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The 10 Project Management Knowledge Areas (PMBOK)

What do you need to know to succeed at project management? Everything! While there’s some truth to that joke, this answer can be narrowed down by looking at the project management knowledge areas as defined in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), a book by the Project Management Institute (PMI), which compiles the fundamental concepts of project management .

What Are the Project Management Knowledge Areas?

The project management knowledge areas can be simply defined as the key aspects of project management that should be overseen by project managers so they can plan, schedule, track and deliver projects successfully with the help of the project team and project stakeholders.

Each of these project management knowledge areas needs to be managed throughout the five project life cycle phases, which are project initiation, project planning, project execution, monitoring and controlling, and project closing. These are the chronological phases that every project goes through, also referred to as project management process groups in PMI’s PMBOK.

The PMBOK knowledge areas take place during any one of these process groups. You can think of the process groups as horizontal, while the knowledge areas are vertical. The knowledge areas are the core technical subject matter, which is necessary for effective project management.

The 10 Project Management Knowledge Areas

Here’s an overview of each of the 10 knowledge areas of project management, including a brief description of the key project management documents needed to control each of them. All of these project documents are part of the project management plan which includes information about all knowledge areas of project management.

1. Project Integration Management

Project integration management can be simply defined as the framework that allows project managers to coordinate tasks, resources, stakeholders, changes and project variables. Project managers can use different tools to make sure there are solid project integration management practices in place. For example, the project management plan is important for project integration because it works as a roadmap for the project to reach a successful end. Once created, the project plan is approved by stakeholders and/or sponsors before it’s monitored and tracked by the project management team.

Project management software, like ProjectManager , is ideal for project integration management because it’s an online platform that project managers can use to create a project plan, oversee project management knowledge areas and collaborate with their teams online. Choose between online Gantt charts, kanban boards, project calendars and other project management views to plan, schedule and track your projects. ProjectManager also has project reporting features that allow project managers to create project reports they can share with project stakeholders to keep them informed.

The project integration area also includes the directing and managing of the project work, which is the production of its deliverables. This process is monitored, analyzed and reported on to identify and control any changes or problems that might occur.

Also, any change control will be carried out. That might require request forms, approval from stakeholders and/or sponsors or another admin. This area is also part of the project closure at the end of the project.

2. Project Scope Management

Project scope management is one of the most important project management knowledge areas. It consists of managing your project scope, which refers to the work that needs to be executed in a project. To manage your project scope , you’ll need to build a project scope management plan, a document where you’ll define what will be done in your project.

To start building your scope management plan , begin by writing a scope statement. This statement is anything from a sentence to a bulleted list that’s comprehensive to reduce major project risks. Another part of this area is a work breakdown structure (WBS), which is a graphic breakdown of project work.

Validate scope during the project, which means making sure that the deliverables are being approved regularly by the sponsor or stakeholder. This occurs during the monitoring and controlling process groups and is about accepting the deliverables, not the specs laid out during planning.

The scope statement is likely going to change over the course of the project to control the scope, such as if a project falls behind schedule.

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3. Project Time Management

Project time management involves estimating your project duration, creating a project schedule and tracking the project team’s progress to ensure the project is completed on time. To do so, the first thing to do is to define your project scope to identify the tasks that should go into your project schedule.

Those project tasks are then put in an order that makes sense, and any dependencies between them are noted. These dependencies are then determined to be either finish-to-start (FS), finish-to-finish (FF), start-to-start (SS) or start-to-finish (SF). This is mostly for larger projects.

With the tasks now sequenced, the project resources required for each must be estimated and assigned. The duration of each task is also determined at this point. All of this leads to a schedule by first determining the critical path and float for each task. You should use project management tools like Gantt charts , kanban boards or project calendars to place the tasks on a timeline, and then work on resource leveling to balance resource usage.

Once the project schedule is made, plans to control the schedule are necessary. Earned value management is performed regularly to make sure that the actual plan is proceeding as planned.

4. Project Cost Management

This project management knowledge area involves estimating project costs to create a project budget . To do so, you’ll need to use cost-estimating tools and techniques to make sure that the funds cover the project expenses and are being monitored regularly to keep stakeholders or sponsors informed.

As with other project management knowledge areas, the cost management plan is the document where you’ll explain the method to establish the budget, which includes how and if it will change and what procedures will be used to control it. Each project task will have to be estimated for cost , which means including all resources such as labor, materials, equipment and anything else needed to complete the task.

5. Project Quality Management

A project can come in on time and within budget, but if the quality isn’t up to standard, then the project is a failure. This means that quality management is one of the most critical project management knowledge areas. Your project management plan should include a quality management plan section that specifies the quality control and quality assurance guidelines for your project.

Therefore, to control quality, the deliverables must be inspected to ensure that the standards outlined in the quality management plan are being met.

6. Project Human Resource Management

The project team is your most important resource, so it’s crucial to assemble the best team and make sure they’re happy. But also you need to track their performance to ensure that the project is progressing as planned. A human resource management plan identifies the roles and requirements for those positions, as well as how they fit into the overall project structure.

After you’ve determined the project roles , it’s time to fill those positions and acquire a project team. This can be done in-house by drawing from other departments in the organization, getting new hires or a combination of both. The team needs development, possibly training and other things that’ll make them viable for the project.

Managing the project team is an ongoing responsibility of the project manager. The team is monitored to make sure they’re working productively and that there are no internal conflicts, so everyone is satisfied.

7. Project Communications Management

All knowledge areas of project management are important, but communication management might be paramount as it informs every aspect of the project. Communications inform the team and stakeholders, therefore the need to plan communications management is a critical step in any project.

Related: Free Communication Plan Template

It’s at this point that the dissemination of communications is determined, including how it’s done and with what frequency. Target who needs what and when. Also, note how communications will occur when issues such as changes arise in the project.

Manage the communications when the project is executed to make sure it runs as planned. This also involves controlling communications by reviewing their effectiveness regularly and adjusting as needed.

8. Project Risk Management

Risk management plans identify how the risks will be itemized, categorized and prioritized. This involves identifying risks that might occur during the execution of the project by making a risk register .

