn how to go from a general idea to a very precise set of results of journal articles and scholarly materials.
Academic Search Premier This multidisciplinary database is a great place to start on a breadth of topics. Click "Choose Databases" above the search box to add additional EBSCO databases to your search - for example to search across both it and SportDiscus simultaneously.
Scopus Search for information from scientific journals, books and conference proceedings. Covers the fields of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, and arts and humanities.

Then try any of the following:

PubMed Searches MEDLINE, which is the primary source of journal articles for the health sciences (fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, public health, health care systems, and basic sciences). Coverage is from the 1940s to the present. View this tutorial to learn how to go from a general idea to a very precise set of results of journal articles and scholarly materials.
APA PsycInfo Particularly useful for Sport Psychology, Coaching, and topics related to motivation or learning.
Sports Market Analytics (SBRnet) Contains research data on the entire sports market including, consumer expenditures, brand share, participation, attendance and statistics about sport facilities, TV viewership, directories and full text articles from specialized sports industry magazines.
CINAHL Ultimate (Nursing & Allied Health) Covers nursing and allied health journal articles, book chapters, and dissertations, as well as providing summarized evidence-based resources such as care sheets and quick lessons.

Also check out:

[email protected] A detailed, interactive, 3D model of human anatomy with customized, downloadable images. Focuses on muscles, ligaments, nerves, veins, arteries, and bones. Includes features such as zoom, rotation, angle, layers, extensive text, MRI, clinical slides and xrays, movies, animations, radiology slides, dissection and surface anatomy videos and slides.
Ovid MEDLINE Searches MEDLINE, which is the primary source of journal articles for the health sciences (fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, public health, health care systems, and basic sciences). Ovid MEDLINE is optimized for advanced literature searches. Coverage is from the 1940s to the present.
Business Source Premier Find business articles from journals and magazines in marketing, management, information technology, operations, human resources, accounting, finance and economics dating back to 1965.
Education Source Search full-text education journals covering all levels of education--from early childhood to higher education--as well as all educational specialties, such as multilingual education, health education and testing.
ERIC Education (Ebscohost) ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) is a database of full-text education literature and resources. With coverage dating back to 1966, it is essential for education researchers of all kinds.
OregonPDF in health & performance This database contaings graduate dissertations and theses in areas related to health and performance from 1948 to the present. The focus of the collection is physical activity. Academic areas of interest include biochemistry, biomechanics, dance, exercise physiology, history or philosophy of physical education, kinesiology, motor control, obesity, recreation, sports marketing, sports medicine, sports pedagogy, sports psychology, and tests and measurements.
Human Kinetics Library The Human Kinetics Library includes textbooks and other monographs, as well as supplementary videos, for practitioners and students. Human Kinetics is the world’s biggest independent publisher of sport, health, dance, fitness, physical education, and recreation resources. The University of Minnesota Libraries provides access to the following collections: Human Kinetics Library Core Collection; Human Kinetics Dance Technique; and Human Kinetics Physical and Health Education.

References: Citations

Documenting Sources Give credit to those whose work you use in your own writing and help others find your sources. Find information on citing sources using major styles and avoiding plagiarism.
Tutorial: What are citations? Understand what citations are, why they are important, and how to create and use them.
Citation Guides and Style Manuals A guide to different citation styles.
Citation Managers (e.g. Zotero, EndNote Online, etc.) Citation managers are software packages used to create personalized databases of citation information and notes. They allow you to: import and organize citation information from article indexes and other sources; save links to pdfs and other documents; format citations for your papers and bibliographies using APA and many other styles; and include your own notes.

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Developing Your Research Topic/Question

Research always starts with a question. But the success of your research also depends on how you formulate that question. If it is too broad or too narrow of a topic, you will have trouble finding information when you search. When developing your question/topic, consider the following:

What are the specific guidelines provided for topic development? Are the ideas I am considering within those established guidelines (make sure to check with your course instructor if you are uncertain).

Is my question one that is likely to have been researched and for which data have been published? Believe it or not, not every topic has been researched and/or published in the literature.

Remember some topics may be breaking new ground and there may only be a little amount of published research.

Sometimes you have to search for "related research" if the topic is too new or has not been represented much in the research literature.

Be flexible. Consider broadening or narrowing the topic if you are getting few if any results when you search. If you aren't willing to make some adjustments with your topic, it could make finding publications very difficult in some circumstances.

