books on critical thinking and reasoning pdf

Logical Reasoning

Bradley H. Dowden, California State University Sacramento

Copyright Year: 2017

Publisher: Bradley H. Dowden

Language: English

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Reviewed by Matt Carlson, Assistant Professor, Wabash College on 8/6/19

This book takes a "kitchen sink" approach to the material that might be taught in a standard critical thinking course. There is far more material here than could be taught in one semester. The good news, though, is that the chapters are, for the... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less

This book takes a "kitchen sink" approach to the material that might be taught in a standard critical thinking course. There is far more material here than could be taught in one semester. The good news, though, is that the chapters are, for the most part, independent of one another, so the book could be used in a relatively modular way.

Content Accuracy rating: 4

Generally good, but I found the use of 'logic' and its cognates to be a little confusing at times. If anything, this book is really about applied epistemology more than logic. That by itself isn't a criticism; it should just be called what it is. But this does introduce some problems in the sections more specifically about logic. The definition of deductive validity and implication, for example, are given in terms of certainty. The author warns against interpreting 'certainty' psychologically, but gives no clue as how to how it might be meant in a logical sense. It follows from this definition that it is possible to have P,Q such that Q "follows from P with certainty" but Q is not certain. I know what is meant by this because I already have background in logic, but I think students will be confused.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 4

A bit of a mixed bag here. I really liked the added section on "Fake News and Misinformation". I haven't seen that in a critical thinking book before, and I thought it was a valuable addition that was clearly informed by current research. I would have appreciated more guidance as to how to judge whether a source is reliable. Of course this is a hard problem (see Goldman's classic "Experts" paper), but the book just gave us a short list of reliable sources. Surely critical thinkers will ask: "But why are *those* sources reliable?"

Clarity rating: 3

The book is generally readable. But it introduces many, many distinctions and new pieces of terminology. Almost all of them are briefly explained when they are introduced, but the sheer number of terms and distinctions is difficult to keep track of. I found this to be a problem in the exercises in particular. Many of the exercises require students to employ the fine distinctions given in the text, but they haven't really been given much guidance (typically, just one example per term is given) as to how to apply those distinctions. As these are a little idiosyncratic in places, I admit that I sometimes had a hard time discerning what the intended "right answer" was supposed to be.

Consistency rating: 4

The book is generally consistent, or at least as consistent as it can be given the "kitchen-sink" approach to content that it employs.

Modularity rating: 5

See above remarks. One virtue of this text is its modularity.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4

Generally good, though I found it a little strange that topics in logic (e.g. deductive validity) were briefly introduced early on, and then discussed in much more detail only in later chapters.

Interface rating: 5

Generally good.

Grammatical Errors rating: 4

Cultural Relevance rating: 5

I appreciated the wide variety of examples given.

As I said above, I think 'logical' in the title, "Logical Reasoning" is a misnomer. This is, for the most part, a book in applied epistemology and philosophy of science. And I think it generally does well in those areas. If one wants a book in logic, there are better open access choices; specifically works in the Open Logic Project, which I cannot recommend highly enough.

On an unrelated note, I found the sections on inductive reasoning somewhat confusing. I'm not sure how helpful it is to discuss inductive/statistical reasoning without requiring the student to do any mathematics. I suppose it is helpful for the student to be aware of pitfalls in statistical reasoning---and the book is helpful here---but students reading this book would have a hard time applying what that they learned about e.g. statistical significance to new cases, I think.

Table of Contents

• Chapter 1 How to Reason Logically
• Chapter 2 Claims, Issues, and Arguments
• Chapter 3 Writing with the Appropriate Precision
• Chapter 4 How to Evaluate Information and Judge Credibility
• Chapter 5 Obstacles to Better Communication
• Chapter 6 Writing to Convince Others
• Chapter 7 Defending Against Deception
• Chapter 8 Detecting Fallacies
• Chapter 9 Consistency and Inconsistency
• Chapter 10 Deductive Reasoning
• Chapter 11 Logical Form and Sentential Logic
• Chapter 12 Aristotelian Logic and Venn-Euler Diagrams
• Chapter 13 Inductive Reasoning
• Chapter 14 Reasoning about Causes and Their Effects
• Chapter 15 Scientific Reasoning

Ancillary Material

About the book.

