oral presentation and infographic

5. Presentations, posters and infographics

Presentations can be in person or online, live or recorded or a mixture of all of these. Check your assignment instructions or marking criteria first, so you know exactly what is required.

Techniques for keeping your audience engaged

Interactivity for online presentations, presentation slides, images and icons, infographics, types of presentations.

Consider the audience, purpose, context and format when planning your presentation.

• Will your presentation be  face-to-face, online, or both ? You might do your presentation to a “live” audience but have it recorded for others to watch later.
• What  format or medium  will you use? A visual presentation may take the form of slideshow, a poster or an infographic. An oral presentation could be with or without extra visual elements.
• An  interactive presentation or workshop  will involve you presenting your knowledge and ideas but should also provide opportunities for activities and interaction, including debate, questions or role play.

Regardless of the format, a  clear structure  and  compelling content  are essential to keep your audience interested.  Presentation skills  from Student Support gives an overview of things to be aware of when presenting, like using effective eye contact and gestures.

Practice your presentation — record yourself to check the timing. Are you speaking too fast or too slow? Are you changing your tone of voice? A monotone can be very boring. Practice again to improve your pace and tone.

Central Library has a Presentation room where you can practice your presentation with the same equipment  that you will use in your  lecture room . Feel confident using a data projector, interactive whiteboard, document camera and more, to be ready to present in your lecture.

Know your topic well  — if you barely understand what you are talking about it will be difficult to speak well. Find out as much as you can to inform your presentation. Think about how much your audience knows on the topic so you know what needs to be explained.  Examples or anecdotes  help make a presentation more interesting and relevant.

Use notes or an outline as a prompt  — when you are nervous it is easy to forget the brilliant things you had planned to say. Notes can act as a reminder of the  key points . However, if you have the whole speech written out, you will be tempted to read it as is and that can ruin the conversational tone or spontaneity of your presentation.

Use strategic pauses  — pause before and after important points to  provide   emphasis  and to grab your audience’s attention.

Ask questions   — this is a good way to keep your audience interested and involved. Prepare some questions to ask your audience. Questions about their  own experiences or thoughts  are easier and less scary for your audience to answer than questions that require a “correct” response.

Repeat audience questions  — if a participant asks a question it is always a good idea to repeat the question to ensure that  everyone hears it . This is crucial for online attendees who often can’t hear anything not spoken into the microphone.

Watch this video in the  How to make a great presentation  playlist for tips on how to make a lasting impression on your audience.

Tools for online presenting

Zoom is video conferencing software that can be used for presentations and meetings. UQ provides access to an  upgraded version of Zoom for students and staff. You can send a link to participants to join your presentation. The web browser client will download automatically when the participants join their first Zoom meeting, and is also available for manual download.  You can share your screen and record the session. Make sure you get your participants’ permission before you start recording.

These tools and features can help make your online presentation more interactive:

Chat  — turn chat on so your audience can type their questions and respond to your questions. If possible, have a helper to monitor chat for you. Alternatively, you could use  Twitter  to involve your audience and allow them to give feedback.

The ability to mute or unmute participants  — allow individuals in your audience to ask questions and respond without having the constant noise of the whole audience unmuted in the background. Establish some guidelines at the start of your session about how participants can indicate that they want to ask a question. Some tools allow participants to use a raised hand icon or they can send a message via the chat function.

Whiteboard tool  — the whiteboard will usually allow text, drawing, highlighting etc. You and your audience can share concepts and ideas.

Shared document  — this could be a Word document or spreadsheet on OneDrive or Google Drive. Set the access so others can comment or edit the shared document.  Writing and referencing tools  has information on accessing and using these tools.

Mind mapping and brainstorming tools  — tools like  Coggle  and  Bubbl.us  are good for thinking up ideas and mapping out complex concepts.  Padlet  allows posts, linking, uploads etc.  UQ has a license for Padlet  with additional functionality compared to the free version. Visit Study tools  for more information about mind mapping and brainstorming tools.

Poll tool  — you can post a question or idea and your audience can vote on it or provide feedback or comments:

• Zoom has a poll tool. View  Host a poll  instructions on  Managing Zoom meetings .
• Slido  has a free basic plan that requires registration. Slido allows audience members to comment or ask questions during a presentation
• Tricider  is a free polling tool that doesn’t require registration, just a link to the question.

If your design skills aren’t great, follow these design tips to create appealing presentations:

• Be  consistent  with your headings, fonts, colours, layout, themes (shapes, symbols, icons etc)
• Only have  one idea or point  per slide
• Have no more than  six bullets  per slide
• Use  words as cues  rather than having complete sentences
• Only use  one chart or graphic  per slide. For information on how to  visualise your data , visit our Working with data and files module.

Slide and presentation tools

Find out about more  presentation tools .

• Fonts should be  easy to read
• Be  consistent  with your sizing for headings, subheadings and paragraphs
• Make your heading font  distinctive  from your paragraph font
• Use a maximum of  two or three  fonts
• Don’t go smaller than an  18 point  font for face-to-face presentations. It has to be large enough to be visible on the screen
• Same family  fonts look good together.

Get information and tips to help you  choose fonts .

• Use just two colours for a simple, clean design
• Grey is a good contrast colour or choose a lighter shade of the main colour.

• Try the Color Harmony   options, such as Analogous, Complementary and Shades
• Drag the circles on the wheel to spin to different colours
• Change the  RGB  (Red, Green, Blue) colour value codes that set the hue, saturation and lightness.
• You could also click the  Explore  option to search for different colour combinations

Copy the code values to set the same colours in your presentation.

Other colour tools

• w3schools.com has a  colour picker tool  to set different colour values
• Colorbrewer2.org  allows you to select a Colorblind safe option. It is designed for creating map colours but you can use the colour information in your presentations. You can change the number of colours and there are different export formats.

Using images or icons instead of text can make your presentation look more interesting. The  Find and use media module lists sources of images. Remember to check the Creative Commons licence type to see how you should credit the author. Public domain images do not require an attribution.

High resolution images are better for print formats. Images you download from the web are often low resolution to reduce the file size. If you are creating a print document, look for the full resolution option, if available.

Find  icons  for reuse:

• The Noun project  — has Creative Commons and public domain icons
• flaticon.com

Screenshots :

• Take a screenshot.org  — explains how to capture the full screen or a specific area on different devices
• Nimbus Screenshot & Screen Video Recorder  — this Chrome extension lets you take a screenshot of the entire current page. It also has a screen recording function but it is limited in the free version. Other browsers should have similar tools.

Use  GIMP , free image editing software, to resize or edit images. Find out about  more tools for working with images .

Posters are often used at conferences or other events to share important research. You can use the same design tips for colour, fonts and themes for creating a research or abstract poster. Other design elements include:

• Use a 3 or 4  column  format
• Try to keep 40% of the poster as  white space , with no text or images. It helps organise the flow of information and prevents cluttering
• Keep a margin around the edge of the poster
• Use a large  heading  for your title across the top and  sub-headings  on your columns
• Title heading — 85 point font
• Subheadings — 36 point
• Body text — 24 point

The  CLIPS website  has information on what to put in a  science poster , a PowerPoint for posters video and PowerPoint templates, in different sizes, for download.

More PowerPoint instructions:

• Set the size of the slides  to the poster requirements before you start
• Convert your slide to a PDF  before you print it to keep the formatting as you intended.

Layout and Composition: Grids (LinkedIn Learning, 1h1m)  looks at how to use grids to create strong and consistent designs for posters. A UQ login is required.

Don’t forget to include references and attributions.

Print your poster

You can  print up to A3 size , using your UQ ID card or print/copy card in the Library.

Other  specialised printing services  are available for larger sizes and high quality colour, including from  UQ Print .

Infographics and presentation software are excellent ways to present information and data in a visually appealing format. Online infographics can include interactive elements. Infographic examples:

• Information is Beautiful
• Tableau Public Gallery
• Daily Infographic

Choose a tool that allows you to share a link to your infographic or presentation.

Get  more information about infographic tools .

Types of Assignments Copyright © 2023 by The University of Queensland is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Infographics

How to Present Research Findings in an Infographic

You might not realize it, but infographics are one of the main ways we absorb information.

If you start to look for them, you’ll notice them everywhere. From school textbooks to brochures to public information leaflets, infographics are a concise way of sharing facts and opinions.

They’re also handy for conveying research results, as the graphical format with limited text is much easier to absorb than your average research paper.

This guide will take a closer look at research infographics and how you can share your findings through this specific infographic type.

Table of contents

• What is a research infographic

Why you should use infographics to present the results of your research

How to present research findings in an infographic, tips to help you properly convey data in your infographic.

• Beyond research: Other popular infographic uses 

Takeaways on how to create infographics for research

  Get a free Piktochart account  for access to our online infographic maker and free infographic templates.

What is a research infographic?

A research infographic aims to present research findings in a digestible format. They often include bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphical data .

This type of infographic tends to highlight significant figures and statistics with brief supporting texts so that the most important takeaways are clear.

If you’re still unclear on what we mean, here’s an example of what a market research infographic might look like. It shows the most important facts and figures, the headlines of your research. Of course, your full results will probably go a lot deeper than these key points. 

You don’t need to limit yourself to a single image. If we continue with this example, we can see more detailed graphs and information further down the infographic. 

This is a fairly standard infographic template for research findings. Notice the simple, consistent color choices, complimentary images, and minimal text. These are important elements of the visual design.

Infographic designs aren’t just for fun. There are well-established psychological reasons for pairing data and information with relevant images. 

1. Visual processing is important for absorbing information

The UK psychologist Richard Gregory theorized that  perception relies on top-down processing . That means what we expect to see is as important as what we actually see. 

That is to say, when we see something, we form an image based on what is there. But, it’s also informed by our past experiences. We contextualize what we see without even thinking about it. Gregory created an experiment using a hollow mask to demonstrate the effect. 

As the mask rotates, we can see the hollow back. Yet, when the mask is fully rotated, the brain takes the image of the hollowed-out face and fills in the details. It looks to us as though the features are protruding. 

2. Color and typography can affect memory

Gregory’s work is far from the only research that backs up the need for infographics. In 2011, Sanocki and Sulman studied the relationship between color patterns and memory. Among their conclusions were two points that are highly relevant here.

First, they found it easier for us to remember complementary color patterns . That means colors that work together rather than clashing. We also remember patterns with fewer colors better than those with many. 

If you remember the infographic example above, you can see this color theory in action. There are only a few colors, they work together and the content is contrasted by its background. It uses everything that Sanocki & Sulman found to affect retention positively. 

Further research has backed up their findings. Color isn’t the only factor affecting our retention though; even the typography type of your text can make a difference. Increasing font size can help pick out important information, and proper typesetting increases reader engagement.   

You can see that there are many good reasons to use infographics. Follow this step-by-step guide to making research infographics.

• Step 1: Start with a good foundation of data
• Step 2: Create an outline with the data gathered
• Step 3: Translate data into icons, graphs, and other visual elements
• Step 4: Write a structure

Step 5: Lay a basic design for your infographic.

Step 6: refine the colors, fonts, and visual elements.

These will help you create a research infographic that leaves a lasting impression.

Step 1: Start with a good foundation of data.

The first part of creating an infographic is getting the info. The information is what you’re trying to convey, so your research comes first. Having a good foundation of data will let you reinforce your main point with more granular detail later. 

The density of data is important to a good infographic. As we showed in the example earlier, you can extract your main talking points and present these up-front. Then, use your more detailed graphical data to provide a comprehensive backup.

Not all the information you want to present will necessarily be based on hard figures. For example, you may need to provide some background information, or you may need to present more qualitative findings. 

This will be determined by your research and your audience. Qualitative research infographics will use more text and non-data-based imagery. 

You’ll often find that research infographics need to balance both qualitative and quantitative findings. That’s the case for infographics based on descriptive research that is used to describe a population, circumstance, or phenomenon.

Let’s say you’re researching electronic signature software. On the one hand, you’ll have figures from researching your options, like DocuSign pricing . Yet, your reasons for choosing a certain provider might not be entirely financial. 

Factors like business relationships or reliability might come into play. These are much harder to measure with numbers, so you need to balance the figures with supporting text and images to illustrate these points.      

Step 2: Create an outline with the data gathered.

Organizing your data should be your next priority. Consider what your primary and secondary information is and use this to create an outline of your infographic. Think of your outline as the story you want to tell with your research results. 

Consider the following key points to help create your outline :

• Plan your heading & subheadings. 
• Determine the key takeaways you want to leave with your readers.
• Match your data to your relevant headings.
• Finish with a brief conclusion reinforcing your key takeaways.

You’ll need to fill this in with more detail later on. For now, this should give you a good idea of how your infographic will flow.  

Step 3: Translate data into icons, graphs, and other visual elements.

Take your data points and create interesting visual representations. You can use graphs and charts , but these aren’t always the most interesting way to illustrate a point. You can also make use of supporting imagery for a more creative effect. 

Take a look at this example:

The key facts and figures are all present but the visual design encompasses much more than just the pie charts and percentages. Having someone experienced in graphic design for business  to work on your infographic can be a big help.

Step 4: Write a structure.

Now you need to combine your visual data points with your outline and fill in the details.

This is where you’ll create all of the text for your infographic. Remember that all text should be clear and concise, don’t write out anything you can show instead. 

If you’re not using an infographic template , then you’ll also need to consider the formatting of your text. This means how your headings, subheadings, and paragraphs will be aligned on the page. You’ll also need to consider how this fits with your images and graphics. 

Don’t stop with your first draft. Treat this like you would if you were creating any other written content. Refine your draft, remove anything unnecessary and work on phrasing and clarity. 

Don’t forget to have the document edited, either. Having another pair of eyes will help you eliminate minor errors. It can also be useful for gaining an outside perspective on your text, letting you know whether your points are easy for a reader to grasp. 

Now it’s time to set out your final design. If you’re not into graphic design, then this part can be tricky. 

Luckily, there are plenty of ready-made templates to refer to. There are even tools that can take statistical data from programs like Excel and  create infographics for you . 

Keep your structure handy. This will help you finalize the design as you integrate all the important data, infographics, and supporting text and images. 

Once you have your final design, all that’s left is the polish. You’ll need to coordinate your color palette carefully. 

Remember that complimentary colors work best. If you want your audience to retain the information, less is more. Don’t add too much color variation. 

You’ll also need to ensure that your imagery supports the color choices. Avoid visual clutter and try to favor clean designs. Take some time at this stage to show your design to a small audience group and collect feedback. 

What you’re aiming for is a graphic that conveys information clearly. Pay special attention to what your audience retains from your graphic. If the points they are taking away aren’t the points you wanted to reinforce, then you need to work on the layout and flow. 

Recommended reading : 4 Steps to Choosing Good Color Combinations for Your Infographic

While you’re in the process of designing your research infographic, keep these tips in mind to make your content clear and concise. 

1. Focus on the message 

What are you telling your audience? Your infographic should have a clearly defined message. 

You set what the audience expects with your title, back up your point with data, then finish with a short conclusion that reinforces that message. 

2. Only write the main idea and focus 

Stay away from lengthy paragraphs and explanatory text. Keep your infographic focused on the visual data points that you’re presenting. 

Simple and easy-to-read fonts and contrasting backgrounds for texts are good practices to get a few sentences across. 

3. Use short sentences 

Use as few words as possible. Keep your content minimal because the right sentence phrasing and word choice can make all the difference. 

Cutting down on specific jargon can work well for a pre-educated audience. For example, If you’re talking to developers, you could use “programming APIs” instead of differentiating the Spark, Python, and  PySpark data type . 

