current research paper on electrical engineering

Lifetime Extension of DC-Link Capacitors in Three-Level Inverters Based on the Neutral-Point Current

• Original Article
• Published: 24 July 2024

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• Hye-Won Choi 1 ,
• Yun-Jae Bae 1 &
• Kyo-Beum Lee   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-9500 1  

This paper proposes the lifetime extension of DC-link capacitors in three-level inverters based on the neutral-point (NP) current. High-capacity inverters require large-size capacitors to maintain robust DC-link voltage. The proposed method suppresses the ripple current of the DC-link capacitors by replacing the switching states, which are optimized for two specific modulation index regions in the linear modulation range. The reliability of the DC-link capacitors is analyzed using a capacitor lifetime model. The validation of the proposed method is supported by simulation and experimental results across various conditions.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT), the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. RS-2024-00333208, No. 20225500000110).

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Hye-Won Choi, Yun-Jae Bae & Kyo-Beum Lee

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Choi, HW., Bae, YJ. & Lee, KB. Lifetime Extension of DC-Link Capacitors in Three-Level Inverters Based on the Neutral-Point Current. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-024-01983-9

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Received : 10 May 2024

Revised : 24 June 2024

Accepted : 18 July 2024

Published : 24 July 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-024-01983-9

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Effects of Unobservable Bus States on Detection and Localization of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grids , Moheb Abdelmalak

Modeling the Human Learning Process Using an Industrial Steam Boiler Analogy to Design a Psychophysiological-Based Hypermedia Adaptive Automation System , Liliana María Villavicencio López

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

On the Performance Enhancement of Beamspace MIMO and Non-orthogonal Multiple Access for Future Cellular Networks , Sinasi Cetinkaya

Enhancing Smart Grid Security and Reliability through Graph Signal Processing and Energy Data Analytics , Md Abul Hasnat

Fabric-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistor Towards Wearable pH Sensing Electronics , Nestor Osvaldo Marquez Rios

Novel Systems Engineering Framework Analysis of Photovoltaic Models and Equations , Peter R. Michael

Deep Learning Enhancement and Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning: A Data-Centric Approach , Hung S. Nguyen

Cyber-Physical Multi-Robot Systems in a Smart Factory: A Networked AI Agents Approach , Zixiang Nie

Multiple Access Techniques Enabling Diverse Wireless Services , Mehmet Mert Şahin

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Optimization Techniques for Energy and Socioeconomic Systems , Salman Sadiq Shuvo

Process Automation and Robotics Engineering for Industrial Processing Systems , Drake Stimpson

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Stability and Interaction Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Grids , Li Bao

Healthcare IoT System and Network Design , Halil Ibrahim Deniz

Video Anomaly Detection: Practical Challenges for Learning Algorithms , Keval Doshi

Data-Driven State Estimation for Improved Wide Area Situational Awareness in Smart Grids , Md Jakir Hossain

Deep Learning and Feature Engineering for Human Activity Recognition: Exploiting Novel Rich Learning Representations and Sub-transfer Learning to Boost Practical Performance , Ria Kanjilal

Assistive Technologies for Independent Navigation for People with Blindness , Howard Kaplan

Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Higher Order Statistical Analysis of Electroencephalography Signals , Seyed Alireza Khoshnevis

Accelerating Multiparametric MRI for Adaptive Radiotherapy , Shraddha Pandey

A Model-Based Fault Diagnosis in Dynamic Systems via Asynchronous Motors System Identification or Testing, and Control Engineering Observers , Kenelt Pierre

Improving Wireless Networking from the Learning and Security Perspectives , Zhe Qu

Improving Robustness of Deep Learning Models and Privacy-Preserving Image Denoising , Hadi Zanddizari

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

A Method for Compact Representation of Heterogenous and Multivariate Time Series for Robust Classification and Visualization , Alla Abdella

Dynamical System and Parameter Identification for Power Systems , Abdullah Abdulrahman Alassaf

Phasor Domain Modeling of Type-III Wind Turbines , Mohammed Alqahtani

An Automated Framework for Connected Speech Evaluation of Neurodegenerative Disease: A Case Study in Parkinson's Disease , Sai Bharadwaj Appakaya