Perform qualitative risk analysis after the biggest risks have been identified and classified by likelihood and impact. Then prioritize them. Then perform quantitative analysis according to their impact on the project, such as its budget, schedule, etc.

Now you’ll need to plan risk responses . If those risks in fact become issues, then a response needs to have been written in advance, with an owner who can make sure the risk is properly identified and handled. Controlling risk involves regularly reviewing the risk register and crossing off those risks that are no longer going to impact the project.

9. Project Procurement Management

This project management knowledge area deals with outside procurement, which is part of most projects, such as hiring subcontractors. This will impact on the budget and schedule. Procurement management planning starts by identifying the outside needs of the project and how those contractors will be involved.

Now conduct those procurements by hiring the contractors, which includes a statement of work , terms of reference, request for proposals and choosing a vendor. You’ll want to control the procurement process by managing and monitoring, and then closing the contracts once the work has been done to everyone’s satisfaction.

10. Project Stakeholder Management

The stakeholders must be happy, as the project has been created for their needs. Therefore, they must be actively managed like any other part of the project. To start, identify the stakeholders through stakeholder analysis and find out what concerns they have. It’s not always easy, but it’s a crucial part of starting any project.

Now plan stakeholder management , which means listing each stakeholder and prioritizing their concerns and how they might impact the project. This will lead to managing stakeholders’ expectations to make sure their needs are met and that you’re in communication with them.

Throughout the project, you’ll want to control stakeholder engagement by determining if the stakeholders’ needs are being addressed. If not, figure out what changes need to be made to either satisfy those needs or adjust the expectations.

Project Management Knowledge Areas vs. Project Management Process Groups

Now that we have a better understanding of what the project management knowledge areas are, let’s explore the differences between them and other similar project management concepts.

We’ve discussed the project management knowledge areas and they’re related to the project management process groups , but they’re not the same thing. The project management knowledge areas are guidelines for the technical side of running a project.

The project management process groups, on the other hand, work with the project management knowledge areas to run the project. The project management process groups are the five main phases of a project: initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling and closing.

Project Management Knowledge Areas vs. Project Management Skills

Again, the project management knowledge areas are how the project is managed. They offer various methods to get work planned, managed, tracked, etc. Project management skills , like process groups, work together with the knowledge area. For example, many of the project management skills are technical, or hard, skills. These include those key knowledge area disciplines from planning to risk and everything in between.

But project management skills go beyond technical skills. These are called soft skills and include things such as being a good leader, having strong communication skills and facilitating collaboration. While these skills are often harder to teach, they’re no less important to the success of the project. Project managers need to be problem-solvers, manage their time wisely, be organized and have critical thinking skills or all the hard skills in the world won’t deliver a successful project.

ProjectManager Helps You Apply the Project Management Knowledge Areas

Project management knowledge areas need powerful tools to be implemented throughout the project’s life cycle. ProjectManager is award-winning project management software that has the features you need to plan, manage and track your project in real time. Our task management, risk management and resource management features give project managers and their teams the tools they need to deliver their projects on time and within budget.

Use Multiple Project Management Views

Every project has a diverse team working together for the same goals, but not necessarily using the same tools. When you’re applying all the project management knowledge areas, you need diversity. That’s why our software gives project managers robust online Gantt charts to plan and schedule their projects while teams can choose between task lists and kanban boards. Stakeholders, who don’t need to get into the weeds of the project, can view progress on calendars. All project views update simultaneously in real time so everyone is on the same page.

Monitor With Real-Time Project Tracking

The project management knowledge areas require monitoring and control to work. You can’t expect the executed project to align with the project plan; you need to review and revise as needed. That is why our software has a variety of tracking tools. You can get a high-level overview of the project with our real-time dashboard , which automatically tracks time, cost and more with easy-to-read graphs and charts. Also, there’s no time-consuming setup required as with other software. We also have secure timesheets to monitor your team’s progress on their tasks and a color-coded workload chart that makes it easy to balance workload and keep teams productive and working at capacity.

Create Project Reports in Minutes

Another tool to track progress and performance is our customizable reports . You can get more data than from the dashboard by generating a report in only a couple of keystrokes. Get reports on project or portfolio status, workload, timesheets, variance and much more. All reports can be filtered to focus on only what you want to see. Then they can be shared in a variety of formats to keep stakeholders informed.

Project management knowledge areas bring a project to life, but life can be chaotic and complex, which is why project managers need a tool to help manage all these moving parts of a project. ProjectManager is online project management software with real-time dashboards and Gantt charts to monitor the project accurately throughout its many phases. See how it can help you manage your projects by taking this free 30-day trial.

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The 10 Knowledge Areas & 49 Processes (PMBOK®, 6th ed.)

The PMI framework of project management consists of 49 processes which are categorized in 10 knowledge areas as set out in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®, 6 th edition). This is based on the philosophy that project management consists of a one-off and recurring processes for which the PMBOK describes common good practices.

When you are managing a project in line with the PMI methodology or when you are preparing for your CAPM or PMP certification exam, you will need to be familiar with these processes and knowledge areas.

This article provides you with an overview of the 10 knowledge areas and 49 processes in a nutshell (source: PMBOK®, 6 th ed.)

Overview of the PMBOK Knowledge Areas

Develop project charter, develop project management plan, direct and manage project work, manage project knowledge, monitor and control project work, perform integrated change control, close project or phase, plan scope management, collect requirements, define scope, validate scope, control scope, plan schedule management, define activities, sequence activities, estimate activity durations, develop schedule, control schedule, plan cost management, estimate costs, determine budget, control costs, plan quality management, manage quality, control quality, plan resource management, estimate activity resources, acquire resources, develop team, manage team, control resources, plan communications management, manage communications, monitor communications, plan risk management, identify risks, perform qualitative risk analysis, perform quantitative risk analysis, plan risk responses, implement risk responses, monitor risks, plan procurement management, conduct procurements, control procurements, identify stakeholders, plan stakeholder engagement, manage stakeholder engagement, monitor stakeholder engagement.

The following table contains the 10 knowledge areas and the 49 processes:

Read on to find a short description of each of these processes “in a nutshell”.

1) Project Integration Management

In this process, a project charter is developed that authorizes the project and links it with the strategic objectives of the organization.

