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How to Cite a Film or Documentary in MLA Referencing

3-minute read

• 4th December 2020

If you’re writing an essay, you may need to cite a film or documentary. But how does this work in MLA style ? In this post, we’ll show you how to format both in-text citations and the Works Cited list entry for a film.

How to Cite a Film in MLA Referencing

When citing a film or documentary as a whole in MLA style , simply cite its title. This can be either in the text or in parentheses. For instance:

Another crime film, Goodfellas , depicts the making of a mafia boss.

The film depicts the making of a mafia boss ( Goodfellas ).

However, if you’re focusing on a particular contributor to the film, such as the director or an actor, you should cite the surname of that contributor:

Scorsese’s direction is notably dynamic.

The film is directed with great dynamism (Scorsese).

In addition, if you are referring to a particular scene, you may want to include a time stamp with the timing or range of times for the scene cited:

The scene in this version of the film shows us the brutality of mafia life, but arguably risks glamorizing it ( Goodfellas 00:58:06-01:08:21).

Here, for instance, the time stamp shows us that the citation is for a scene that lasts from 58 minutes and 6 seconds to 1 hour, 8 minutes and 21 seconds into the film. The reader will then know exactly where to look for it.

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Films in an MLA Works Cited List

The entry for a film in an MLA Works Cited list should include all the information required for readers to find the version cited. When citing the film as a whole, this will usually include the following core elements :

Title . Contribution by Main Contributor’s Name (usually the director or creator), other contributors (if relevant to your discussion), version (if more than one version is available), publisher, year.

You won’t always need to include all this information (e.g., if there is only one version of a film available, you can ignore the ‘version’ section), but make sure to include as much detail as needed to identify the exact source.

In practice, for instance, we could reference Goodfellas as follows:

Goodfellas. Directed by Martin Scorsese, performance by Paul Sorvino, Warner Bros., 1990.

If you have cited the name of a contributor – rather than the film title – in your essay, start the entry with the surname of that contributor:

Scorsese, Martin, director. Goodfellas . Performance by Paul Sorvino, Warner Bros., 1990.

This ensures that readers can match the citations to the full reference.

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We hope this explains how to cite a film or documentary in MLA style! If you’d like an expert to make sure your MLA referencing is clear, consistent and error free, though, why not upload a document for proofreading today ?

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Films/Videos/TV Shows

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Biblical Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Films/Videos/TV Shows
• How to Cite: Other
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

Film or Video

Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

Streaming video from a subscription media website (netflix, amazon prime, hulu, etc.), streaming video from a library database, television series episode.

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

Who to Credit - Film or Video

The director should be credited as the author of a film. If the director is unknown, someone in a similar role, such as a producer and/or writer, can be credited. To clarify what role the person has in the production, their job title such as Director is put after their name in round brackets if the job title is known.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Note : It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film or video (e.g. motion picture, DVD, streaming online). 

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

• APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Film or Video

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is known:

Director/Producer/Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title). (Year film was produced).  Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. Production Company.

Note: For other countries, list the city name and the country.

Hallam, J. (Producer, Writer), & Lam, K. (Producer, Director). (2010).  Staff relations in healthcare: Working as a team  [Film]. Insight Media.

• When you have more than one producer, writer and/or writer to credit, separate the names with a comma and put an ampersand (&) before the last person's last name.
• Serling, R. (Executive Producer). (1959–1964). The twilight zone [TV series]. Cayuga Productions; CBS Productions.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010)

Note: This example has two people to credit, so both last names are given)

In-Text Quote:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010, 2:30)

Note: Because the timestamp serves the same purpose in a video as page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, you include it in the in-text citation. Include only the beginning timestamp.

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known:  Start the citation with the film title.

Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. (Year film was produced). Production Company if Known.

Era of viruses  [Film]. (2006). Films for the Humanities and Sciences.

( Title of Film , Year)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006)

Note: Italicize the title of the film and capitalize the words for the in-text citation.

( Title of Film , Year, Timestamp)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006, 40:00)

When the Poster's Name is known: 

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8).  Bill Nye the science guy on energy  [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo

(Creator's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Nye, 2009)

(Creator's Last Name, Year, timestamp)

Example: (Nye, 2009, 0:55)

When the Poster's Name is not known: 

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

All Aces Media. (2012, January 19).  Often awesome the series  [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/35311255

(User name, Year)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012, timestamp)

Producer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Producer). (Year of Publication).  Title of Video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note:  When you have one producer (Producer) is used after the producer's name. If you have more than one producer use (Producers) instead.

Allen, T., et. al. (Producers). (2017). The story of Diana  [Video]. Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

(Producer Last name, Year)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017)

(Producer Last name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017, 6:45)

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Year video was created, Month Day if known).  Title of video  [Video]. Database Name.

National Film Board of Canada. (2014).  Making movie history: The women  [Video]. NFB Campus. 

(Name of Company/Organization, Year)

Example: (National Film Board of Canada, 2014)

(Name of Company/Organization, Year, Timestamp)

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Production Company.

Young, R. (Writer, Producer, Director). (2010). Flying cheap (Season 2010, Episode 2) [TV series episode]. In  Frontline . American University School of Communication's Investigative Reporting Workshop.

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Young, 2010)

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Young, 2010, 15:38)

Television Series Episode Viewed on a Subscription Media Website 

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Streaming Video Site. URL

Attenborough, D. (Writer). (2001). Ocean world (Season 1, Episode 1) [TV series episode]. In A. Fothergill (Executive producer),  Blue planet: A natural history of the oceans . Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

Example: (Attenborough, 2001)

 (Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Attenborough, 2001, 10:12)

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• Next: How to Cite: Other >>
• Last Updated: Mar 11, 2024 3:40 PM
• URL: https://libguides.up.edu/apa

Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite documentary in APA

To cite a documentary in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

• Director(s) & Producer(s) of the documentary: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of the primary contributors (e. g. Director or Producer) ending with a parentheses identifying their contribution.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Title of the film: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Format or medium: Simply provide 'Motion picture' or the medium e.g. DVD as description.
• Location: List the city and the US state using the two-letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or the USA.
• Production company or studio: Give the name of the company that produced the documentary.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a documentary in APA style 6th edition:

Director(s) & Producer(s) of the documentary . ( Year of publication ). Title of the film [ Format or medium ]. Location : Production company or studio .

To cite a documentary in a reference entry in APA style 7th edition include the following elements:

• Director(s) of the documentary: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of the primary contributors (e. g. Director or Producer) ending with a parentheses identifying their contribution.
• Format: Simply provide 'Film' as description. More description information can be included - for example 'Film; DVD' or 'Film; extended edition DVD'

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a documentary in APA style 7th edition:

Director(s) of the documentary . ( Year of publication ). Title of the film [ Format ]. Production company or studio .

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a documentary citation in action:

A documentary where the directors are also the producers

West, B. & Cohen, J. (Directors & Producers) . ( 2018 ). RBG [ Motion picture ]. New York, NY : Magnolia Pictures .

A documentary with two directors

West, B. & Cohen, J. (Directors) . ( 2018 ). RBG [ Film; DVD ]. Magnolia Pictures .

A documentary with one director

Lears, R. (Director) & Blotnick, R. & Olson, S. (Producers) . ( 2019 ). Knock down the house [ Motion picture ]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix Originals .

Lears, R. (Director) . ( 2019 ). Knock down the house [ Film; online video ]. Netflix Originals .

This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

More useful guides

• How to Cite a Documentary in APA
• How to reference a film in DVD or online
• When and How To Cite A Documentary in APA Format

More great BibGuru guides

• Harvard: how to cite a report
• MLA: how to cite a Reddit post
• Chicago: how to cite a magazine article

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How to Cite a Film in Harvard Referencing

2-minute read

• 5th June 2020

While books and journals are the most common sources in academic writing , you may need to cite a film or documentary in your work at some point. But how does this work? In this post, we look at citing a film using Harvard referencing , including the in-text citations and reference list entry.