Investigation of CoO ATO for Solar Cells and Infrared Sheaths , Manopriya Devisetty Subramanyam

Thermal Management of Lithium-ion Batteries Using Supercapacitors , Sanskruta Dhotre

Effect of Se Composition in CdSe 1-X T eX /CdTe Solar Cells , Sheikh Tawsif Elahi

Microencapsulation of Thermochromic Materials for Thermal Storage and Energy Efficiency of Buildings , Abdullatif Hakami

Piezoelectrically-Transduced ZnO-on-Diamond Resonators with Enhanced Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Power-handling Capability for Sensing and Wireless Communication Applications , Xu Han

Preparation and Characterization of Single Layer Conducting Polymer Electrochromic and Touchchromic Devices , Sharan Kumar Indrakar

Security Attacks and Defenses in Cyber Systems: From an AI Perspective , Zhengping Luo

Power System Optimization Methods: Convex Relaxation and Benders Decomposition , Minyue Ma

Metal Oxide Sensor Array Test Bed Prototype for Diagnostic Breath Analysis , Tiffany C. Miller

Packaging of Active RF Beamforming IC Utilizing Additive Manufacturing , Ryan Murphy

Adaptive Network Slicing in Fog RAN for IoT with Heterogeneous Latency and Computing Requirements: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach , Almuthanna Nassar

Development of a Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation Device for Renal Denervation , Noel Perez

Copper Electrodeposition Assisted by Hydrogen Evolution for Wearable Electronics: Interconnections and Fiber Metallization , Sabrina M. Rosa Ortiz

Theory and Application of Dielectric Rod Antennas and Arrays , Gabriel Saffold

Advanced Organic Polymers for the Nanoscale Fabrication of Fiber-based Electronics Using the Electrospinning Technique , William Serrano Garcia

Transparent Planar Micro-Electrode Array for In-Vitro Electric Field Mediated Gene Delivery , Raj Himatlal Shah

High Speed Switching for Plasma Based Electroporation , Shivangi Sharma

Development of Small-Scale Power Supplies for Wearable Medical Diagnostic Devices , Donny Stiner

Novel Approach to Integrate CAN Based Vehicle Sensors with GPS Using Adaptive Filters to Improve Localization Precision in Connected Vehicles from a Systems Engineering Perspective , Abhijit Vasili

Modeling, Control and Analysis of Inverter-Based Generators in the Power Grids , Yangkun Xu

Fiber-Based Supercapacitor for Wearable Electronics , Rohit Lallansingh Yadav

Modeling, Identification, and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources Integrated Systems , Miao Zhang

Data-Oriented Approaches towards Mobile, Network and Secure Systems , Shangqing Zhao

Strategies in Botnet Detection and Privacy Preserving Machine Learning , Di Zhuang

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Architecture design and optimization of Edge-enabled Smart Grids , Adetola B. Adeniran

Multimodal Data Fusion and Attack Detection in Recommender Systems , Mehmet Aktukmak

Artificial Intelligence Towards the Wireless Channel Modeling Communications in 5G , Saud Mobark Aldossari

Enhancement of 5G Network Performance Using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Faeik Tayseer Al Rabee

Investigation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection System in Cybersecurity , Mohmmed Alrowaily

Comprehensive Optimization Models for Voltage Regulation in PV-rich Multi-phase Distribution Systems , Ibrahim Alsaleh

Design and Implementation of Solid/Solid Phononic Crystal Structures in Lateral Extensional Thin-film Piezoelectric on Silicon Micromechanical Resonators , Abdulrahman Alsolami

Analysis of Computational Modeling Methods as Applied to Single-Crystal Organohalide Perovskites , Jon M. Bebeau

Development of a Monolithic Implantable Neural Interface from Cubic Silicon Carbide and Evaluation of Its MRI Compatibility , Mohammad Beygi

Performance Enhancement Techniques for Next-Generation Multi-Service Communication and Medical Cyber-Physical Systems , Ali Fatih Demir

Microfluidically Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Switches, Antenna Arrays and Filters with Fast-Actuation Using Movable Metallized Plates and Integrated Actuation , Enrique J. Gonzalez Carvajal

Multilayered Transmission Lines, Antennas and Phased Arrays with Structurally Integrated Control Electronics Using Additive Manufacturing , Merve Kacar