Beyond research: Other popular infographic uses

Presenting research findings isn’t the only use for infographics. We often see examples of infographics at work and in our day-to-day lives.

For example, education has embraced the infographic for everything from  curriculum planning  to mapping course schedules. 

The process infographic is another type we see a lot. These infographics chart a process from start to finish. They’re usually set out in a number of steps like a flow chart. This can be a useful visual aid for explaining a process and works as reference material. 

In marketing, infographics are often used as an engaging way of sharing facts and figures about a product or business. They can be a valuable form of customer education, too. Take a look at this example. 

The infographic covers business storytelling in a simple and concise way. It’s possible to get the gist of the graphic at a glance, but key information is highlighted and expanded upon. 

In summary, infographics are the most effective way to present your research results. This is especially true if you’re presenting findings to a wider audience. 

With research infographics, you can convey information simply and clearly and help your audience focus on what your research findings mean.

Keep in mind the six steps for creating your infographic for sharing research results:

• Visualize your data.

The specifics will be down to you. 

To stay on track, keep in mind your research objectives. Ask yourself your desired outcomes and how your infographic will help you achieve that.  

Whatever your goal for your research infographic, designing an infographic is a breeze with Piktochart’s infographic maker. You can create a custom infographic in under 30 minutes without prior design skills, just like in the tutorial below. Try it for free .

Pohan Lin is the Senior Web Marketing and Localizations Manager at Databricks, a global Data and AI provider connecting the features of data warehouses and data lakes to create lakehouse architecture along with TensorFlow by Databricks. With over 18 years of experience in web marketing, online SaaS business, and e-commerce growth. Pohan is passionate about innovation and is dedicated to communicating the significant impact data has in marketing. Pohan Lin has also written for domains such as Landbot and PPC Hero.

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Blog Beginner Guides

8 Types of Presentations You Should Know [+Examples & Tips]

By Krystle Wong , Aug 11, 2023

From persuasive pitches that influence opinions to instructional demonstrations that teach skills, the different types of presentations serve a unique purpose, tailored to specific objectives and audiences.

Presentations that are tailored to its objectives and audiences are more engaging and memorable. They capture attention, maintain interest and leave a lasting impression. 

Don’t worry if you’re no designer —  Whether you need data-driven visuals, persuasive graphics or engaging design elements, Venngage can empower you to craft presentations that stand out and effectively convey your message.

Venngage’s intuitive drag-and-drop interface, extensive presentation template library and customizable design options make it a valuable tool for creating slides that align with your specific goals and target audience. 

Click to jump ahead:

8 Different types of presentations every presenter must know

How do i choose the right type of presentation for my topic or audience, types of presentation faq, 5 steps to create a presentation with venngage .

When it comes to presentations, versatility is the name of the game. Having a variety of presentation styles up your sleeve can make a world of difference in keeping your audience engaged. Here are 8 essential presentation types that every presenter should be well-acquainted with:

1. Informative presentation

Ever sat through a presentation that left you feeling enlightened? That’s the power of an informative presentation. 

This presentation style is all about sharing knowledge and shedding light on a particular topic. Whether you’re diving into the depths of quantum physics or explaining the intricacies of the latest social media trends, informative presentations aim to increase the audience’s understanding.

When delivering an informative presentation, simplify complex topics with clear visuals and relatable examples. Organize your content logically, starting with the basics and gradually delving deeper and always remember to keep jargon to a minimum and encourage questions for clarity.

Academic presentations and research presentations are great examples of informative presentations. An effective academic presentation involves having clear structure, credible evidence, engaging delivery and supporting visuals. Provide context to emphasize the topic’s significance, practice to perfect timing, and be ready to address anticipated questions. 

2. Persuasive presentation

If you’ve ever been swayed by a passionate speaker armed with compelling arguments, you’ve experienced a persuasive presentation . 

This type of presentation is like a verbal tug-of-war, aiming to convince the audience to see things from a specific perspective. Expect to encounter solid evidence, logical reasoning and a dash of emotional appeal.

With persuasive presentations, it’s important to know your audience inside out and tailor your message to their interests and concerns. Craft a compelling narrative with a strong opening, a solid argument and a memorable closing. Additionally, use visuals strategically to enhance your points.

Examples of persuasive presentations include presentations for environmental conservations, policy change, social issues and more. Here are some engaging presentation templates you can use to get started with: 

3. Demonstration or how-to presentation

A Demonstration or How-To Presentation is a type of presentation where the speaker showcases a process, technique, or procedure step by step, providing the audience with clear instructions on how to replicate the demonstrated action. 

A demonstrative presentation is particularly useful when teaching practical skills or showing how something is done in a hands-on manner.

These presentations are commonly used in various settings, including educational workshops, training sessions, cooking classes, DIY tutorials, technology demonstrations and more. Designing creative slides for your how-to presentations can heighten engagement and foster better information retention. 

Speakers can also consider breaking down the process into manageable steps, using visual aids, props and sometimes even live demonstrations to illustrate each step. The key is to provide clear and concise instructions, engage the audience with interactive elements and address any questions that may arise during the presentation.

4. Training or instructional presentation

Training presentations are geared towards imparting practical skills, procedures or concepts — think of this as the more focused cousin of the demonstration presentation. 

Whether you’re teaching a group of new employees the ins and outs of a software or enlightening budding chefs on the art of soufflé-making, training presentations are all about turning novices into experts.

To maximize the impact of your training or instructional presentation, break down complex concepts into digestible segments. Consider using real-life examples to illustrate each point and create a connection. 

You can also create an interactive presentation by incorporating elements like quizzes or group activities to reinforce understanding.

5. Sales presentation

Sales presentations are one of the many types of business presentations and the bread and butter of businesses looking to woo potential clients or customers. With a sprinkle of charm and a dash of persuasion, these presentations showcase products, services or ideas with one end goal in mind: sealing the deal.

A successful sales presentation often has key characteristics such as a clear value proposition, strong storytelling, confidence and a compelling call to action. Hence, when presenting to your clients or stakeholders, focus on benefits rather than just features. 

Anticipate and address potential objections before they arise and use storytelling to showcase how your offering solves a specific problem for your audience. Utilizing visual aids is also a great way to make your points stand out and stay memorable.

A sales presentation can be used to promote service offerings, product launches or even consultancy proposals that outline the expertise and industry experience of a business. Here are some template examples you can use for your next sales presentation:

6. Pitch presentation

Pitch presentations are your ticket to garnering the interest and support of potential investors, partners or stakeholders. Think of your pitch deck as your chance to paint a vivid picture of your business idea or proposal and secure the resources you need to bring it to life. 

Business presentations aside, individuals can also create a portfolio presentation to showcase their skills, experience and achievements to potential clients, employers or investors. 

Craft a concise and compelling narrative. Clearly define the problem your idea solves and how it stands out in the market. Anticipate questions and practice your answers. Project confidence and passion for your idea.

7. Motivational or inspirational presentation

Feeling the need for a morale boost? That’s where motivational presentations step in. These talks are designed to uplift and inspire, often featuring personal anecdotes, heartwarming stories and a generous serving of encouragement.

Form a connection with your audience by sharing personal stories that resonate with your message. Use a storytelling style with relatable anecdotes and powerful metaphors to create an emotional connection. Keep the energy high and wrap up your inspirational presentations with a clear call to action.

Inspirational talks and leadership presentations aside, a motivational or inspirational presentation can also be a simple presentation aimed at boosting confidence, a motivational speech focused on embracing change and more.

8. Status or progress report presentation

Projects and businesses are like living organisms, constantly evolving and changing. Status or progress report presentations keep everyone in the loop by providing updates on achievements, challenges and future plans. It’s like a GPS for your team, ensuring everyone stays on track.

Be transparent about achievements, challenges and future plans. Utilize infographics, charts and diagrams to present your data visually and simplify information. By visually representing data, it becomes easier to identify trends, make predictions and strategize based on evidence.

Now that you’ve learned about the different types of presentation methods and how to use them, you’re on the right track to creating a good presentation that can boost your confidence and enhance your presentation skills . 

Selecting the most suitable presentation style is akin to choosing the right outfit for an occasion – it greatly influences how your message is perceived. Here’s a more detailed guide to help you make that crucial decision:

1. Define your objectives

Begin by clarifying your presentation’s goals. Are you aiming to educate, persuade, motivate, train or perhaps sell a concept? Your objectives will guide you to the most suitable presentation type. 

For instance, if you’re aiming to inform, an informative presentation would be a natural fit. On the other hand, a persuasive presentation suits the goal of swaying opinions.

2. Know your audience

Regardless if you’re giving an in-person or a virtual presentation — delve into the characteristics of your audience. Consider factors like their expertise level, familiarity with the topic, interests and expectations. 

If your audience consists of professionals in your field, a more technical presentation might be suitable. However, if your audience is diverse and includes newcomers, an approachable and engaging style might work better.

3. Analyze your content

Reflect on the content you intend to present. Is it data-heavy, rich in personal stories or focused on practical skills? Different presentation styles serve different content types. 

For data-driven content, an informative or instructional presentation might work best. For emotional stories, a motivational presentation could be a compelling choice.

4. Consider time constraints

Evaluate the time you have at your disposal. If your presentation needs to be concise due to time limitations, opt for a presentation style that allows you to convey your key points effectively within the available timeframe. A pitch presentation, for example, often requires delivering impactful information within a short span.

5. Leverage visuals

Visual aids are powerful tools in presentations. Consider whether your content would benefit from visual representation. If your PowerPoint presentations involve step-by-step instructions or demonstrations, a how-to presentation with clear visuals would be advantageous. Conversely, if your content is more conceptual, a motivational presentation could rely more on spoken words.

6. Align with the setting

Take the presentation environment into account. Are you presenting in a formal business setting, a casual workshop or a conference? Your setting can influence the level of formality and interactivity in your presentation. For instance, a demonstration presentation might be ideal for a hands-on workshop, while a persuasive presentation is great for conferences.

7. Gauge audience interaction

Determine the level of audience engagement you want. Interactive presentations work well for training sessions, workshops and small group settings, while informative or persuasive presentations might be more one-sided.

8. Flexibility

Stay open to adjusting your presentation style on the fly. Sometimes, unexpected factors might require a change of presentation style. Be prepared to adjust on the spot if audience engagement or reactions indicate that a different approach would be more effective.

Remember that there is no one-size-fits-all approach, and the best type of presentation may vary depending on the specific situation and your unique communication goals. By carefully considering these factors, you can choose the most effective presentation type to successfully engage and communicate with your audience.

To save time, use a presentation software or check out these presentation design and presentation background guides to create a presentation that stands out.    

What are some effective ways to begin and end a presentation?

Capture your audience’s attention from the start of your presentation by using a surprising statistic, a compelling story or a thought-provoking question related to your topic. 

To conclude your presentation , summarize your main points, reinforce your key message and leave a lasting impression with a powerful call to action or a memorable quote that resonates with your presentation’s theme.

How can I make my presentation more engaging and interactive?

To create an engaging and interactive presentation for your audience, incorporate visual elements such as images, graphs and videos to illustrate your points visually. Share relatable anecdotes or real-life examples to create a connection with your audience. 

You can also integrate interactive elements like live polls, open-ended questions or small group discussions to encourage participation and keep your audience actively engaged throughout your presentation.

Which types of presentations require special markings

Some presentation types require special markings such as how sales presentations require persuasive techniques like emphasizing benefits, addressing objections and using compelling visuals to showcase products or services. 

Demonstrations and how-to presentations on the other hand require clear markings for each step, ensuring the audience can follow along seamlessly. 

That aside, pitch presentations require highlighting unique selling points, market potential and the competitive edge of your idea, making it stand out to potential investors or partners.

Need some inspiration on how to make a presentation that will captivate an audience? Here are 120+ presentation ideas to help you get started. 

Creating a stunning and impactful presentation with Venngage is a breeze. Whether you’re crafting a business pitch, a training presentation or any other type of presentation, follow these five steps to create a professional presentation that stands out:

• Sign up and log in to Venngage to access the editor.
• Choose a presentation template that matches your topic or style.
• Customize content, colors, fonts, and background to personalize your presentation.
• Add images, icons, and charts to enhancevisual style and clarity.
• Save, export, and share your presentation as PDF or PNG files, or use Venngage’s Presentation Mode for online showcasing.

In the realm of presentations, understanding the different types of presentation formats is like having a versatile set of tools that empower you to craft compelling narratives for every occasion.

Remember, the key to a successful presentation lies not only in the content you deliver but also in the way you connect with your audience. Whether you’re informing, persuading or entertaining, tailoring your approach to the specific type of presentation you’re delivering can make all the difference.

Presentations are a powerful tool, and with practice and dedication (and a little help from Venngage), you’ll find yourself becoming a presentation pro in no time. Now, let’s get started and customize your next presentation!

The 6 types of presentation (and why you need them)

Hrideep barot.

• Presentation , Public Speaking

We all have been exposed to different types of presentations right from school years.

Group presentations, lectures by teachers and professors, seminars, webinars or online presentations, e-learning, e-conferences, etc., are all different types of presentations that we come across in our daily lives.

But each of them work for different settings.

In this article, we will take a look at 6 such types of presentations and when and why you need them.

1. Informative Presentations

This is the most common type of presentation, be it in an educational setting or business or corporate setting.

The aim of an informative presentation is to give detailed information about a product, concept, or idea to a specific kind of audience.

They are often analytical or require a rational analysis of the data presented.

Training sessions or one-day workshops are good examples where this kind of presentation is used.

Here is an example of an informative presentation on public speaking and presentations.

Now, there are different situations where you can use informative presentations.

a) Reporting

Although a report is a written explanation of an event, it can also be verbal.

A perfect place to use informative presentations is news reporting , as it requires the presenter to present information systematically.

b) Briefing

This involves explaining both positive and negative aspects of a particular topic in a few words.

It is providing information quickly and effectively about an issue to influence decisions or to come to solutions.

Hence, the decision-making bodies of an organization can make use of this kind of presentation to save time and effectively come to conclusions.

c) Research

Informative presentations are often used to present research findings to a specific audience , as it involves reporting the findings and briefing it to the audience.

Hence, almost everywhere where research takes place, be it in an educational context or occupational , can make use of this kind of presentation.

Tips for giving informative presentations

• As there would be a lot of technical information and statistics, focus on the main points or agenda first and if you have more time, you can add them at the end
• Keep your presentation simple and clear . Avoid complex sentence structures and graphics
• Tell the outline of your presentation briefly in the introduction for a better flow
• Make sure that your presentation does not stretch for too long. 10-15 minutes is what your audience can concentrate on
• Restate your keyphrase at the end and briefly summarize all the important points of your presentation

Speech topics for an informative presentation

• Cropping techniques
• Organic Farming
• Corporate Farming
• Hydroponics
• Sustainable Agriculture, etc
• Climate change
• Environmental issues
• Eco-friendly ways of management
• Eco-politics
• Eco-feminism, etc
• Gender studies
• Gender and education
• Religious studies
• History of education
• Philosophy of education, etc
• Ethnic cultures
• Indigenous cultures
• Multiculturalism
• Popular culture
• Cultural trends, etc
• Business administration
• Business ethics
• Business models
• Promotion and marketing communications
• Finance, etc

2. Persuasive presentations

Persuasion is the art of motivating or convincing someone to act or make a change in their actions or thoughts.

If you are planning to give a persuasive presentation, and are looking for how to give a persuasive speech, check out our article on A Comprehensive Guide to Writing a Persuasive Speech to gain in-depth knowledge about the art of giving persuasive presentations.

Persuasive presentations are also widely used form after informative presentations.