Citing a Film in Harvard Referencing

To cite a film in Harvard referencing, you need to give its name in italics and the year it was released:

Nineteenth-century New York is portrayed as a Darwinian battleground plagued by tribal warfare ( Gangs of New York , 2002).

If you name the source in the text, though, simply give the date in brackets:

In Gangs of New York (2002), nineteenth-century New York is portrayed as a Darwinian battleground plagued by tribal warfare.

Finally, to cite a specific part of a film (e.g. to quote an important line or discuss a particular scene), you may need to give a pinpoint citation. And in the absence of page numbers, this means giving a timestamp :

At this point, Bill the Butcher says, ‘He was the only man I ever killed worth remembering’ ( Gangs of New York , 2002, 2:21:34).

Here, we’re citing something from 2 hours, 21 minutes and 34 seconds into the film. And the timestamp will allow readers to find the relevant quote.

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Adding a Film to a Harvard Reference List

The reference list format for a film in Harvard referencing is:

Film title (Year) Directed by Name of Director [Film]. Place of distribution if known, Distribution company.

We would therefore list Gangs of New York like this:

Gangs of New York (2002) Directed by Martin Scorsese [Film]. Buena Vista Distribution.

Harvard Variations and Proofreading

Harvard referencing is a style, not a unified system. As a result, different universities may use different versions of this style. The guidelines set out above are based on the Open University version of Harvard referencing , but make sure to check your own style guide for advice if you have one.

Whichever version you use, though, your references should be clear and consistent. And to make sure of this, why not ask the referencing experts at Proofed to check that your writing is always error free?

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How to Cite a Movie: MLA, APA, and Chicago Style

• Posted on January 28, 2022

Writing a research paper doesn’t mean limiting your sources to books and articles. You might use a movie, and if you do, you need to know how to cite it properly. Since there are different citation guides , you must follow the directions specific to your paper style.

The most popular formats are MLA style, APA format, and Chicago style. Each style guide has unique, yet very specific guidelines for spacing, punctuation, italics, and more.

Creating a movie citation for a motion picture you’re referencing protects you against plagiarism. When you’re using other people’s ideas or words, you have to credit them in your work. Otherwise, it looks like you’re passing the information off as your own. If you write anything that isn’t an original idea, you need to credit the person who said it first or you are plagiarizing.

Referencing a movie in your paper can take many different forms. You might mention the film in passing. You might compare it to other films or works of literature. You could also dedicate a whole paper to discussing one specific movie and its impact on popular culture.

You can quote lines from films in your paper just as you’d quote a researcher. Put the sentence in quotation marks and include an in-text citation. You’ll find out how to do that when you learn how to cite a movie in MLA, APA, and Chicago Style.

Common Movie Citation Formats

To cite a motion picture, you’ll need some basic information. Having these details on hand will help whether you’re using MLA, APA, or Chicago style for the film citation. All citation guides require information like:

• Title of the movie
• Name of the director
• Production company
• Film distributor
• Year of release

There are certain instances to use each format, so below are citation examples for MLA style, APA style, and Chicago style.

The  Modern Language Association  created MLA style. The handbook has undergone many changes over the years and is now in its ninth edition. It’s updated as technology and research change. The original handbook had information about citing books and papers, yet the modern edition tells you how to cite song lyrics, social media posts, and more.

You’re likely to use MLA style when writing papers for the humanities, such as language arts or cultural studies. Writing a film critique or using movies to comment on society falls under the humanities umbrella, and you are likely to use MLA style for such projects.

MLA Style Movie Citations

Citing a movie in MLA style is very similar to citing other sources. Start with the movie title in italics, then identify the director or directors. You can list a few stars if you mention them in your paper. This level of detail helps readers find the exact citation in your MLA Works Cited page.

Most of the punctuation in a movie citation using MLA format is a comma. This punctuation differs from other MLA citations that use a lot of periods or put information in parenthesis. Here is an example of a movie formatted for an MLA citation:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, performances by Ima Star, Big Name, and Too Famous, Movie Studios, 2020.

It’s a straightforward process with room to specify what version you’re referencing if there are multiple versions of the film. In that case, you would add the version after the director’s name. For example:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, extended version, Movie Studios, 2020.

If you watched the movie on a streaming service, you should indicate that information. Just as when you’re citing journal articles found online with a URL or DOI, the streaming service helps the reader find the exact film.

Most streaming services upload the regular version of the movie, but including this detail erases all doubt.  Netflix  and other streaming services change up their inventory periodically, so cover your bases by including the date you watched the movie. Otherwise, a reader might think you’re making up information because the film isn’t currently available through the service.

Maybe the service censored the line you quoted, and people who own the DVD know the real language. They might think you got the information wrong in your paper. When they go to your reference page, they’ll see where you accessed the movie and understand how your experience could differ. Here is an example of a movie formatted for an MLA citation if it was on a streaming service:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, Movie Studios, 2020. Netflix, 13 May 2021.

You can also cite movies you watched on  YouTube . The format is similar to that of a streaming service, except you include the name of the user who uploaded the film and the specific URL. For example:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, Movie Studios, 2020. Movie. Directed by Bob Action, performances by Ima Star, Big Name, and Too Famous, Movie Studios, 2020. YouTube, uploaded by Film Appreciation Community, 13 May 2021, http://www.youtube.com/specificvideo .

When you compile your works cited list, you’ll put the movie citation in alphabetical order according to the movie title.

MLA Style In-text Citations

You need to include an in-text citation whenever you mention the film in your paper. If you paraphrase anything from the movie, you need to show the reader what you’re referencing. Text citations are easy to figure out once you have the reference completed for your works cited page.

Use parentheses to signal that you’re citing a source in the body of your paper. After the opening parenthesis, put the movie title in italics. For example:

However, there are other times when you’ll need in-text citations. If you use a direct quote from the movie, close the quotation marks of the passage, and include the text citation before the ending punctuation. This citation will include the title of the movie and the timestamp of when the character speaks the specific line. You still put the movie title in italics inside of the parenthesis. Follow the title with the timestamp and duration of the line using a semicolon to show the time. For example:

(Movie 15:10-35)

If the quote goes beyond one minute, clarify the time range with more details, such as:

(Movie 15:10-16:07)

You can also mention the movie title in your text using general context without needing an in-text citation. For example:

In Movie, the viewer goes on a wild adventure that spans just two hours.

If you mention a specific part of the movie, you’ll need to add an in-text citation with the time stamp. For example:

In Movie, the viewer first visits the graveyard at night (1:03-50).

If the movie title is long, you can shorten it to the first few words, so your in-text citations are concise.

The  American Psychological Association  created the APA style guide. It has detailed parameters for academic and research papers. You use the APA format when working in the social sciences, like psychology, sociology, economics, and related fields.

APA Style Movie Citations

While a movie citation in MLA style is very basic, there is more specific formatting for an APA citation. Instead of starting with the movie title, you list the director starting with the last name, then the first initial. Specify that the person is the director in parentheses. Documentaries would have a producer instead of a director, so you’d use that job title instead.

Next, you put the year the company produced the movie, then the title. In square brackets, specify that it’s a film because TV shows use a similar style, and last is the name of the production company. Here is an example of a movie formatted for an APA citation:

Action, B. (Director). (2020). Movie [Film]. Movie Studios.

You might refer to the special features included on a DVD version of the film, so you’ll add this information to your citation. For example:

Action, B. (Director). (2020). Movie [Film; DVD release]. Movie Studios.