Discuss your topic with your professor and be willing to alter your topic according to the guidance you receive.

The Information Cycle

It is important to remember that finding peer-review scholarly publications on "hot" new topics is difficult. The "information cycle" requires time for research, editing, peer-review, and publication. It is imporatant to keep this in mind when choosing research topics for research.

The Libraries of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign provide a helpful infographic of this cycle below.

Infographic of the Information Cycle

Last Updated: Aug 4, 2023 12:39 PM
URL: https://libguides.auburn.edu/kinesiology

Research Topics in Kinesiology

Published by Boni on October 24, 2022 October 24, 2022

Kinesiology is the scientific study of human movement and how they impact our health and well-being. Students are taught how to combine an integrated approach with Biomechanics, psychology, and anatomy principles to aid repair or increase the patient’s physical mobility. Kinesiology application to human health includes various areas such as fitness, sport psychology, motor control, and health (body and mind).

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However, your grades in kinesiology research depend on your chosen topic. Your supervisor needs to read a thesis that interests them. The right topic will impress your professors and give you better results .

What Should you Write about in your Kinesiology Paper?

As an interdisciplinary field of study, Kinesiology has different areas you can write on. Gudwriter is here to guide you on what you should write about.

You should remember that Kinesiology is mainly used in rehabilitation after surgery or injury. The research focuses on using motion tracking, exercise, sports, and electrophysiology to help adults and children achieve their daily state of movement.

List of other useful resources to explore;

Research proposal topics
Political science research paper topics
Sports research paper topics
Cause and effect essay topics
How to stop procrastinating on homework

Your kinesiology research paper should examine physical activity’s negative and positive effects on human life. If you are not sure about the kind of topics you should write about, here is the list of topics you can choose from;

Interesting Kinesiology Topics

Kinesiology students can focus on different topics in their papers. They can write a thesis about exercise science, kinesiology, physical therapy, or fitness and nutrition. Some of the exciting topics include:

Why are some people more flexible than others? Can we develop our flexibility through exercise?
Facial Expressions and how we control them
Can exercise influence your nervous system?
Muscles. How to make them grow.
How can you maintain your balance all the time? What is the relationship between your skeleton, muscles, and balance?
Therapeutic exercise. Different conditions that therapeutic exercise can heal.
How many muscles do you use for simple movement?
The bone development. How many bones an adult has? How about a baby?
How many types of bones do humans have?
Types of muscle

Controversial Topics in Kinesiology

There are many opposing philosophies and controversies related to kinesiology topics. What works? Who is right? There are many daggling questions on topics you can write that will make you look like someone well-informed on kinesiology. Here are some of the issues:

How many grams of carbohydrates do you need?
Sleep disorders due to physical exercise
What makes a healthy diet?
Do your muscles grow bigger with heavier resistance than with lighter resistance? What development do you achieve from different types of resistance?
To stretch or not to stretch. What do you do before and after your workouts?
What is Kinesiology, and what does it do?
Is running a bad or a good way to get fit?
Low or high intensity: How is this applied to the goals of endurance and strength?
Is it about calories in versus calories out in the weight gain, weight loss, and maintenance, or does it depend on how micronutrients are metabolized?
Should you lift fast or slow? What amount of resistance, and how do you measure it?
Resistance band training: Should you do it or avoid it?
The role of kinesiology in biometrics

Anatomical Kinesiology Topics

Anatomy kinesiology focuses on understanding body structures and their parts. It is a broad discipline divided into different topics. Anatomy Kinesiology topics help students with concise and comprehensive information for understanding and connecting anatomy that facilitates body movement. The topics include:

The composition of bone
Exercise physiology. How does a physiological response to different exercises influence your life?
Rehabilitation after injuries
The role of the skeleton
Muscle contraction
Muscle rapture
Healing fractures
Body segment and masses
Biomechanics of the hip
Overview of the upper extremity
Force and vectors

Current Kinesiology Topics

If you are looking for current kinesiology topics, you are at the right place. There are a lot of current issues that you can research. They include:

Prevent workplace accidents
Motor redundancy principle
The best application of kinesiology
Reasons to avoid physical exercise
Detailed examination of the neuroplasticity principle
Walking down the hill versus walking up
How does alcohol affect physical exercise?
Health nutrition for athletes
Can exercise physiology cure diabetes?
Comparison between anaerobic and aerobic physical exercise
The ability of the body to adapt to challenging physical activities

Sports-Related Kinesiology Topics

If you want to talk about sports and health benefits, there is a long list of sport-related kinesiology topics. Here are some of the outstanding issues you can write about:

How to monitor the offset of fatigue
A detailed analysis of the hydration testing
Bio-banding process
Differences between chronological, biological, and technical age
Running as a form of fitness
Safety standards in the fitness industry
Detailed compound exercises for weight loss
Best exercises for your legs
Muscle growth after exercise
Importance of wearable in sport science

Dance Kinesiology Research Topics

It is fascinating to write about dance kinesiology. But sometimes, it can be challenging to pick topics in this field. Here are some of the topics you can choose:

Can exercise affect your nervous system
Physical exercise against cancer
The best chest exercises
Boosting the immune system through dancing
Does dancing prevent diabetes?
Muscles involved in dancing
Adverse effects of intense dancing
How does dancing affect the neurons
The health benefits of dancing
Effects of dancing on depression

Pediatric Kinesiology Research Topics

Pediatric kinesiology helps you with natural therapy to assist your children in staying healthy and in balance. It is ideal for babies and teenagers of all ages and can supplement any other treatment the child receives. Some of the research topics related to pediatric kinesiology include:

Relationship between physical activity and obesity in children in California
Posture control in children: Do the legs lend a helping hand to the arms?
Mechanical efficiency at various exercise intensities among the children
How to increase sport and motor competence among children
Confusion and growth in the growth of youth aerobic fitness
The suitability of using bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess health status and youth weight
The negative effect of intense physical activity on kids
Ways in which situational factors and disposition factors initiate physical activity motion
How do children’s physical activities track later in their adult life?
How can physical exercise help children sustain and develop their mental well-being?

Get Kinesiology Paper Writing Help

You should never compromise the quality of your kinesiology research paper. How you handle the work will determine the quality of your thesis. However, getting kinesiology paper writing help from our experienced writers at Gudwriter guarantees you the best results. We have a team of experienced editors and writers to assist you in picking and writing the best kinesiology research paper. Contact our online research paper writing help and improve your scores.

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April 18, 2024

This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

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Hemorrhagic complications rare after cranial epilepsy surgery

by Elana Gotkine

Hemorrhagic complications are uncommon after cranial epilepsy surgery, according to a study published online April 12 in World Neurosurgery .

Yong Liu, from the The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in China, and colleagues examined the incidence and grade of severity of hemorrhagic complications after cranial epilepsy surgery in a retrospective analysis involving patients who underwent surgery between October 2003 and April 2019.

A total of 2,026 surgical procedures were performed during the inclusion period. The researchers identified 66 hemorrhagic complications, with a total incidence of 3.3 percent. The most common types of hemorrhagic complications were epidural hemorrhage and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (57.6 and 33.3 percent, respectively).

Complications were grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 in 68.2, 6.1, 24.2, and 1.5 percent of patients, respectively. Mortality due to hemorrhagic complications was 1.5 percent; among all cranial surgery, hemorrhagic mortality was 0.5 percent. A higher percentage of severe hemorrhage was induced by left versus right craniotomy (34.2 versus 14.3 percent). A higher percentage of severe hemorrhage was induced with extratemporal lobe epilepsy compared with other epilepsy types (34.2 versus 14.3 percent).

"Severe postoperative hemorrhage occurred at a low rate," the authors write. "Although no independent risk factors for hemorrhagic complication after epilepsy surgery were identified in this study, meticulous surgical technique remains the most important approach to prevent postoperative hemorrhage."

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Two key brain systems are central to psychosis, Stanford Medicine-led study finds

When the brain has trouble filtering incoming information and predicting what’s likely to happen, psychosis can result, Stanford Medicine-led research shows.

April 11, 2024 - By Erin Digitale

People with psychosis have trouble filtering relevant information (mesh funnel) and predicting rewarding events (broken crystal ball), creating a complex inner world. Emily Moskal

Inside the brains of people with psychosis, two key systems are malfunctioning: a “filter” that directs attention toward important external events and internal thoughts, and a “predictor” composed of pathways that anticipate rewards.