There are various circumstances where persuasive presentations can be used.

a) Policy-making

Government bodies make use of persuasion almost every time, be it the legislative or decision-making bodies, executive bodies, or even courts.

Even election campaigns involve using persuasive presentations as an instrument of their pre-determined goals of swaying the citizens.

For that matter, any executive or management body of an organization can make use of these kinds of presentations.

b) Value judgment

This kind involves answering the question “why” and supplementing it with possible benefits.

Most Ted talks and YouTube videos try to persuade the audience and fall into the persuasive presentation category.

Even religious heads use this as a means of persuading their believers to follow their belief system.

Deciding on a procedure or telling an audience the correct procedure of doing something is another situation.

An example of a persuasive presentation

Bailey parnell: is social media hurting your mental health.

This TED talk by Bailey Parnell is a good example of a persuasive presentation.

She starts strong by asking rhetorical questions that set the mood for her further points.

We can also see how the speaker is genuinely concerned regarding the issue, engaging the audience till the end.

Tips for giving a persuasive presentation

• Start your presentation with a relevant quote or statistics about your topic to establish credibility
• Tell personal anecdotes and examples wherever necessary to develop an emotional connection with your audience
• Deliver your presentation with passion and genuine interest to motivate your audience to think
• Answer the question “why” for better understanding and clarity in your presentation
• State your viewpoint clearly and clarify doubts if your audience seems to have any

Speech topics for persuasive presentations

• Is animal testing ethical?
• Should cosmetic surgery be banned?
• Can the death penalty be the only solution to the rising crime rates?
• Should the legal age be 18?
• Should immigration laws be revised?
• Why you should never add your parents on Facebook
• Guys are more interested in gossip than girls
• It is your major duty to annoy your parents
• You are not enjoying student life if you are not procrastinating
• Endless memes can be made on my life, etc
• Is taming wild and exotic animals ethical?
• The importance of emotional support animals
• Why are bunnies the perfect pet?
• Why do animals make the best companions?
• Why there is a need for patients to have emotional support animals, etc
• How and why there is a need to do business analysis before opening your business?
• Why small businesses are successful and more profitable?
• Why do sales and customer service departments need to be paid more?
• Why does the HR department need to be polite and understanding?
• Why should you not do business with a family member?
• How charity is a means of converting black money to white?
• Why is detaining people on the suspicion of terrorism justified?
• Should euthanasia be made legal?
• Should violent crime offenders be sentenced to death?
• Should foreigners be allowed to buy a property?

3. Demonstrative presentations

This involves demonstrating a process or the functioning of a product in a step-by-step fashion.

So, a master class on communication skills or making a product model is an example of a demonstrative presentation.

Usually, the audience is an active part of such presentations and these can work in any context where you want the audience to learn a new skill.

a) Instructions

This involves giving guidelines or steps of a process or work .

Teaching how to make a car model step-by-step is a good example where you can use this kind of informative presentation to guide your audience.

Another instance can be at the workplace , to train the employees or introduce them to a new product at work.

This type also works with demonstrating recipes and cooking workshops.

An example of demonstrative presentation

The easy guide on making just about any smoothie.

In this recipe demonstration, he tells his audience how many ingredients are involved and briefs them about the outline of his presentation at the start of his speech.

He also shows all steps in real-time so that the audience have a better understanding of the process and keeps them engaged.

Tips to give a demonstrative presentation

• Introduce your product and its function to your audience before telling them how to go about with the steps
• Explain the steps with diagrams or show them in real-time along with the audience
• Give equal time to every person in the audience for clearing doubts, if any
• Keep your introduction short. Not more than 5 minutes
• Discuss options or variations that the audience can try at the end of the presentation

Speech topics for demonstrative presentations

• How to administer CPR
• How to wrap a gift professionally
• How to budget your monthly income
• How to choose a car insurance
• How to restore a piece of antique furniture

4. Inspirational presentations

As the name suggests, this type of presentation involves inspiring others!

The main aim of an inspirational presentation is to motivate or move your audience and is also known as a motivational presentation.

Using techniques like storytelling, narrating personal anecdotes , or even humor work wonders as your audience develops an emotional connection to the message.

This TED talk by Luvvie Ajayi Jones is humorous but a lot more inspirational. Check it out!

Tips for giving an inspirational presentation

• Start with a question that will leave the audience thinking. Pause for some time and then begin with your presentation
• Develop a sense of connection by narrating personal incidents and experiences to grow empathy
• Have some main points that you want to emphasize on
• Make use of humor ! It instantly builds a connection with the listener
• Non-verbal elements like paralanguage, body language, speech modulations, tone, etc., makes a huge difference

Speech topics for an inspirational presentation

• Importance of diversity and inclusion
• Building mental resilience
• Need for change management
• Valuing small victories in life
• How procrastinating is your enemy

5. Business presentations

In the corporate world, presentations are the go-to solution to do anything: planning or strategizing, articulating company goals, screening candidates, status reports , and many more.

Let us take a dive into the different types of business presentations.

a) Sales presentation

Also known as sales pitches , sales presentations involve providing information about a product or a service to sell it.

It has a pre-defined strategy of initiating and closing the sales deal.

This can be done in person or nowadays, on the phone, or via e-communication .

b) Training sessions

Often employees have on-the-job training sessions that are aimed to increase the knowledge and skills of the employees.

This kind can also involve the audience to participate , like in demonstrative presentations.

c) Meetings

Meetings can be called for for different reasons and can be of different forms as well.

Conferences ( both video and in-person), board meetings, informal team meetings, daily reporting, etc., are all various contexts of meeting in a business setting.

d) E- presentations

E- presentations existed before the COVID pandemic as well but were used seldom.

But, with the ongoing pandemic, e-presentations or remote presentations have replaced all other types of presentations and will be with us for a while longer.

However, on the brighter side, it is an eco-friendly alternative to normal face-to-face kind of a set-up, and it also saves transportation and other costs !

e) Seminars

Seminars are widely used in the health sector , usually involving a panel of speakers on a topic. The audience is anywhere between 10 to 100.

It ends with a question and answers session , and the audience gets to take handouts with them.

f) One-on-one or 1:1

Interviews are usually one-on-one and involve presenting your achievements and capabilities to your prospective employer.

Apart from interviews, 1:1 meetings are also used in sales and marketing to crack a business deal.

Tips for giving business presentations

• Include key phrases and other important details on your slides and make them bold
• Avoid casual slangs and informal tone of speech
• If you are giving a sales presentation, explain your product or service in simple and clear words , and list the reasons why it is beneficial for your potential clients
• Make sure to be on time ! Delaying your audience will work against you and leave a bad impression on you and your company
• Know your material or content thoroughly to answer the questions asked by your audience

Speech topics for business presentations

• Implementing an Agile Project
• Introduction to data modeling
• Introduction to UML(Unified Modeling Language)
• Social Media strategies for a successful business
• Business writing for managers

6. Powerpoint presentations

PowerPoint presentations or PPTs are the most effective ones among all types of presentations simply because they are convenient and easy to understand .

They are available in different formats and are suitable to use in practically any type of presentation and context, be it business, educational, or for informal purposes.

There are various types of PowerPoint presentations that you can use depending on the context.

a) PPTs for general audience

• For general audiences, avoid using jargon terms

If you feel that you need to use them, provide the audience some background information about the field or topic being covered

• Avoid using more than 8 words per line, as anything more than that becomes difficult to remember
• Use bullets or a numbered list for better retention
• Try not to read from your PPT
• Give handouts or record your presentation in case anyone wants it

b) PPTs for teaching

• In this case, the PowerPoint is content-based
• Make sure that the words on the slides are visible
• Use bigger font and avoid fancy fonts
• Add relevant pictures and graphics to keep your audience engaged
• You can also add documentaries or relevant videos to aid in understanding

c) Repurpose PPTs

• This involves reinventing an earlier ppt or combining 1 or more than 1 PowerPoints
• Giving new touches to an earlier PPT or changing the format
• You can take any slide of your PPT and upload it on social media for growing your brand or business
• You can even convert your PPT into mp4 , i.e, video format
• You can even add voice and save the mp4 format, and you have a good marketing plan!

d) PechaKucha

• This type of PowerPoint presentation comes from the Japanese word PechaKucha meaning sound of a conversation or chit-chat
• This involves changing slides every 20 seconds
• There can be a maximum of 20 slides , which means your presentation lasts for only 6 minutes and 40 seconds
• The PPT mostly has graphics and fewer words
• This type of presentation is best suited for telling a story or a personal anecdote

e) Multimedia presentations

• This is the best kind of PPT to engage your audience
• It contains texts along with pictures, videos, infographics, music, illustrations, GIFs , and many more
• Add higher resolution images and videos , or even a 360-degree snapshot if you are in the sales and marketing industry
• Adding infographics such as charts and graphs makes the process of understanding easier and saves time
• Music in a PPT helps your audience to be relaxed, at the same time making them alert and engaged

Types of slides in a presentation

PowerPoint presentation slides are broadly classified into 3 categories: Text, Visual, and Mixed slides.

1. Text slides

As the name suggests, this category of slides involve words or texts.

You can format the text as plain sentences or pointers.

You may even arrange them all in a single slide or one line per slide.

The slide seen below is an example where every point is mentioned in a single slide.

2. Visual slides

This type of slide has visual elements such as images or videos , and are better known as conceptual slides since they are a better option than text slide to explain a particular concept.

You can use them at the start of the presentation to better visualize and grasp the meaning of the presentation.

The slide right below is a good example of a visual slide.

3. Mixed slides

Mixed slides combine the texts and visuals to give a comprehensive understanding of any concept or a speech.

Graphs and charts are the best examples of mixed slides.

Mixed slides have an advantage over the other slides; they keep your audience engaged, listening and participating more actively!

Types of Oral presentations

So far we came across 6 types of presentations, and they all share one common feature. They are all one of the types of oral presentations.

Oral presentations involve the use of verbal and non-verbal elements to deliver a speech to a particular or general audience.

All the types we discussed fall into these 4 broad categories:

1. Extemporaneous presentations

This type of presentation involves making short pointers or key phrases to aid while speaking.

You do not memorize, but organize the points and structure the speech way in advance.

Hence, on the day of your presentation, by just looking at the key points , you expand on them and move to the next point.

2. Impromptu presentations

Impromptu presentations are spoken without any preparation . It can be nerve-wracking for many, and hence not many are in favor of it.

There is a valid reason for their fear, as you have to make your speech as you say it!

However, those who are experts in their fields and are called upon to share a few words can easily give this type of presentation.

3. Manuscript presentations

The other extreme of the spectrum is manuscript presentations.

Here you have a script and you speak from it, word by word.

News anchors and show announcers usually engage in this type, since there are a lot of specific details that cannot be said wrong, and also, time constraints.

Usually, a prompter is used, from which the speaker speaks to their audience.

Nowadays, there are teleprompters , that are heavily used in the entertainment and media industry.

It is a digital screen that displays the contents, and the speaker speaks from it.

4. Memorized presentations

This type does not have any notes or cues , but you memorize or rote learn the whole speech.

School and some presentations at the workplace involve using this kind of presentation.

In most cases, we recommend not to memorise your speech in most cases. We’ve made a video on the same and how it could lead to you potentially blanking out on stage. Highly recommend you view this quick vid before choosing memorisation as a presentation path:

But, if you do choose it for whatever reason, since you are free from notes, you are free to focus on other aspects, such as body language and gestures.

Types of presentation styles

There are various presenting styles, but they do not work for all types of presentations.

Let us get familiar with them, and know which style works with which type.

a) The storyteller

This style of presentation involves the speaker narrating stories and engaging the audience emotionally .

This technique works best with persuasive and inspirational types of presentation.

So, how to tell a story in a presentation?

• Understand and know your audience : Knowing your audience will help you with how you will frame your story, at the same time gauging the relevance of your narrative
• Know your message : Be clear with what you want to convey through your story or how you are connecting the story with your actual presentation
• Try narrative a real-life story : Inspiring presenters often take their own stories or the stories of people whom they know as a supplement to their presentation. When the audience listens to your real-life examples, they become genuinely interested in your story
• Add visual aids : Using visual aids such as pictures, videos, multimedia, etc., increases the memory retention and engagement of your audience
• Use the “you” attitude : Tell the story keeping your audience in mind because ultimately they are going to be the receivers and hence, the story should be relevant and should include their point of view as well

Want more storytelling tactics? Mystery, characterisation and the final takeaway are some more key elements of a good story for your next presentation. We’ve gone deeper into this topic in this video if you would like to know more:

b) The Visual style

Most of us are visual learners, making visual information easy to understand and retain.

Visual aids like graphics, images, diagrams, key pointers or phrases , etc., are very useful when giving any type of presentation.

Some tips of presenting with visual style:

• Include only important pointers in your PowerPoint presentation and highlight or bold them
• Try including visuals that complement what you are saying and use them as a supplementary tool to aid in understanding your audience
• If you are giving a business presentation and want to include visuals, instead of plain texts, include graphics and charts to make information simpler to present and understand
• Avoid overly complex visuals as it will confuse the audience more
• Avoid using more than 6 lines per slide

c) Analytic style

If you have data records or statistical information to be presented, an analytic style will be more helpful.

It works best for Informative and Business types of presentations.

Tips to deliver in analytic style:

• Give handouts so that the audience is on track with your presentation and the information will be easier to comprehend
• Focus and speak on selected data as too much data statistics can be overwhelming for the audience
• You can make use of humor and personal anecdotes to keep the presentation interesting and engaging
• If you have too much data and are worried that you will not be able to explain it in the time frame given, avoid writing content of more than 2000 words

Quick tip: In case you have a PDF to present and want to edit the data points, there are multiple software programs that you can use to allow you to easily do this. Check out this list of the Best Free Recording Software Programs to know more.

d) The Connector

The connector style of presentation involves the speaker establishing a connection with the audience by pointing out similarities between them and the listeners.

This style works well with Sales and marketing presentations.

How to give a presentation using connector style?

• Have a Q & A round with the audience at the end of your presentation for clarifying any doubts and avoiding miscommunication
• Use audience polls at the start of your presentation to know your audience and tailor your speech accordingly
• Make use of body language and gestures for delivering your presentation effectively. If you are confused or want to know more about the aspects of how to use body and gestures, check out our article on To walk or stand still: How should you present when on stage?
• Ask questions to your audience at regular intervals for a better audience engagement
• Make use of multimedia sources to keep your audience engaged and entertained

Which type of presentation is best?

Although all the presentation types have their own bonuses and are suitable for certain circumstances, some are universal and can be used with a little bit of modification almost everywhere!

These are persuasive presentations!

You can use them in various settings; from political, business to educational.

Just remember to choose the right topic for the right audience, and a style that you think is the most suitable and you are good to go!

Level up your public speaking in 15 minutes!

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To conclude

We saw 6 types of presentation and understood it in detail.

We also gained some tips on how to make our presentation more engaging and also came across things to avoid as well.

We then explored the types of slides that you can use, and also the types of presenting orally.

We also gave you some tips and a few topic ideas that you can incorporate in your next speech!

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Deliver the Perfect Presentation with Infographics as Visual Aids

Business | Marketing | Nonprofits | Students | Teachers

By kai tomboc - september 24, 2020.

Visual aids are more than just eye candy.

Whether it’s for a school report or a business conference, visual aids are a great entryway to get people to pay attention to the data or information you’re presenting.

Case in point infographics are helping save lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care organizations, government offices, and media outlets use visuals to deliver vital information to the public.

Effectiveness of visual aids in teaching and learning

Why use visual aids?

The short answer: Your brain loves looking at pictures.

A combination of visuals and text has been shown to promote learner engagement and information retention in numerous research findings.

