modules 5 8 sam capstone project 1a newsight consulting

New Perspectives Excel 2019 | Modules 5-8: SAM Capstone Project 1a

• March 1, 2024
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NewSight Consulting

ANALYZE DATA WITH TABLES AND WHAT-IF TOOLS

GETTING STARTED

Download and open the file  NP_EX19_CS5-8a_  StartFile .xlsx  from Canvas.

Save the file as  NP_EX19_CS5-8a_  FirstLastName .xlsx  .

If you do not see the  .xlsx  file extension in the Save As dialog box, do not type it. The program will add the file extension for you automatically.

To complete this SAM Project, you will also need to download and save the following data files from Canvas onto your computer:

Support_EX19_CS5-8a_2020.xlsx

Support_EX19_CS5-8a_Management.docx

This project requires you to use the Solver add-in. If this add-in is not available on the Data tab in the Analyze group (or if the Analyze group is not available), install Solver as follows:

In Excel, click the File tab, and then click the Options button in the left navigation bar. Click the Add-Ins option in the left pane of the Excel Options dialog box. Click the Manage arrow, click the Excel Add-Ins option, and then click the Go button. In the Add-Ins dialog box, click the Solver Add-In check box and then click the OK button. Follow any remaining prompts to install Solver.

PROJECT STEPS

Benicio Cortez is a financial consultant with NewSight Consulting in Denver, Colorado. He is working with DIG Technology, a company that sells five models of portable speakers to consumers in North America. In an Excel workbook, Benicio is analyzing the performance of each speaker model and projecting sales for a new product. He asks for your help in completing the analysis. Go to the  U.S.  worksheet. Benicio has received annual sales worksheets from the main offices in the three countries where DIG Technology sells products: the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The worksheets for the countries have a similar structure. Complete the worksheets as follows:

Group the  U.S. ,  Canada , and  Mexico  worksheets.

In cell F5, insert a formula using the  SUM  function that totals the Mini sales amounts for Quarters 1–4 (range  B5:E5 ).

Fill the range F6:F7 with the formula in cell F5 to display the totals for the other types of portable speakers.

Ungroup the worksheets and then check to confirm that all three worksheets reflect the changes you made in this step.

Go to the  All Locations  worksheet, where Benicio wants to summarize the quarterly and annual totals from the three locations for each type of product. Consolidate the sales data from the three locations as follows:

In cell B5, enter a formula using the  SUM  function and 3-D references that totals the Mini sales values (cell  B5 ) in Quarter 1 from the  U.S. ,  Canada , and  Mexico  worksheets.

Fill the range C5:E5 with the formula in cell B5 to total the Mini sales for Quarters 2–4.

Fill the range B6:E7 with the formulas in the range B5:E5 to total the sales for the other products in Quarters 1–4.

Benicio started to define names for cells and ranges in the  All Locations  worksheet to make it easy to identify the total sales for each product. He wants you to add a defined name for the Waterproof sales amounts and then find the total annual sales for each product. Create and use defined names as follows:

Create a defined name for the Waterproof sales amounts (range B7:E7) using  Waterproof_Total  as the name.

In cell F5, enter a formula using the  SUM  function to display the total of the sales amounts in the  Mini_Total  range.

In cell F6, enter a formula using the  SUM  function to display the total of the sales amounts in the  Voice_Activated_Total  range.

In cell F7, enter a formula using the  SUM  function to display the total of the sales amounts in the  Waterproof_Total  range.

Benicio wants to compare the sales of each product in 2021 with the sales in 2020. He has the 2020 sales data stored in a separate workbook. Add the 2020 sales data to the  All Locations  worksheet as follows:

Open the workbook  Support_EX19_CS5-8a_2020.xlsx .

Return to the  All Locations  worksheet in the original workbook.

In cell G5, enter a formula using an external reference to display the total sales of Mini products in 2020 (cell  F5 ).

In the formula in cell G5, change the absolute reference to a mixed reference, with a relative reference to the row number.

Fill the range G6:G8 with the formula in cell G5, filling without formatting.

Close the workbook Support_EX19_CS5-8a_2020.xlsx.

In the range B12:E12, Benicio wants to display a rating depending on the total sales for each quarter. He listed the rating criteria in the range A14:F15. For example, if total sales in Quarter 1 are between $5900 and $5999, the Performance rating is Good. Enter the performance ratings as follows:

In cell B12, start to enter a formula using the  HLOOKUP  function.