The goal of this book is to improve your logical-reasoning skills. These skills are also called "critical thinking skills." They are a complex weave of abilities that help you get someone's point, generate reasons for your own point, evaluate the reasons given by others, decide what or what not to do, decide what information to accept or reject, explain a complicated idea, apply conscious quality control as you think, and resist propaganda. Your most important critical thinking skill is your skill at making judgments─not snap judgments that occur in the blink of an eye, but those that require careful reasoning.

This book is also available as an adaptable Word file .

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The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning

Department of Psychology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, USA

Robert G. Morrison, Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL

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Thinking and reasoning, long the academic province of philosophy, have emerged over the past century as core topics of empirical investigation and theoretical analysis in the modern fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience. Formerly seen as too complicated and amorphous to be included in early textbooks on the science of cognition, the study of thinking and reasoning has since taken off, branching off in a distinct direction from the field from which it originated. This comprehensive publication covers all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual articles summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. The authors provide introductions to foundational issues and methods of study in the field, as well as treatment of specific types of thinking and reasoning and their application in a broad range of fields including business, education, law, medicine, music, and science.

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Table of contents, part 1: theories of critical thinking, part 2: development and learning, part 3: curriculum and instruction, part 4: assessment, share link with colleague or librarian, product details.

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Critical thinking : an introduction to analytical reading and reasoning

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Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Thinking Skills Thinking Skills Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Second edition

This lively coursebook encourages students to develop more sophisticated and mature thinking processes by learning specii c, transferable skills independent of subject content which assist conn dent engagement in argument and reasoning. As well as giving a thorough grounding in critical thinking and problem solving, the book discusses how to analyse and evaluate arguments, manipulate numerical and graphical information and develop a range of skills including data handling, logic and reasoning. The second edition of the book has been substantially updated with new and revised content throughout. The only endorsed coursebook offering complete coverage of the Cambridge AS and A Level Thinking Skills syllabus, this resource also contains extensive extra material to cover a wide range of related awards. Features include: • clearly focused and differentiated critical thinking and problem solving units that provide complete coverage of the Thinking Skills syllabus and beyond • a range of stimulating student activities with commentaries to develop analytical skills • summary of key concepts at the end of each chapter to review learning • end-of-chapter assignments to reinforce knowledge and skills, with answers at the back for self-assessment • a mapping grid to demonstrate the applicability of each unit to awards including Critical Thinking, BMAT and TSA. Thinking Skills is written by two experienced examiners, who have produced a lively and accessible text which all students of Thinking Skills will nd invaluable. Visit education.cambridge.org/cie for information on our full range of Cambridge International A Level titles including e-book versions and mobile apps.

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Critical Reasoning and Writing (Levin et al.)

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A Practical Guide to Critical Thinking: Essential Steps for Developing Sound Reasoning and Arguments while Overcoming Hindrances to Rational Thinking Kindle Edition

• Print length 42 pages
• Language English
• Sticky notes On Kindle Scribe
• Publication date April 8, 2016
• File size 785 KB
• Page Flip Enabled
• Word Wise Enabled
• Enhanced typesetting Enabled
• See all details

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Product details

• ASIN ‏ : ‎ B01E1O1Q1C
• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Greg R. Haskins; 2nd edition (April 8, 2016)
• Publication date ‏ : ‎ April 8, 2016
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• File size ‏ : ‎ 785 KB
• Simultaneous device usage ‏ : ‎ Unlimited
• Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
• Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
• Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
• X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
• Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
• Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ On Kindle Scribe
• Print length ‏ : ‎ 42 pages
• #66 in One-Hour Science & Math Short Reads
• #181 in Education Problem Solving
• #292 in One-Hour Education & Reference Short Reads

About the author

Greg r. haskins.

Greg R. Haskins is an author of books on critical thinking and science, including A Practical Guide to Critical Thinking, which for many years was among the most widely read and downloaded reference sources on Skepdic.com. It became internationally adopted or referenced by educational institutions, medical institutions, militaries, government agencies, blogs, and newsletters as a handy guidebook on critical thinking.

Greg is a former multidisciplinary environmental scientist and project manager for Bechtel Corporation and a former project manager, technical writer and business process analyst for the County of Marin, California. While at Bechtel, he worked closely with environmental scientists and engineers representing multiple specialties on projects ranging from small hazardous waste cleanup jobs to large state-of-the-art industrial projects. The latter included nuclear power plants and nuclear waste repositories.

Greg has maintained a strong philosophical and psychological interest in how and why people believe things to be true, with a focus on science, religion and politics.

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