If you watched the film on a streaming service, the citation includes those details as well. For example:

Action, B. (Director). (2020). Movie [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.netflix.com

When you compile your reference list, you’ll put the movie citation in alphabetical order according to the director’s last name.

APA Style In-text Citations

In-text citations for APA format are similar to those of MLA style. As always, you use parentheses to offset the information from the body of your paper and the citation goes inside of the ending punctuation of a sentence.

While MLA uses the movie title, APA calls for the director’s last name and the year of the movie. For example:

(Action, 2020)

If you’re quoting the film or mentioning a specific scene, include the timestamp after the director’s name and year. For example:

(Action, 2020, 0:15:10)

Chicago Style

The University of Chicago created  Chicago Style  for use in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. This format differs from both MLA and APA by having a bibliography instead of works cited or reference pages. Some papers using Chicago Style ask for you to create endnotes as well.

Chicago Style Movie Citations

Chicago Style has two options: author-date or notes-bibliography. Your professor will tell you what to use for a student paper. If you’re writing an article to submit to a journal, the submission guidelines will clarify which format you need to use.

The author-date format is similar to APA citations. You start with the director’s last name, then their first name, then the job title of the director. This detail is to clarify the person’s role in the movie because a documentary would have a producer instead of a director.

Next is the year the production company released the movie, followed by the movie’s title in italics. Check out this citation example to see how similar it is to APA format:

Action, Bob, director. 2020. Movie. Movie Studios.

If you watched the movie online, you would add the streaming service and direct URL to the movie. Here is an example:

Action, Bob, director. 2020. Movie. Netflix. http://www.netflix.com/movieaddress

If you’re using the notes-bibliography style instead of author-date, you need all the same information but the order is different. Here is an example:

Action, Bob, director. Movie. Movie Studios, 2020.

If you watched the movie online through a streaming service, you add that information in slightly different places as well. For example:

Action, Bob, director. Movie. Netflix, 2020. http://www.netflix.com/movieaddress

Chicago Style In-text Citations

The author-date in-text citation format is also similar to APA’s text citation, without a comma. In Chicago Style, an author-date in-text citation example is:

(Action 2020)

If you’re referencing a specific quote or scene, you’d include the timestamp of the duration. Instead of using a dash like in MLA format, you write the word “to.” Here is an example:

(Action 2020 0:15:10 to 0:15:35)

The in-text citations for author-date style are the same whether you watched the movie on DVD or on Netflix. The reader can find that information when they look for the citation in your bibliography.

When you’re using the notes-bibliography style, in-text citations are understandably different. You number the note and include all the information from the bibliography citation for the first note. Later, you can use a shortened note to reference each movie version because you’ve already given the entire information in the first note.

Considerations for Citing Movies

Citing a movie isn’t too different from citing a book across various style guides, but you must pay attention to the details. Streaming services like Netflix and Hulu  changed the TV industry . It’s very simple to access movies and TV series you might not find otherwise.

When you watch movies online, make sure to cite if it came from Netflix or if it’s a YouTube video. While this article focused on movie citations, there are also differences when citing a TV show or podcast.

Easy Ways to Cite a Movie

Once you learn the basic information needed for a citation, it’s relatively simple to follow the specific formats for MLA, APA, or Chicago Style.

Doing large amounts of research can make it hard to focus on your references. Using the  Quetext citation generator  simplifies the process for you. Whether you’re working on an academic paper, a professional article, or checking your students’ work, Quetext helps with the citations while also checking for any sign of plagiarism.

Take out the stress and confusion of punctuation and parentheses, and let Quetext do the work for you.

Sign Up for Quetext Today!

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MLA Formatting Quotations

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MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (8 th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.

When you directly quote the works of others in your paper, you will format quotations differently depending on their length. Below are some basic guidelines for incorporating quotations into your paper. Please note that all pages in MLA should be double-spaced .

Short quotations

To indicate short quotations (four typed lines or fewer of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks. Provide the author and specific page number (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the in-text citation, and include a complete reference on the Works Cited page. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation.

Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage, but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text.

For example, when quoting short passages of prose, use the following examples:

When using short (fewer than three lines of verse) quotations from poetry, mark breaks in verse with a slash, ( / ), at the end of each line of verse (a space should precede and follow the slash). If a stanza break occurs during the quotation, use a double slash ( // ).

Long quotations

For quotations that are more than four lines of prose or three lines of verse, place quotations in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented 1/2   inch  from the left margin while maintaining double-spacing. Your parenthetical citation should come  after the closing punctuation mark . When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain double-spacing throughout your essay.)

For example, when citing more than four lines of prose, use the following examples :

Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

When citing long sections of poetry (four lines of verse or more), keep formatting as close to the original as possible.

In his poem "My Papa's Waltz," Theodore Roethke explores his childhood with his father:

The whiskey on your breath Could make a small boy dizzy; But I hung on like death: Such waltzing was not easy. We Romped until the pans Slid from the kitchen shelf; My mother's countenance Could not unfrown itself. (qtd. in Shrodes, Finestone, Shugrue 202)

When citing two or more paragraphs, use block quotation format, even if the passage from the paragraphs is less than four lines. If you cite more than one paragraph, the first line of the second paragraph should be indented an extra 1/4 inch to denote a new paragraph:

In "American Origins of the Writing-across-the-Curriculum Movement," David Russell argues,

Writing has been an issue in American secondary and higher education since papers and examinations came into wide use in the 1870s, eventually driving out formal recitation and oral examination. . . .

From its birth in the late nineteenth century, progressive education has wrestled with the conflict within industrial society between pressure to increase specialization of knowledge and of professional work (upholding disciplinary standards) and pressure to integrate more fully an ever-widening number of citizens into intellectually meaningful activity within mass society (promoting social equity). . . . (3)

Adding or omitting words in quotations

If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text:

If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipses, which are three periods ( . . . ) preceded and followed by a space. For example:

Please note that brackets are not needed around ellipses unless they would add clarity.

When omitting words from poetry quotations, use a standard three-period ellipses; however, when omitting one or more full lines of poetry, space several periods to about the length of a complete line in the poem:

How to Cite Netflix

Create citations for free.

Website Book Journal Netflix

Forget, “Netflix and Chill.” This post is about “Netflix and Research.” Netflix is a video streaming service, filled with numerous educational documentaries, entertainment videos, and original series. With thousands of movies and shows to choose from, it’s easy to understand why it has popped up in so many citations on Citation Machine.

If you’re wondering how to cite a movie you’ve seen on Netflix, look no further. This post explains how to cite a movie on Netflix in MLA, APA, and Chicago/Turabian. The example featured here is for a documentary titled, The Ivory Game.

To cite a Netflix video, you’ll need the following pieces of information:

• Title of the Netflix movie
• Name of the site (Netflix)
• Names of directors, producers, performers, and/or any other individuals
• Year the movie was released
• Name of the production or distribution company

Use the following structure to cite a Netflix movie in MLA 9:

On a website:

Movie Title . Directed by First name Last name, performance by First name Last name*, Production Company, Year published. Netflix, URL.

Movie Title . Directed by First name Last name, performance by First name Last name*, Production Company, Year published. Netflix app.

*Note: It isn’t always necessary to include the director and performer’s name(s). Include the names of any individuals who your research focuses on or names of individuals to help the reader locate the exact source themselves. It is acceptable to include producers, writers, creators, narrators, and other positions.

Here’s how the above example could be cited in MLA formatting :

The Ivory Game . Directed by Kief Davidson & Richard Ladkani, Volcan Productions, 2016. Netflix , www.netflix.com/title/80117533.

The Ivory Game . Directed by Kief Davidson & Richard Ladkani, Volcan Productions, 2016. Netflix app.