Frequency: once or at specified points during the project

The content and goal of this process are defining, preparing and coordinating all plan components,

This process comprises leading and performing the work that was defined in the project management plan as well as implementing approved changes,

Frequency: ongoing

This process describes the use of existing and the creation of new pieces of knowledge in order to achieve the project objectives and support organizational learning.

In this process, the overall progress is tracked, reviewed and reported to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan.

The content of this process is reviewing all change requests, getting approval for changes, and managing changes to deliverables, documents and plans. This also includes the communication of those changes.

In the ‘close’ process, all activities of a project, a phase or a contract are finalized. This includes archiving project or phase information as well as releasing team resources

2) Project Scope Management

The goal of this process is to create a scope management plan that sets out the framework of the definition, validation and controlling of the project and product scope.

In this process, the determination, documentation, and management of stakeholder needs and requirements are performed in order to meet the project objectives. This process helps create the foundation of the project and product scope.

This process is about developing a detailed description of the project and product, incl. the result boundaries and acceptance criteria.

Frequency: n/a

Creating the work breakdown structure means breaking down project deliverables and project work into relatively small and manageable components.

This process formalizes the acceptance of the completed project deliverables. It sets out the objectivity and the procedure of acceptance of the final product based on the acceptance of each deliverable.

Frequency: when necessary

This process sets out the monitoring of the project status and product scope as well as the management of changes to the scope baseline . It also ensures that the scope baseline is accurately maintained and updated ongoing.

3) Project Schedule Management

This process contains the establishment of policies, procedures, and documentation of the project schedule management.

In this process, the actions needed to produce the project deliverables are identified and defined.

This process comprises the identification and documentation of the relationships among the project activities.

In this process, the durations to perform each activity are estimated.

When developing the project schedule , activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints are taken into consideration.

This process defines the monitoring of the project status in order to update the project schedule as well as the management of changes to the schedule baseline .

4) Project Cost Management

This process is about defining the approaches and procedures to estimate, budget, manage, monitor and control project costs.

In this process, an approximation of the cost of required resources is estimated.

Aggregation of the estimated cost of all activities and work packages which is the foundation of the authorized cost baseline.

This process is about monitoring, managing and updating actual and planned project costs as well as the cost baseline.

5) Project Quality Management

In this process, quality requirements and standards are identified. One of the outputs is the documentation of how they are maintained ongoing.

This process is the transformation of the quality management plan into individual activities that incorporate the quality requirements/standards into the project. Thus, it facilitates achieving the quality goals and identifying ineffective processes and causes of poor quality.

The content of this process is the monitoring and controlling of the results of quality management activities. This also includes verifying that project deliverables and the project work are in line with the requirements for final acceptance.

6) Project Resource Management

This process is about defining how the team and physical resources will be estimated, acquired, managed, and used during the project.

This process contains the estimation of the team headcount and physical resources that are needed to perform project work.

Frequency: recurring, when necessary

In this process, team members are hired and on-boarded and physical resources are acquired. This includes the selection of sources as well as the assignment of resources to specific activities.

This process aims to improve skills and competencies, interactions and the environment of project teams in order to enhance the overall project performance.

This process includes performance tracking, feedback, and management of changes and adjustments to the project team.

This process helps ensure that the physical resources are available and utilized as planned. This may also include corrective actions if required.

7) Project Communications Management

In this process, the approach and plan for project communications are developed. Thereby, stakeholders’ and the project’s information needs as well as available organizational assets are taken into account.

Manage communications is the ongoing process of ensuring timely and appropriate communication in order to facilitate an efficient and effective information flow between the project team and stakeholders.

This process makes sure that the information needs of the project and the stakeholders are met properly and timely.

8) Project Risk Management

This process comprises the planning of risk management activities for the project which includes tailoring of risk management considerations to the individual situation.

This process focuses on identifying and documenting individual risks as well as sources of overall project risks.

In the process of qualitative risk analysis, the probability and the potential impact of individual project risks are assessed, which is the basis for their prioritization.

This process consists of statistical analyses (e.g. Monte Carlo simulation) of identified individual project risks and other sources of ambiguity or uncertainty. This is typically not applied to small or less critical projects.

In this process, the ways to address overall and individual project risks are identified and assessed, incl. definition of activities as potential risk responses.

This process is conducted when risks require a response, i.e. the previously selected risk responses (activities) are implemented.

In this process, risk responses and identified risks are monitored and tracked. In addition, new risks are identified and assessed.

9) Project Procurement Management

Planning procurement management includes documenting the way project procurement decisions are made, specifying the approach and identifying potential sellers.

This process comprises selecting a seller and implementing the agreements and contracts for delivery.

In this process, procurement relationships are managed and contract performance is monitored. This may also extend to changes and corrections as well as closing out contracts.

10) Project Stakeholder Management

This process implies identifying stakeholders and their respective interests, involvement, power, and potential impact on the project.

This planning process is about developing how to involve stakeholders and how to interact effectively with them during the project.

The management of stakeholder engagement includes communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and expectations. The goal of this process is to ensure their support and reduce resistance from stakeholders.

This process describes the monitoring of relationships and the adjustment of strategies in order to engage stakeholders in an optimal way.

The 10 Key Project Management Knowledge Areas You Need to Know

Project management involves managing a project through several phases to achieve a desired outcome. The project management knowledge areas defined in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) guide provide an overview of the key components that make up effective project management. Understanding these 10 knowledge areas can help project managers develop the skills and processes needed for delivering successful projects on time and on budget.

In this comprehensive post, we will cover the 10 project management knowledge areas and delve deep into each one. Learning about these crucial knowledge areas will provide a solid understanding of project management best practices to manage various aspects of a project seamlessly from initiation to closure.

What are the 10 Knowledge Areas in Project Management?

The 10 knowledge areas represent the core disciplines that comprise project management standards and best practices. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), the 10 knowledge areas are:

Project Integration Management

Project scope management.

Project Schedule Management 

Project Cost Management

Project quality management, project resource management, project communications management, project risk management, project procurement management, project stakeholder management.

These 10 knowledge areas cover the full range of domains and processes required to successfully manage each phase of a project. They provide structured bodies of knowledge that project managers need to be competent in to boost the likelihood of delivering projects on time, within budget, and meeting requirements.