One notable review of scientific literature by the Educational Technology Research and Development revealed that using illustrations with text instructions helps people perform a task 323 percent better than those who follow the text instructions without visuals.

Keep scrolling (and reading!) for editable infographic templates that you can use as visual aids for your next presentation.

The first part will include visual aids for school, while the second section will highlight visual aids that you can use for your business presentations.

Infographics as visual aids in the classroom

The use of visual aids in the classroom can boost learning to up to 400 percent. Plus, a study on the impact of visual aids on the learning process of students revealed that visual aids are effective in the classroom for the following reasons:

• Motivates students to learn
• Enhances vocabulary
• Simplifies content
• Saves time with lesson preparation
• Keeps students engaged
• Stimulates learning as sensory objects like visual aids can provide direct experience

Here are the most effective ways to use infographics as visual aids for your next classroom presentation.

Encourage productive independence amongst students with a checklist infographic

Checklists are a powerful way for students to develop productive independence as they complete vital school activities.

They also help teachers and students alike in recalling processes and reminders inside the classroom (also works for remote learning!).

Use the school checklist infographic templates below the next time you’re sharing a list of things that students should always do before, during, and after class.

Recommended guide — How to Use Infographics for eLearning

Use infographics as handouts to supplement a class presentation

Make parent-teacher meetings more engaging with visual aids and infographics!

The infographic below is a good starting point in reminding parents how they can motivate their kids to learn even at home.

Ask students to present their homework in class using infographics

Making infographics as homework or a class activity helps students improve their research chops and find trustworthy sources of information .

Afterward, encourage students to use visuals like infographics when presenting statistics, facts, and figures.

Teach math and language at the same time with a recipe presentation

Following a recipe and asking students to present it in class can help improve multiple skills.

First, the students get to learn new vocabulary while reading a recipe. Second, they learn mathematics through the different types of measurements that the recipe calls for. Finally, it also enables students to work in groups and put their collaboration skills in practice!

Have students use infographics to share a timeline

Timeline infographics during classroom presentations is ideal in showing how one thing leads to another, explaining how something has changed over time, and teaching the concept of time. This infographic format also enables students to understand complex processes.

Reduce complexity in your lessons with process infographics

Do you want to break down a complex process into digestible pieces of information in one of your lectures?

Use visual aids like the pyramid infographic template below.

Assign a color for each phase or step in the process. Picking the right color scheme on your infographic will help make your visual aid easier to follow.

You can also use icons and illustrations to visualize each step in the process.

On the other hand, you can use arrows or lines to direct readers to the next step. These visual cues will guide your readers’ eyes and avoid information overload.

Sharpen your students’ analytical skills with an infographic

Most students fall short on analysis —the process of gathering a set of facts and interpreting what they mean, and coming up with a persuasive conclusion based on their interpretation.

Besides asking students to write an essay on a topic, using visuals like an infographic can sharpen their analytical skills.

For example, your class can analyze a piece about different media types and news outlets. Encourage them to use an infographic when sharing their analysis of a trend or topic.

Bonus video tutorial: Presentation tips for students

Infographics as visual aids for business presentation

Just like airport signages that visually inform and guide thousands of passengers each day, visual aids are used in business to hook your audience and retain their attention throughout your presentation.

Whether it’s for a product demo or a report about your company’s plans for sustainability, here are some examples of infographics (and infographic templates you can use!) that you can use for visual aids during business presentations.

Motivate your audience to learn faster by simplifying long-winded explanations with a flowchart infographic

Instead of presenting explanations and processes in plain text, flowchart infographics are your best bet to look more professional and organized. Plus, they’re easier to remember for your audience!

The templates below are a good starting point if you’re planning to create flowcharts for your next presentation.

Highlight your company’s different products and services through visuals

While written or oral communication remains a powerful medium in communicating your products and services’ value, adding visuals to the mix enables customers to retain your information longer.

Informative visuals like the templates below are also easier to share, whether online (embed it on your website) or offline (print it out as a handout).

Use instructional infographics during employee trainings

Infographics to train and educate employees can be tweaked to be funnier or attention-grabbing to make the information even more memorable.

When presenting instructions or information for employees through infographics, you can also make it more viewable or accessible when they have questions.

Here are a couple of templates to get you started.

Help your audience make an informed choice by making it easier to compare ideas and options with a comparison infographic

When comparisons are all text, you’re trusting that the person looking the information is reading everything and retaining the essential parts (this might not be the case if your audience is distracted).

Meanwhile, you can clarify why one strategy, product, service, or company is better than another when you’re using comparison infographics.

Break down long, investigative presentations into essential data points with visuals

Investigative reports or survey results can be tedious and uninteresting for many.

What if you have only 3 minutes to tell your audience what they need to know?

Highlight the important points and numbers by creating a visual hierarchy of information. A good infographic for this purpose should also be scannable and shareable at the same time.

Go forth and deliver great presentations now

Use the tips and templates from this post to make your presentation more memorable and engaging . 

Visual aids are the first thing your audience will see, and it’s your job to keep their attention. 

So you just found the right infographic template as visual aid, and you want to customize it with your data, but you’re not sure how to get started?

Learn from this 3-minute tutorial —  How to Customize Infographic Templates in Easelly

Our infographic design pros can also make a custom infographic for you within 24-48 hours. 

More to learn from the blog…

Infographic examples. what is an infographic examples and templates.

What is an infographic? We admit that there’s a lot written out there about this topic, it isn’t hard to find infographic examples ...

How to Make an Infographic with Easelly’s Free Infographic Maker

When it’s time to make an infographic, you’ve probably turned to the Internet.  There’s no shortage of resources ...

The Complete Infographic Checklist for Your Next Easelly Infographic

After signing up for Easelly Pro, you can make an infographic from our extensive library of infographic templates. Or maybe you’re a ...

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How to Do an Oral Presentation

Last Updated: April 15, 2024

This article was co-authored by Vikas Agrawal . Vikas Agrawal is a Visual Content Marketing Expert & Entrepreneur, as well as the Founder of Full Service Creative Agency Infobrandz. With over 10 years of experience, he specializes in designing visually engaging content, such as infographics, videos, and e-books. He’s an expert in Making content marketing strategies and has contributed to and been featured in many publications including Forbes, Entrepreneur.com, and INC.com. This article has been viewed 48,168 times.

The power of words can control the thoughts, emotions and the decisions of others. Giving an oral presentation can be a challenge, but with the right plan and delivery, you can move an entire audience in your favor.

Researching Your Presentation

• If speaking about the effect of junk food on an adult’s mind, include the increase of serotonin, a happiness hormone. Then inform the audience how fast the hormone drastically depletes to give out worse feelings. This gives the perspective that even the advantages of junk food are outweighed by the negative effects.

Writing Your Script

• Make sure to begin each argument with a clear description of the content such as. "The result of eating junk food has increased negative emotions such as depression, anxiety and low self-esteem". This gives the audience a quick outlook of what the argument is about. Always remember to state how the argument relates and supports the topic question.

• If necessary, this is where you could include, "My name is ___ and I will be speaking about the effect on junk food on our minds." Then you include a brief out view of each argument you will be speaking about. Do not include any information about your arguments in the introduction.

• Some example concluding sentences include, "The entire process of the mind, changed by a simple bite of a cookie. Our entire body's control system, defined by our choices of food. The definite truth. You are what you eat."

Practicing and Performing

• Taking the effort to memorize your script allows you to keep eye contact with the audience and brings confidence to your speech. Reading from an entire script can easily cause you to lose your place and stutter. Also make sure they are the same size and only put important key words or those that are hard to remember. This allows you to easily flip through and read off the cue cards.

What Is The Best Way To Start a Presentation?

Expert Q&A

• Research persuasive language techniques. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 1
• Watch online speeches to get an idea of how to tone your presentation. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 1
• Color code each sentence on your cue cards to never lose track. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 1

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• ↑ https://www.princeton.edu/~archss/webpdfs08/BaharMartonosi.pdf
• ↑ https://education.seattlepi.com/give-good-speech-presentations-college-1147.html

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How to prepare and deliver an effective oral presentation

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• Peer review
• Lucia Hartigan , registrar 1 ,
• Fionnuala Mone , fellow in maternal fetal medicine 1 ,
• Mary Higgins , consultant obstetrician 2
• 1 National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
• 2 National Maternity Hospital, Dublin; Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin
• luciahartigan{at}hotmail.com

The success of an oral presentation lies in the speaker’s ability to transmit information to the audience. Lucia Hartigan and colleagues describe what they have learnt about delivering an effective scientific oral presentation from their own experiences, and their mistakes

The objective of an oral presentation is to portray large amounts of often complex information in a clear, bite sized fashion. Although some of the success lies in the content, the rest lies in the speaker’s skills in transmitting the information to the audience. 1

Preparation

It is important to be as well prepared as possible. Look at the venue in person, and find out the time allowed for your presentation and for questions, and the size of the audience and their backgrounds, which will allow the presentation to be pitched at the appropriate level.

See what the ambience and temperature are like and check that the format of your presentation is compatible with the available computer. This is particularly important when embedding videos. Before you begin, look at the video on stand-by and make sure the lights are dimmed and the speakers are functioning.

For visual aids, Microsoft PowerPoint or Apple Mac Keynote programmes are usual, although Prezi is increasing in popularity. Save the presentation on a USB stick, with email or cloud storage backup to avoid last minute disasters.

When preparing the presentation, start with an opening slide containing the title of the study, your name, and the date. Begin by addressing and thanking the audience and the organisation that has invited you to speak. Typically, the format includes background, study aims, methodology, results, strengths and weaknesses of the study, and conclusions.

If the study takes a lecturing format, consider including “any questions?” on a slide before you conclude, which will allow the audience to remember the take home messages. Ideally, the audience should remember three of the main points from the presentation. 2

Have a maximum of four short points per slide. If you can display something as a diagram, video, or a graph, use this instead of text and talk around it.

Animation is available in both Microsoft PowerPoint and the Apple Mac Keynote programme, and its use in presentations has been demonstrated to assist in the retention and recall of facts. 3 Do not overuse it, though, as it could make you appear unprofessional. If you show a video or diagram don’t just sit back—use a laser pointer to explain what is happening.

Rehearse your presentation in front of at least one person. Request feedback and amend accordingly. If possible, practise in the venue itself so things will not be unfamiliar on the day. If you appear comfortable, the audience will feel comfortable. Ask colleagues and seniors what questions they would ask and prepare responses to these questions.

It is important to dress appropriately, stand up straight, and project your voice towards the back of the room. Practise using a microphone, or any other presentation aids, in advance. If you don’t have your own presenting style, think of the style of inspirational scientific speakers you have seen and imitate it.

Try to present slides at the rate of around one slide a minute. If you talk too much, you will lose your audience’s attention. The slides or videos should be an adjunct to your presentation, so do not hide behind them, and be proud of the work you are presenting. You should avoid reading the wording on the slides, but instead talk around the content on them.

Maintain eye contact with the audience and remember to smile and pause after each comment, giving your nerves time to settle. Speak slowly and concisely, highlighting key points.

Do not assume that the audience is completely familiar with the topic you are passionate about, but don’t patronise them either. Use every presentation as an opportunity to teach, even your seniors. The information you are presenting may be new to them, but it is always important to know your audience’s background. You can then ensure you do not patronise world experts.

To maintain the audience’s attention, vary the tone and inflection of your voice. If appropriate, use humour, though you should run any comments or jokes past others beforehand and make sure they are culturally appropriate. Check every now and again that the audience is following and offer them the opportunity to ask questions.

Finishing up is the most important part, as this is when you send your take home message with the audience. Slow down, even though time is important at this stage. Conclude with the three key points from the study and leave the slide up for a further few seconds. Do not ramble on. Give the audience a chance to digest the presentation. Conclude by acknowledging those who assisted you in the study, and thank the audience and organisation. If you are presenting in North America, it is usual practice to conclude with an image of the team. If you wish to show references, insert a text box on the appropriate slide with the primary author, year, and paper, although this is not always required.

Answering questions can often feel like the most daunting part, but don’t look upon this as negative. Assume that the audience has listened and is interested in your research. Listen carefully, and if you are unsure about what someone is saying, ask for the question to be rephrased. Thank the audience member for asking the question and keep responses brief and concise. If you are unsure of the answer you can say that the questioner has raised an interesting point that you will have to investigate further. Have someone in the audience who will write down the questions for you, and remember that this is effectively free peer review.

Be proud of your achievements and try to do justice to the work that you and the rest of your group have done. You deserve to be up on that stage, so show off what you have achieved.

Competing interests: We have read and understood the BMJ Group policy on declaration of interests and declare the following interests: None.

• ↵ Rovira A, Auger C, Naidich TP. How to prepare an oral presentation and a conference. Radiologica 2013 ; 55 (suppl 1): 2 -7S. OpenUrl
• ↵ Bourne PE. Ten simple rules for making good oral presentations. PLos Comput Biol 2007 ; 3 : e77 . OpenUrl PubMed
• ↵ Naqvi SH, Mobasher F, Afzal MA, Umair M, Kohli AN, Bukhari MH. Effectiveness of teaching methods in a medical institute: perceptions of medical students to teaching aids. J Pak Med Assoc 2013 ; 63 : 859 -64. OpenUrl

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In-class Flip: Students Making Infographics for Oral Presentations

--Originally published at flipping – Martha Ramirez

For my public speaking class, I decided to ask my students to create an infographic with personal information in order to present to their classmates; this would allow them not only to continue developing their PS skills, but also to learn about infographics, the benefits of using them as a presentation technique, and how to design their own. In case you’re not familiarized with the term, an infographic is a mode of showing data in an eye-catching way through images, icons, graphs, diagrams, colors and short chunks of text.

As I started searching for resources on how to create infographics and became familiar with this data visualization form myself, I was surprised to find some very intuitive free user-friendly websites, which I will mention a little later. It is definitely a great alternative for presentations, not only for visual learners, but for any type of audience, considering that nobody really likes to learn about any type of information through plain boring text, or do they? Hence, I decided to plan three sessions for this purpose; one of them carried out with an in-class flip approach.

The Task: Ten Things You Don’t Know About Me

The task students were to carry out consisted of a “Ten things you don’t know about me” infographic and it was developed in three sessions with pre-class work and in-class work (See infographic 1). Each session was 70 minutes long.

Infographic 1. Lesson Planning for Infographics Task. Information on how sessions were divided in pre and in-class tasks. (Made in easel.ly)

Session 1: The in-class flip

For the first class, where the task and  concept of infographics would be introduced, I planned an in-class flip . Students were asked to explore three websites as a pre-class task as well as to sign up to the site they liked the most. Then, in class they would work in three stations.

Recommended resources:

In order to decide which resources to use, I browsed through different infographics design websites, signed up to many and tried them out by creating a simple design in each. In the end, I chose three sites I considered user-friendly with interesting and varied templates and icons as well as a download option for students to print their creations, which came with the free membership option.

These were the websites I recommended:

Most students went with Easelly, but I also had students who used Canva and Piktochart. They all have different features and are very easy to use, in my opinion.

For the in-class portion of this session, the station work was organized in the following way:

Station1: In this station, two infographics were printed out in double letter size and pasted on a wall. Then, students were divided into two groups of 8 each and each group was directed to one poster on each side. That way they could read the infographic easily and take notes of the key information.

Here students worked in their own time. As they finished this first activity, they continued to station 2.

Station 2: This station contained 16 graphic organizers placed on two desks for students to take and complete. This was a brainstorming task in which students were asked to think of ten things their classmates did not know about them, which they were willing to share. I encouraged them to write and doodle in order to also think about how their information could be visually represented. As students finished, they were prompted to continue to station 3. The ones who worked at a slower pace went when they were ready.