If you need help with in-text and parenthetical citations, CitationMachine.net can help. Our MLA citation generator is simple and easy to use!

Use the following structure to cite a Netflix movie in APA:

Last name of Documentary Producer, F. M. (Producer), & Last name of Documentary Director, F. M. (Director). (Year of release). Movie title [Video file]. Retrieved from Netflix’s homepage URL*

*Since this video is found through a subscription database, APA recommends using the URL of the homepage.

Here’s how the above example would be cited as an APA citation :

Kohler, W., Davidson, K., Knopfler, W, & DiCaprio, L. (Producers), & Ladkani, R., Davidson, K. (Directors). (2016). The ivory game [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.netflix.com

Use the following structure to cite a Netflix movie in Chicago/Turabian:

Director’s Last name, First name, dir. Movie Title . Production Company, Year of release. URL.

Here’s how the above example would be cited in Chicago:

Ladkani, Richard, and Kief Davidson, dirs. The Ivory Game . Vulcan Productions, 2016. https://www.netflix.com/title/80117533.

*Note that there are two directors in the above citation. The first director’s name is placed in reverse order (Last name, First name). The second director’s name is placed is natural order (First name Last name).

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / Harvard Referencing / Harvard Referencing Style Examples / How to Reference a Movie in Harvard Referencing Style

How to Reference a Movie in Harvard Referencing Style

This article will help you learn the correct way of citing a film based on the Harvard style of referencing. Specifically, you’ll need to cite your source in two places:

• In your paper via an in-text citation
• In your reference list via a full reference

An in-text citation is when you refer to the source material within the body of your work or text. The reference list is usually placed at the end of your work. It has a full reference for every source that has an in-text citation. The reference list goes beyond the in-text citation and gives a complete list of information about the works you have cited, so that the reader can find and read the original source.

If you are trying to cite a source that was posted on YouTube, you’ll instead need to know how to cite a YouTube video in Harvard style .

Here are some examples of how to reference films in Harvard style:

Film seen at the cinema

To reference a film seen at a cinema, you’ll need the following information:

• Title (in italics)
• Release year (in round brackets)
• Director name
• [Feature film]
• Place of distribution: Distributor

The Help (2011) Directed by Tate Taylor. [Feature film]. Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

For the in-text citation, the title of the film is used, followed by the release year separated by a comma, if the film title is not mentioned already. If the title is mentioned in the text, then only the year should be given, in round brackets.

The characters in The Help (2011) reveal…

The film showcases race relations during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi ( The Help , 2011).

Film from a streaming service

If you are referencing a film you viewed via a streaming service, here’s the information you’ll need for your reference:

• Name of the streaming service or DOI
• (Accessed: date)

Changeling (2008) Directed by Clint Eastwood. Available at: Netflix (Accessed: 22 September 2020).

For the in-text citation, the title of the film and date are used, separated by a comma, if the film title is not already mentioned. If it is, then only the date is necessary.

In Changeling (2008), Angelina Jolie plays the character…

Angelina Jolie ( Changeling , 2008) plays the character of a mother whose…

Film from a physical copy (DVD/Blu-ray)

If you want to reference a film you viewed on DVD or Blu-ray, you’ll need the following information:

• [DVD, catalogue number] or [Blu-ray, catalogue number] (in square brackets)

The BFG: Big Friendly Giant (2016) Directed by Steven Spielberg. [Blu-ray, 8042180]. Burbank, CA: Buena Vista Home Entertainment.

The in-text citation method is the same as in the previous two examples.

Key takeaways

• The methods for referencing films and videos differ according to the mode of viewing.
• The name of the film and year suffice for in-text citations of films viewed at the cinema, on DVD or through a streaming platform.

Published October 29, 2020.

Harvard Formatting Guide

Harvard Formatting

• et al Usage
• Direct Quotes
• In-text Citations
• Multiple Authors
• Page Numbers
• Writing an Outline
• View Harvard Guide

Reference Examples

• View all Harvard Examples

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How to Cite a Movie Quote

When you are caught up in writing an essay , paper, or article, you may need to throw in a direct quote here and there. The purposes may vary depending on the type of quote you're using or the effect you want to achieve. You may wish to add emphasis, authority, or clarity to your work. A quote can accomplish things that a paraphrase or summary simply cannot. A clear and direct voice can easily drive a point home better than the best group of sentences you can come up with.

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And along with this, in the process of sorting out your notes and research data, you may find that the quotes you'd like to include in your paper are not all from books and journal articles. Considering that your information can come from many sources, whether they be print, online, or audiovisual, it's a good chance that you can have sources ranging from books and government documents to mp3s, YouTube films and videos, and motion pictures. All of which need to be correctly cited a formatted. Which inevitably begs the question - how to cite a movie?

Referencing is always the most annoying part about creating academic papers. So many formats and requirements - you can easily get lost on a regular day, let alone quoting a movie! How to quote a film? Is citing movie quotes even allowed in college? How to cite movie quotes? How to quote a movie in an essay? How to cite a movie quote in MLA? Should you include the movie name? We answer all that and more in our article - read on to learn!

The improperly cited quote is a big problem. That's why we decided to help students and post this guide. You should be extremely careful when formatting your quotes because one mistake and you'll be accused of plagiarism. Assisting students in improving their writing skills is only one part of our work. Another and even more important one is online writing assistance.

Our name suggests that we are the  best custom writing service , and the fact that we share such valuable information for free proves it.

Formatting and Citation Styles Overview

A prerequisite to citing anything is a format and guideline to follow. It usually comes about from the three basic styling guides, APA , MLA, and Chicago Manual of Style (the Turabian styling guide is also popular but closely resembles the Chicago manual in many respects, the two are sometimes categorized together). A professor or publisher will usually request one of the three types of formatting styles, for both in-text and bibliographic listings.

These are the two main types of citations: one that appears in the text of a work and one that appears at the end. The in-text is how you indicate the source of your quote in the lines of the text of your paper and the work cited, bibliography or reference pages are where your source will show up at the end of your document.

It will be helpful to become familiar with all the styling guides to make things easier for you in the long run, but typically, you'll just need to know the details of the one being requested of you.

These are just the basics of formatting, but they can be confusing for inexperienced students or those who always ignore formatting rules. If you belong to one of these categories, our service is ready to lend you a helping hand. BestCustomWriting.com is more than just a website where you can get your essay or any other academic paper written by a professional writer.

If you face the need to use a movie quote in your essay and don't know how to cite it properly - we can help you. We help clients write their papers and guide them from the very beginning to the end. It means that we can create an essay from scratch and deliver a fully finished and formatted paper.

Audiovisual Citations

In most cases, since mostly the written word is used in research (whether online or in print), the chances of you using audiovisual material for research may be minimal. So this type of citing is usually not as common as the rest. But it still needs to be addressed to ensure that no traces of plagiarism in any fashion were found on a work of yours.

The following list is categorized by medium and provides details of both in-text citations and also ones that appear in a list at the end of the document.

APA (American Psychological Association)

Audio recording.

Let's say you've found a perfect podcast where someone brings up an argument that will prove your essay point. To create an in-text citation for this, include the name of the speaker in the parenthetical citation brackets followed by a comma and the year of the airing. When you want to include the name(s) of the speaker(s) into the text itself, paraphrase their quote and state the author with the year in brackets.

• [Quote] (Krasdale, 2010)
• In the discussion, Krasdale (2010) states that [paraphrased quote].

For the reference listing, state the last name of the speaker with their initials following after a comma and place a period before noting their role and the year of the airing in brackets after another period. Then comes the title of the material and its format in square brackets, with the name of website pages (or a web page) or a place where it can be accessed. The next sentence is the place of the recording's origin.