Use the Total Q1 sales (cell  B8 ) as the value to look up.

Use the Revenue Amts and Rating information (range  $B$14:$F$15 ) as the table containing the lookup data, using absolute references to specify the range.

Specify that row  2  contains the value you want to return, which is the performance rating.

Specify an approximate match (  TRUE ) because the Revenue Amts represent ranges of values.

Fill the range C12:E12 with the formula in cell B12 to enter ratings for Quarters 2–4.

In the range I3:L7, Benicio listed information about the managers of the DIG Technology main offices in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. He needs to add a link to the email address of the U.S. manager. In cell L5, create a link to the  [email protected]  email address without changing the display text.

Benicio also wants to make it easy to access more detailed information about the managers, which he has stored in a Word document. Create a link to a file as follows:

In cell I9, create a link to the Word document  Support_EX19_CS5-8a_Management.docx .

Use  Management Details  as the text to display.

Use  Access manager details  as the ScreenTip text.

Go to the  Current Sales  worksheet, which contains a table listing sales data for January, 2022. To make it easy to refer to the data, the table has been renamed “Sales”. Benicio wants to use the table data in formulas. In column G, Benicio wants to indicate whether DIG Technology should send the customer a promotional offer. Customers are eligible for the offer if they purchased a Mini 2 in the U.S. Provide the promotional offer information for Benicio as follows:

In cell G5, start to enter a formula using the  AND  function and structured references.

The first condition tests whether the value in the Product column (  [@Product] ) equals  “Mini 2” , the product eligible for the promotional offer.

The second condition tests whether the value in the Location column (  [@Location] ) equals  “U.S.” , the location eligible for the promotional offer.

If Excel does not fill the column, fill the range G6:G40 with the formula in cell G5.

The Sales table is currently sorted by the values in the Sale ID column, but Benicio wants to sort the table by date, then amount to make it easier to track the data. Apply a custom sort to the Sales table to sort it in ascending order first by the values in the  Date  column, and then by the values in the  Amount  column.

Benicio wants to make sure that the Sales table does not contain any duplicate records, which would make any sales analysis incorrect. Identify and remove duplicate records in the Sales table as follows:

In the range A5:A40, create a conditional formatting  Highlight Cells Rule  that formats  Duplicate Values  in  Light Red Fill with Dark Red Text .

Delete the second duplicate record from the table. (  Hint : Do not delete the row from the worksheet.)

Benicio might want to filter the Product Details data in the range I4:M16, so he asks you to format it as a table. Format the range I4:M16 as a table using  Light Gray, Table Style Medium 14  to match the Sales table.

To make it easier to refer to the data, assign the table name  Details  to the table in the range I4:M16 to make it easy to refer to the data. (Hint: Rename the table, not the range.)

Benicio wants to examine the January, 2022 sales by country and channel. Create a PivotTable based on the Sales table as follows:

On a new worksheet, insert a PivotTable based on the data in the Sales table, and use  January Pivot  as the name of the worksheet.

Display the Channel Type values as column headings.

Display the Location values as row headings.

Sum the  Amount  values

Format the PivotTable as follows to make it easier for Benicio and others to interpret:

Apply the  Currency  number format with  0  decimal places and the  $  symbol to the Sum of Amount values.

Use  Sales (000s)  as the custom name of the Sum of Amount field.

In cell A4, use  Country  to identify the row headings.

In cell B3, use  Channel  to identify the column headings.

Change the PivotTable style to  White, Pivot Style Medium 14  to coordinate with the tables on the  Current Sales  worksheet.

Benicio wants to isolate sales for each product. Insert a slicer as follows to filter the PivotTable:

Insert a slicer based on the  Product  field.

Move and resize the slicer so that it covers the range F3:G12.

Benicio also wants to compare the sales data by country in a visual format, and then display data only for the Mini 1, the company’s best-selling product. Create a PivotChart as follows:

Insert a  Stacked Column  PivotChart based on the data in the PivotTable.

Move and resize the PivotChart so that it covers the range A10:E25.

Format and filter the PivotChart as follows to meet Benicio’s requests:

Change the colors of the PivotChart to  Monochromatic Palette 6  to coordinate with the PivotTable.

Use the slicer to display sales data for only the  Mini 1  in the PivotTable and PivotChart.