Station 3: In this last station there was a laptops cart. Students were required to take a laptop and sign in to the inforgraphics website they had previously chosen and signed up to. Here their goal was to start creating their infographic based on the ideas they had jotted down in the second station, which they would continue to create next class.

Image 1. Classroom set-up for station work. From right to left – Station 1 posters; Station 2 graphic organizer on desk; Station 3 laptop cart.

Session 2: Infographic Design

In the following class, students were focused on the design stage; each one was provided with a laptop to work with. My role was to monitor and provide support. By the end of the lesson, most students were able to finish their design within class time. Nevertheless, there were a couple of students who finished the work at home. Since part of the criteria of this task was to present with a printed inforgraphic in a type of poster session dynamic, students were requiered to bring their printed infographic in session 3.

Session 3: Presenting

Upon arrival, students were handed tape and asked to put their infographics up on the walls of the classroom. These were stretched out around the classroom, so the poster session dynamic could be carried out appropriately. Because I had 60 minutes for all 16 students to present, I decided to divide them in 4 groups of 4. To do so, students were asked to choose a color from a set of foamy sticks. There were four colors: red, green, yellow and blue. After each student had chosen a stick, they were grouped according to the color they had. In this way, the students of one group (e.g. red group) were assigned a moment to present and the members of that group would simultanously present to different classmates in 4 rotation moments. Each presenter had exactly 3 minutes to speak. I had a timer and indicated when time was up in order for rotation to occur.

When it was the next group’s turn (e.g. green group), they got in position in front of their infographics and the remaining students distributed themselves among the 4 presenters. The same dynamic as with the red group was repeated until all students had the chance to present. In order to assess each student, I made sure to rotate with one group until I was able to hear all presenters.

In the end, thanks to strict time management and rotation organization, all students were able to present, despite the case of 3 students who had not come prepared and ended up presenting with laptops (plan B).

Assessing the task

For the purpose of assessing the oral presentations along with the infographic each student designed, I created an  Infographic checklist that took both aspects into consideration. During the oral presentations, I took notes of students’ mistakes and then collected the infographics to grade them; students who hadn’t printed them sent them to my email. Finally, grades were given the following class with the checklists and infographics.

My student’s printed infographics

What I learned

After reflecting on what worked and what could improve, here are my thoughts.

• The infographic about infographics was clear. Next time I could print it in a size a little bigger.
• The in-class flip allowed students to work at their own pace, which did not interfere with the task, since they would continue the design stage in session 2.
• Many students struggled to come up with ten things about themselves. That’s why I decided to provide examples about my own life (favorite things, family, specific issues, preferences, etc), which seemed to help. Some of them said “their life was boring and they had nothing to share”. Of course, in the end, they all had very unique and interesting information to share.
• Some students did not comply with printing their infographics, so plan B came in place with laptops.
• The logistics of the final presentations could include not only dividing students by colors, but also by assigning a number that would directly lead them to the presenter they should start with and rotate from there. Since this was not the case, I had to make sure there was three students per presenter.
• Teaching about infographics has led me to use infographics more comfortably and to come to the conclusion that I don’t need to have advanced design skills to get an idea through in a visual format.
• I loved this class!

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Why I Flip the Classroom

WHY I Flip My Classes, Take Two – What Do I Tell...

First time on this site. Such inspiring ideas. Thanks for sharing!

Thank you Maria! 🙂

I agree with commenter Maria; this was well typed-out and I am also using this site for the first time. I’m coming back here for more because thanks to this author, I feel like I just sat through an interesting lecture that I will soon apply in my classrooms.

Thank you Flip Learning for finding Martha Ramirez’s article! *Very enlightening!*

Thank you Susan! There will be more to come! I would love to know how it goes if you try out the lesson. 🙂

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Home Blog Presentation Ideas How to Make an Infographic in PowerPoint

How to Make an Infographic in PowerPoint

If your infographic presentations aren’t getting noticed as you’d like them to, they’re likely missing something. It’s time to add some visual metaphors and other design techniques to your slides to make your information more visual and engaging.

In this guide, you’ll learn how to make an infographic in PowerPoint and use SlideModel templates to create attractive Infographic slides. With the help of visual metaphors, infographic illustrations and more graphic design elements, you’ll be able to put together infographic presentations like never before. 

Table of Contents

What is an Infographic?

List infographic, comparison infographic, anatomical infographic, statistical infographics, geographic infographics, how to / steps infographic, timeline infographic, what is the purpose of using an infographic slide in a presentation, how to make an infographic in powerpoint, tips for preparing data for effective infographics, case study example 1: political analysis infographic presentation, case study example 2: admission test data results infographic presentation, case study example 3: marketing and sales infographic presentation.

• Case Study Example 4: Social Media Marketing Campaign Performance Infographic Presentation

Create Engaging Infographic Presentations with SlideModel Templates

An infographic is a visual that tells a story with data and information. Once upon a time, infographics were a design and marketing trend doing the rounds on blogs and social media. They were a welcome and fun take on the boring data we were all bored with. Nowadays, infographics have evolved into being relevant in any type of documentation that tells a data or information story. They’ve stopped being a trend and have justifiably taken a spot in the quintessential content stack for all businesses. 

An infographic is a visual that tells a story with data and information.

Frequently, the terms ‘data visualization’ and ‘infographic’ are used interchangeably to describe graphics that visualize information. But there are some differences to take into consideration. 

A data visualization is generally a chart or graph that must be read to understand. What differentiates it from an infographic is the way it’s put together. An infographic contextualizes data instead of just visualizing it, it’s a more creative approach that democratizes the way data is understood. 

Infographics are sometimes made up of a collection of data visualizations, optimized to be more easily understood and more engaging than just a regular chart.

You can create an infographic however you like, as long as you’re using data visualization techniques and visual metaphors visually tell an informative story. You can even make an infographic with PowerPoint. Even better, use SlideModel templates to help you set it up.

Every infographic tells a story, and stories use visual metaphors to help readers relate to the content. These details convert regular charts into infographics, making them more memorable and engaging. 

Visual metaphors are graphic elements that help tell a story in an infographic. For example, imagine a data visualization comparing water usage in cities and villages. In a simple chart without visual metaphors, you must dig deeper into the information to understand what is being analyzed. This only makes sense if the chart is included within a text that gives background and context.

Now, imagine this chart information with visual metaphors like icons of cities and villages and visualizations of drought. When visual metaphors are done well, the viewer can deduce what the infographic is about much faster through an ‘Aha Moment’ of understanding. This leads to the shareability of the infographic and easier communication between the presenter and the audience.

One of the greatest visual metaphors in infographic design is The Iceberg Model . This visual metaphor is of an iceberg sitting part underwater and a small section peeking over the water. The idea is that we see only what’s above water level, while everything else is hidden under the surface.

Which type of infographic should you use? 

The type of infographic your team needs depends on if you will share contextual information, numerical data, or a progressive flow. Infographics are grouped into three main content categories; Information, data, and process. Let’s dig deeper.

Informational Infographic

The purpose of an informational infographic is to share contextual information with the help of visual storytelling.

This type of infographic doesn’t usually include charts or graphs, it uses elements like icons, illustrations, numbers and shapes alongside short text. Information design projects like editorial and journalistic graphics, wayfaring and museum displays also fit into this category.

Creating an eye-catching list infographic is easy. Use icons and shapes to create visual sections for each list item. On each slide, include 3 or 4 list items and create a visual continuity between all slides that visualize the list. Alternatively, use a custom size slide in PowerPoint to create a vertical list infographic with a portrait layout. That said, you can use SlideModel templates quite easily on a custom-sized PowerPoint slide or learn how to change the slide size in PowerPoint here.

A comparison infographic does what its name states. It compares two or more topics as visually as possible. There are several ways to visualize comparisons from simple to complex; in tables, bubble maps, and side-by-side widgets. Comparison infographic slides are great inside proposals and pitches. 

An anatomical infographic visualizes all the parts and characteristics of a single topic, object, or person. Generally, the central visual topic is a physical object, not a concept. Parts of the main topic are then explained with text and graphics connected with lines. The most common use for anatomical infographics is in education and training.

Data Infographics

Eye-catching Data infographics are made up of data visualizations, anywhere from one to multiple visualizations. Often, the question arises if a single chart is also considered an infographic. Technically, yes, but it will depend on its visual quality and the viewer to decide for themselves.

Statistical infographics are the most data-centric of all the examples in this guide. These are the ones full of numbers and charts of all types to visualize information like survey results, research studies, sales and market analyses.

Geographic infographics are made up of location data with maps and legends. They are used to present regional data. Maps can be color-coded to show geographic data from research studies, polls, and census records. Infographic map elements can also be added with location pins.

Process Infographics

Finally, the third type of infographic your business needs to know about is the process infographic. In this case, the idea is to visualize any type of information that follows a process or timeline.

Flowchart Infographic

A flowchart infographic is very versatile in what it does. It allows you to put together a process visually in many different ways. Create decision trees, dichotomous charts, and flowcharts of any type.

One of the most common process infographics is the How-To or Step by Step visualization. There is no limit to how you can create a process infographic like this one. It can be long and vertical or a series of continual slides. These are ideal for training manuals and orientation packets.

A timeline infographic can visualize a series of past events or an expected flow of future events. For example, an About Us slide in a pitch presentation can include a growth timeline.

Likewise, in a proposal, you can add a roadmap of goals for the future. Check out our Roadmap templates and Timeline templates for more timeline infographic designs.

Many presentations benefit from one or more infographic slides in the deck. Every business topic has some data or informative aspect that needs analyzing, visualizing, and explaining. 

Infographic elements are ideal pieces of the puzzle to tell a story with a presentation. They support the information you’re sharing by making it easier to understand and attractive to look at.

Gone are the days of bullet points and a mishmash of stock photos. Infographic slides are essential when building business decks, they visualize the most important information for your audience.

Visual representation of data engages the viewer’s curiosity and helps with memory and retention.

Making an infographic in PowerPoint is easy, especially with SlideModel infographic and diagram templates to help. We’ve put together an actionable step-by-step tutorial for your next infographic. 

1. Outline the Purpose and Target

Before doing anything, you need to strategize your infographic. What is the purpose behind it? What story do you wish to tell? Are you visualizing survey results, research data, marketing analytics, or something else? 

Who is the target? Is it clients, readers, team members, or your teachers? Who are you creating this infographic for ? Be sure to know how your target consumes infographics and takes that route; people relate to what they know.

Will you be making a presentation with slides in a portrait format or a vertical infographic? Do you have a lot of numerical data, or is it more informational? Here is a list of infographic options that you can make with PowerPoint and SlideModel:

• One or multiple infographic slides in a complex presentation
• Full Infographic presentation
• Long and vertical infographic
• Square; single or carousel.

Outline these things on a document and have them on hand as you go through the next steps. Take notes as things progress and change. Everything is flexible until you feel that the data story is being told as you envisioned it.

2. Collect the Data

Decide how you will collect the data. Will you conduct research, survey, and round up analytics from data monitoring tools? Will you use existing data from databases like Our World in Data (Population), CDC WONDER database (Health), or other reliable sources ? 

If you’ll be collecting data via research and surveys, your questions must reflect your purpose and make it relatable to the audience. The wording of the questions needs to be equitable and objective. If sourcing existing data, you’ll need to filter the exact data sets you need and ignore the rest.

Do not manipulate the questions or answer choices to tell the visual story subjectively. Always be objective. If the data reflects something different than you expected, don’t change it to suit your theory.

2. Clean and Analyze the Data

Considering your purpose and target, analyze the data and clean it to fit in your infographic. When choosing what data sets to visualize, manipulate the data objectively so that it’s clear and there are no redundancies. Only use the essential data you need to tell your story. 

Separate quantitative and qualitative data into separate sections, as they need to be visualized differently. Quantitative data, i.e., numerical data, can be visualized in charts and graphs, while qualitative data will need percentage gauges and informational visualizations.

Scrape the final data into dimensions like geographic , demographic , cultural , political, and behavioral . This will help you figure out the best way to lay out the data visualizations to tell your story visually and share your findings.

4. Visualize Data Into an Infographic

Now it’s time to visualize the data and turn it into an infographic. When creating an informational infographic, it’s time to write or edit the content to be succinct and short. Do a quick draft of how the information should be laid out. If it’s a step by step or process, it should progress from the top down or from the left to right. Don’t go against natural reading patterns.

Select and take note of the infographic styles you’ll need for your slides or presentation. You’ll likely have to combine different ones to tell your data story completely. For example, a combination of statistical, list, and geography infographic slides is perfect for a visualization of a specific location, and its characteristics.

At this time, you have to consider the visual metaphors that’ll be part of your infographic presentation. How do you come up with the elements for visual metaphors? You can mindmap or brainstorm using keywords and concepts from your data set. For example, imagine your infographic slides about big cities’ wealth gap. You can use visuals or icons representing money, housing styles, and employee satisfaction and mix them up with percentage gauges, large numbers, and subtext. The point is that the visual metaphor creates instant acknowledgment from the viewer.

You’ll need to choose a color palette and font pairing that suits your infographic’s purpose and format. If you already have a branding kit, by all means, use that, otherwise, you can choose your own color palette . Select a font that is easy to read and doesn’t get in the way of the data.

One infographic template slide (it can be any) in different color palettes and font pairings. Four max, in a collage

Start visualizing data sets and place them in order on your canvas or presentation. On a vertical infographic, you’ll need to separate the area into sections that can be followed. Use bits and pieces from several SlideModel templates to create your ideal data composition. Add two or three data sets per slide in a presentation or carousel. Avoid using a single chart per slide; it loses infographic quality and ends up as just a chart. 

PRO Tip: Using PowerPoint, you can first create a presentation using 16:9 slides where each slide represents a specific section, and then join all of them together to produce a vertical infographic layout.

Take a look at this infographic dashboard template and get inspired to create compositions like these, where the data sets are grouped per slide. Better yet, if each data group has a specific dimension or category. These can be separated and used as you wish in a vertical infographic.

Here are some essential tips to help you prepare the data for your eye-catching infographics.

Know your data types

You’ll need to know what type of data you’re analyzing before you start visualizing it . All data is categorized into two main types; quantitative and qualitative. In turn, quantitative data can be discreet or continuous, while qualitative data can be nominal or ordinal. 

Let’s take a look at what all that means.

• Discreet: Numerical data in complete integers, no decimals or fractions.
• Continuous: Precise numerical data that can be measured into decimals.
• Nominal: Variables of data without an intrinsic order.
• Ordinal: Values that can be in order or hierarchical.

Use the data type to inspire the visual metaphors you include in the infographics. These are what help the viewer understand your data story faster. 

Use clear data sets or data dimensions

Data dimensions, or data categorization, are essential to data storytelling. If these aren’t clear in the visualization, there’s no backstory or foundation to what is being explained. These are the most common data dimensions you’ll be working with:

• Demographic

Many other data dimensions apply to specific topics or industries. For example, in social media marketing, you’ll use metrics such as reach, engagement, views, and followers. But each of these can be subdivided into the basic data dimensions above.

How deep and detailed your data dimensions are, depends on what you want to analyze and share with stakeholders, clients, or team members. The more you understand the dimensions of your topic, the better your infographic will be.

The slide below, for example, shows data dimensions for the different screen types on which people view a digital application.

Choose the right visualization for your data

Finally, knowing what data visualization to pick for your data is essential for a clear flow of information in your infographic. Infographics have a mix of visualizations that work together to tell a story.

Here’s an overview of what visualizations are best for what type of data.