• Krasdale, S. (Speaker). (2010). The way money works (Cassette Recording No. 17). New York, NY: Education Plus Inc.

Film/Motion Picture

To quote films, you have to possess enough information about them and their creators. When you go with the in-text citation movie, the drill is the same as with the audio materials. Note the names of the producer and the director in parenthetical brackets, with the year the film came out included after a comma. Here's how to quote movies in APA:

• "We all have secrets: the ones we keep... and the ones that are kept from us." (Arad & Webb, 2012)

When referencing the film or a movie, type out the people who produced the film with their roles in brackets following each other, then goes the year of the movie release. The title comes with the format in square brackets, and then the country of origin along with the studio. It will look like this:

• Arad, A. (Producer), & Webb, M. (Director). (2012). The Amazing Spider-Man [Motion Picture]. United States: Columbia Pictures

Radio Broadcast

Radio quotes are used quite rarely these days, but you never know what awaits you around the corner!

If you're focused on carrying across the paraphrased point, meaning when you're providing the in-text citation, the scheme is usual.

• [Quote] (Lopez, 2013)

When listing, this goes similar to the podcast referencing, but you also need the radio studio and the creators to be placed after the name of the broadcast apart from just date and location.

• Lopez, P. (Narrator). (2013, March 1). The harms of secondhand smoke amongst children [Radio broadcast episode]. In E. McDonnell (Producer), Morning Edition. Washington, DC: National Public Radio.

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MLA (Modern Language Association)

Here, you don't need the year of the airing to provide a quote from a podcast. The name of the composer that produced the audio is enough.

• [Quote] (Kent)

Work cited listing goes a bit differently. Don't forget to write the full name of the performer followed by the name and the year of recording and the year of release following the name of the studio. Then goes the format.

• Kent, Abdullah. The diseases of the heart. 1995. True Audio, 1999. Audiocassette.

To quote a movie in MLA, just write its name in the brackets. Be advised to include the quotes from a movie in quotation marks if you're taking it word-by-word.

• "We all have secrets: the ones we keep... and the ones that are kept from us." (The Amazing Spider-Man)

For the work cited listing mention the director of the film and the studio, plus the year and the format.

• The Amazing Spider-Man . Dir. Marc Webb. Columbia Pictures, 2012. Film.

For in-text citation, the name of the broadcast is to be included in brackets.

• [Quote] ("Fun with marriage")

Work cited listing is an expanded version of the movie format but for radio and without the name of the creator.

• " Fun with marriage". Morning Digest. Philadelphia-Delaware Radio. WXKF, Philadelphia. 12 June 2002. Radio.

MLA basic rule of thumb. When providing in-text citations for MLA, you may notice that the in-text citation matches the beginning of the work cited listing. This is the basic setup for MLA referencing . To make finding a source relatively easy, the in-text citation will simply mirror the beginning of the listing that is found at the end of the paper.

Chicago Manual of Style

In Chicago, you only need to mention and give credit to someone if they actively participated in the creation of the work. You may also notice that Chicago allows you to make notes, which results in three formats as opposed to MLA/APA's two. Apart from that, there are quite a few similarities with previously mentioned styles, as you will see from the examples we provide below.

• First foot/endnote. Randolph Klein, Understanding French , Knowledge Productions 1678-CD, 2012, Compact disc.
• Subsequent notes. Klein, Understanding French .
• Bibliography. Klein, Randolph. Understanding French . Knowledge Productions 11678-CD. 2012. Compact disc.
• First foot/endnote. The Life of the Ruler , DVD, directed by Tod Lewis (1982; New Orleans, LA: Castle Light Productions, 2000).
• Subsequent notes. The Life of the Ruler .
• Bibliography. The Life of the Ruler . DVD. Directed by Tod Lewis. 1982; New Orleans, LA: Castle Light Productions, 2000.
• First foot/endnote. " Cleaning up after the tsunami ," Morning Digest, WXKF Philadelphia-Delaware Radio (Philadelphia, PA: WPKT, January 10, 2005).
• Subsequent notes. " Cleaning up after the tsunami "
• Bibliography. " Cleaning up after the tsunami ." Morning Digest. WXKF Philadelphia-Delaware Radio. Philadelphia, PA: WPKT, January 10, 2005.

Citing Tips

Citing using any manual of style can be a tedious process. When obtaining a movie or film quote, save some time by not watching anything at all. You can venture into the whole watching process until the point of no return, but all the videos found on YouTube can prove to you how much time you can save!

Tons of video recording, films, and motion pictures have transcripts available for them (as well as audio recordings). This is a tremendous help when providing direct quotations. Instead of struggling to decipher and record an exact statement, a keyword search in the work's transcript can just as easily provide the same results.

Please note that for some citation guidelines (such as MLA film or video recording citations), there is no one-size-fits-all method of citing. There are a few different methods citing based on what you would like to emphasize in your referencing (for example, the director or the people involved). Your citation would be changed because of that.

Also, your citation may be altered based on whether you provide a signal phrase or include the full reference in the text of your paper as opposed to using parenthetical citations. The default method for all the in-text citations above is parenthetical, with no signal phrases. And finally, there is no in-text citation format for the Chicago manual of style because footnotes and endnotes are utilized with this guide instead.

There is an even easier way to organize your references than manually. Look up citation generators and machines and thank us later!

We hope our guide on how to cite a quote from a movie and other audio sources in a paper helped you gain a little confidence.

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Jonne Graham

Education in the field of arts and cinema

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• Integrating Direct Quotations into Your Writing

by acburton | Mar 21, 2024 | Resources for Students , Writing Resources

If you’ve ever had a professor ask you to “use quotes” or quote other texts in your writing before, you know that it’s no easy task. It can feel awkward sometimes to determine what parts of the text are worth quoting, as well as how to directly quote in your writing without sounding too formulaic or repetitive. Keep reading for some strategies on effectively using direct quotations in your next writing project!

Why do I need to know how to directly quote?

If you’ve seen our blog post on “Quoting Directly,” you know that using direct quotations (or “quotes”) in our writing can be useful for a variety of reasons. By quoting other credible, relevant sources in our own writing projects, we can provide more convincing evidence and reasoning for our own ideas. Direct quotations are a type of support we can provide for our own arguments and claims, as it demonstrates to our readers that other writers agree with what we have to say.

What are different ways to directly quote in my writing so that I don’t sound repetitive?

A common way to integrate “quotes” in our writing is with the use of a signal phrase , which is a short phrase that indicates to readers that the writer is about to introduce another source. For example, we often use the phrase “According to” as a common signal phrase for introducing quotations. However, if we were to use “According to” for every single quotation in our essays, our writing would start to sound awfully repetitive and potentially boring or uninteresting.

So, here are some different approaches you can take for integrating direct quotations to have more variety and style in your writing!

1. Use a signal phrase to introduce the quotation

The two most commonly used signal phrases only require a couple of words, primarily a verb and the author’s name:

• The introductory phrase: “According to (author’s name and/or title of source),”. e.g., “According to Ahmed,” or “According to Ulmer in Internet Invention ,”.

After a signal phrase, you can quote from the text directly. Here are some important reminders to keep in mind whenever you directly quote another source in your own writing:

•  Use quotation marks “ “ and copy the passage exactly as it appears in the original text. If there is a grammatical or spelling error in the original source, you can use [sic] to cue to your reader that you did not make the mistake and are intentionally quoting the source material (for more on using [sic] in direct quotations, see our post on Quoting Directly ).
• Long Quotations in MLA format
• Long Quotations in APA format

Note: You can also use a signal phrase after the direct quotation for more variety in your sentence structure and style. You’d follow the same rules, except the quotation would come first, followed by your ‘says’ verb and the author.

