what is importance of education class 9 economics

People as resource class 9 notes, Class 9 economics chapter 2 notes

9 class economics chapter 2 people as resource notes.

People as resource class 9 notes, Class 9 economics chapter 2 notes In which we will learning about human capital, human capital formation, human resources, sectors of economy, economic activities, quality of population, importance of education, literacy, death rate, birth rate, unemployment etc.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource Notes

📚 Chapter = 2 📚 💠 People as Resource 💠

❇️ People as Resource :-

🔹 People as a resource is a way of referring to a country’s workforce in terms of their existing skills and abilities.

🔹 Human beings perform many activities which can be grouped into Economic and Non-Economic.

🔶 Economic Activities :-

🔹 Economic activities refer to those activities of man/woman which are undertaken for a monetary gain to satisfy his/her needs.

🔹 The activities of workers, farmers, shopkeepers, manufacturers, doctors, lawyers, taxi drivers, etc. fall under this category.

🔶 Non-Economic Activities :-

🔹 Non-economic activities are ones that are not undertaken for any monetary gain.

🔹 These are also called unpaid activities, e.g., Puja in one’s own home, housekeeping, helping the poor etc.

❇️ Types of Economic activities :-

🔹 Economic activities can be of two types :- 

🔶 (a) Market Activities :- 

🔹 Market activities are performed for remuneration i.e pay or profit. 

🔹 Eg. Agriculture activities for selling crop produced.

🔶 (b) Non- Market Activities :-

🔹 Non-market activities are the activities carried out for self- consumption or production of fixed assets.

🔹 Eg. Kitchen garden

❇️ Economic Activities by Men and Women :-

🔹 Economic activities are development and wealth producing activities. It creates economic and financial gain by producing goods and services and adds value to the national income.

❇️ Human Capital :-

🔹 Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. Population (human beings) become human capital when it is provided with better education, training and health care facilities.

❇️ Human Capital Formation :-

🔹 When the existing human resource is further developed by spending on making the workforce more educated and healthy, it is called human capital formation. 

❇️ Quality of Population :-

🔹 The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, life expectancy and skills formation acquired by the people of the country.

❇️ Importance of Education :-

🔹 Education is the most important component of human resource development because :-

It helps individual to make better use of economic opportunities available before him. 

It contributes towards the growth of society and also enhances the national income, cultural richness and efficiency of governance.

❇️ Steps taken by Government to spread Education :-

🔹 Measures like Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA), Mid Day Meal scheme (MDM) and Right to Education Act (RTE) have been introduced to push education at the farthest end.

❇️ HEALTH :-

The health of a person helps him to realize his potential and the ability to fight illness. 

An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organization. 

Health is an indispensible basis for realizing one’s well being. 

A healthy mind create healthy environment which is essential for development of a country. 

The National Health Policy too, aims at improving the accessibility of health care, Family welfare and nutritional services especially for the weaker and the underprivileged section of society.

❇️ Literacy rate :-

🔹 Literacy rate is the percentage of of population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding.

❇️ Life expectancy :-

🔹 Life expectancy is the average period that a person may expect to live. Birth rate is the number of live babies born per 1000 of population during a year.

❇️ Death rate :-

🔹 Death rate or mortality rate is the number of people die per 1000 of population during a year.

❇️ Infant mortality :-

🔹 Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1000 live births of children under one year age.

❇️ Sector of Indian Economy :-

• Primary Sector
• Secondary Sector
• Tertiary Sector

🔶 Primary Sector :-

🔹 It includes those activities which are directly related to the extraction of natural resources.

🔹  For example :- agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry, farming and mining

🔶 Secondary Sector :-

🔹 It includes those activities which extracts its raw material from primary sector and modify them into other useful products.

🔹  For example :- sugar from sugarcane, manufacturing steel from raw iron, etc.

🔶 Tertiary Sector :-

🔹 It is also called service sector as it provides the service to the above two sectors and help them to flourish.

🔹   For example :- eg, banking, transportation, communication etc.