Cost Efficient Algorithms and Methods for Spectral Efficiency in Future Radio Access , Murat Karabacak

Design of DeLRo Autonomous Delivery Robot and AI Based Localization , Tolga Karakurt

Theory, Fabrication, and Characterization of Perovskite Phototransistor , Fatemeh Khorramshahi

Modeling and Control of Renewable Energy in Grids and Microgrids , Yin Li

Next-Generation Self-Organizing Communications Networks: Synergistic Application of Machine Learning and User-Centric Technologies , Chetana V. Murudkar

Reliability Analysis of Power Grids and its Interdependent Infrastructures: An Interaction Graph-based Approach , Upama Nakarmi

Algorithms Enabling Communications in the Presence of Adjacent Channel Interference , Berker Peköz

Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane Based Glucose Sensor with Integration of Potentiostat Circuit , Kavyashree Puttananjegowda

Service Provisioning and Security Design in Software Defined Networks , Mohamed Rahouti

Reading and Programming Spintronic Devices for Biomimetic Applications and Fault-tolerant Memory Design , Kawsher Ahmed Roxy

Implementation of SR Flip-Flop Based PUF on FPGA for Hardware Security , Sai Praneeth Sagi

Trauma Detection Personal Locator Beacon System , Sakshi Sharma

Network Function Virtualization In Fog Networks , Nazli Siasi

Socially Aware Network User Mobility Analysis and Novel Approaches on Aerial Mobile Wireless Network Deployment , Ismail Uluturk

Spatial Stereo Sound Source Localization Optimization and CNN Based Source Feature Recognition , Cong Xu

Hybrid RF Acoustic Resonators and Arrays with Integrated Capacitive and Piezoelectric Transducers , Adnan Zaman

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Fabrication and Characterization of Electrical Energy Storage and Harvesting Energy Devices Using Gel Electrolytes , Belqasem Aljafari

Phasor Measurement Unit Data-Based Steady State and Dynamic Model Estimation , Anas Almunif

Cross Layer-based Intrusion Detection System Using Machine Learning for MANETs , Amar Amouri

Power Conditioning System on a Micro-Grid System , Tamoghna Banerjee

Thermal Response in a Field Oriented Controlled Three-phase Induction Motor , Niyem Mawenbe Bawana

Design and Development of a Wireless EEG System Integrated into a Football Helmet , Akshay V. Dunakhe

Machine Learning, Game Theory Algorithms, and Medium Access Protocols for 5G and Internet-of-Thing (IoT) Networks , Mohamed Elkourdi

Improving Stability by Enhancing Critical Fault Clearing Time , Ammara M. Ghani

RF Power Circuit Designs for Wi-Fi Applications , Krishna Manasa Gollapudi

Enhancing Secrecy and Capacity of Wireless Systems Using Directive Communications , Mohammed A. Hafez

Statistical Anomaly Detection and Mitigation of Cyber Attacks for Intelligent Transportation Systems , Ammar Haydari

Absorber and Window Study – CdSexTe1-x/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells , Chih-An Hsu

Methods and Algorithms to Enhance the Security, Increase the Throughput, and Decrease the Synchronization Delay in 5G Networks , Asim Mazin

Piezoelectric ZnO Nanowires as a Tunable Interface Material for Opto-Electronic Applications , Anand Kumar Santhanakrishna

Security Framework for the Internet of Things Leveraging Network Telescopes and Machine Learning , Farooq Israr Ahmed Shaikh

Diversity and Network Coded 5G Wireless Network Infrastructure for Ultra-Reliable Communications , Nabeel Ibrahim Sulieman

The Design of Passive Networks with Full-Wave Component Models , Eric Valentino

CubeSat Constellation Design for Intersatellite Linking , Michael T. White

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Design of Micro-Scale Energy Harvesting Systems for Low Power Applications Using Enhanced Power Management System , Majdi M. Ababneh

A Study on the Adaptability of Immune System Principles to Wireless Sensor Network and IoT Security , Vishwa Alaparthy

Validation of Results of Smart Grid Protection through Self-Healing , Felipe Framil Assumpção

A Novel Framework to Determine Physiological Signals From Blood Flow Dynamics , Prashanth Chetlur Adithya

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Top 75 Emerging Research Topics in Electrical Engineering

Discover the cutting-edge frontiers of electrical engineering with our comprehensive list of the Top 75 Emerging Research Topics

In the ever-evolving realm of Electrical Engineering, innovative research continually drives the field’s progression, shaping our future technologies and solutions. As we step into an era dominated by AI, IoT, renewable energy, and more, the scope for innovative research widens. In this article, iLovePhD listed the top 75 emerging research topics in the field of Electrical Engineering.