It is usually better to lead with the author’s name and a ‘says’ verb because this introduces where the quotation is coming from (ensuring your reader is not confused) and is written in active voice, which is more direct and concise.

Example According to Melissa Dahl, “[Cringe is] the intense visceral reaction produced by an awkward moment, an unpleasant kind of self-recognition where you suddenly see yourself through someone else’s eyes. It’s a forced moment of self-awareness, and it usually makes you cognizant of the disappointing fact that you aren’t measuring up to your own self-concept” (Wynn).

While this is a direct quotation attributed to author Melissa Dahl, the in-text citation is credited to (Wynn) because the writer found this quotation in an original source published by Natalie Wynn. If you directly quote an author or writer whose work is quoted by another source, you cite the source that “houses” the passage. In other words, you cite the author who introduced you to the work. You can still credit the original author by introducing them in your signal phrase, as shown in the example above, but make sure your in-text citation credits the source you found the passage in.

2. Summarize the main ideas of the quotation to create a framework for the quotation, then use a colon to present the quotation.

For this method, you would provide a concise overview of the main ideas from the passage you wish to quote as a way of contextualizing what the source is about. This provides a helpful framework for the reader to understand the purpose and meaning of your quote better.

Example In Rebecca Solnit’s Wanderlust: A History of Walking, she raises several theoretical and philosophical viewpoints concerning both the act of walking, or flânerie, and the walker, or flâneur. On escapism, Solnit posits: “In the city, one is alone because the world is made up of strangers, and to be a stranger surrounded by strangers, to walk along silently bearing one’s secrets and imagining those of the people one passes, is among the starkest of luxuries” (23).

3. Blend a shorter quotation into your own sentence structure

This is the best method to use if you have only a short passage, some key words, or a specific phrase you want to quote in your writing. For this method, you want to build your own original sentence that leads up to the key ideas in your short quotation to blend it together as one cohesive sentence.

Example Within a participatory culture, individuals are often gathered together as a community due to shared interest networks, like video games, in which “members believe that their contributions matter” and there is “some type of informal mentorship whereby what is known by the most experienced is passed along to novices” (Jenkins 7).

Practice in the Writing Center

For more support and guidance on directly quoting, make an appointment with us here at the Writing Center! We can help you integrate “quotes” into your writing projects effectively and with style so that your support is interesting and convincing to readers.

For further reading, check out these resources from the Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) International Association:

• Integrate Quotations in Writing, by Carla Mannix (2017)
• List of Reporting Verbs, from University of Technology Sydney

***Adapted from TESOL International Association Handout “Integrate Quotations in Writing” by Carla Mannix, Nov. 2017

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• Nurturing a Growth Mindset to Overcome Writing Challenges and Develop Confidence in College Level Writing
• An Introduction to Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting

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25 quotes to greet the day and motivate you on Tuesdays

Tuesday is a bit of a wildcard in the day-of-the-week shuffle. Sometimes, you’re fueled with a surge of motivation that didn’t quite kick in on Monday. Other days, you’re wondering: Can it just be the weekend already?

Either way, we’re here to put some pep in your Tuesday step and share uplifting and inspiring quotes for weekday number two. Some of the quotes may be familiar, and some may already be go-tos in your arsenal (and of course, we had to throw in a few quotes from Mitch Albom’s bestseller Tuesdays with Morrie ).

Some of the quotes may cheer you on to finish that task on which you’ve been procrastinating and some may simply give something meaningful to contemplate throughout your day. For good measure, we threw in some excellent song lyrics about Tuesday, too.

And remember, quotes are like paint colors — what resonates for some people and makes their hearts soar with joy may fall flat for others. So, read the whole list to find that one treasure that may quickly become your new life mantra — and share this Tuesday quotes collection with others so they discover words that speak to them, too.

Ready to triumph over Tuesday? Keep reading for the 25 of the best quotes that capture the energy and potential that Tuesday brings.

Happy Tuesday Quotes

• “You’ll never change your life until you change something you do daily. The secret of your success is found in your daily routine.” ― John C. Maxwell
• “Accept who you are; and revel in it.” ― Mitch Albom, "Tuesdays with Morrie"
• “Don’t cling to things because everything is impermanent.” ― Mitch Albom, " Tuesdays with Morrie"
• “I give myself a good cry if I need it, but then I concentrate on all good things still in my life.” ― Mitch Albom, "Tuesdays with Morrie"
• Only teaching on Tuesdays, bookworming / in pajamas fresh from the washer each morning, / I hog a whole house on Boston’s / “hardly passionate Marlborough Street.”  — Robert Traill Spence Lowell, "Memories of West Street and Lepke"

• “Tuesday’s Child is full of grace” — Anonymous, “Monday’s Child Is Fair of Face,” nursery rhyme
• “A purse of gold most resolutely snatched on Monday night and most dissolutely spent on Tuesday morning.” — William Shakespeare, "King Henry IV, Part 1"
• “He couldn’t believe it was only Wednesday. And it was made worse when he realized it was actually Tuesday.” ― TJ Klune, "The House in the Cerulean Sea"
• “Why does February feel like one big Tuesday?” ― Todd Stocker
• “Fenugreek, Tuesday’s spice, when the air is green like mosses after rain.” ― Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, "The Mistress of Spices"

• “Your past does not equal your future.” ― Tony Robbins
• “I cannot make my days longer, so I strive to make them better.” ― Paul Theroux
• “Goodbye, Ruby Tuesday / Who could hang a name on you? / When you change with every new day / Still, I’m gonna miss you.” ― The Rolling Stones, “Ruby Tuesday”
• “Sweet Tuesday morning / You came and you smiled / And all of my fears,/ They have left me.” ― Badfinger, “Sweet Tuesday Morning”
• “Tuesday afternoon / I’m just beginning to see / Now I’m on my way / It doesn’t matter to me / Chasing the clouds away.” ― The Moody Blues “Tuesday Afternoon”

• “Renew, release, let go. Yesterday’s gone. There’s nothing you can do to bring it back. You can’t ‘should’ve’ done something.” ― Steve Maraboli, "Unapologetically You: Reflections on Life and the Human Experience"
• “The beginning is always today.” ― Mary Shelley
• “What worked yesterday doesn’t always work today.” ― Elizabeth Gilbert, Eat, Pray, Love
• “Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud.” ― Maya Angelou
• “If you don’t like the road you’re walking, start paving another one.” ― Dolly Parton

• “Every sunset is an opportunity to reset.”― Richie Norton
• “Perhaps one day it will be pleasing to recall even such hardships.” — Virgil
•  “Just two and a wake-up.”  — U.S. Military
• “The future depends on what we do in the present.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
• “I am rooted, but I flow.” ― Virginia Woolf

More quotes we love

• 101 of the best short quotes of all time

50 flower quotes that spread a little sunshine

• 55 spring quotes to welcome the arrival of the season

Perri is a New York City-born-and-based writer. She holds a B.A. in psychology from Columbia University and is also a culinary school graduate of the Natural Gourmet Institute. She's probably seen Dave Matthews Band in your hometown, and she'll never turn down a bloody mary. Follow her on Twitter  @66PerriStreet  or learn more at  VeganWhenSober.com

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'Quiet on Set' Episode 5 Is Coming: Here's How to Watch From Anywhere

The documentary series further explores Dan Schneider's run of Nickelodeon kids' shows and its stars.

• Though Kourtnee hasn't won any journalism awards yet, she's been a Netflix streaming subscriber since 2012 and knows the magic of its hidden codes.

Quiet on Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV is releasing a new episode, and viewers will hear more from former Nickelodeon cast members and their reactions to the docuseries. The first four parts of the documentary delved into TV producer Dan Schneider's time at Nickelodeon and the hit shows he created. In  a tweet , Investigation Discovery said more than 16 million people watched the series.