❇️ Unemployment :-

🔹 Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the prevailing wage rates cannot find jobs. When we talk of unemployed people, we refer to those in the age group of 15-59 years. Children below 15 years of age and the old people above 60 are not considered while counting the number of unemployed.

❇️ Types of Unemployment :-

🔶 Seasonal Unemployment :-

🔹 It occurs when people fail to get work during some months of the year (that is, during off-season). Farm labourers usually face this kind of problem.

🔶 Disguised Unemployment :-

🔹 It refers to a situation where in the number of workers in a job is more than actually required to do the job. The extra number of workers is disguisedly unemployed. 

🔹This also can be seen in agricultural workforce where more than required number (say 8 people) of a family members is involved in work that could be done by three (3) people only. Means those 5 people are disguisedly unemployed as their presence or absence does not matter.

🔶 Urban unemployment :-

🔹 It occurs when the educated person do not get employment according to its educational level or has to work below it.

🔹 Eg. People having higher degree of educational qualification do not have work to do or a computer engineering degree holder is working as data entry operator in a firm.

❇️ Impacts of Unemployment :-

Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. 

People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability. 

There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth. 

Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. 

Unemployment has detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy. 

Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

• Privacy Policy

Question and Answer forum for K12 Students

Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers People as Resource

In this page, you can find CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers People as Resource Pdf free download, NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science  will make your practice complete.

People as Resource Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Economics Chapter 2 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1. When does population become human capital? Answer: Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.

Question 2. What is human capital? Answer: The skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population improve the quality of the individual or the population and thus turn them into a great asset. This is known as human capital.

Question 3. What is called human capital formation? Answer: When the existing human resource is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, we call it human capital formation. It adds to the productive power of the country.

Question 4. What does society gain through more educated and healthier people? Answer: The advantages of a more educated or healthier population spreads to those also who themselves were not directly educated or given health care.

Question 5. How is human capital superior to other resources like land and physical capital? Answer: Human resource can make use of land and capital. Land and capital cannot become useful on its own.

Question 6. What enhanced the total productivity of Sakai? Answer: Several years of education added to the quality of labour. This enhanced his total productivity.

Question 7. Mention the various activities undertaken in the primary sector? Answer: Activities such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and quarrying are undertaken in the primary sector.

Question 8. What are economic activities also called? Answer: Economic activities are also called market activities.

Question 9. Mention one difference between market activities and non-market activities. Answer: Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs i.e. activity performed for pay or profit. Non-market activities are the production for self- consumption.

Question 10. What do you mean by ‘division of labour between men and women in the family’? Answer: Women generally look after domestic chores and men work in the fields. In this way the work of a family is divided between men and women which is called division of labour.

Question 11. How are illiterate and unhealthy population viewed in a nation’s economy? Answer: Illiterate and unhealthy population are viewed as a liability in a nation’s economy.

Question 12. What are the two factors the quality of population depends upon? Answer: The two factors upon which the quality of population depends are—literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country.

Question 13. What does education contribute towards the growth of society? Answer: Education enhances the national income and cultural richness. It also increases the efficiency of governance.

Question 14. What is the goal behind development of vocational streams? Answer: Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.

Question 15. What is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan? Answer: Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years by 2010.

Question 16. What is the aim of mid-day meal scheme? Answer: The aim of mid-day meal scheme is to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.

Question 17. What do you mean by Infant Mortality Rate? Answer: Infant Mortality Rate is the death of a child under one year of age.

Question 18. What was the expenditure percentage of GDP in 1951-52 on education? Answer: The expenditure percentage of GDP in 1951-52 on education was 0.64%.

Question 19. What is seasonal unemployment? Answer: Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem.

Question 20. What is the literacy rate of India as per the Census of 2011? Answer: As per the Census of 2011, the literacy rate of India is 74%.

Question 21. What is vocational education? Answer: Vocational educational refers to as career education or technical education. This type of education . prepares people to work in a trade, in a craft, as a technician, etc.

Question 22. What is the indicator of good quality of life? Answer: An increase in longevity of life is an indicator of good quality of life marked by self-confidence.

Question 23. What is disguised unemployment? Answer: In disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. The work requires the service of five people but engages eight people. Three people are extra who can be called disguisedly unemployed.