Go to the  Sales Projections  worksheet, which provides a profit analysis of a new virtual assistant product DIG Technology is planning to develop. Benicio wants to make sure the total expense per unit sold calculation in cell B17 does not produce a divide by zero error. Modify the formula in cell B17 as follows:

Add the  IFERROR  function to the formula in cell B17.

Use  “Divide total expenses by units manufactured”  as the message to display in case of an error.

Benicio has already calculated that the gross profit for the new product could be nearly $295,000 based on a unit price of $159.99 and unit sales of 22,000. He wants to see how the gross profit changes if the price or unit sales are different. Create a two-variable data table as follows to calculate gross profit as the price and unit sales change:

For the range D4:K9, create a two-variable data table using the price per unit (cell  B6 ) as the Row input cell.

Use the units sold (cell  B5 ) as the Column input cell.

Go to the  Suppliers  worksheet, where Benicio wants to determine whether subcontracting could reduce the cost of the new virtual assistant product. Run Solver to solve this problem as follows:

Set the objective as minimizing (  Min ) the total cost (cell  E10 ).

Use the units produced values (range  B5:D5 ) as the changing variable cells.

Adjust the number of units produced by each supplier using the following constraints: · Set the total number of virtual assistants produced (cell  E5 ) as greater than or equal to  11,000 , DIG Technology’s minimum production goal. · Set the total cost (cell  E10 ) to be less than or equal to  925,000 , the maximum total cost DIG Technology wants to spend. · Set the total number of virtual assistants produced by a single supplier (range  B5:D5 ) to be less than or equal to  4000  to balance the production among the suppliers. · Make sure the values in the range  B5:D5  are  integers  since DIG Technology cannot sell a fraction of a product.

Run Solver, keep the solution, and then return to the Solver Parameters dialog box. Save the model in the range  A14:A21 .

Run Solver again, create an Answer report, and then close the Solver Parameters dialog box.

Go to the  Product Mix  worksheet, which calculates the profit from each model of portable speaker. Benicio wants to compare three scenarios: one with the current prices and costs, another with the prices raised $10.00, and a third that reduces the variable costs per unit by $5.00. He has already created the first two scenarios and defined names for cells and ranges. Create a third scenario as follows:

In the Scenario Manager, add a scenario using  Reduced Costs  as the name.

Accept the same changing cells (nonadjacent ranges B6:F6 and B11:F12) as the other two scenarios.

Reduce each variable cost per unit value (Mini1_Variable_Cost, Mini2_Variable_Cost, VoiceXP_Variable_Cost, VoiceXP10_Variable_Cost, and Waterproof_Variable_Cost) by $5.00.

Create a Scenario Summary report that summarizes the effect of the three scenarios. Use the profit per unit sold (range  B17:F17 ) as the result cells.

Return to the  Product Mix  worksheet. Benicio wants to provide a visual way to compare the scenarios. Use the Scenario Manager as follows to create a PivotTable that compares the profit per unit in each scenario as follows:

Create a Scenario PivotTable report using the profit per unit sold (range  B17:F17 ) as the result cells.

Remove the Filter field from the PivotTable.

Change the number format of the value fields to  Currency  with  2  decimal places and the  $  symbol.

Your workbook should look like the Final Figures on the following pages. Save your changes, close the workbook, and then exit Excel. Submit your completed project in Canvas.

(The Answer Report 1 worksheet and Scenario Summary worksheet have intentionally not been shown.)

Final Figure 1: U.S. Worksheet

Final Figure 2: Canada Worksheet

Final Figure 3: Mexico Worksheet

Final Figure 4: All Locations Worksheet

Final Figure 5: January Pivot Worksheet

Final Figure 6: Current Sales Worksheet

Final Figure 7: Sales Projections Worksheet

Final Figure 8: Suppliers Worksheet

Final Figure 9: Scenario PivotTable Worksheet

Final Figure 10: Product Mix Worksheet

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New      Perspectives Excel 2019 | Modules 5-8: SAM Capstone Project 1a