Titled Breaking the Silence, the new installment includes Drake Bell and other former child actors, and Soledad O'Brien will lead a discussion on kids in the entertainment industry. 

Even if you never watched Nickelodeon's biggest hits during the Schneider era, you're undoubtedly familiar with shows like iCarly, All That, Zoey 101, The Amanda Show and Drake & Josh. Stars of those shows have either gone on to further the stars' careers in acting and music or encountered obstacles in their personal lives. 

Quiet on Set features interviews from writers, actors and crew who worked on some of Schneider's shows, including cast members such as Alexa Nikolas, Giovonnie Samuels and Kyle Sullivan. According to Investigation Discovery, the doc has "additional cast and crew from iCarly, Sam & Cat, Victorious and other iconic series such as Marc Summers from the popular game show Double Dare. Poignantly, the series will also offer emotional testimony from parents of cast members who attempted to advocate for their children on these sets." Schneider has since responded about the documentary  via video.

Find out where and when to stream episode five in the docuseries without cable, and learn how a VPN may aid your viewing experience.

Read more :  What to Watch in 2024: 50 TV Shows We're Excited About

Dan Schneider on stage at 2014 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards with Nathan Kress, Victoria Justice, Drake Bell, Maree Cheatham, Leon Thomas III, Chris Massey and Josh Peck.

Stream 'Quiet on Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV' on Max

Episode 5 of the docuseries will air live on Investigation Discovery, and will also be available to stream on Max on Sunday,   April 7, at 8 p.m.ET/7 p.m. CT. You can also watch the first four parts of Quiet on Set on the streaming service. 

Carries Quiet on Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV

If you aren't already  subscribed to Max  (formerly HBO Max), you can get it for $10 a month (with ads) or $16 a month (ad-free). To watch in 4K, you can also sign up for the Ultimate plan for $20 per month.

Read more:  Best Streaming Services of 2024

Watch 'Quiet on Set' on a live TV streaming service

Several live TV streaming services carry the ID channel, with Philo and Sling TV being among the least expensive. Watch the new episode during its live broadcast at  8 p.m. ET/7 p.m. CT on April 7.

Carries ID channel

Philo costs $25 a month and provides access to the ID channel. The platform also comes with a seven-day free trial. 

Sling TV offers the ID channel on all three of its plans: Sling Orange, Sling Blue and Sling Orange + Blue. The Orange plan starts at $40 per month in most regions ($45 in others) as does the Blue plan. For the beefier Sling Orange + Blue, the price starts at $55 per month. New subscribers can sign up and get half off their first month. 

How to watch 'Quiet on Set' from anywhere with a VPN

Maybe you're traveling abroad and want to stream the docuseries while away from home. With a VPN, you can virtually change your location on your phone, tablet or laptop to access it from anywhere. There are other good reasons to use a VPN for streaming, too.

A VPN is the best way to encrypt your traffic and stop your ISP from throttling your speeds. Using a VPN is also a great idea if you're traveling, find yourself connected to a Wi-Fi network and want to add an extra layer of privacy for your devices and logins. Streaming TV can be a bit smoother with a reliable, quality VPN that's passed our tests and security standards.

You can use a VPN to legally stream content as long as VPNs are allowed in your country and you have a valid subscription to the streaming service you're using. The US and Canada are among the countries where VPNs are legal, but we advise against streaming or downloading content on illegal torrent sites. We recommend ExpressVPN , but you may opt for another provider from our  best list, such as Surfshark or NordVPN . 

Best VPN for streaming

ExpressVPN is our current best VPN pick for people who want a reliable and safe VPN, and it works on a variety of devices. It's normally $13 a month, and you can sign up for ExpressVPN and save 35% -- the equivalent of $8.32 a month -- if you get an annual subscription.

Note that ExpressVPN offers a 30-day money-back guarantee.

Follow the VPN provider's instructions for installation and choose a country where Quiet on Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV will be streaming on a service like Max. Before opening the streaming app, be sure you're connected to your VPN using your selected region. If you want to stream the TV show on multiple devices, you may need to configure each to ensure you're signed in. Go to settings and check your network connections to verify you're logged in and connected to your VPN account. 

If you run into streaming issues, first ensure your VPN is up and running on its encrypted IP address. Double-check that you've followed installation instructions correctly and you've picked the right geographical area for viewing. If you still encounter connection problems, you may need to reboot your device. Close all apps and windows, restart your device, and connect to your VPN first. Note that some streaming services have restrictions on VPN access. 

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Generate accurate APA citations for free

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• APA Style 6th edition
• How to cite a movie in APA Style (6th edition)

Citing a Movie in APA Style (6th Edition) | Format & Examples

Published on November 5, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on January 17, 2024.

To cite a movie in APA Style , list the film’s producer(s) and director as authors and the production studio as publisher. The title is written in sentence case and italicized, followed by the label “Motion picture” in square brackets.

The APA 6 in-text citation includes the last names of the producer(s) and the year. If you are referring to a specific quote or scene from the movie, add a timestamp to direct the reader to the relevant part.

Table of contents

Citing movies in different formats, where to find source information for a movie citation.

In general, you don’t need to specify the format in which you watched the film. However, if you are discussing a specific version of the film (for example, if you refer to the special features of a DVD), you can specify the version in the citation.

In these cases, the publication date is the release year of the specific version, not the general release:

Dempsey, C., Guiney, E., & Magiday, L. (Producers), & Lanthimos, Y. (Director & Producer). (2016). The lobster [Motion picture; DVD release ]. UK: Film4.

As in the above example, when the director is also a producer, this information should be included.

Movies on Netflix and other streaming services

You don’t usually need to state that a film was viewed on a particular streaming service (like Netflix or Hulu). Just follow the standard format without mentioning where you viewed the film.

However, if the film was also produced by a streaming company (e.g. a Netflix Original), you should replace the studio information with a URL linking to their site:

Johnson, M., Bernstein, M., Newirth, C., & Paul, A. (Producers), & Gilligan, V. (Director & Producer). (2019). El Camino: A breaking bad movie [Motion picture]. Retrieved from https://www.netflix.com

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The source information you need for your citation can usually be found in the movie’s end credits or on the packaging for a physical release. Otherwise, you can find it on IMDb .

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2024, January 17). Citing a Movie in APA Style (6th Edition) | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved March 25, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/6th-edition/archived-movie/

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Carnival says Baltimore bridge collapse could bring up to $10M earnings impact in 2024

The francis scott key bridge collapses due to a ship strike tuesday morning.

Baltimore bridge aftermath looks 'surreal, something out of a movie': Luke McFadden

Maryland resident and craft fisherman Luke McFadden details the local community's reaction to the aftermath of the Baltimore bridge collapse.

Carnival Corporation said Wednesday the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse in Maryland could have a negative effect on its full-year earnings.

The cruise line operator told shareholders it could see a "current estimated impact of up to $10 million on both adjusted EBITDA [earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization] and adjusted net income for the full year 2024."

The bridge fell into the Patapsco River near Baltimore early Tuesday morning. Its collapse stemmed from a large container ship striking one of its support columns.

Multiple vehicles on the commuter bridge plunged into the water following the collapse. Rescue teams have begun searching for the victims who fell into the Patapsco River. (Al Drago/Bloomberg / Getty Images)

The nearby Port of Baltimore has experienced some disruptions due to the Francis Scott Key Bridge incident, halting vessel traffic "until further notice" though it said Tuesday. "Trucks are being processed within our marine terminals" still. 