Dysfunction of these systems makes it difficult to know what’s real, manifesting as hallucinations and delusions.

The findings come from a Stanford Medicine-led study , published April 11 in Molecular Psychiatry , that used brain scan data from children, teens and young adults with psychosis. The results confirm an existing theory of how breaks with reality occur.

“This work provides a good model for understanding the development and progression of schizophrenia, which is a challenging problem,” said lead author Kaustubh Supekar , PhD, clinical associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences.

The findings, observed in individuals with a rare genetic disease called 22q11.2 deletion syndrome who experience psychosis as well as in those with psychosis of unknown origin, advance scientists’ understanding of the underlying brain mechanisms and theoretical frameworks related to psychosis.

During psychosis, patients experience hallucinations, such as hearing voices, and hold delusional beliefs, such as thinking that people who are not real exist. Psychosis can occur on its own and isa hallmark of certain serious mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is also characterized by social withdrawal, disorganized thinking and speech, and a reduction in energy and motivation.

It is challenging to study how schizophrenia begins in the brain. The condition usually emerges in teens or young adults, most of whom soon begin taking antipsychotic medications to ease their symptoms. When researchers analyze brain scans from people with established schizophrenia, they cannot distinguish the effects of the disease from the effects of the medications. They also do not know how schizophrenia changes the brain as the disease progresses.

To get an early view of the disease process, the Stanford Medicine team studied young people aged 6 to 39 with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a genetic condition with a 30% risk for psychosis, schizophrenia or both.

Kaustubh Supekar

Brain function in 22q11.2 patients who have psychosis is similar to that in people with psychosis of unknown origin, they found. And these brain patterns matched what the researchers had previously theorized was generating psychosis symptoms.

“The brain patterns we identified support our theoretical models of how cognitive control systems malfunction in psychosis,” said senior study author Vinod Menon , PhD, the Rachael L. and Walter F. Nichols, MD, Professor; a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences; and director of the Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory .

Thoughts that are not linked to reality can capture the brain’s cognitive control networks, he said. “This process derails the normal functioning of cognitive control, allowing intrusive thoughts to dominate, culminating in symptoms we recognize as psychosis.”

Cerebral sorting

Normally, the brain’s cognitive filtering system — aka the salience network — works behind the scenes to selectively direct our attention to important internal thoughts and external events. With its help, we can dismiss irrational thoughts and unimportant events and focus on what’s real and meaningful to us, such as paying attention to traffic so we avoid a collision.

The ventral striatum, a small brain region, and associated brain pathways driven by dopamine, play an important role in predicting what will be rewarding or important.

For the study, the researchers assembled as much functional MRI brain-scan data as possible from young people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, totaling 101 individuals scanned at three different universities. (The study also included brain scans from several comparison groups without 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: 120 people with early idiopathic psychosis, 101 people with autism, 123 with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 411 healthy controls.)

The genetic condition, characterized by deletion of part of the 22nd chromosome, affects 1 in every 2,000 to 4,000 people. In addition to the 30% risk of schizophrenia or psychosis, people with the syndrome can also have autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is why these conditions were included in the comparison groups.

The researchers used a type of machine learning algorithm called a spatiotemporal deep neural network to characterize patterns of brain function in all patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome compared with healthy subjects. With a cohort of patients whose brains were scanned at the University of California, Los Angeles, they developed an algorithmic model that distinguished brain scans from people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome versus those without it. The model predicted the syndrome with greater than 94% accuracy. They validated the model in additional groups of people with or without the genetic syndrome who had received brain scans at UC Davis and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, showing that in these independent groups, the model sorted brain scans with 84% to 90% accuracy.

The researchers then used the model to investigate which brain features play the biggest role in psychosis. Prior studies of psychosis had not given consistent results, likely because their sample sizes were too small.

Vinod Menon

Comparing brain scans from 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients who had and did not have psychosis, the researchers showed that the brain areas contributing most to psychosis are the anterior insula (a key part of the salience network or “filter”) and the ventral striatum (the “reward predictor”); this was true for different cohorts of patients.

In comparing the brain features of people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and psychosis against people with psychosis of unknown origin, the model found significant overlap, indicating that these brain features are characteristic of psychosis in general.