                                                                            Newsnight Consulting  ANALYZE DATA WITH TABLES AND WHAT-IF TOOLS

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Explanation & Answer

View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions. Author: Note: Do not edit this sheet. If your name does not appear in cell B6, please download a new copy of the file from the SAM website. New Perspectives Excel 2019 | Modules 5-8: SAM Capstone Project 1a NewSight Consulting ANALYZE DATA WITH TABLES AND WHAT-IF TOOLS Luz Aguilar Note: Do not edit this sheet. If your name does not appear in cell B6, please download a new copy of the file from the SAM website. f the file from 2021 Sales: United States Type Q1 Q2 Q3 Mini $ 1.021 $ 1.025 $ 1.076 $ Voice-activated 987 990 1.015 Waterproof 815 826 834 Total $ 2.823 $ 2.841 $ 2.925 $ in $000 Q4 1.027 1.016 859 2.902 Total $ 4.149 4.008 3.334 $ 11.491 Type Q1 Mini $ 604 Voice-activated 497 Waterproof 429 Total $ 1.530 in $000 2021 Sales: Canada Q2 Q3 $ 609 $ 601 495 502 423 431 $ 1.527 $ 1.534 Q4 $ 602 523 435 $ 1.560 Total $ 2.416 2.017 1.718 $ 6.151 Type Q1 Mini $ 741 Voice-activated 328 Waterproof 504 Total $ 1.573 in $000 2021 Sales: Mexico Q2 Q3 $ 740 $ 744 312 327 506 499 $ 1.558 $ 1.570 Q4 $ 750 324 503 $ 1.577 Total $ 2.975 1.291 2.012 $ 6.278 Type Mini $ Voice-activated Waterproof Total $ Q1 2.366 1.812 1.748 5.926 2021 Sales: All Locations Q2 Q3 Q4 $ 2.374 $ 2.421 $ 2.379 1.797 1.844 1.863 1.755 1.764 1.797 $ 5.926 $ 6.029 $ 6.039...

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8 Projects that Exemplify Moscow's Urban Movement

• Written by Marie Chatel
• Published on July 27, 2016

When it comes to urbanism these days, people’s attention is increasingly turning to Moscow . The city clearly intends to become one of the world’s leading megacities in the near future and is employing all necessary means to achieve its goal, with the city government showing itself to be very willing to invest in important urban developments (though not without some criticism ).

A key player in this plan has been the Moscow Urban Forum . Although the forum’s stated goal is to find adequate designs for future megacities, a major positive side-effect is that it enables the city to organize the best competitions, select the best designers, and build the best urban spaces to promote the city of Moscow. The Forum also publishes research and academic documents to inform Moscow’s future endeavors; for example, Archaeology of the Periphery , a publication inspired by the 2013 forum and released in 2014, notably influenced the urban development on the outskirts of Moscow, but also highlighted the importance of combining urban development with the existing landscape.

Concluding earlier this month, the 2016 edition of the Moscow Urban Forum focused on smart cities and the impact of technology on the ways we interact with people and use public infrastructure and civic spaces. The 2016 Forum invited city officials, urbanists, and architectural practitioners – including Yuri Grigoryan from Project MEGANOM ; Pei Zhu from Studio Pei Zhu ; Hani Rashid from Asymptote ; Reinier de Graaf from OMA ; Yosuke Hayano from MAD Architects ; and Kengo Kuma from Kengo Kuma Architects – to share about their knowledge and experiences in urban design. With the city looking forward to the built results of the latest Forum, we take a look back at some of the major developments in Moscow that have emerged in the past five years.

1) Gorky Park and Garage Museum

In 2010 the city government decided to improve Muscovites’ urban environment and create public spaces, and Gorky Park was the first project of note. The Russian equivalent of Central Park, it used to attract masses of tourists to its amusement park, but no residents would spend time there. Its reconstruction began in 2011 and featured infrastructure for strolling, sport, work, culture and leisure.

Inside the park lies the Garage Museum of Contemporary Art , a landmark building from the Brezhnev communist era which was renovated and transformed by OMA in 2015. The Dutch firm kept the original structure “as found,” only repairing elements from its prefabricated concrete walls – often clad with brick and decorative green tiles. Instead, the redesign focused on a double-skin facade of polycarbonate plastic that enclosed the original structure and preserved it from decay.

2) Zaryadye Park, Diller Scofidio + Renfro

Due to open in 2018, Zaryadye Park designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro is probably one of Moscow ’s most cutting-edge projects. Located next to the Kremlin, the Red Square, and St Basil’s Cathedral, the project embodies what the architects calls “Wild Urbanism.” The project notably includes four artificial microclimates that mimic Russian landscape typologies: the steppe, the forest, the wetland and tundra. “It is a park for Russia made from Russia,” as Charles Renfro explains , in that “it samples the natures of Russia and merges them with the city, to become a design that could only happen here. It embodies a wild urbanism, a place where architecture and landscape are one.”