Let's explore each of the 10 knowledge areas in detail.

Project integration management is considered the most crucial project management knowledge area. It involves coordinating and combining all the various elements of a project to ensure the pieces seamlessly work together toward achieving the project objectives.

As the overarching knowledge area, project integration management establishes linkages across other knowledge areas. The Project Management Plan integrates all subsidiary plans from the other knowledge areas like scope, schedule, cost, quality, resources, communications, risks, procurements, and stakeholders.

Some key activities that fall under project integration management include:

Developing the project charter to formally authorize and initiate a project. The charter documents early requirements, assumptions, constraints, stakeholders, and other information to establish the project.

Preparing the project management plan to define the various processes and sub-plans for how the project will be executed, monitored, controlled, and closed. This central document integrates planning across other knowledge areas.

Directing and managing project work to execute the tasks, activities, and deliverables described in the project plan. This ensures that project work is being conducted properly according to the plans.

Monitoring and controlling project work through ongoing oversight and corrective actions as needed. This entails status reporting, analytics, change control, and more to track project progress.

Developing an overall change management process to assess, approve, and incorporate changes in an organized manner. This helps avoid scope creep.

Closing the project, completing all activities, and conducting post-implementation review. This formal project closure provides lessons learned for future projects.

The integration management processes help consolidate all key project information into cohesive plans. This oversight enables the project manager to successfully guide project execution and achievement of overall objectives. Having robust integration management ensures that all components of a project coordinate properly from initiation through closure.

Project scope management involves clearly defining all the work and deliverables required to successfully complete the project. It focuses on ensuring that the project includes all the required work, and only the required work, needed to produce the final project deliverables and meet objectives.

The key processes in project scope management include:

Planning the project scope to define and document key deliverables, assumptions, constraints, exclusions, and work requirements. This scope planning helps create a detailed scope statement.

Defining the scope by breaking down deliverables into smaller, more manageable chunks of work and requirements. This detailed scope definition enhances understanding.

Creating a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) as a deliverable-oriented decomposition of project work into smaller components. The WBS defines the total scope of work.

Validating the scope to confirm completion and formal acceptance of project deliverables as they are completed. This validation reduces risk.

Controlling the scope using change control processes to manage changes to project scope. Scope control minimizes scope creep.

Effective scope management is critical for completing projects successfully within the defined scope. It provides clear understanding and management of project scope from initial planning through completion. Well-defined project scope sets expectations and priorities for project work.

Project Schedule Management

Project schedule management covers the processes and tools needed to manage project timelines from start to finish. The key aspects of schedule management include:

Defining project activities along with the sequence and duration estimates for each activity. Detailed activities should include measurable and observable work.

Developing the project schedule by analyzing activity sequences, resource requirements, and duration estimates to create an approved project timeline.

Controlling the schedule through continuous monitoring of status and progress. This helps identify delays and implement schedule changes as needed.

Managing schedule data and schedule baselines for performance measurement and project control.

Ensuring timely completion of project deliverables as planned through schedule control processes. This helps improve customer satisfaction.

A robust schedule management process provides a detailed roadmap for project execution. Following the planned schedule enables optimization of time utilization and completion of work sequences as planned. Effective schedule management is key for on-time delivery of projects.

Project cost management involves planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing, and controlling project costs. Accurate cost management ensures that projects are completed within the approved budget and avoid cost overruns.

Key processes in project cost management include:

Developing cost estimates for project activities and resources using historical data and expert judgment. Estimating provides the foundation for budgeting.

Determining the project budget based on the estimates through analytical processes. Budgeting allocates cost estimates to specific work items.

Financing, funding, and managing project costs including the optimal mix of funding sources and timing of funds.

Controlling and monitoring project costs by measuring project performance against the approved budget. This helps minimize variances.

Performing earned value management to assess project progress and performance metrics based on the budget. This identifies potential cost issues.

Managing project reserves including contingencies to account for known risks and unknowns. Reserves help cope with uncertainty.

Accurate cost estimating provides the baseline for good project budgeting and control. From planning to execution, diligent tracking and control of project costs enables projects to meet business case projections and prevent financial losses for organizations.

Project quality management includes the processes focused on satisfying project requirements and achieving high quality standards. Meeting quality standards ensures that project deliverables are fit-for-purpose and align with organizational goals as well as customer needs.

Key activities in project quality management include:

Planning quality standards for the project and deliverables based on business objectives and client expectations. This defines acceptable quality levels.

Performing quality assurance through planned audits, process analysis, and quality improvement to proactively identify and avoid issues.

Executing quality control by monitoring specific project results and outputs to determine if they meet standards. This identifies causes of unsatisfactory results.

Continual process improvement to prevent future defects and enhance quality processes. Lessons learned help improve standards.

Quality standards should be defined at the start of projects based on client needs. Rigorous and consistent quality management processes then help achieve optimal project outcomes that align with these standards.

Project resource management covers planning, estimating, obtaining, allocating, developing, managing and optimizing the physical and human resources required for successful project completion. Key aspects include:

Identifying and quantifying the specific types and quantities of resources, such as staff, facilities, equipment, and materials needed to perform project work.

Planning resource utilization to assign resources in an optimal manner and resolve competing demands. Resource planning matches requirements to availability.

Acquiring, managing and developing project teams, including assigning roles, responsibilities, reporting hierarchy, and staff training needs.

Establishing staffing management plans, team dynamics processes, recognition programs, and issue resolution steps. This helps manage teams.

Controlling resources per the plan, adjusting as needed through resource optimization techniques. Resource control ensures proper allocation.

Effective resource planning and management ensures that the right resources with the right skills are available when needed. This directly affects productivity, quality, schedule, and costs for projects. Resource management is vital for project success.

Project communications management involves the processes for ensuring timely and appropriate planning, collection, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, monitoring, and control of project information.

Some key aspects of communications management include:

Planning project communications by determining the information needs of each stakeholder at different stages. A communications matrix can help map needs.

Managing communications through optimal information creation, distribution, storage, and disposition based on the communications plan.

Monitoring project communications continuously to verify that stakeholder needs are being met adequately as the project evolves.