• Donut charts
• Percentage gauges
• Line graphs
• Pyramid charts
• Funnel charts
• Tree charts
• Color-coded
• Bubble charts

How to use SlideModel’s ready-made infographic templates to make an eye-catching infographic in PowerPoint

Creating an infographic with PowerPoint is much easier when you take advantage of SlideModel templates. We’ve created four infographic case studies to show you the possibilities. Let’s dive in.

A political analyst in Hawaii wants to create an infographic using the results of a recent poll. For this example, we sourced the data from the civilbeat.org website on a poll they conducted about constructing the Thirty Meter Telescope on Mauna Kea.

Let’s look at how this survey can be turned into an infographic presentation. Since there’s a set number of participants and the questions are multiple-choice, the data is numerical (quantitative) and best visualized in percentages. Percentages can be visualized in many ways. Pie charts and donut chart s have long been the favorites, but you can try other styles for infographics.  

“In the end, when it comes to displaying data — you need to do your best to design a simple story while being accurate.” – Kristi Pelzel ,

Slide 1/Slide 2: Title: Will the Thirty Meter Telescope ever be built? Native Hawaiians hope it doesn’t.

Slide 3: 64% support of all voters polled the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope. 

Slide 5:  48% of Native Hawaiians and 53% under 50 don’t support it . (Icons of native Hawaiian and people under 50 and the percentages)

Slide 4 : 50% oppose the protests about the TMT while 43% support them (thumbs up and thumbs down visual metaphor)

Slide 5 : Mauna Kea already has 13 telescopes. (an outline of Manua Kea and 13 dots along it)

Slide 6 : the Hawaii Night Sky Protection Act was initiated on July 1, 2013. (calendar and document visuals)

Slide 7 : Mauna Kea is the highest of all the mountain islands and considered sacred by the native Hawaiians.

Slide 8 : Construction of the TMT will cost at least, 2400 million USD. (Big number and money icon with the explanation)

Slide 9:   Construction of the TMT on Mauna Kea is paused and might be constructed in La Palma, Tenerife. (The two islands and a line to connect them)

Take a look below at the complete infographic presentation for this case study.

A university in Texas analyzes and visualizes admission test results for SATs taken on students’ graduation year. The purpose is to share the findings with high schools and other universities to help their students perform better on tests.

Each presentation slide is a section of the infographic. Repurpose it to create a 16:9 infographic presentation and a vertical visual infographic to use for other purposes.

We’ve outlined the visualization into sections. Each section is one slide.

Section 1: Texas High School students who SAT tests, perform differently according to ethnicity and economical advantage. 

Section 2: The tested topics (Visualization of the topics tested.  1. Math, 2. Critical Reading  3. Writing.)

Section 3:   Highest scores: Asians – 1110. Lower scores: Black or African American – 858 A big data set to set the scene, what ethnicity had the highest combined scores. Asian in both years.

Section 4 : Economically disadvantaged test takers perform 20% worse than economically advantaged.

Section 5 : Between 2007 and 2010 all combined test score results lowered year over year

A home security systems company wishes to share its marketing and sales performance in an infographic presentation. 

The data is a collection of analytics results from the company’s CRM, customer segmentation and a popup poll on the website sent to repeat customers. 

Slide 1: The power of marketing and sales in home security. More people wanted to feel safe at home in 2021

Slide 2:   Sales totals per Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 in dollar amounts.  Q1: 780K USD Q2: 910K USD

Q3: 1.2M Q4: 2M

Slide 3 : 25% percent of customers were new in 2021, 75% were repeat customers.

Slide 4 : 68% of customers live in the east coast of the US. 80% live in cities, 75% in a house

Slide 5 : 95% of customers say they’d recommend the product to friends

Case Study Example 4: Social Media Marketing Campaign Performance Infographic Presentation.

A marketing agency has created a social media campaign for a client and wishes to share the results in an infographic.  

During and after the campaign, the marketing manager collected all UTM data leading to a dedicates landing page, plus all social media analytics for the posts about the campaign using a special hashtag. Using all this data, they created an infographic presentation to show the client.

Slide 1: Marketing with dedicated hashtags and landing pages have better results for market positioning.

Slide 2: Total followers per Social Channel before and after (social channel icon and arrows going up)

• Instagram – 15K – 17K
• TikTok –  3.5K – 5.2K
• Facebook – 12K – 14K

Slide 3: Churn percentages before and after the campaign Before: 31%   After:25% (exit sign and entry sign)

Slide 4: Percentages of hashtag use. Instagram: 56%, TikTok: 37%, Facebook: 7%

Slide 5:   UTM links navigation to landing page, 156K in one month.

The SlideModel PowerPoint template library is a vast resource for your infographic creation needs.  With an unlimited plan, you have access to all presentation templates, with which you‘ll be able to create not just one infographic presentation but as many as you want.

Do you want to create vertical or square infographics on PowerPoint? Download the SlideModel templates you might need and mix and match the elements in your PowerPoint canvas.  Your infographic presentations will never be boring again.

1. Infographic PowerPoint

Use This Template

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iStudy for Success!

Online learning tutorials for essential college skills.

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Oral Presentations

Goals and objectives, instructor's guide.

Upon completion of this tutorial, you will be able to:

• Differentiate between different types of oral presentations
• Use logical steps to prepare your presentation
• Determine the best method of delivery
• Utilize behaviors that help you enhance your credibility as a presenter
• Make decisions about incorporating humor in your presentation
• Employ techniques to improve the environment in which you will be presenting
• Develop a technique to help control nervousness
• Use your voice and gestures to maintain interest in the presentation
• Prepare and use visual aids effectively

Read the materials about making oral presentations, and complete the activities as you prepare and practice your presentation.

• Types of Presentations
• Preparing a Presentation
• Being a Credible Speaker
• Using Humor Effectively and Controlling Your Nervousness
• Delivering the Presentation
• Activity 1: Oral Presentations Review Quiz

Note : All external links in this tutorial will open in a new window or tab.

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Presentation Skills Toolkit for Medical Students

New section.

The ability to design and deliver an effective presentation is an important skill for all learners to develop. The Undergraduate Medical Education Section of the Group on Educational Affairs developed this toolkit as a resource for medical students and health professions trainees as you learn to create and give effective presentations in the classroom, in the clinical setting, and at academic meetings and conferences. In this toolkit, you’ll find helpful resources on developing and delivering formal lectures and presentations, poster and oral abstract presentations, patient presentations, and leading small group sessions.

Please note: Availability of resources may change over time. To suggest edits or updates, email  [email protected] .

On this page:

Formal lectures and presentations, posters and abstracts, patient presentations.

• Leading Small Groups

Traditional academic presentations in medicine and the biomedical sciences are necessarily dense with complex content. Thus, slides tend to be wordy, and presenters may use their slides as cue cards for themselves rather than as tools to facilitate learning for their audience. With the necessary resources, medical students (and presenters at all levels) can better identify appropriate learning objectives and develop presentations that help learners meet those objectives. Organization of content, clarity of slide design, and professional delivery are all essential components to designing and giving effective formal presentations.

Achieving all of these elements can make creating and delivering a formal presentation challenging. The strategies and resources below can help you develop a successful formal presentation.

View long description of infographic .

Strategies for success

• Define the objectives of the presentation. Always define learning objectives for each of your lectures to make it clear what knowledge or skills the audience should acquire from your presentation. The best learning objectives define specific, measurable, or observable knowledge or skill gains. Furthermore, consider how to communicate the importance of the topic to your audience and how information should be arranged to best communicate your key points.
• Design an effective slide set. You should begin creating your slides only after defining your objectives and key points. The slides should support your talk but not be your talk. Keep slides simple. The audience should be able to review a slide and grasp key points quickly. Avoid lengthy text and distracting decorative fonts, clip art, graphs, and pictures. If additional wording or images are necessary, consider handouts or alternative methods of sharing this information. Lastly, design your slide deck to emphasize the key points, revisiting your outline as necessary, and summarize concepts at regular intervals throughout your presentation to strengthen knowledge gains.  
• Practice your performance. Effective public speaking starts with preparation and practice. Ensure there is enough time to create your lecture and a supporting slide deck. Know your lecture material and slides without prompts! Understand the audience and learning climate (the size and knowledge level of your audience) and be prepared for the venue (virtual, in-person, or both, lecture hall or classroom). Think about what effective audience engagement may look like and how to incorporate audience response systems, polling, etc., into the lecture.
• Create a positive learning environment. Anticipate questions and allocate sufficient time to answer them. Always repeat the questions being asked for the audience’s benefit and to ensure your understanding. Some questions may be challenging, so be prepared and answer honestly. It is acceptable not to know an answer.
• Demonstrate professionalism in presenting. Exhibit professionalism by being punctual and having appropriate time management. Remember that mistakes happen; be kind to yourself and remain calm and collected. Be enthusiastic: If you can enjoy the experience, so will your audience. Finally, be open to feedback following your presentation. 

Additional resources

Below is a collection of resources that further address the elements of creating and delivering a formal presentation. Each resource addresses a specific presentation skill or set of skills listed above and can be used to develop your understanding further. 

• Healthy Presentations: How to Craft Exceptional Lectures in Medicine, the Health Professions, and the Biomedical Sciences (requires purchase, book). This illustrated book is a practical guide for improving scientific presentations. It includes specific, practical guidance on crafting a talk, tips on incorporating interactive elements to facilitate active learning, and before-and-after examples of improved slide design. (Skills addressed: 1-3)
• American College of Physicians: Giving the Podium Presentation (freely available, website). This guide includes recommendations related to presentation delivery, including tips on what to wear, how to prepare, answering questions, and anticipating the unexpected. (Skills addressed: 3-5)
• The 4 Ps of Giving a Good Presentation (freely available, PDF). This simple guide on public speaking from the University of Hull covers such topics as positive thinking, preparing, practice, and performing. (Skills addressed: 3-5)
• Zoom Guides (freely available, website). This website from the University of California, San Francisco is one of many great resources created by universities for presenting on a virtual platform, specifically Zoom. (Skills addressed: 3-5)
• Writing Learning Objectives (freely available, PDF). This excellent resource from the AAMC defines Bloom’s Taxonomy and provides verbiage for creating learning objectives. (Skill addressed: 1)
• Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83 (freely available, article). This AMEE Guide explains and explores the more commonly used adult learning theories and how they can be used to enhance learning. It presents a model that combines many of the theories into a flow diagram that can be followed by those planning a presentation. (Skill addressed: 1)
• Assertion-Evidence Approach (freely available, website). This approach to slide design incorporates clear messaging and the strategic combination of text and images. (Skill addressed: 2)
• Multimedia Learning (requires purchase, book). This book outlines the learning theories that should guide all good slide design. It is an accessible resource that will help presenters of all levels create slide decks that best facilitate learning. (Skill addressed: 2)
• Collaborative Learning and Integrated Mentoring in the Biosciences (CLIMB) (freely available, website). This website from Northwestern University shares slide design tips for scientific presentations. Specific tips include simplifying messages and annotating images and tables to facilitate learning. (Skill addressed: 2)
• Clear and to the Point (freely available, online book). This book describes 8 psychological principles for constructing compelling PowerPoint presentations. (Skill addressed: 2)

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Presenting the results of the research projects, innovations, and other work you have invested in at regional and national meetings is a tremendous opportunity to advance heath care, gain exposure to thought leaders in your field, and put your evidence-based medicine and communication skills into practice in a different arena. Effective scientific presentations at meetings also provide a chance for you to interact with an engaged audience, receive valuable feedback, be exposed to others’ projects, and expand your professional network. Preparation and practice are integral to getting the most out of these experiences.  

The strategies and resources below will help you successfully present both posters and abstracts at scientific meetings. 

Strategies for success  

• Identify a poster’s/abstract’s purpose and key points . Determine the purpose of sharing your work (feedback vs. sharing a new methodology vs. disseminating a novel finding) and tailor the information in your poster or abstract to meet that objective. Identify one to three key points. Keep in mind the knowledge and expertise of the intended audience; the amount of detail that you need to provide at a general vs. specialized meeting may vary. 
• Design an effective poster . Design your poster to follow a logical flow and keep it uncluttered. The methods and data should support your conclusions without extraneous information; every chart or image should serve a purpose. Explicitly outline the key takeaways at the beginning or end.  
• Present in a conversational, informal style . Imagine you are explaining your project to a colleague. The purpose of your work and key points should guide your presentation, and your explanation of the methods and data should link to your conclusions. Be prepared to discuss the limitations of your project, outline directions for future research, and receive feedback from your audience. Treat feedback as an opportunity to improve your project prior to producing a manuscript.  

Additional resources  

These resources support the development of the skills mentioned above, guiding you through the steps of developing a poster that frames your research in a clear and concise manner. The videos provide examples that can serve as models of effective poster and abstract presentations. 

• How to design an outstanding poster (freely available, article). This article outlines key items for laying out an effective poster, structuring it with the audience in mind, practicing your presentation, and maximizing your work’s impact at meetings. (Skills addressed: 1-3) 
• Giving an Effective Poster Presentation (freely available, video). This video shows medical students in action presenting their work and shares strategies for presenting your poster in a conversational style, preparing for questions, and engaging viewers. (Skills addressed: 2,3) 
• Better Scientific Poster (freely available, toolkit). This toolkit includes strategies and templates for creating an effective and visually interesting scientific poster. Virtual and social media templates are also available. (Skill addressed: 2)

As with all presentations, it can be very helpful to practice with colleagues and/or mentors before the meeting. This will allow you to get feedback on your project, style, and poster design prior to sharing it with others outside of your institution. It can also help you prepare for the questions you may get from the audience.  

Patient presentation skills are valuable for medical students in the classroom and in the care of patients during clinical rotations. Patient presentations are an integral part of medical training because they combine communication skills with knowledge of disease manifestations and therapeutic strategies in a clinical scenario. They are used during active learning in both the preclinical and clinical phases of education and as students advance in training and interact with diverse patients.  

Below are strategies for delivering effective patient presentations. 

• Structure the presentation appropriately . The structure of your narrative is important; a concise, logical presentation of the relevant information will create the most impact. In the clinical setting, preferences for presentation length and style can vary between specialties and attendings, so understanding expectations is vital. 
• Synthesize information from the patient encounter . Synthesis of information is integral for effective and accurate delivery that highlights relevant points. Being able to select pertinent information and present it in an efficient manner takes organization and practice, but it is a skill that can be learned.  
• Deliver an accurate, engaging, and fluent oral presentation . In delivering a patient presentation, time is of the essence. The overall format for the presentation is like a written note but usually more concise. Succinctly convey the most essential patient information in a way that tells the patient’s story. Engage your listeners by delivering your presentation in an organized, clear, and professional manner with good eye contact. Presentations will go more smoothly with careful crafting and practice. 
• Adjust presentations to meet team, patient, and setting needs . Adaptability is often required in the clinical setting depending on attending preferences, patient needs, and location, making it imperative that you are mindful of your audience.  

The resources below provide samples of different types of patient presentations and practical guides for structuring and delivering them. They include tips and tricks for framing a case discussion to deliver a compelling story. Resources that help with adjusting patient presentations based on the setting, such as bedside and outpatient presentations, are also included. 

