what is augmented assignments

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Augmented Assignment Operators in Python

An assignment operator is an operator that is used to assign some value to a variable. Like normally in Python, we write “ a = 5 “ to assign value 5 to variable ‘a’. Augmented assignment operators have a special role to play in Python programming. It basically combines the functioning of the arithmetic or bitwise operator with the assignment operator. So assume if we need to add 7 to a variable “a” and assign the result back to “a”, then instead of writing normally as “ a = a + 7 “, we can use the augmented assignment operator and write the expression as “ a += 7 “. Here += has combined the functionality of arithmetic addition and assignment.

So, augmented assignment operators provide a short way to perform a binary operation and assigning results back to one of the operands. The way to write an augmented operator is just to write that binary operator and assignment operator together. In Python, we have several different augmented assignment operators like +=, -=, *=, /=, //=, **=, |=, &=, >>=, <<=, %= and ^=. Let’s see their functioning with the help of some exemplar codes:

1. Addition and Assignment (+=): This operator combines the impact of arithmetic addition and assignment. Here,

 a = a + b can be written as a += b

2. Subtraction and Assignment (-=): This operator combines the impact of subtraction and assignment.  

a = a – b can be written as a -= b

Example:  

3. Multiplication and Assignment (*=): This operator combines the functionality of multiplication and assignment.  

a = a * b can be written as a *= b

4. Division and Assignment (/=): This operator has the combined functionality of division and assignment.  

a = a / b can be written as a /= b

5. Floor Division and Assignment (//=): It performs the functioning of floor division and assignment.  

a = a // b can be written as a //= b

6. Modulo and Assignment (%=): This operator combines the impact of the modulo operator and assignment.  

a = a % b can be written as a %= b

7. Power and Assignment (**=): This operator is equivalent to the power and assignment operator together.  

a = a**b can be written as a **= b

8. Bitwise AND & Assignment (&=): This operator combines the impact of the bitwise AND operator and assignment operator. 

a = a & b can be written as a &= b

9. Bitwise OR and Assignment (|=): This operator combines the impact of Bitwise OR and assignment operator.  

a = a | b can be written as a |= b

10. Bitwise XOR and Assignment (^=): This augmented assignment operator combines the functionality of the bitwise XOR operator and assignment operator. 

a = a ^ b can be written as a ^= b

11. Bitwise Left Shift and Assignment (<<=): It puts together the functioning of the bitwise left shift operator and assignment operator.  

a = a << b can be written as a <<= b

12. Bitwise Right Shift and Assignment (>>=): It puts together the functioning of the bitwise right shift operator and assignment operator.  

a = a >> b can be written as a >>= b

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• List of languages
• 1 Discussion
• 2.1 Computed assignment locations
• 3.1 C descendants
• 4 Supporting languages
• 6 References

Augmented assignment

Augmented assignment (or compound assignment ) is the name given to certain assignment operators in certain programming languages (especially those derived from C ). An augmented assignment is generally used to replace a statement where an operator takes a variable as one of its arguments and then assigns the result back to the same variable. A simple example is x += 1 which is expanded to x = x + (1) . Similar constructions are often available for various binary operators.

In general, in languages offering this feature, most operators that can take a variable as one of their arguments and return a result of the same type have an augmented assignment equivalent that assigns the result back to the variable in place, including arithmetic operators, bitshift operators, and bitwise operators .

For example, the following statement or some variation of it can be found in many programs:

With this version, there is no excuse for a compiler failing to generate code that looks up the location of variable x just once, and modifies it in place, if of course the machine code supports such a sequence. For instance, if x is a simple variable, the machine code sequence might be something like

and the same code would be generated for both forms. But if there is a special op code, it might be

meaning "Modify Memory" by adding 1 to x, and a decent compiler would generate the same code for both forms. Some machine codes offer INC and DEC operations (to add or subtract one), others might allow constants other than one.

More generally, the form is

where the ? stands for some operator (not always + ), and there may be no special op codes to help. There is still the possibility that if x is a complicated entity the compiler will be encouraged to avoid duplication in accessing x , and of course, if x is a lengthy name, there will be less typing required. This last was the basis of the similar feature in the ALGOL compilers offered via the Burroughs B6700 systems, using the tilde symbol to stand for the variable being assigned to, so that

would become

and so forth. This is more general than just x:=~ + 1; Producing optimum code would remain the province of the compiler.

In expression-oriented programming languages such as C, assignment and augmented assignment are expressions, which have a value. This allows their use in complex expressions. However, this can produce sequences of symbols that are difficult to read or understand, and worse, a mistype can easily produce a different sequence of gibberish that although accepted by the compiler does not produce desired results. In other languages, such as Python, assignment and augmented assignment are statements, not expressions, and thus cannot be used in complex expressions. For example, the following is valid C, but not valid Python:

As with assignment, in these languages augmented assignment is a form of right-associative assignment .

Computed assignment locations

In languages such as C, C++ and Python, an augmented assignment where the assignment location includes function calls, is mandated to only call the functions once. I.e in the statement:

The function f1 is mandated to only be called once.

If a language implements augmented assignment by macro expansion to:

Then f1 is called twice.

By language

C descendants.

In C , C++, and C# , the assignment operator is = , which is augmented as follows:

Each of these is called a compound assignment operator in said languages. [1] [2] [3]

Supporting languages

The following list, though not complete or all-inclusive, lists some of the major programming languages that support augmented assignment operators.

• Increment and decrement operators—special case of augmented assignment, by 1
• IEEE 754 augmented arithmetic operation
• ^ "Assignment and compound assignment operators" .
• ^ "C# Language Specification" . Microsoft . Retrieved 17 March 2014 .

By: Wikipedia.org Edited: 2021-06-18 15:15:46 Source: Wikipedia.org

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Augmented assignment

The augmented assignment statement combines an operator with assignment. A common example is this:

This is equivalent to

When working with immutable objects (numbers, strings, and tuples) the idea of an augmented assignment is syntactic sugar. It allows us to write the updated variable just once. The statement a += 1 always creates a fresh new number object, and replaces the value of a with the new number object.

Any of the operators can be combined with assignment. The means that += , -= , *= , /= , //= , %= , **= , >>= , <<= , &= , ^= , and |= are all assignment operators. We can see obvious parallels between sums using += , and products using *= .

In the case of mutable objects, this augmented assignment can take on special ...

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Augmented assignment (or compound assignment) is the name given to certain assignment operators in certain programming languages (especially those derived from C). An augmented assignment is generally used to replace a statement where an operator takes a variable as one of its arguments and then assigns the result back to the same variable. A simple example is x += 1 which is expanded to x = x + 1.

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