A second mathematical model, trained to distinguish all subjects with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and psychosis from those who have the genetic syndrome but without psychosis, selected brain scans from people with idiopathic psychosis with 77.5% accuracy, again supporting the idea that the brain’s filtering and predicting centers are key to psychosis.

Furthermore, this model was specific to psychosis: It could not classify people with idiopathic autism or ADHD.

“It was quite exciting to trace our steps back to our initial question — ‘What are the dysfunctional brain systems in schizophrenia?’ — and to discover similar patterns in this context,” Menon said. “At the neural level, the characteristics differentiating individuals with psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are mirroring the pathways we’ve pinpointed in schizophrenia. This parallel reinforces our understanding of psychosis as a condition with identifiable and consistent brain signatures.” However, these brain signatures were not seen in people with the genetic syndrome but no psychosis, holding clues to future directions for research, he added.

Applications for treatment or prevention

In addition to supporting the scientists’ theory about how psychosis occurs, the findings have implications for understanding the condition — and possibly preventing it.

“One of my goals is to prevent or delay development of schizophrenia,” Supekar said. The fact that the new findings are consistent with the team’s prior research on which brain centers contribute most to schizophrenia in adults suggests there may be a way to prevent it, he said. “In schizophrenia, by the time of diagnosis, a lot of damage has already occurred in the brain, and it can be very difficult to change the course of the disease.”

“What we saw is that, early on, functional interactions among brain regions within the same brain systems are abnormal,” he added. “The abnormalities do not start when you are in your 20s; they are evident even when you are 7 or 8.”

Our discoveries underscore the importance of approaching people with psychosis with compassion.

The researchers plan to use existing treatments, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation or focused ultrasound, targeted at these brain centers in young people at risk of psychosis, such as those with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome or with two parents who have schizophrenia, to see if they prevent or delay the onset of the condition or lessen symptoms once they appear.

The results also suggest that using functional MRI to monitor brain activity at the key centers could help scientists investigate how existing antipsychotic medications are working.

Although it’s still puzzling why someone becomes untethered from reality — given how risky it seems for one’s well-being — the “how” is now understandable, Supekar said. “From a mechanistic point of view, it makes sense,” he said.

“Our discoveries underscore the importance of approaching people with psychosis with compassion,” Menon said, adding that his team hopes their work not only advances scientific understanding but also inspires a cultural shift toward empathy and support for those experiencing psychosis.

“I recently had the privilege of engaging with individuals from our department’s early psychosis treatment group,” he said. “Their message was a clear and powerful: ‘We share more similarities than differences. Like anyone, we experience our own highs and lows.’ Their words were a heartfelt appeal for greater empathy and understanding toward those living with this condition. It was a call to view psychosis through a lens of empathy and solidarity.”

Researchers contributed to the study from UCLA, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, the University of Oxford and UC Davis.

The study was funded by the Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute’s Uytengsu-Hamilton 22q11 Neuropsychiatry Research Program, FONDEYCT (the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of the government of Chile), ANID-Chile (the Chilean National Agency for Research and Development) and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grants AG072114, MH121069, MH085953 and MH101779).

About Stanford Medicine

Stanford Medicine is an integrated academic health system comprising the Stanford School of Medicine and adult and pediatric health care delivery systems. Together, they harness the full potential of biomedicine through collaborative research, education and clinical care for patients. For more information, please visit med.stanford.edu .