• A Guide to Case Presentations (freely available, document). This practical guide from the Ohio State University discusses basic principles of presentations, differences between written and oral communication of patient information, organization, and common pitfalls to avoid. (Skills addressed: 1-3) 
• Verbal Case Presentations: A Practical Guide for Medical Students (freely available, PDFs). This resource from the Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership provides a practical guide to crafting effective case presentations with an explanation of the goals of each section and additional tips for framing the oral discussion. It also provides a full sample initial history and physical examination presentation. (Skills addressed: 1-4) 
• Patient Presentations in Emergency Medicine (freely available, video). This training video for medical students from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine demonstrates how to tell a compelling story when presenting a patient’s case. The brief video offers handy dos and don'ts that will help medical students understand how best to communicate in the emergency department efficiently and effectively. These skills can also be applied to patient presentations in other specialties. (Skills addressed: 1-4) 

Additional information and support on effectively constructing and delivering a case presentation can be found through various affinity support and mentorship groups, such as the Student National Medical Association (SNMA), Latino Medical Student Association (LMSA), and Building the Next Generation of Academic Physicians (BNGAP). 

Leading Small Groups

For physicians, working within and leading small groups is an everyday practice. Undergraduate medical education often includes small group communication as well, in the form of problem-based learning groups, journal clubs, and study groups. Having the skills to form, maintain, and help small groups thrive is an important tool for medical students.   

Below are strategies to provide effective small group leadership. 

• Outline goals/outcomes . Delineating the goals of a meeting ensures that everyone understands the outcome of the gathering and can help keep conversations on track. Listing goals in the agenda will help all participants understand what is to be accomplished. 
• Establish ground rules . Establishing explicit procedural and behavioral expectations serves to solidify the framework in which the conversation will take place. These include items such as attendance and how people are recognized as well as the way group members should treat each other.   
• Create an inclusive environment . In addition to setting expectations, group leaders can take steps to help all participants feel that their perspectives are valuable. Setting up the room so that everyone sits around a table can facilitate conversations. Having individuals introduce themselves can let the group understand everyone’s background and expertise. In addition, running discussions in a “round-robin style” (when possible) may help every person have an opportunity to express themselves. 
• Keep discussions constructive, positive, and on task . As meetings evolve, it can be easy for conversations to drift. Reminding the group of goals and frequently summarizing the discussion in the context of the planned outcomes can help redirect meetings when needed. 
• Manage virtual meetings . Online meetings present their own challenges. Adequate preparation is key, particularly working through technological considerations in advance. Explicitly discussing goals and ground rules is even more important in the virtual environment. Group leaders should be more patient with members’ response times and be especially diligent that all participants have an opportunity to be heard.   

The resources listed below outline additional helpful points, expanding on the skills described above and providing additional perspectives on managing small group meetings of different types. 

• Communication in the Real World: Small Group Communication (freely available, online module). This chapter includes an overview of managing small groups, including understanding the types and characteristics, group development, and interpersonal dynamics. (Skills addressed: 3,4) 
• Conversational Leadership (freely available, online book chapter). This short online resource provides guidance for determining group size and seating to best facilitate participation by all group members. (Skill addressed: 4) 
• Tips on Facilitating Effective Group Discussion (freely available, PDF). This resource from Brown University provides tips for effective group facilitation, creating an environment conducive for discussions, keeping conversations positive, and managing common problems. Also included is a valuable list of references for further exploration. (Skills addressed: 1-4) 
• Facilitating Effective Discussions: Self-Checklist (freely available, online checklist). This checklist from Brown University provides an easy-to-use, practical framework for preparing for, performing, and reflecting on small group facilitation. (Skills addressed: 1-4) 
• Sample Guidelines for Classroom Discussion Agreements (freely available, PDF). These guidelines from Brown University give useful tips for managing classroom discussions, including when disagreements occur among group participants. (Skill addressed: 2) 
• Fostering and assessing equitable classroom participation (freely available, online article). This online resource from Brown University includes methods to maximize group members’ participation in discussions and to communicate expectations. Also included is a valuable list of references for further exploration. (Skill addressed: 3) 
• Facilitating small group learning in the health professions (freely available, online article). The aim of this paper published in BMC Medical Education is to provide students involved in peer/near peer teaching with an overview of practical approaches and tips to improve learner engagement when facilitating small groups. It includes a discussion of the roles of facilitators, strategies for fostering interactions among the group, and methods for resolving common problems. (Skills addressed: 1-4) 
• Facilitating a Virtual Meeting (freely available, PDF). This infographic from the University of Nebraska Medical Center includes key points to consider when facilitating an online meeting, including technical considerations, preparation, and follow-up. (Skill addressed: 5) 
• Most universities have a communication department with faculty who specialize in small group communication. You may also find that these individuals are a valuable resource. 

This toolkit was created by a working group of the Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) Section of the Group on Educational Affairs (GEA). 

Working Group Members

• Geoffrey Talmon, MD, University of Nebraska Medical Center
• Jason Kemnitz, EdD, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine 
• Lisa Coplit, MD, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University 
• Rikki Ovitsh, MD, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine
• Susan Nofziger, MD, Northeast Ohio Medical University  
• Amy Moore, MEd, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine 
• Melissa Cellini, MD, New York Medical College 
• Richard Haspel, MD, Harvard Medical School 
• Christine Phillips, MD, Boston University School of Medicine 
• Arvind Suresh, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth 
• Emily Green, PhD, MA, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University 
• Holly Meyer, PhD, MS, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 
• Karina Clemmons, EdD, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
• Shane Puckett, EdD, University of South Florida 
• Angela Hairrell, PhD, Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University 
• Arkene Levy Johnston, PhD, Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine
• Sarah Collins, PhD, UT Southwestern Medical Center 
• Patrick Fadden, MD, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine 
• Lia Bruner, MD, Augusta University - University of Georgia Medical Partnership 
• Jasna Vuk, MD, PhD, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences 
• Pearl Sutter, University of Connecticut School of Medicine 
• Kelly Park, Baylor University Medical Center

120 Presentation Topic Ideas Help You Hook Your Audience

Updated: January 15, 2024

Published: August 09, 2023

Cooking is easy. The puzzle is figuring out what to eat. As soon as you know that, you can get started. The same holds for presentations. The sooner you can whip up a good, informative, and catchy topic, the easier the rest of the process becomes.

Pick a good topic that resonates with you and your audience to set a strong foundation. But select the wrong topic, and it becomes difficult to connect with your audience, find mutual interests, or hold their attention.

So, let’s learn how to develop thought-provoking and relevant topics for your presentations. You’ll also find some best practices to make your presentation memorable.

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Table of Contents

How to Choose a Great Presentation Topic in 5 Steps

120 presentation topic ideas, 5 presentation tips.

4. Choose an appropriate presentation style.

There are many ways to present a topic. Your personality, the topic at hand, and your audience’s personas will help you determine which style would best fit you and your audience.

Select a presentation style that will communicate the main idea clearly and have a lasting impact on your audience.

For instance, explore a freeform style presenter by Sir Ken Robinson.

5. Engage with your audience.

Work on your presentation skills to make a strong connection with your audience, get through to them and leave a mark.

Think of the presenter as the link between the topic and the audience. A strong or a weak presenter can make a difference between a presentation being a thriving success or a boring failure.

Hone your skills by engaging and interacting with your audience. Make them feel like a part of the presentation and not just spectators. 70% of marketers have found presentations with interactive content to be more effective than those without.

Here are a few ways you can make your presentation interactive:

• Start your speech with uncommon questions to your audience. Involve them from the get-go, like ask to raise their hands if X.
• Make eye contact to build credibility and show confidence. Don’t stare at your slides or notes. Smile occasionally and talk to the audience directly.
• Have an active and confident body language. Don’t stand in the same place the entire time. Move around the stage.
• Don’t be monotonous. Speak as you would to a colleague — with enthusiasm.
• Ask close-ended questions in between to keep the audience engaged without losing time. Address them using their names to keep things interesting.
• Share personal experiences and stories that your audience will find fascinating and relatable.
• Practice thoroughly before you present so you’re fluent with the material and delivery.
• Energy and excitement can be quite contagious. Make sure you exude enough to spread some to your audience.

Feeling Inspired Yet?

Now you have all the right ingredients for choosing amazing topics and a hundred ideas to drive inspiration from. So, go ahead and start cooking presentations that will blow your audience away.

Don’t forget to choose a super-relevant topic and add meaty information. Do it with excitement to make it enjoyable for you and your audience. Best of luck!

Don't forget to share this post!

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5. Presentations, posters and infographics

Presentations can be in person or online, live or recorded or a mixture of all of these. Check your Subject Outline for assignment details or marking criteria, so you know exactly what is required.

Techniques for keeping your audience engaged

Interactivity for online presentations, presentation slides, images and icons, infographics, types of presentations.

Consider the audience, purpose, context and format when planning your presentation.

• Will your presentation be  face-to-face, online, or both ? You might do your presentation to a “live” audience but have it recorded for others to watch later.
• What  format or medium will you use? A visual presentation may take the form of a slideshow, a poster or an infographic. An oral presentation could be with or without extra visual elements.
• An  interactive presentation or workshop  will involve you presenting your knowledge and ideas but should also provide opportunities for activities and interaction, including debate, questions or role play.

Regardless of the format, a  clear structure  and  compelling content are essential to keep your audience interested. The preparing for oral presentations and creating presentation slides videos from the Academic Skills Team gives an overview of things to be aware of when presenting, like using effective eye contact and gestures.

Practise your presentation — record yourself to check the timing. Are you speaking too fast or too slowly? Are you changing your tone of voice? A monotone can be very boring. Practise again to improve your pace and tone.

Know your topic well  — if you barely understand what you are talking about it will be difficult to speak well. Find out as much as you can to inform your presentation. Think about how much your audience knows on the topic so you know what needs to be explained.  Examples or anecdotes  help make a presentation more interesting and relevant.

Use notes or an outline as a prompt  — when you are nervous it is easy to forget the brilliant things you had planned to say. Notes can act as a reminder of the  key points . However, if you have the whole speech written out, you will be tempted to read it as is and that can ruin the conversational tone or spontaneity of your presentation.

Use strategic pauses  — pause before and after important points to  provide   emphasis  and to grab your audience’s attention.

Ask questions   — this is a good way to keep your audience interested and involved. Prepare some questions to ask your audience. Questions about their  own experiences or thoughts  are easier and less scary for your audience to answer than questions that require a “correct” response.

Repeat audience questions  — if a participant asks a question it is always a good idea to repeat the question to ensure that  everyone hears it . This is crucial for online attendees who often can’t hear anything not spoken into the microphone.

Watch this video in the  How to make a great presentation  playlist for tips on how to make a lasting impression on your audience.

Tools for online presenting

Zoom is video conferencing software that can be used for presentations and meetings. Charles Sturt University provides access to Zoom for students and staff. You can send a link to participants to join your presentation. The web browser client will download automatically when the participants join their first Zoom meeting, and is also available for manual download.  You can share your screen and record the session . Make sure you get your participants’ permission before you start recording.

These tools and features can help make your online presentation more interactive:

Chat — turn chat on so your audience can type their questions and respond to your questions. If possible, have a helper to monitor chat for you. Alternatively, you could use another communication tool such as X (formerly known as Twitter) to involve your audience and allow them to give feedback.

The ability to mute or unmute participants  — allow individuals in your audience to ask questions and respond without having the constant noise of the whole audience unmuted in the background. Establish some guidelines at the start of your session about how participants can indicate that they want to ask a question. Some tools allow participants to use a raised hand icon or they can send a message via the chat function.

Whiteboard tool  — the whiteboard will usually allow text, drawing, highlighting etc. You and your audience can share concepts and ideas.

Shared document  — this could be a Word document or spreadsheet on OneDrive . Set the access so others can comment or edit the shared document. Writing and referencing tools  has information on accessing and using these tools.

Mind mapping and brainstorming tools  — tools like  Coggle  and  Bubbl.us are good for brainstorming and mapping out complex concepts. Download the Academic Skills Brainstorming, mind mapping and concept mapping learning resource for information about Miro and Mural mind mapping and brainstorming tools. Or try Padlet free version with 20MB upload.

Poll tool  — you can post a question or idea and your audience can vote on it or provide feedback or comments:

• Zoom has a poll tool. To learn more about using the poll tool read Conducting polls in meetings .
• Slido  has a free basic plan that requires registration. Slido allows audience members to comment or ask questions during a presentation
• Tricider  is a free polling tool that doesn’t require registration, just a link to the question.

If your design skills aren’t great, follow these design tips to create appealing presentations:

• Be  consistent with your headings, fonts, colours, layout, and themes (shapes, symbols, icons etc)
• Only have  one idea or point  per slide
• Have no more than  six bullets  per slide
• Use  words as cues  rather than having complete sentences
• Only use  one chart or graphic per slide.

Slide and presentation tools

Find out about more  presentation tools .

• Fonts should be  easy to read
• Be  consistent  with your sizing for headings, subheadings and paragraphs
• Make your heading font  distinctive  from your paragraph font
• Don’t go smaller than an  18 point  font for face-to-face presentations. It has to be large enough to be visible on the screen
• Check your Subject Outline for task specific details.
• Use a simple, clean design.
• Grey is a good contrast colour or choose a lighter shade of the main colour.

• Try the Color Harmony   options, such as Analogous, Complementary and Shades
• Drag the circles on the wheel to spin to different colours
• Change the  RGB  (Red, Green, Blue) colour value codes that set the hue, saturation and lightness.
• You could also click the  Explore  option to search for different colour combinations

Copy the code values to set the same colours in your presentation.

Other colour tools

• w3schools.com has a  colour picker tool  to set different colour values
• Colorbrewer2.org  allows you to select a Colorblind safe option. It is designed for creating map colours but you can use the colour information in your presentations. You can change the number of colours and there are different export formats.

Using images or icons instead of text can make your presentation look more interesting. The  Find and use media module lists sources of images. Remember to check the Creative Commons licence type to see how you should credit the author. Public domain images do not require an attribution.

High resolution images are better for print formats. Images you download from the web are often low resolution to reduce the file size. If you are creating a print document, look for the full resolution option, if available.

Find  icons  for reuse:

• The Noun project  — has Creative Commons and public domain icons
• flaticon.com

Screenshots :

• Take a screenshot.org  — explains how to capture the full screen or a specific area on different devices
• Nimbus Screenshot & Screen Video Recorder  — this Chrome extension lets you take a screenshot of the entire current page. It also has a screen recording function but it is limited in the free version. Other browsers should have similar tools.

Use  GIMP , free image editing software, to resize or edit images. Find out about  more tools for working with images .

Posters are often used at conferences or other events to share important research. You can use the same design tips for colour, fonts and themes for creating a research or abstract poster. Other design elements may include: (Check your Subject Outline for task specific details).

• Use a 3 or 4  column  format
• Try to keep 40% of the poster as  white space , with no text or images. It helps organise the flow of information and prevents cluttering
• Keep a margin around the edge of the poster
• Use a large  heading  for your title across the top and  sub-headings  on your columns
• Title heading — 85 point font
• Subheadings — 36 point
• Body text — 24 point

The  CLIPS website  has information on what to put in a  science poster , a PowerPoint for posters video and PowerPoint templates, in different sizes, for download.

More PowerPoint instructions:

• Set the size of the slides  to the poster requirements before you start
• Convert your slide to a PDF  before you print it to keep the formatting as you intended.

Layout and Composition: Grids (LinkedIn Learning, 1h1m) looks at how to use grids to create strong and consistent designs for posters. A Charles Sturt login is required.

Don’t forget to include references and attributions.

Print your poster

You can print up to A3 size , from the campus public access computers located in Charles Sturt libraries, computer labs and 24 hour zones. Or you can access myprint.csu.edu.au where all details of your printing can be managed directly from your personal devices to the university’s printing system. A Charles Sturt Student Card and PIN is required.

Other external specialised printing services may be available in your area, for larger sizes and high quality colour options.