Using performance reporting to synthesize and distribute key project information to stakeholders. Reporting controls communications.

Establishing escalation processes for resolving communications issues and disputes as they arise.

Clear and effective communications management ensures engagement, collaboration, and timely information exchange across the project team and stakeholders. It improves understanding of project objectives leading to greater stakeholder support.

Project risk management involves planning for potential problems that could negatively impact the project. It provides processes to identify, analyze, mitigate, and monitor project risks.

Key processes involved in risk management include:

Identifying project risks continuously through brainstorming, checklists, lessons learned, and other techniques. A risk register is created.

Performing qualitative and quantitative risk analysis to assess likelihood, impact, and other metrics to prioritize risks for response planning.

Planning risk responses for high priority risks to define mitigation actions, owners, and tactics to address threats or opportunities.

Implementing the risk response plans as needed when trigger conditions are met. Secondary risks may arise from mitigation methods.

Monitoring project risks throughout the project lifecycle through risk audits, reviews, analysis, and response plan updates.

Tracking identified risks until closure to ensure they are managed or mitigated as planned.

Proactively identifying and managing uncertainties through risk management enables informed decision-making. This helps minimize potential threats and maximize opportunities for overall project success.

Project procurement management deals with acquiring goods and services from outside the performing organization as needed for successful project completion. This may include outsourcing work to contractors and vendors.

Typical procurement processes include:

Planning project purchases and contracting including determining what to acquire and the procurement approach. Requirements documentation helps plan.

Conducting procurements using techniques like competitive bids to award contracts to qualified vendors and finalize pricing.

Administering contracts by monitoring vendor compliance, managing changes, and resolving disputes per contract terms.

Closing contracts including documentation of acceptance and lessons learned. Record retention provides evidence of purchases.

Solid procurement planning and execution helps obtain necessary, high-quality products or services from vendors in a timely and cost-effective manner. Diligent contracting processes reduce procurement risks and enhance project outcomes.

Project stakeholder management emphasizes identifying stakeholders impacted by the project and meeting their needs and expectations throughout the project lifecycle. Major processes include:

Identifying all project stakeholders including those impacted by or who can impact the project. This uses various investigative techniques.

Categorizing stakeholders by their level of involvement, interests, influence, needs, and expectations from the project.

Analyzing stakeholder needs, interests, and potential impact to understand key stakeholder concerns and power to resist.

Planning stakeholder engagement approaches including communications channels, frequency, and content tailored to each stakeholder group.

Managing ongoing stakeholder engagement through planned communications, issue resolution, and relationship management.

Monitoring stakeholder relationships and adjusting plans as needed to keep stakeholders supportive of the project.

Proactive stakeholder management enables anticipating stakeholder needs early. Meeting expectations and resolving issues helps gain continued buy-in and manage resistance. This leads to more successful projects.

How Do Knowledge Areas Relate to Project Process Groups?

While knowledge areas identify the key components of project management, process groups determine when each component occurs over the project lifecycle. The five project management process groups are:

Initiating - Activities performed to launch a new project including developing the business case, project charter, and identifying key stakeholders.

Planning - Defining the project scope, schedules, costs, resources, risks, communications, procurements and other aspects to create an approved project management plan.

Executing - Performing the work required to produce the project deliverables and meet project objectives.

Monitoring & Controlling - Overseeing project work to meet plans, identify variances, and take corrective action when required.

Closing - Formal acceptance and closure of the project, contracts, documentation, lessons learned, and transition to operations.

Project managers leverage knowledge areas and process groups in tandem throughout the project lifecycle. Work from one knowledge area often spans multiple process groups. For instance, procurement planning happens in the Planning phase while contract administration occurs during Execution.

Integrating the domains of the knowledge areas with the project timeline defined through process groups enables project managers to deliver projects successfully.

Why are Knowledge Areas Important for Project Managers?

There are several key reasons why thoroughly understanding PMBOK knowledge areas is crucial for project managers:

They provide standardized terminology and framework to define project management concepts consistently.

Knowledge areas break down the distinct components that project managers must be competent in to manage projects well.

Mastering these bodies of knowledge equips project managers with the comprehensive expertise needed to deliver projects successfully.

Knowledge of the 10 knowledge areas is assessed in the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification exam. 

Applying best practices from the knowledge areas boosts efficiency in planning and managing projects.

In summary, knowledge areas help project managers gain a complete picture of the processes, tools, and deliverables needed to effectively apply project management principles on the job. Leveraging these knowledge areas improves project planning, execution, monitoring, control, and closure across diverse types of projects.

Conclusion and Summary of the 10 Project Management Knowledge Areas

Here is a high-level recap of the 10 fundamental project management knowledge areas:

Project Integration Management – Coordinating and combining all project elements to achieve objectives

Project Scope Management – Defining and managing project work and deliverables 

Project Schedule Management – Developing and managing the project timeline

Project Cost Management – Planning and controlling the budget and costs

Project Quality Management – Ensuring projects meet quality standards

Project Resource Management – Optimizing and managing resources

Project Communications Management – Ensuring effective communications

Project Risk Management – Identifying and responding to project risks

Project Procurement Management – Acquiring products or services externally

Project Stakeholder Management – Engaging and managing stakeholders

Together, these 10 knowledge areas provide an all-encompassing set of project management disciplines that are essential for anyone leading a project. They underpin a structured approach to managing projects successfully. Project managers should seek to develop expertise across all knowledge areas to enhance their performance and boost project success rates.

The PMBOK guide and knowledge areas offer an excellent foundation for understanding project management comprehensively. Mastering these standard knowledge areas and exercising their application through the process groups will elevate your project management skills markedly. With demonstrated command of these knowledge areas, project managers can confidently drive projects to successful outcomes while avoiding common pitfalls.

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  Out of the possible project management knowledge areas, I consider the Project Scope Management and the Project Time Management as crucial. The latter includes every procedure and process related to the completion of the project at the right time.  There are numerous processes incorporated with both management and the proper managing skills of time. Initially, an activity definition entails defining of activities involved and their expected timeframe by the project manager. In this case, it is likely for activities overlap each other, hence activity sequencing requires the project manager to plan appropriate project details in a way that can facilitate the project to progress with a lot of efficiency as much as possible. Therefore, the project manager has to assess the available supply in order to complete the work as scheduled. On the contrary, whenever there is poor time management, miscommunications and delays can occur during project development. Project Time Management is very sensitive because it can affect planning and the entire project progress.