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221+ Interesting Kinesiology Research Topics (Updated 2024)
221+ Interesting Kinesiology Research Topics (Updated 2024) Kinesiology, the study of human movement, sparks a world of fascinating kinesiology research topics that touch every aspect of our lives. Imagine exploring fifteen different areas where movement science thrives. Dive into Biomechanics, then there's Exercise Physiology, delving into ...
80+ Kinesiology Research Topics
What are some popular research topics in kinesiology? Popular research topics in kinesiology include exercise physiology, sports psychology, biomechanics, motor control, and injury prevention. Other potential research areas include exercise and aging, rehabilitation, and physical therapy.
136 Kinesiology Research Topics
Some of the main areas being researched are the mechanics of movement, as well as physiological, anatomical and neuropsychological principles. If you are looking for the best kinesiology research topics, you have arrived at the best place. We have just finished updating our list of ideas, so you can now choose any of our 136 topics without ...
51 Kinesiology Research Topics for College Students [2024]
By Ankit. February 7, 2024. Kinesiology is the study of human action and physical activity. Research in kinesiology is vital to knowing how our bodies work during training and sport. As college students interested in this field, we should know how research can improve performance, stop injury, and help people live healthier lives.
172 Kinesiology Research Topics: Tips to Craft Quality Papers
Below are a few proven paths you'd find helpful to get the best research for a kinesiology paper: Build Curiosity: It can be challenging to sift through data and create a paper with any level of detail when the scope of your essay needs to be narrower. Most college research papers aim to find a potential response to a specific query on a topic.
Kinesiology Research Paper Topics
In this page, we delve into the realm of kinesiology research paper topics, offering a comprehensive list that serves as a valuable resource for health sciences students. The field of kinesiology, encompassing the study of human movement and physical activity, presents numerous avenues for research and exploration.
Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural
Abstract. The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in ...
Functional Kinesiology in Health and Performance
This Research Topic pursues the following goals explicitly: Review of studies related to functional kinesiology of athletes in teenagers and adults. Review of studies on how athletes achieve better health or performance. Review of studies on the quality of training load with bio-motor ability and wellness variables.
Engaging Undergraduate Kinesiology Students in Clinically-Based Research
The topic of pelvic floor health is novel to most students and participation in this research expands their knowledge beyond a mainstream kinesiology curriculum. Institutionalizing this type of program could formalize undergraduate student research experiences and facilitate ongoing clinical research efforts with a kinesiology focus.
Research Methods in Kinesiology and the Health Sciences
Designed for introductory research methods courses at the beginning graduate and undergraduate levels, Research Methods in Kinesiology and the Health Sciences includes all major topics conventionally addressed in introductory research methods texts. Taking a practical approach, this book focuses on topics directly related to development of ...
KNES 6115: Research Methods in Kinesiology
Provides access to more than 850 of Elsevier's primary research journals, which focus on scientific, medical, biomedical and technical areas. Web of Science This link opens in a new window This multidisciplinary database includes a citation mapping feature that allows you to track research across time, including almost 1.7 billion cited ...
American Kinesiology Association
Quick Links to the table of contents of leading journals in kinesiology. ACSM's Health & Fitness. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. American Journal of Public Health. American Journal of Sports Medicine. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. Applied Physiology, Nutrition ...
Research Guides: Kinesiology Research Guide: Develop a Topic
To broaden your research topic, consider the following: Extend the Scope; Incorporate Related Ideas; Expand Geographic Boundaries; Use Broader Terms and Synonyms; Remember to strike a balance - your topic should be broad enough to provide enough resources, yet narrow enough for a focused discussion. Don't hesitate to adjust your topic as necessary.
Kinesiology, Physical Activity, Physical Education, and Sports through
The Topic of Equity/Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Many different EDI-related phrases have been generated ... physical activity, and kinesiology. Many research projects could evaluate the existing EDI frameworks and EDI phrases, through the lens of sports, physical education, physical activity, and kinesiology. One could answer the ...
(PDF) Current Topics in Kinesiology and Sport Pedagogy
Abstract. This book provides an overview of current issues being discussed in higher-education kinesiology and sport pedagogy departments, as well as current research being conducted in physical ...
Research
IMPROVING LIVES THROUGH ACTIVITY & SPORT. From how movement and function impact our individual health to how physical activity and sport can benefit our communities, research at the School of Kinesiology is addressing a wide range of complex issues that affect us all throughout our lives. Explore our Research Areas.
Exercise Science
Find helpful resources from the American College of Sports Medicine for the most popular topics in exercise science in sports medicine. American College of Sports Medicine. ... the general research methodology they use and some of the interesting results their research generates. Watch Presentations. 6510 Telecom Dr. Suite 200 Indianapolis, IN ...