1. Power Systems and Renewable Energy

1.1 smart grids and micro-grids.

a. Distributed control strategies for micro-grid management.

b. Blockchain applications for secure energy transactions in smart grids.

c. Resilience and robustness enhancement in smart grid systems against cyber threats.

d. Integration of renewable energy sources in micro-grids.

e. AI-based predictive maintenance for smart grid components.

1.2 Energy Harvesting and Storage

a. Next-gen battery technologies for energy storage systems.

b. Wireless power transfer and energy harvesting for IoT devices.

c. Super-capacitors and their applications in renewable energy storage.

d. Materials research for efficient energy conversion and storage.

e. Energy-efficient architectures for IoT devices powered by energy harvesting.

1.3 Electric Vehicles and Transportation

a. Charging infrastructure optimization for electric vehicles.

b. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology and bidirectional power flow.

c. Lightweight materials and design for electric vehicle batteries.

d. Autonomous electric vehicle technology and its integration into smart cities.

e. Energy-efficient route planning algorithms for electric vehicles.

2. Communications and Networking

2.1 5g and beyond.

a. AI-driven optimization for 5G network deployment.

b. mmWave communication technologies and their implications.

c. Quantum communication for secure and high-speed data transfer.

d. 6G technology and its potential applications.

e. Edge computing and its role in 5G networks.

2.2 IoT and Wireless Sensor Networks

a. Energy-efficient protocols for IoT devices.

b. AI-enabled edge computing for IoT applications.

c. Security and privacy in IoT data transmission.

d. Integration of AI with IoT for intelligent decision-making.

e. Communication challenges in massive IoT deployment.

2.3 Satellite and Space Communications

a. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations for global connectivity.

b. Inter-satellite communication for improved space exploration.

c. Secure communication protocols for space-based systems.

d. Quantum communication for secure space-based networks.

e. Space debris mitigation and communication systems.

3. Control Systems and Robotics

3.1 autonomous systems.

a. AI-driven control for autonomous vehicles and drones.

b. Swarm robotics and their applications in various industries.

c. Human-robot collaboration in industrial settings.

d. Autonomous navigation systems for underwater vehicles.

e. Control strategies for multi-agent systems.

3.2 Biomedical and Healthcare Robotics

a. Robotics in surgical procedures and rehabilitation.

b. Wearable robotics for physical assistance and rehabilitation.

c. Robotic prosthetics and exoskeletons for enhanced mobility.

d. Telemedicine and remote healthcare using robotic systems.

e. Ethics and regulations in medical robotics.

3.3 Machine Learning and Control

a. Reinforcement learning for control system optimization.

b. Neural network-based adaptive control systems.

c. Explainable AI in control systems for better decision-making.

d. Control strategies for complex systems using deep learning.

e. Control system resilience against adversarial attacks.

4. Electronics and Nanotechnology

4.1 nano-electronics and quantum computing.

a. Quantum-resistant cryptography for future computing systems.

b. Development of reliable qubits for quantum computers.

c. Quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computing.

d. Nano-scale transistors and their applications.

e. Hybrid quantum-classical computing architectures.

4.2 Flexible and Wearable Electronics

a. Stretchable electronics for wearable applications.

b. Smart textiles and their integration with electronic components.

c. Biocompatible electronics for healthcare monitoring.

d. Energy harvesting in wearable devices.

e. Novel materials for flexible electronic devices.

4.3 Neuromorphic Engineering and Brain-Computer Interfaces

a. Neuromorphic computing for AI and cognitive systems.

b. Brain-inspired computing architectures and algorithms.

c. Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces for diverse applications.

d. Ethics and privacy in brain-computer interface technology.

e. Neuroprosthetics and their integration with neural interfaces.