Infographics and presentation software are excellent ways to present information and data in a visually appealing format. Online infographics can include interactive elements. Infographic examples:

• Information is Beautiful
• Tableau Public Gallery
• Daily Infographic

Choose a tool that allows you to share a link to your infographic or presentation.

Get  more information about infographic tools.

Digital Skills: Assignment Essentials Copyright © 2024 by Charles Sturt University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Visual Integrity: Misleading Messages, Ethics, and Credibility

What is “visual integrity”? This is an ethical question more so than it is a mechanical one (like the structural integrity of a bridge). In simplest terms, it means that the use of visual media should neither intentionally distort the integrity of a message nor promote a false impression or interpretation, which, as a whole, impacts to the credibility of the author. This definition is adapted from the works of Edward Tufte who has published several seminal books on the construction of accurate graphical representations of data according to his rules of “graphical excellence.”

Integrity in graphical representation: There is an old aphorism that says that you can make statistics say anything you want them to say through some form of manipulation. Tufte has devoted his work to the study of and the development of standards for data visualization so that graphic designers can uphold the integrity of their visual media.

Tufte’s work points to a singular call for a moral fitness of graphical representations. You will find video resources in this chapter that relate to Tufte’s principles taken from real world samples of badly designed data visualization.

Your goal, as an author of visual media, is to identify sources for your communication that present data truthfully, or at the very least, without evidence of deliberate bias or distortion.

Integrity in ethical representation:   Beyond Tufte’s focus on statistical integrity, there is an ethical dimension to the use of visual media in an effort to achieve a rhetorical effect. The ethical use of imagery has most frequently been associated with advertising media, but it can also extend to any other situation where a visual element is needed to support a statement in an oral presentation, infographic, magazine, or other visual media.

There are two main areas of ethical concern for authors of visual media:

• exploiting the natural human emotional response to visual stimuli to achieve a rhetorical effect,
• exploiting the presumed goodwill of an audience by deliberately representing visual information that is factually incorrect or distorts a realistic appearance.

Example: Neurological response to visual information

“Joe Camel” was an illustrated character designed to appeal to an immature brain – a strategically designed tactic to attract teens. Read more about the research .

Exploiting natural human response:   It is logical, as a communicator, to select the kinds of imagery that will elicit the desired rhetorical response from an audience. However, there are ethical and moral boundaries that must be considered in the context of communication, the subject matter involved, and the character of the audience for the messages.

The neurological capacity for humans to process visual information is the product of an evolutionary necessity for survival such as reacting to a pattern in the natural environment that asks, “Is that a tiger that is going to eat me? Or is that just waving reeds?” The brain has evolved to react immediately to visual patterns before rational cognition can take place, and this phenomenon can be exploited.

The brain is not only hardwired to respond this way, it will respond to stimuli differently during each stage of human growth (Barry, A. , 2004). A child or teenager will respond to an emotional appeal differently than an adult. This is why there are restrictions placed on the display of graphic violence or injury on televised news media, ratings are posted for popular films, and editorial discretion is made before publishing certain provocative advertising campaigns.

Exploiting an audience’s goodwill:   Visual integrity can also pertain to the honest and accurate portrayal of facts and reality in a rhetorical context.

Generally, the audience for the messages you produce will be received under the presumption of goodwill – you stand before your audience (literally or virtually) as an ambassador of truth and good intentions.

For example, let’s say an author’s goal is to persuade the audience that an alternative approach to the design of a mobile phone app will produce a better user experience. They may employ a logical strategy by presenting a procedural model (see fig. 1 below), or suggest to the audience that their lengthy experience in user interface design confers authority to determine which design works best (a credibility-based approach) (see fig. 2 below). To support either of these rhetorical approaches, the author may choose to show a selected image that has a reinforcing effect, as seen below.

In each instance above, the author has made a decision about what kind of visual media would strengthen the message that is accompanied by written or oral communication. The audience assumes, for example, that the model in figure 1 is a true representation of best practice in user experience design for a mobile application. The audience assumes that the image used by the author in figure 2 does in fact show that the author has been an expert in his field for as long as he claims (the image might actually be an old image of himself doing something completely unrelated).

On the ethics of photo selection in photojournalism:

“When you are in media management, you hold the reigns not only to what information people get, but how they get it , in what order they see or hear it, and sometimes how they feel about it. ” – Katie McKay

As far as the audience is concerned, they trust that the author would only show something to them if it were true and accurate. Since the audience is not in a position to fact check every detail of a presentation as it goes along, they must depend upon the presumption of the author’s goodwill to sustain their involvement with the presentation or media.

The presumption of goodwill in the presentation of visual media is therefore directly associated with the author’s credibility. Exploiting the audience’s goodwill could lead to the complete dismissal of the author’s integrity.

Misleading graphical representation

The videos below demonstrate how graphical representations can be misleading.

Here is another collection of real world examples of statistical representations that were either intentionally designed to mislead the audience or were produced incompetently and no one conducted a quality control check:

ethical issues in rhetorical representation

Instances of ethical issues in advertising abound. Below are some examples that exploit goodwill or are gratuitously provocative.

American Apparel’s breach of moral standards related to the display of semi-nudity. The area of the article worth examining is the corporation’s justification that the design and display of the model was consistent with typical imagery shared on social media. The British Advertising Standards Authority felt that the images used in the ads were irresponsible and banned nearly all of them.

The freelance gig app, Fiverr, produced a series of print ads that were criticized as exploitative of the desperation freelance professionals feel in trying to find leads for their next job. Articles popped up that described how this approach was irresponsible.

An example of a print ad produced by Fiverr that received criticism for the appearance of exploiting the plight of freelancers.

In the example below, National Geographic was criticized for using an image of the pyramids at Giza, Egypt on its cover where they digitally manipulated them to move them closer together. This was done purely for a more aesthetic appearance. While this action was not intended to deceive readers in the same way a photo editor might change the color or shape of a person’s body, it promoted an inaccurate representation of reality. The backlash undermined National Geographic’s credibility.

An image used by the University of Wisconsin for their 2001 course catalog considered a crowd shot for its cover but it did not appear to reflect the desired diversity of students. A Black student was photoshopped in to remedy this problem. The altered image is below on the left (look behind the student in the white sweatshirt). While it may be true that UW-Madison is diverse in the manner portrayed below, it was unethical for the media editors to consent to this practice just because an accurate image did not exist.

On the credibility of photojournalism in the digital photography and editing era:

“The fundamental fact that we usually forget is that when we take a picture we do not make a perfectly objective recording of reality rather what we make is an interpretation of reality….  Debate continues as to whether manipulated images, particularly those in magazines and newspapers, contribute to lack of credibility, integrity and believability of news media contents.” – Chinonye Faith Malizu (2011)

cultural and historical sensitivity in the choices of visual imagery

The production of visual media for an audience is a dialogue between the maker and viewer. There is a linkage between the author’s depiction of “what is” versus the viewer’s perception of “what ought to be.” The author produces a code that signifies a representation, imitation, or construction of what is real. This dialogue occurs within a social context, which is, in itself, a construction. When an author creates visual media, the product perpetuates a certain reality while contributing to an ongoing construction of what normal means (and, of course, what abnormal might be).

Authors of visual media may select the perfect image to use in a communication context only discover that the image has a particularly sensitive meaning to a group of people or a historical connotation that distracts from the intended message, often producing a negative effect. Visual imagery can unwittingly reinforce stereotypes, prejudices, power dynamics or inflame conflict over hot-button issues. Here are some of the areas of cultural sensitivity that are relevant to authors of visual media:

• The depiction of women, minorities, and members of ethnic groups in ways that reinforce stereotypical roles or profiles.
• The use of certain language or phrases that codify certain beliefs or power dynamics, or inappropriately co-opt the messages of an interest group.
• The reference to religious traditions or historical events that are “tone deaf” to the people who are faithful to those religions.
• The appearance of hegemonic relationships between different groups or people or nations.
• The historical legacy of slavery and colonialism in America, the Caribbean, and elsewhere.
• The presence or absence of diverse representation of people in the context of a “normal” environment: age, race, disability, body type, gender identity, etc.

Below are some examples of marketing efforts that failed to adequately research the potential insensitivity their messages conveyed.

How do authors produce projects that align to cultural and historical sensitivity?

There are three basic perspectives to consider when producing visual media that align to codes of cultural and historical sensitivity (O’Donnell, V., 2004):

• Realistic Codes: The appearance, behavior, speech, and setting used to represent reality. How do you intend to portray reality?
• Representational Codes: The use of technologies to produce the appearance of the visuals. How do the affordances of technology affect the perception of context?
• Ideological Codes : The values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are associated with the norms of a society. How does the context and actions you portray conform to a particular social order?

Below are two of the examples presented by the Longneck & Thunderfoot LLC compilation from 2017.

In figure 1, the criticism of this image is centered on the appearance of the tall white girl leaning on the head of the Black girl as if she were an object. Let’s apply the three codes of cultural analysis to the GAP ad:

Realistic Codes: Does the image portray a reasonably realistic appearance, behavior, speech, and setting for the given context? Overall, it plausible that these individuals would congregate together, so there isn’t anything particularly unrealistic being portrayed here. Representational Codes: Does the use of technologies affect the perception of context in this visual? The photographic setting is located in a seamless studio. It is detached from a realistic physical environment such as a dance studio or school setting. But the seamless background, in itself, does not adversely affect the perception of the dynamic between the individuals, their respective cultures, or a historical connotation. Ideological Codes : Does the image reflect a set of values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that conform to a particular social order? In this case, the perception of the girls’ physical interplay, the racial components within that interplay, and the observable difference in the body language projected from each individual girl suggests a reality based upon an ideological code: the inferior status of Black people in relation to white people.

In figure 2, the Nivea ad, the elements of a cultural analysis are less abstract:

Realistic Codes: Does the image portray a reasonably realistic appearance, behavior, speech, and setting for the given context? Yes, there is nothing in particular about the image that is unrealistic. Representational Codes: Does the use of technologies affect the perception of context in this visual? The colors and context are contrived for the purpose of controlling the aesthetics of the ad, but the photography and representation of the context do not affect the plausible portrayal of a woman seated on a bed looking out a window. Ideological Codes : Does the image reflect a set of values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that conform to a particular social order? In this case, the image itself is innocent, but the text of the ad, given the historical legacy of white supremacy in America, could be misconstrued to suggest that, while “white is purity,” things (or people) that are non-white are impure .

An overt example of Representational Codes in the world of selfie making

The Beauty Plus app is designed to retouch and reshape the user’s appearance according to a standard of beauty. There are clear ethical ramifications to the use of retouching one’s physical appearance with deceptive intent. On the other hand, “deception” in this manner may be a cultural construct that is more important in some societies but less so in others.

Authors of visual media must take into consideration that their work is a reflection of an individual’s cultural perspective. The selection of imagery in a given project will, for the viewer, suggest “what normal looks like” in a given context. For example, in depicting a business situation, how would a person of color feel about seeing a collection of business professionals who are all white? How would a woman feel about the representation of beauty in promotional material for clothes or makeup where her body type is never included?

As an author of visual media, you are privileged with the authority to determine who is included in your project and who is not.

An author’s best course of action should be to seek feedback and input from diverse sources before they “go live” with a publication or presentation.

OPTIONAL: Stock image search

Stock image repositories create libraries of realistic images that serve authors’ needs for images not readily available.

For example, if you were creating a tutorial on appropriate interpersonal interaction in a corporate environment, you would need several images of the same person (or people) in different business situations so that topics of the training could appear coherent.

The search process begins by logging in a professional stock image library and typing a search term. Let’s say you were searching for “accountant” and received a few pages of results. What does an accountant look like, from the perspective of “typical accountants you’d find in business situations”? Are they all white men, or are there men, women, people of color, varying ages, and varying mobility? What does a “real” accountant look like?

Take a look for yourself: Shutterstock’s library of accountants

Try another search on your own for something else, like firefighter, nurse, or “confident” (what does “confident” look like? What kind of person has confidence?).

Stock image libraries also need to consider the appearance of sarcasm or “only kidding” behaviors that could be considered insensitive. For example here is a search result for “frustrated man pointing to head” where the gesture is meant to convey a colloquial sense of a “just shoot me” situation. While this may seem completely innocuous, for millions of people affected directly by suicide (either in an attempt on taking their own life, or in experiencing an attempt or death by suicide of someone they know), the gesture appears to trivialize their lived experience.

Barry, A. (2004). Perception Theory. In Smith, K. L., Moriarty, S., Kenney, K., & Barbatsis, G. (Eds.), Handbook of visual communication: Theory, methods, and media . Routledge (pp. 45-62).

Malizu, C. F. (2011). Re-examining the credibility of photojournalism in the digital photography and editing era.  Benin Mediacom journal ,  1 (4), 133-148.

O’Donnell, V. (2004). A Cultural Analysis of the Unisys “Monitor Head” Television Commercial. In Smith, K. L., Moriarty, S., Kenney, K., & Barbatsis, G. (Eds.), Handbook of visual communication: Theory, methods, and media . Routledge (pp. 45-62).

Visual Communication Copyright © 2019 by UNH College of Professional Studies (Formerly Granite State College) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Ming Yan is fourth year PhD student in the Department of Animal Sciences within the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences at The Ohio State University. Ming is supervised by Dr. Zhongtang Yu studying rumen microbiome, specializing in bioinformatics, microbial genomics and ecology. Both of Ming's presentations centered around his work with rumen viruses– titled "Interrogating the diversity and ecological importance of viral dark matter in the rumen ecosystem." The presentation summarizes Ming's findings published at top-tier journals of Nature Communications  titled "Interrogating the viral dark matter of the rumen ecosystem with a global virome database" and at Microbiome (under publication)   with the title "Viruses contribute to microbial diversification in the rumen ecosystem and are associated with certain animal production traits."

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Final Rule to Strengthen Standards for Synthetic Organic Chemical Plants and Polymers and Resins Plants

April 9, 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a set of final rules that will significantly reduce emissions of toxic air pollution from chemical plants, including the potent air toxics ethylene oxide (EtO) and chloroprene. The reductions dramatically reduce the number of people with elevated air toxics-related cancer risks in communities surrounding the plants that use those two chemicals, especially communities historically overburdened by air toxics pollution.

Regulatory Documents

• Final Rule (prepublication version) (pdf) (5 MB)
• Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Final Rule (pdf) (1.3 MB)

Fact Sheets, Infographic and Presentation

• Fact Sheet: Overview of the Final Rule (pdf) (287.6 KB)
• Fact Sheet: Key Things to Know About the Final Rule (pdf) (192.9 KB)
• Infographic: EPA’s Air Toxics Rules for the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing and Polymers & Resins Industries (pdf) (54.7 MB)
• Overview Presentation: EPA's Final Rules for the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry and Group I & II Polymers and Resins Industry (pdf) (711.3 KB)

Additional Documents

• List of facilities covered by National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Synthetic Organic Chemical Plants and Group I and Group II Polymers and Resins Plants

Documents from Proposal

• Proposed Rule  
• Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Proposal
• Fact Sheet on  EPA's Community Risk Assessment and Risk Based Demographic Assessment

Web Pages for Individual Air Toxics Rules Included in the Final Action 

Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry: Organic National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) - 40 CFR 63 Subparts F,G,H,I

Group I Polymers and Resins: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

Group 2 Polymers and Resins: Epoxy Resins Production and Non-Nylon Polyamides: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

• Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Home
• EPA Actions To Reduce Risk
• Our Current Understanding
• EtO Risk and Your Health
• Addressing and Learning About EtO
• EtO Community Engagement
• Federal Partnerships on EtO
• EtO Additional Questions