LibGuides: Kinesiology Research Guide: Identify a topic
You can use your research assignment, textbook, your instructor, your classmates, The Daily Show, or even your social media feed to help generate ideas that will lead to an appropriate and engaging topic. You can browse the Libraries' reference resources, journals, magazines, or newspapers to help you identify a topic.
Develop a Topic
Before you develop your research topic or question, you'll need to do some background research first. Some good places to find background information: Your textbook or class readings; Encyclopedias and reference books; Credible websites; Library databases; Try the library databases below to explore your topic.
Kinesiology: Developing Topics & Research Questions
Most scholarly research examines fairly narrow topics and looks at relationships between concepts. One way to limit the scope of your topic is to ask who, what, where, when, why, and how questions. Be flexible. It's okay to continue to tweak your question; the end result should be that you have answered the question you've laid out in the ...
Getting Started
This guide covers search tools for research in topics related to Kinesiology. Start with: SPORTDiscus. Excellent starting point for research across the breadth of Kinesiolog. ... exercise physiology, history or philosophy of physical education, kinesiology, motor control, obesity, recreation, sports marketing, sports medicine, sports pedagogy ...
Developing Your Research Topic/Question
Sometimes you have to search for "related research" if the topic is too new or has not been represented much in the research literature. Be flexible. Consider broadening or narrowing the topic if you are getting few if any results when you search. If you aren't willing to make some adjustments with your topic, it could make finding publications ...
Research Topics in Kinesiology
Research Topics in Kinesiology. Published by Boni on October 24, 2022. Kinesiology is the scientific study of human movement and how they impact our health and well-being. Students are taught how to combine an integrated approach with Biomechanics, psychology, and anatomy principles to aid repair or increase the patient's physical mobility.
Tap into trusted NIA resources to transform your research
Advantages of NIA resources. By its nature, research on aging typically involves the acquisition of data over an organism's lifespan or at later stages in life, which can be costly and add years to a study. Through our resources, NIA facilitates aging research that would otherwise be less accessible, more costly, or more time-consuming for ...
Class of 2024: Seungyeon Kim
Kim also earned her B.S.Ed. in kinesiology from UVA EHD. During her master's program, Kim completed her athletic training internship with the UVA women's basketball program and conducted original research on Asian and Asian American athletic trainers. Why did you choose the UVA School of Education & Human Development for your program of study?
OFM/OUR Nominees
Kinesiology and Psychological Sciences: The Effects of 4-Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition in Individuals Classified as Overweight: Preliminary Results: Dr. Kembra Albracht-Schulte: Rylee Mullen ... Research Project Topic: Nominator: Dr. Indrajit Srivastava:
AI improves accuracy of skin cancer diagnoses in Stanford Medicine-led
Researchers from the Karolinska Institute, the Karolinska University Hospital and the University of Nicosia contributed to the research. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grants K24AR075060 and R01AR082109), Radiumhemmet Research, the Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish Research Council.
Hemorrhagic complications rare after cranial epilepsy surgery
The researchers identified 66 hemorrhagic complications, with a total incidence of 3.3 percent. The most common types of hemorrhagic complications were epidural hemorrhage and intraparenchymal ...
Topic Modelling of Management Research Assertions to Develop Insights
The article suggests a Value Proposition (VP) framework that enables analysis of the beneficial impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) resources and capabilities on specific VP activities. To develop such a framework, we examined existing business and management research publications to identify and extract assertions that could be used as a source of actionable insights for early-stage growth ...
Two key brain systems are central to psychosis, Stanford Medicine-led
The study was funded by the Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute's Uytengsu-Hamilton 22q11 Neuropsychiatry Research Program, FONDEYCT (the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of the government of Chile), ANID-Chile (the Chilean National Agency for Research and Development) and the U.S. National ...

221+ Interesting Kinesiology Research Topics (Updated 2024)

10 Step Guide For Selecting The Most Suitable Kinesiology Research Topics

Kinesiology Research Topics: 2024

Top 15 Topics on Biomechanics

Top 15 Topics on Exercise Physiology

Top 15 Kinesiology Research Topics on Motor Control

Top 15 Topics on Sports Psychology

Top 15 Topics on Rehabilitation Kinesiology

Top 15 Kinesiology Research Topics on Cardiopulmonary Kinesiology

Top 15 Topics on Biomedical Engineering in Kinesiology

Top 15 Topics on Aging and Kinesiology

Top 15 Topics on Occupational Kinesiology

Top 15 Kinesiology Research Topics on Neurological Kinesiology

Top 15 Topics on Paediatric Kinesiology

Top 15 Topics on Orthopaedic Kinesiology

Top 15 Kinesiology Research Topics on Ergonomics

Top 15 Topics on Performance Enhancement

Top 15 Kinesiology Research Topics On Physical Activity and Health

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