5. Signal Processing and Machine Learning

5.1 sparse signal processing.

a. Compressive sensing for efficient data acquisition.

b. Sparse signal reconstruction algorithms.

c. Sparse representations in machine learning.

d. Deep learning for sparse signal recovery.

e. Applications of sparse signal processing in various domains.

5.2 Explainable AI and Interpretability

a. Interpretable machine learning models for critical applications.

b. Explainable deep learning for decision-making.

c. Model-agnostic interpretability techniques.

d. Human-centric AI and its interpretability.

e. Visual and intuitive explanations in machine learning models.

5.3 Adversarial Machine Learning and Security

a. Robust deep learning models against adversarial attacks.

b. Adversarial machine learning in cybersecurity.

c. Detecting and mitigating adversarial attacks in AI systems.

d. Secure and private machine learning protocols.

e. Ethical considerations in adversarial machine learning.

As technology continues to redefine boundaries and explore new horizons, these research topics in Electrical Engineering stand at the forefront, ready to shape the future of our world. The amalgamation of these fields showcases the diversity and depth of possibilities waiting to be unlocked by the curious minds and diligent efforts of researchers and engineers in the years to come.

• Advanced sensors
• AI Applications
• AI in robotics
• Autonomous vehicles
• Brain-machine interfaces
• Cognitive radio
• Electric vehicles
• Electrical engineering research
• Electroceuticals
• Electromagnetic compatibility
• Electronic design automation
• Electronics advancements
• Emerging research topics
• Energy efficiency
• Energy forecasting
• Energy storage
• Grid stability
• Health technology
• HVAC systems
• IoT devices
• Microgrid technology
• Molecular electronics
• Nanoelectronics
• Power systems
• quantum computing
• Quantum cryptography
• Quantum internet
• Remote Sensing
• renewable energy
• Smart buildings
• Smart grids
• Smart grids cybersecurity
• Speech and audio processing
• sustainable manufacturing
• Terahertz electronics
• VLSI design
• Wearable technology
• Wireless protocols

What is a Research Design? Importance and Types

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• Published: 11 January 2024

We won’t get lost in translation

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering volume  1 ,  page 1 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Electrical engineering has reached a level of complexity and required knowledge that now, more than ever, good storytellers are needed to amplify the achievements of the community.

Electrical engineering is the story of modern human progress. On the list of achievements with the strongest societal effect, electrical engineering figures prominently. From computers, the Internet and fibre optics to telephones, radio and television, the discipline has evolved from electrification and simple circuits to striking technological complexity and interdisciplinarity. Modern electrical engineering now spans across areas of electronics and photonics, telecommunications and signal processing, and robotics and power engineering.

As exciting disruptive technologies — such as artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous cars, metaverse and advanced chips at the limit of atomic scale — come to the fore, society finds itself battling uncertainty in view of geopolitical tensions, accelerated climate change and global health crises. At this juncture, we hope to craft the story of electrical engineering to resonate with and inspire engineers and scientists, entrepreneurs and policy makers, students and any curious mind interested in the field. In this inaugural issue, Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering sets out on its mission to inform and educate readers on a plethora of subjects in the tradition established by the Nature portfolio of journals, with high editorial standards and an unwavering commitment to promoting diversity and inclusion in science communication and publishing.

In our pages, we will discuss how electrical engineering can make a difference in tackling global challenges with its cutting-edge technologies. For example, to ensure access to affordable and reliable energy, integrating renewable energy sources into the existing grids and ensuring grid resilience to extreme weather is being explored. To combat climate change and improve air quality in cities, advanced battery and power electronics technologies are being developed to enable the successful transition towards electric-powered road transport. In healthcare, robotic surgery, implantable electronics, lab-on-chip technologies and AI-powered medical imaging hold vast potential for improving health care, from diagnostics to remote monitoring.