  On the other hand, Project Scope Management comprises of Scope Planning. Normally, the scope of a project defines how a project is created, confirmed, and controlled. The project manager is responsible for establishing a thorough report of the project for the introduction of the assignment at hand. In addition, this area requires the project deliverables to be divided into smaller segments for group members to handle. Consequently, the project manager needs to control changes created for the entire project scope. It is very important to maintain a Project Scope in order to have an accurate project growth and continuity. The scope includes necessary things to the project because extra activities can burden the project, taking unnecessary time. These preparations strengthen the scope of project management as well as add more stability to the schedule of the project.

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  Knowledge Areas Of Project Management

  Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

  Disclaimer: This essay has been written and submitted by students and is not an example of our work. Please click this link to view samples of our professional work witten by our professional essay writers . Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of EssayCompany.

  This explanation about how the project manager should develop. A project should be developed by the PMBOK. There are nine knowledges area available. Some important is time, cost, scope when we are doing the project first we should consider about the project time, cost, and scope if we considered our project will be completed. The scope plan will be doing our project perfectly, time plan will decide our duration of the project and cost plan will be helping us to estimate of the project. I have given tow failed projects and I have explained about it below.

  With the goal of decreasing travel times between the UK’s major cities, in the 1970′s the then publicly owned British Rail undertook the development of the Advanced Passenger Train (APT).

  Lack of quality control (testing of the prototype was very limited). Scope plan is not good (Continual changes to the design.) time plan is not perfect Failure to manage public expectations (glitches are to be expected in a prototype but British Rail failed to adequately manage the expectations of the press or the public). Pushing a product into full service before quality issues were fully resolved, thereby resulting in the product being ridiculed. Failure to right itself after the bend and major mechanical failures. Scope, Time, Cost, and Quality those areas can be covered successful if the follow the nine knowledge areas.

  London Ambulance Service Case studies London Ambulance Service (LAS) is a world’s largest ambulance service covering an area of just over 600 square miles and a population of around 7 million people (though the daytime population is much larger due to the influx of commuters)

  The system was often failing to eliminate duplicate calls. The tracking of ambulance status did not work well either they haven’t done their scope perfectly. And this system did not work as well as hoped and crews became confused about what to do they haven’t taken more time to do their project that’s why heir system did not work properly they have to fix their time plan cost plan and the scope plan its must for a project we should consider about this when we are going t a project.

  I have selected AIRPICO SUPERMARKET organization in that organization I have chosen tow projects one is E-Commeress website project another one is IT security project. And this AIRPICO has some strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats. By the SOFT analysis project will be depend on nine knowledges area. In that tow project I have to select which project is going to be successful finish and what will be the reasons with strong justification.

  Every item we can buy at one place and its easy to purchase for the customer.

  AIRPICO employees are more so that is going to help to the customers.

  They have more Caesar so customer doesn’t want to wait

  They have layered their product separate by separate

  AIRPICO supermarket as more than three flat but they don't have a lift facility for all branches

  Some item prices are not happy with customers.

  They don’t have delivery facilities.

  They are not giving importance to the Vehicle parking system.

  Opportunities

  They can bring IT security system in their building.

  By developing the e-commerce website they can sell more product and customer will increases.

  They can implement new branch where they haven’t branched.

  They can arrange an parking facility for the AIRPICO customers only.

  They are products prices will be increased if the government rules are changed.

  AIRPICO competitors are keels supermarket,food city,laughs

  They haven't had IT security system so maybe they can lose their items.

  I have identified tow IT projects for this AIRPICO these are going to be done by the SWOT analysis system

  E-Commerce website for AIRPICO online selling product

  IT online security system

  Suitability of E-Commerce website

  This AIRPICO E-Commerce website project mostly going to be a customer satisfaction project. This AIRPICO website should be design in a good way and its more user friendly and free delivery system can be added to this website that’s depend on far. Local customers and foreign customer also by using this website they can be purchased items in Sri Lanka where ever they are.

  Can be done lots of things by implementing this E-Commerce website:-

  The customer can login AIRPICO website and we can get to know about our strength.

  The customer will increases because it's going be an easy way to purchase items and some items are going can be free delivered.

  Foreign customer can also buy an item with their credit card and VISA cards.

  Customers no need to come from far and buy things they can order it from their house.

  When the customers purchase an item they can get it in a few hours/min/days then Customer time and our time can be saved.

  AIRPICO only can be a more customer and more friendly type organization in all of the srilankan supermarket and they are only can be get more customer.

  Suitability of IT online security system

  IT security project can be help for more time AIRPICO manager or assistant manager can see what there are happening inside the AIRPICO where ever they are . Then staffs are working or not ad there is a special thing IT security system. ISS mean fixing the network camera inside the AIRPICO building. If we fixed the network camera we can be safety with our product and no need more staff only relevant staffs can manage with the customers and the big problem will slot from thieves we can catch them by this camera.

  In this IT security system can make you supermarket safely .

  Financial and non-financial techniques for selected project

  Financial techniques for e-commerce website project.

  NPV and ROI calculation

  Discount rate

  Assume the project is done about 1 year, discount factor, discounted costs, discounted benefits, discounted benefits - costs, cumulative benefits - costs, npv 2335800, payback in 2years, assumptions, project costs.

  Devolopers and employee

  Software and hardware

  Other service

  Total costs

  Project Benefits

  Benefits from online purchaseing

  Benefits form whole sale

  Benefits from new customer

  Good repatation

  Total annual project benefits

  Financial techniques for IT security system

  Hardware cost

  Networking cost

  Implementation cost

  Employee saving

  Employee obzavation

  Profits from security

  Non- Financial Technique for both projects

  Weighted Scoring Model

  E-Commercwebsite project

  It security system.

  Enhances new product development

  Supports key business objective

  Has strong customer support

  Has good NPV

  Project Scores

  Suitable project for airpico supermarket, important project principal.