3) Moscow Riverfront, Project Meganom

Russian firm Project Meganom has also designed an ambitious project for Moscow ’s riverfront. Their masterplan also aims for a dialogue between the built and natural environment. A series of linear green spaces follow the river, and lines for pedestrians, cyclists, cars, and public transport are clearly delineated, improving the use of the public squares. River embankments are also transformed to function as areas for activities, communication, education and creativity nodes for public gathering.

4) Krymskaya Embankment, Wowhaus Architecture Bureau

Wowhaus Architecture Bureau recently transformed the 4-lane road at Krymskaya Embankment into a landscape park that connects Gorky Park with Krymsky bridge. The area used to be deserted, but is now reactivated with distinct transit and sport zones, as well as pavilions for artists’ exhibitions. Wave-shaped bicycle ramps, paths, and benches feature on the artificial landscape, which is also used for sledding, skiing, and skating in the winter.

5) Hermitage Museum and ZiL Tower in Moscow, Asymptote Architecture

New York architectural firm Asymptote Architecture are currently building two projects, a 150-meter residential tower and a satellite facility for St Petersburg’s well-known Hermitage Museum , where modern and contemporary art collections will be displayed. Situated in one of Moscow ’s oldest industrial areas, Asymptote’s buildings will lie in place of a Constructivist factory – which explains why the museum was reportedly inspired by El Lissitzky's "Proun" painting, as the terrace interior clearly shows.

6) “My Street”

“My Street” is the largest-scale program led by Moscow ’s government. The project aims to create about 50 kilometers of new pedestrian zones within the city center and periphery. The extensive program aims to solve parking issues, renovate street facades, and repair sidewalks and walkways with delimited areas for public transports, cars, cyclists, and pedestrians. “My Street” also requires a strong governance strategy and coordination; led by the Strelka Institute’s consultation arm KB Strelka , the project also involves 17 Russian and foreign architecture practices that were all individually in charge of one street, square or group of streets. Notable architects include the German firm Topotek 1 , the Dutch group West 8 , and the Russian firm Tsimailo , Lyashenko and Partners.

7) Moscow Metro

Moscow Metro is an architectural masterpiece that has been elaborated on since the 1920s. Its stations from the Stalin era are known for their unique designs with high ceilings, elaborate chandeliers and fine granite and marble cladding. To ensure that Moscow Metro remains an emblem of the city’s urban culture and powerful transportation system, the city’s government organized various competitions for the renovation of some Metro stations. Russian-based practice Nefa Architects was chosen to redesign Moscow’s Solntsevo Metro Station, while Latvian firm U-R-A will transform Novoperedelkino Subway Station . New stations are also being built, including two stations by Russian firms Timur Bashkayev Architectural Bureau and Buromoscow which should be completed by the end of 2018.

8) Luzhniki Stadium

Luzhniki Stadium is Moscow ’s main venue for sporting and cultural events. With Russia hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup , the stadium should reflect Moscow’s intent to become a leading megacity, which is why $540 million has been spent on construction works. Its renovation mainly focuses on the roof and seating areas, and the capacity is planned to increase up to 81,000 seats. Works will be completed by 2017.

Find out more information and talks on Moscow’s urban development and the future of megacities on Moscow Urban Forum’s YouTube channel .

• Sustainability

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Moscow major projects

Since launching modern Russia’s largest construction program in 2011, Moscow has more than doubled its territory. To catalyze the full potential of this rapidly-growing metropolitan area of 19.5 million people, the City of Moscow’s government pays significant attention to infrastructure as one of the key pillars of urban development—with a current focus on projects that create livable and comfortable urban spaces for both citizens and tourists.

Following its first five years of projects, Moscow was given special recognition for “demonstrating outstanding strategic commitment and ambition” by the International Association of Public Transport (UITP). That period saw 50 million square meters of real estate developed, 370 social infrastructure objects built, and the metro expanded by 30 percent—including 101 kilometers of metro lines and 55 new stations. Innovative finance solutions, necessitated by the city government’s debt-free approach to development, enabled all this whilst maintaining a budget surplus and remaining a net donor region within Russia.