Apart from covering a broad range of important technologically relevant topics, the content of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering will extend beyond publishing applied academic research concerned with the subject of electrical engineering. Rather, to encourage broader collaboration between scientists, engineers and industry, we aim to provide a highly inclusive platform for the exchange of scientific ideas and engineering solutions by putting a spotlight on engineering research conducted by commercial research and development entities whose primary focus is on developing new products and technologies. Arguably, industrial research produces the most tangible and immediate real-life effects but its achievements and the researchers behind them are rarely celebrated in the world of scientific publishing, an omission that we hope to correct. The main issue lies in the contradiction between two principles: voluntary disclosure of research findings dictated by scientific publishing and protection of intellectual property required by the private sector. In this context, publishing primary industrial research may prove challenging. However, we can help our authors from industry craft their review articles to provide just the right amount of scientific detail and strike a middle ground between unfettered transparency and superficial reporting.

“the Nature Reviews way, by conveying sophisticated technical concepts and the underlying science through accessible scientific language that can be easily understood”

But above all, we are here to facilitate the communication in our community of highly specialized professionals working in more than 400 different subfields. And we want to do it the Nature Reviews way, by conveying sophisticated technical concepts and the underlying science through accessible scientific language that can be easily understood by experts and non-specialists alike. By that, we mean handling every article from the perspective of experts coming from different scientific backgrounds. This approach is not about oversimplification and stripping an article of every scientific detail. Instead, we aim to discuss what is really important, the ideas at the heart of a research topic, and the compromise between in-depth scientific detail and easy-to-grasp concepts. We herein invite the whole of the electrical engineering community to join our Nature Reviews family where fundamental, applied and engineering research converge to transform scientific knowledge into practical applications using the art of communicating information in a way such that nothing is lost in translation.

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Machine learning unlocks secrets to advanced alloys

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The concept of short-range order (SRO) — the arrangement of atoms over small distances — in metallic alloys has been underexplored in materials science and engineering. But the past decade has seen renewed interest in quantifying it, since decoding SRO is a crucial step toward developing tailored high-performing alloys, such as stronger or heat-resistant materials.

Understanding how atoms arrange themselves is no easy task and must be verified using intensive lab experiments or computer simulations based on imperfect models. These hurdles have made it difficult to fully explore SRO in metallic alloys.

But Killian Sheriff and Yifan Cao, graduate students in MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE), are using machine learning to quantify, atom-by-atom, the complex chemical arrangements that make up SRO. Under the supervision of Assistant Professor Rodrigo Freitas, and with the help of Assistant Professor Tess Smidt in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, their work was recently published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

Interest in understanding SRO is linked to the excitement around advanced materials called high-entropy alloys, whose complex compositions give them superior properties.

Typically, materials scientists develop alloys by using one element as a base and adding small quantities of other elements to enhance specific properties. The addition of chromium to nickel, for example, makes the resulting metal more resistant to corrosion.

Unlike most traditional alloys, high-entropy alloys have several elements, from three up to 20, in nearly equal proportions. This offers a vast design space. “It’s like you’re making a recipe with a lot more ingredients,” says Cao.

The goal is to use SRO as a “knob” to tailor material properties by mixing chemical elements in high-entropy alloys in unique ways. This approach has potential applications in industries such as aerospace, biomedicine, and electronics, driving the need to explore permutations and combinations of elements, Cao says.

Capturing short-range order

Short-range order refers to the tendency of atoms to form chemical arrangements with specific neighboring atoms. While a superficial look at an alloy’s elemental distribution might indicate that its constituent elements are randomly arranged, it is often not so. “Atoms have a preference for having specific neighboring atoms arranged in particular patterns,” Freitas says. “How often these patterns arise and how they are distributed in space is what defines SRO.”

Understanding SRO unlocks the keys to the kingdom of high-entropy materials. Unfortunately, not much is known about SRO in high-entropy alloys. “It’s like we’re trying to build a huge Lego model without knowing what’s the smallest piece of Lego that you can have,” says Sheriff.

Traditional methods for understanding SRO involve small computational models, or simulations with a limited number of atoms, providing an incomplete picture of complex material systems. “High-entropy materials are chemically complex — you can’t simulate them well with just a few atoms; you really need to go a few length scales above that to capture the material accurately,” Sheriff says. “Otherwise, it’s like trying to understand your family tree without knowing one of the parents.”

SRO has also been calculated by using basic mathematics, counting immediate neighbors for a few atoms and computing what that distribution might look like on average. Despite its popularity, the approach has limitations, as it offers an incomplete picture of SRO.

Fortunately, researchers are leveraging machine learning to overcome the shortcomings of traditional approaches for capturing and quantifying SRO.