  Our E-Commrese website project system should depend by some important principles. There re tree important principals available project should be done by these rules.

  Triple constraint

  Project management life cycle.

  Project knowledge areas

  Scope, time, cost is the triple constraint to build a new successful project in project management and there is some other project principal need to be managed in this E-commress Website project website system. This project will be started by this triple constraint.

  Scope of project

  We have to start our E-commerce website project with this scope constraint. Scope is going to be decide our project how it should be done. And our project valve is under this scope plan.

  Cost of project

  A project must have a limited budget. Our E-commerce website project cost going to decide our organization profit after finished the money payback time. And we must start the project with a better cost plan Or the company will be down end of some years . I have planed the E-commerce website project cost in task two financial projects and non-financial project.

  Time of project

  Time duration must be planned before starting the project. For this E-commerce website project we have to plan when the playback time will come and when the company can finish their project. we shut have the estimate time of each every project in that time we should finish our work on time. Or the company given duration will be passed and we cannot finish our project on time.

  Its depend on the project it will get some changes and how to manage an organization project. The important life cycle method is given below.

  Create a financial plan

  AIRPICO E-Commerce Website financial plan is created to identify the total quantity of money required to undertaken other words, the budget. The total cost of employees, equipment and materials is calculated and an expense schedule is defined which enables the project manager to measure the forecast spend versus the actual spend throughout the project. Detailed financial planning is an extremely important activity within the project, as the customer will expect the final solution to have been delivered within the allocated budget.

  Create a quality plan

  Meeting the quality expectations of the customer can be a challenging task. To ensure that the quality expectations are clearly defined and can reasonably be achieved, a quality plan is documented.

  Create a risk plan

  We should consider about project risks within a risk plan. This plan also identifies the actions required to prevent each risk from occurring, as well as reduce the impact of the risk should it eventuate. Developing a clear risk plan is an important activity within the planning phase, as it is necessary to mitigate all critical project risks prior to entering the execution phase of the project.

  Project Knowledge areas

  Analyse the project requirements and the project knowledge areas  in AIRPICO E-Commerce System ways Project Integration area works together in these projects. The scope as well as confirmed the project requirements are included. And confirm the project is completed by the given schedule. Control the project given budget it cannot be run out of the budget. Confirm the project expected requirements are included in the quality officially. Check the every evens are done by the team with happiness. We have to maintain the communication what they are doing which information needed to them. Maintain the risks and control the risks. Procurement Management has to complete the project. As well as acquiring the materials and services needed to complete.

  Identify the project team

  Project manager

  Project coordinator

  Marketing analyzer

  Financial analyzer

  PHP developer

  Data base administrator

  4.2 Justification

  For my E-commerce website IT project I have selected the flat Functional organization chart because the project consists only a few technical people in work therefore I think this flat organization chart will more suitable for this system.

  This organization chart consists nine people one is a project manager who is assigned with the fall assignment then under that project manager a project coordinator has been assigned to help project manager holder these tow people, Developers,QA leader, who is most important to the organization.Under this QA leader data base administrator are working. This will do the project in an ideal manageable.

  Project organization chart

  PROJECT MANAGER

  PROJECT COORDINATOR

  FINANCIAL ANALYSISER

  PHP DEVELOPER

  MARKETING MANAGER

  Roles and responsibilities

  I have assigned the team each category because a person can't control the whole company problem. That’s why I have separated them by some teams. And each team has a manager if there are any problem happend who are working under a manager they should complain to project coordinator they cant talk to the project manager directly.

  Date Base Administator

  The Project Manager is the person responsible for ensuring that the Project Team completes the project. The Project Manager develops the Project Plan with the team and manages the team’s performance of project tasks. It is also the responsibility of the Project Manager to secure acceptance and approval of deliverables from the Project Sponsor and Stakeholders. The Project Manager is responsible for communication, including status reporting, risk management, escalation of issues that cannot be resolved in the team, and, in general, making sure the project is delivered in budget, on schedule, and within scope.

  As the job title suggests, a project coordinator is responsible for coordinating all aspects of a technical project, frequently working with more than one department within the company. The exact work a project coordinator does will depend greatly on the project, but the position includes a few key job duties.

  Marketing Analasizer

  Develop pricing strategies, balancing firm objectives and customer satisfaction. Identify, develop, and evaluate marketing strategy, based on knowledge of establishment objectives, market characteristics, and cost and markup factors. Evaluate the financial aspects of product development, such as budgets, expenditures, research and development appropriations, and return-on-investment and profit-loss projections. Formulate, direct and coordinate marketing activities and policies to promote products and services, working with advertising and promotion managers. Direct the hiring, training, and performance evaluations of marketing and sales staff and oversee their daily activities.

  Analyzing trends in revenues and expenses.Preparing spreadsheets, graphs, and charts to help illustrate financial trends. Presenting financial information to managers. Performing revenue and expense forecasts in order to make financial decisions. Creating and reviewing financial records. Preparing budgets.

  The web developer (programmer) builds the functionality of the website. Server-side scripting (PHP, Python, Ruby, ASP.NET, or compiled languages like C++ or Java). The web developer may also build HTML/CSS page templates or may coordinate with the web designer for this task. In our project fully we can be used PHP.

  Responsible for management of all Quality Assurance functions include planning, strategy, testing execution and tools.Works with the Project Manager and other technical leaders to establish timetables and agree on a Quality Assurance plan for E-commerce website implementation. Ensure that QA process is documented and communicated and adequate to ensure agreed quality levels for the application.

  Work Breakdown Structure

  Project management

  Selecting project

  Prepare project

  Initiation completed

  Arrang Kick of meeting

  Prepare cost estimation

  Completed the budget

  Prepare gang charts

  Prepare WBS

  Assuming resource

  Planing completed

  Requirement gathering

  Architectural design

  3.2.1 PHP development

  3.2.2 GUI Development

  Back end software

  3.3.1 Date base implementation

  3.3.2 Middle World Development

  3.3.3 Security subsystem

  3.3.4 Transaction processing

  Create front end

  Integrate front end and back end

  Develop an online payment method

  Executing completed

  Adding product

  4.1.1 Product description

  4.1.2 Product image

  Shipment details

  Use legal agreement

  Contest completed

  Interactive elements

  5.3.1 User registration

  5.3.2 User payment method

  Browser compatibility

  Testing completed

  Maintenance

  Employee training

  Costing agreement

  Launch website

  Prioritized risk lists

  Project team members leaving the project

  Lack of maintenance on existing web pages 

  Power failure

  High shipping costs required for the distribution Security issue

  Project cost over the budget

  Bugs in website

  Risk of improperly integrating e-commerce system with internal operational processes

  Infecting web site with computer viruses

  Analyzing the risk using probability / impact matrix

  Probability

  Prioritized Risk List

  Prepared by :- ragul, potential risks, response strategy.