BALTIMORE BRIDGE COLLAPSE SHUTTERS PORT INDEFINITELY, IMPACTING SUPPLY CHAIN

Carnival, which sails out of the Baltimore port for certain cruises, said it did not incorporate the $10 million estimated impact in its 2024 outlook "given the timing of yesterday’s event in Baltimore and the temporary change in homeport." It also reported seeing "record" first quarter revenues of $5.4 billion and a smaller net loss of $214 million.

In this photo illustration the British-American cruise operator, currently the world's largest travel leisure company, Carnival Corporation & Plc logo seen displayed on a smartphone with an economic stock exchange index graph in the background. (Budrul Chukrut/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images / Getty Images)

Just a day earlier, the company temporarily switched the homeport of its Carnival Legend ship to Norfolk, Virginia, amid the ongoing situation in Baltimore.

EX-MERCHANT MARINE CAPTAIN WARNS THERE IS ‘NO WAY OF CONTROLLING’ CARGO SHIP WITH MECHANICAL ERROR

"Fortunately, our teams quickly secured a temporary homeport in Norfolk for as long as it's needed, which should help to minimize operational changes," CEO Josh Weinstein told analysts and investors on Tuesday. "We look forward to getting back to our home in Baltimore as soon as possible."

The cruise terminal in the Port of Baltimore served over 444,000 people taking cruises operated by companies like Carnival, Norwegian and Royal Caribbean last year, according to the Maryland State Archives.

In an aerial view, cargo ship Dali is seen after running into and collapsing the Francis Scott Key Bridge on March 26, 2024 in Baltimore, Maryland. (Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images / Getty Images)

The port also facilitates quite a bit of trade. In 2023, for example, a record-setting 52.3 million tons of foreign cargo came through it, the Maryland governor’s office said.

FRANCIS SCOTT KEY BRIDGE COLLAPSE: FAST FACTS ABOUT THE PORT OF BALTIMORE

The Maryland governor’s office has also said no other U.S. port handled as much volume of "autos and light trucks, roll on/off heavy farm and construction machinery, imported sugar, and imported gypsum" as the Port of Baltimore last year.

'Quiet on Set': How to watch and what to know about the Nickelodeon documentary

The four-part documentary series "Quiet on Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV" aired earlier this week and has taken the internet by storm. The content in the series has unraveled many of the rumors and accusations that have been circulating the internet for some time now about what happened behind the scenes of many beloved Nickelodeon TV shows, specifically shows produced by Dan Schneider.

If you haven't had a chance to watch it yet, here is how you can watch and everything you need to know.

When did 'Quiet on Set' premier?

The first two episodes of "Quiet on Set" premiered on Sunday, March 17 and the third and fourth episodes premiered on Monday, March 18. The show premiered on Investigation Discovery , a network owned by Warner Bros Discovery that focuses on true crime.

All four episodes can be watched on Investigation Discovery by signing in with your television provider.

Where is it streaming?

Don't worry, if you missed the premier you can still watch "Quiet on Set" on various streaming platforms. It is available to stream on Max, The Roku Channel, and Apple TV with premium subscriptions. It can also be watched on Philo, Fubo TV, and Sling TV.

What is the series about?

The series' IMDB page describes it as a "docu-series that uncovers the toxic culture behind some of the most iconic children's shows of the late 1990s and early 2000s."

The series heavily focuses on former Nickelodeon actor, producer, and creator Dan Schneider. He worked on popular TV shows such as "The Amanda Show," "iCarly," "All That," "Zoey 101," "Victorious," and "Drake and Josh."

The four episodes detail Schneider's emergence into Nickelodeon, the power he held over his sets, accusations against him regarding a sexist and toxic environment, and the arrests of two crew members for child abuse.

Additionally, former child-star Drake Bell of "The Amanda Show" and "Drake and Josh" speaks out about how he survived abuse at the hands of his acting coach, who he met on a Nickelodeon set.

Who is featured in the series?

The series features numerous people who were involved with Nickelodeon shows and Schneider including crew members, writers, directors and more.

Along with Drake Bell, former child stars share their stories such as Alexa Nikolas who played Nicole Bristow on "Zoey 101" as well as multiple cast members from "All That" including Giovonnie Samuels, Leon Frierson, Bryan Hearne, Kyle Sullivan and Katrina Johnson.

Nickelodeon's response

Nickelodeon has not publicly responded to the documentary series telling CBS News in a statement that it can't "corroborate or negate allegations from productions decades ago."

Dan Schneider's response

While he was a prominent subject of the series, Schneider was not directly featured. He posted a public response to his YouTube channel on Tuesday.

In the almost 20-minute video, Schneider sits down for an interview with Boogie, commonly known as T-Bo from "iCarly."

Throughout the video they discuss numerous topics that were brought up in the docu-series including the writer's room, wage discrepancies, diversity, Bryan Peck and Drake Bell, and Dan's relationship with cast members, specifically Amanda Bynes.

"Watching over the past two nights was very difficult with me facing my past behaviors, some of which are pretty embarrassing, and I regret, and I definitely owe some people a pretty strong apology," says Schneider in the video. "When I watched the show, I could see the hurt in some people's eyes and it made me feel awful, and regretful, and sorry ... Look, I wanted to make funny TV shows for kids, and we definitely did that but if I could go back, I would get it done in different ways."

Schneider and Nickelodeon parted ways in 2018.

Josh Peck and other stars respond

Former Nick stars who were not directly featured in the show have spoken out in the days following the premier.

One notable former cast member is Josh Peck, co-star to Drake Bell on "The Amanda Show" and "Drake and Josh." Peck released a statement to his Instagram on Thursday that said, "I finished the Quiet on Set documentary and took a few days to process it. I reached out to Drake privately but want to give my support to the survivors who were brave enough to share their stories of emotional and physical abuse on Nickelodeon sets with the world."

Peck continued his statement by saying, "Children should be protected. Reliving this publicly is incredibly difficult, but I hope it can bring healing for the victims and their families as well as necessary change to our industry."

Other stars have shared statements about the documentary including Nancy Sullivan. who played Drake's mom on "Drake and Josh," and Devon Werkheiser, who played Ned on "Ned's Declassified."

A few notable stars who have not yet spoken publicly about the documentary include Victoria Justice, Amanda Bynes, Miranda Cosgrove, Kenan Thompson, Ariana Grande, Jamie Lynn Spears and Jerry Trainor among others.

How to watch the controversial new series 'Quiet on the Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV'

"Quiet on the Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV" has made a lot of headlines. Shining a new light on some of the most popular children's shows of the 1990s and early 2000s, the four-part documentary series explores allegations of abuse and toxic behavior behind the scenes on shows like "Drake & Josh," "The Amanda Show" and "iCarly," created for the Nickelodeon network by Dan Schneider.

Schneider has come under fire for his behavior and the environment on the sets of his shows. This documentary includes Drake Bell of "Drake & Josh" publicly telling his story of being abused by a dialogue coach who worked for Nickelodeon for the first time.

Where can I watch 'Quiet on the Set?' documentary

All four episodes are available to stream on the Investigation Discovery network and Max.

In addition to Bell, actors who participate in the series include the cast of "All That" and Alexa Nikolas of "Zoe 101," as well as producers, writers and crew members of several shows.

Dan Schneider denies allegations

Schneider has been criticized before, accused of sexualizing young actors in his shows. He responded to Variety through a representative, denying the accusations .

Jennette McCurdy has written about her Nickelodeon experiences

"Quiet on the Set" isn't the first time the Nickelodeon children's-TV empire has come under fire. In her bestselling memoir, " I'm Glad My Mom Died ," former "iCarly" and "Sam and Cat" star Jennette McCurdy details her experiences on-set while she worked on the shows.

How to watch 'Quiet on the Set'

Streaming now on Investigation Discovery and Max.

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