Hyunseok Oh , assistant professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Wisconsin at Madison and a former DMSE postdoc, is excited about investigating SRO more fully. Oh, who was not involved in this study, explores how to leverage alloy composition, processing methods, and their relationship to SRO to design better alloys. “The physics of alloys and the atomistic origin of their properties depend on short-range ordering, but the accurate calculation of short-range ordering has been almost impossible,” says Oh. 

A two-pronged machine learning solution

To study SRO using machine learning, it helps to picture the crystal structure in high-entropy alloys as a connect-the-dots game in an coloring book, Cao says.

“You need to know the rules for connecting the dots to see the pattern.” And you need to capture the atomic interactions with a simulation that is big enough to fit the entire pattern. 

First, understanding the rules meant reproducing the chemical bonds in high-entropy alloys. “There are small energy differences in chemical patterns that lead to differences in short-range order, and we didn’t have a good model to do that,” Freitas says. The model the team developed is the first building block in accurately quantifying SRO.

The second part of the challenge, ensuring that researchers get the whole picture, was more complex. High-entropy alloys can exhibit billions of chemical “motifs,” combinations of arrangements of atoms. Identifying these motifs from simulation data is difficult because they can appear in symmetrically equivalent forms — rotated, mirrored, or inverted. At first glance, they may look different but still contain the same chemical bonds.

The team solved this problem by employing 3D Euclidean neural networks . These advanced computational models allowed the researchers to identify chemical motifs from simulations of high-entropy materials with unprecedented detail, examining them atom-by-atom.

The final task was to quantify the SRO. Freitas used machine learning to evaluate the different chemical motifs and tag each with a number. When researchers want to quantify the SRO for a new material, they run it by the model, which sorts it in its database and spits out an answer.

The team also invested additional effort in making their motif identification framework more accessible. “We have this sheet of all possible permutations of [SRO] already set up, and we know what number each of them got through this machine learning process,” Freitas says. “So later, as we run into simulations, we can sort them out to tell us what that new SRO will look like.” The neural network easily recognizes symmetry operations and tags equivalent structures with the same number.

“If you had to compile all the symmetries yourself, it’s a lot of work. Machine learning organized this for us really quickly and in a way that was cheap enough that we could apply it in practice,” Freitas says.

Enter the world’s fastest supercomputer

This summer, Cao and Sheriff and team will have a chance to explore how SRO can change under routine metal processing conditions, like casting and cold-rolling, through the U.S. Department of Energy’s INCITE program , which allows access to Frontier , the world’s fastest supercomputer.

“If you want to know how short-range order changes during the actual manufacturing of metals, you need to have a very good model and a very large simulation,” Freitas says. The team already has a strong model; it will now leverage INCITE’s computing facilities for the robust simulations required.

“With that we expect to uncover the sort of mechanisms that metallurgists could employ to engineer alloys with pre-determined SRO,” Freitas adds.

Sheriff is excited about the research’s many promises. One is the 3D information that can be obtained about chemical SRO. Whereas traditional transmission electron microscopes and other methods are limited to two-dimensional data, physical simulations can fill in the dots and give full access to 3D information, Sheriff says.

“We have introduced a framework to start talking about chemical complexity,” Sheriff explains. “Now that we can understand this, there’s a whole body of materials science on classical alloys to develop predictive tools for high-entropy materials.”

That could lead to the purposeful design of new classes of materials instead of simply shooting in the dark.

The research was funded by the MathWorks Ignition Fund, MathWorks Engineering Fellowship Fund, and the Portuguese Foundation for International Cooperation in Science, Technology and Higher Education in the MIT–Portugal Program.

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Researches and Projects

Research papers.

EEP’s section Researched and Projects encourages every research scholar, professors, faculty members and research students to publish their research papers on EEP.

EEP’s goal is to promote scientific research in electrical engineering in general, power substation, transformers, HVAC, maintenance of electrical equipment, industry automation, power  electronics, low through medium to high voltage, renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal), etc..

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29 comments.

Hello sir, I am an Electrical Engineer in a Construction Firm. Would you give me a best topic for a research paper in connection to my nature of work.