  Get an agreement for each employer they must work until the project completed, explain the project perfectly scope to the employers to make it perfectly.

  Make sure the website coding is correct after every work.

  Maintainers must watch the coding errors and they must fix it before launch, flexibility to customers, before is he projecting we must consider about the budget and the stakeholders must be communicating with each other.

  Before going to launch the website or do the project we must check the computer virus, and we can use any other OS or security guard.

  We can have a generator only or urgent use.

  Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)

  Prepare project charter

  Arrange Kick for the meeting

  Project manager - PM

  Project coordinator - PC

  Developer - DVP

  QA leader - QA

  PHP developer - PHP

  Database administrator - DBS

  Marketing analyzer - MA

  Financial analyzer - FA

  Resource Histogram

  Activity- on- node diagram chart, description, predecessors.

  PHP development

  GUI Development

  Date base implementation

  Middle World Development

  Security subsystem

  Transaction processing

  Product description

  Product image

  Communication plan

  Stakeholders, document name, document format, contact person, objective of communication.

  Project plans

  Hard copy and soft copy

  To know about the project level

  Prepare the gandchart and control hey project

  Concern to the project and employee

  Developing the project

  Developing the project with a good scope

  Check the project quality and how should be the project quality

  Soft copy ad hard copy

  Maintain the project quality

  Develop the website and updating the website

  Get the idea about the website and do the website without any errors.

  Database Administrator

  Check code errors

  Control the project and maintain the codings

  Hard copy ans soft copy

  Get information about the project

  Get the information about the project plan

  I have to move the project in the best performing by giving some measurement performance. And each employee must know about this project scope to get the best performance. Responsibility to ensure that project performance is being captured and reported. It is also your responsibility to ensure that employees are performing well and the level of reporting is achievable and doesn’t unnecessarily overburden or distract the project managers.

  Observation

  In this AIRPICO E-Commerce Website system we should take the control of our role in projects and our management relationship must be positive and achieve the project. We always must be self-awareness in our each task. And our effectively must beater then other companies projects. And we have to check is there are problem between the employees. Employees should be happy in works time because they should finish the project with a good performance as well as a good team.

  Set meeting

  By arranging a grope meeting employees can be tell their problems and that problem will soled by an another employer and they can share their ideas and get some new feature if they found in the project working time and they can get the feedback about that future and if is it beater that before they can have a new feature in their projects. Its help them to do they task together and they can performance with other employees ideas and support.

  Develop communication and presentation skills

  While developing this communication they can work together and performance fast. Wherever the employees they can contact each employees by the communication plan such as SKYPE, CHARTTING like that they can contact and sole their problem or dodos. As well as if there are any personal mater about this project they can talk personally. And it also helps them to give a good performance to the project as well the project team can be work together.

  Maybe our AIRPICO E-Commerce Website project can be unavoidable feature will come. We should control the changes in our project in working time maybe the unavoidable feature will move our project much beater or it will get down our project. So we should consider or control the unavoidable features. Some employees are not comfortable with this unavoidable feature. And some of them are happy to do that. So regarding to the unavoidable feature we should control or consider about that.

  Unavoidable feature observation

  In this unavoidable feature observation we must control the changes of the projects why it’s changed what was the problem. If the change is continuity what will happen. If any employer ask to change the project ideas and plans Why is important and what are the new advance feature we can make by doing the changes. If the changes can give good feature we can work with that change. And we should discuss about the each project changes with employees and manager and financial. Maybe the budget will increase. So we should consider about the all of the task and plans because defiantly it will get change.

  Some suitable methods to handle the changes

  Suggesting box.

  By doing this suggesting box method employees can put their Likes and dislikes about the changes and we can get to know about the employees ideas. And we can fix the problem so solve the problems.

  Personal communications.

  If an employer got any problem in the project he can tell to the company personally and the company manager or coordinator can fix his problem and he can move the work without stopping the projects.

  Arranging meetings

  Meetings can be give some extra feature for this project. maybe some of the employees can be think to make the project much beater so they can talk in the meeting and discuss to other employees and to the managers and get some ideas from the employees and the manager. Is it a good unavoidable feature the can gesture that.

  Outcome of the project

  I have E-commerce website for this AIRPICO system. We can get the good repetition from customers and it not depends on branches we can buy where ever we are. Especially this E-commerce website made for who are unable to come directly to the ARIPICO and who are living in far. It can be good feature technology and it will give good feedback from the customer. And we can sale more products in this E-Commerce website plan. And each customer can have a user ID and PASSWOLD it will help to get the customer detail.

  As well as we can get more profit by doing this as a local service. And we have doing this too foreign customer also. By this foreign customer service we can have different price type such as Dollar, Pounds and our profit will be more the local customers. And we are free delivering the item but some of quality item are not recommended free shipping. Public will like to buy the products by using this E-Commerce, and we can get to know about the each products how is it and if there are any problem with a product we can change it. And the food items also included in the delivery system. Because day to day life customers can get the items when the request from the website. The AIRPICO can be respect to the customers.

  Identified Issues

  The maintenance part is a most important for this website development and we should maintains the stoke details. And if there are and item price changed we should update the also so we should maintain the website and the big issue is security because we are doing the online perching and it will must depend on the debit card or VISA card or credit cade. We should maintain the security part also. and we can have agreement for card security system to the customer.

  Sometime the network errors also can behave such as server’s errors and the network speed is not good in srilanka sometime it will also happen. So we have to maintain the all part of the project at least every week but website maintains part should happen every day or dopant on time.

  

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