On 30-31 May 2018, the City of Moscow and Mosinzhproekt—a large Russian engineering, construction and project management company—hosted an Innovation Site Visit to showcase Moscow’s major projects to the Global Infrastructure Initiative (GII) community. Through roundtable discussions and site visits with project executives, participants explored where innovation and technology have enabled the step-changes that have allowed Moscow to deliver major projects on a short timeline—and how to apply these lessons to other cities and major projects.

The following insights emerged during GII’s Innovation Site Visit in Moscow:

• Establish a structure for citizen involvement. Major urban infrastructure projects are an extremely visible expenditure of taxpayer funds while also often being large disruptors of daily life. A foundation of citizen support is essential for success and requires a thoughtful engagement program. In Moscow, citizens are encouraged to participate in the planning process by steering major initiatives through the “Active Citizen” application—a portal for online referendums on topics appropriate for democratic decision-making. To date, almost 2 million citizens have cast more than 90 million votes on over 3,000 issues through the platform. The purpose of this structure is to increase the opportunity for citizen engagement and involvement with their city’s major investments.
• Manage the disruption ‘cost’. Major urban projects cannot be delivered without disrupting daily life. While citizens can be enrolled to accept the disruption as a necessary investment for a better outcome, equal attention needs to be given to managing the disruption ‘cost’ as to managing real expenditures. For example, MyStreets, a project to upgrade and enhance Moscow’s urban environment through reconstruction of streets and building façades, was disruptive to many citizens and commuters. However, through staging and swift execution, the disruption was minimized and the intended lifestyle improvements were quickly delivered to Muscovites and tourists who traverse newly styled pedestrian streets every day.
• Invest in technology to optimize sequencing. Moscow’s cohesive vision for urban transformation has allowed early investments in technology to assist future delivery. One of the first projects completed was the centrally-controlled traffic management system which can monitor traffic conditions and urban movement through more than 2,000 traffic cameras and 160,000 CCTV cameras installed across the city. Data collected on current conditions, and knowledge of planned activities, allows real-time rerouting of traffic through the city’s dynamic signage. It also allowed identification and analysis of permanent traffic flow changes that could further ease disruptions like those created by the major construction projects.

Moscow traffic speed increased over 13% in 201.

• Maximize utility of brownfield sites. A key reason the Moscow Central Circle (MCC), a new light-rail system integrated into the Moscow Metro, was completed in a record four-year period was the repurposing of existing brownfield networks which allowed the installation of modern technology on existing rail transport routes. The MCC’s 31 new stations will revitalize formerly abandoned industrial areas when its next stage of development builds an expected 300,000+ square meters of hotels, 250,000+ square meters of retail, and 200,000+ square meters of offices. This will give districts with historically poor infrastructure access a chance to develop at the same pace as the rest of the city.
• Leverage PPPs to enhance basic services. To manage public cost and investment while delivering world-class infrastructure, municipalities need access to additional financing tools. Based on a structure that took an act of federal legislation, the MCC is an example of enhancing publicly developed foundations with private services. The tracks and land are owned by the Moscow Metro, with the rolling stock subcontracted to Russian Railways under a life cycle contract with a guaranteed buyback. The innovation is that Moscow Metro is licensing the development rights of its individual stations to private investors. Though all stations will exist under the same covenants, individual investors will assume their station’s construction cost and operational risk and rewards.
• Create citizen-centric spaces. In addition to serving as open spaces, today’s city residents expect their parks to provide for entertainment and consumer services too. Many modern parks offer architectural features, charismatic vistas, and social, educational, and artistic spaces for all ages. When Zaryadye Park, an area of prime real estate next to the Kremlin was converted to parkland, an international contest resulted in 10 hectares being densely designed for this multi-function purpose. The outcome was two concert venues, restaurants, a parking garage, an entertainment complex, and a biological education center, all neatly camouflaged into a natural landscape that represents Russia’s ecological diversity.
• Innovate where needed but not excessively. Moscow’s planners and builders did not shy away from technological innovation. The MCC used weldless joint rails to create a smoother and quieter system that is easier on riders and less disruptive to residents living near the railway tracks. The retrofit designs for Luzhniki Stadium were fully modeled in building information management (BIM)—a step which identified more than 100,000 conflict points before they could escalate into project delays. However, the project teams were also careful not to force innovation where it could create unnecessary risk and complications. Instead, they delivered the massive project portfolio by tactically melding innovations with highly-proficient execution of well-known and proven methods.

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