Thank you very much

i am the student of electrical engineering and my specialization is in power here is my final year please can you give me an idea of final year project in power . i need a project idea with reserch papers

i run a master degree course in electrical electronics (power option) i need a project topic on transmission lines and its protection schemes

dear sir i am working on auto cad electrical and now i want to write a paper using this software is there any one who could send me some data or topics guide for this research thanks in advance. [email protected]

Sir ,plz provide me research paper on any new topic

sir i am a final year student of electrical engineering tell about authntic project mean latest.

good day sir, been trying to come up with a suitable topic for my thesis, pursuing my Msc in electrical power systems, i am hoping to work on electrical power stability (transient). please i need all information i can get from you sir with a suitable topic, thanks

Hello sir , I m a final year student of electrical engineering. plz suggest me the latest innovative project topics.

this website is really worth for me, Everyday i got a mail with a new thing. sir i’m doing master of engineering, and i research a project regarding renewable source something new and innovative.so kind me send something related to my subject. i will be very glad and thankful to EEP..

Sir Kindly send me the Ph.D thesis and IEEE articles,if any,related to the Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs) to my mail id. Thank you.

I want to research in power system protection Kindly suggest me.

Hello sir; I’m an electrical enginner, and I want to do a PhD in renewable energy, and I am looking for some hot topics today. Can you please suggest some of them?

Hi , Im looking for project fo protection of transformer

I want to do research in ELECTRICAL or electronic .I m doing b tech in ELECTRICAL.sir tell me about the areas .

Hello sir , I m a final year student of electrical engineering. plz suggest me the latest innovative project topics. Plz sir I want to do something innovative. my email id is [email protected]

Hi! I’m electrical engineering student in DHVTSU, Bacolor, Pampanga, PH. I’m in 4th level and in need a topic related on industrial automation and system evaluation for our ResearchA. If you have some ideas kindly email me. Thank you in advance! More energy and More Power EEP!

we have done our final year project on Transient stability analysis of a 30 bus system and want to publish it. kindly guide. thanks

I am a final year student and I am also interested in doing a project Transient stability analysis of a Power system. I am requesting for your report to aid me do mine. Kindly assist.

hi i am amjad iqbal student of 1st year MSC … i want to publish paper… is there any one who can guide me how to publish paper?… as i am in 1st semester i don’t have any idea about research pls help me i will be always thank full to all of you email me [email protected]

your website is really helpfull.plz put some projects for students also………… we have learnt from it a lot…………

hello everyone, i m alakesan doing my master of engineering at Anna university, chennai, india. i m on my final year. As per curriculum i have to do project. i m interested in mechanical loads that are acting on electrical equipment. i have finished my literature survey. i planned to do “seismic and static analysis on gis- circuit breaker and its support structures, since it is vulnerable to mechanical loads. But i m struggling with dimensions of circuit breakers. So i request you guys, kindly give some guidance to do model the circuit breaker. my mail id is ; [email protected] – thanking you

There aren’t enough words to express how useful EEP has been to me, my students and my teaching profession. Please keep on with the good work. In the same vane, I would want to request you supply me with materials on Teacher’s Guide pertaining to Power Systems Analysis, Power Systems Control, Protection, Planning, Operations and Economic Despatch with worked examples or their theory and examples versions.

You may please forward it to my email address: [email protected] . This will undoubtedly enhance my teaching and the students’ learning prospects.

Thank you very much to all the EEP group once again.

I am looking for research graduate position in Power System Stability, Network, Control and Optimization. Have more than 7 years of experience in Power System and good technical back ground. Email : [email protected]

Hi,I’m looking for a project or research about methods for reducing looses in electrical transmission lines. if you have please send it to my email; [email protected]

Did you get any?

Thanks so much to EEP, please information on design construction of automatic water pumping machine, it circuit wiring/diagram. Mail: [email protected]

Thanks for your Valuable information through EEP

SIR PLEASE I AM REQUESTED TIO YOU PLEASE UPLOD MORE DETAIL BOOKS PAPERS IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES HIGH VOLTAGE ,CONTROL SYSTEM , UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER,COMPUTER ADDED DESIGN AND POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS .PLEASE SEND ME ON MY EMAIL [email protected] , thank you sir

THANK YOU SO MUCH SIR IT SO USEFUL IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AGAIN THANK YOU

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