Question 24. What is meant by educated unemployment? Answer: Educated unemployment usually occurs in cities where there are educated or technically qualified people but no job opportunities available to them.

Question 25. In primary sector, which is the most labour absorbing sector? Answer: Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy.

Question 26. In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture. Why? Answer: It is because some of the surplus labour in agriculture has moved to either the secondary or the tertiary sector.

Question 27. Name any two new services that have appeared in the tertiary sector. Answer: Biotechnology and information technology.

Question 28. What is the full form of GDP? Answer: The full form of GDP is Gross Domestic Product.

Question 29. What do you mean by birth rate? Answer: Birth rate is the number of babies born there for every 1,000 people during a particular period of time.

Question 30. What do you mean by death rate? Answer: Death rate is the number of people per 1,000 who die during a particular period of time.

Question 31. In which sector is disguised unemployment mostly found? Answer: Disguised unemployment is mostly found in agricultural sector.

People as Resource Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Economics Chapter 2 Short Answers Type

Question 1. How did countries like Japan become rich/developed? Answer: Countries like Japan do not have any natural resources.’In spite of that they are developed/rich countries. They import the natural resources needed in their country. They became rich because they invested on people especially in the field of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital. Efficiency and the technology evolved by people have made these countries rich/developed.

Question 2. How can the large population of India be turned into a productive asset? Answer: (i) India is a vast country with a large population. But it (large population) need not be a liability. It can be turned into a productive asset by investment in human capital by spending resources on education and health for all

(ii) Training of industrial and agricultural workers in the use of modern technology and scientific researches, etc can contribute a lot in turning the population into an asset.

(iii) Investment in human resource via education and medical care can give high return in future. Education adds to the quality of labour which ultimately enhances the total productivity. Total productivity adds to the growth of the economy.

Question 3. Why do educated parents invest more heavily on their children’s education? Answer: (i) Educated parents are found to invest more heavily on the education of their child. This is because they have realised the importance of education for themselves. They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene.

(ii) They accordingly look after their children’s needs for education at school and good health. They know that education adds to the quality of labour which ultimately enhances their children’s total productivity.

(iii) They are equally concerned with their children’s health and do their best for it. Health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s well-being. Needless to say that a child with investment made on her education and health can yield a high return in the future in the form of higher earnings and greater contribution to society.

Question 4. What are the main objectives of Sarva Siksha Abhiyanl Answer: Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a time bound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, local government and the community for achieving the goal of elementary education. Its main objectives of are given below:

• To provide elementary education to all children in age group of six to fourteen years by 2010.
• To increase the enrolment in elementary education by establishing back-to-school camps.
• To encourage attendance and retention of children and improve nutritional status.

Question 5. What is the National Health Policy of India? Or Mention some of the features of National Health Policy. Answer: (i) Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country. Our national policy, too, aims at improving the accessibility of health care, family welfare and nutritional service with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of population.

(ii) Over the last five decades India has built up a vast health infrastructure and has developed man power required at primary, secondary and tertiary sector in Government as well as in the private sector.

(iii) Adopotation of these measures have increased the life expectancy to over 66 years in 2011. Infant mortality rate has also come down from 147 in 1951 to 42 in 2012. Increase in longevity of life is an indicator of good quality of life marked by self-confidence.

Question 6. How are children of educated parents different from those of uneducated parents? Answer: The following points make it clear how children of educated parents are different from those of uneducated parents:

Question 7. ‘Statistically, the unemployment rate is low in India.’ Explain. Answer: A large number of people represented with low income and productivity are counted as employed. They appear to work throughout the year but in terms of their potential and income, it is not adequate for them. The work they are pursuing seems forced upon them. They may, therefore, want other work of their choice. Poor people cannot afford to sit idle. They tend to engage in any activity irrespective of its earning potential. Their earning keeps them on a bare subsistence level.

Question 8. What are the objectives of the eleventh five-year plan with regard to education? Answer: The objectives of the eleventh five-year plan with regard to education Eire given below:

• The eleventh five-year plan endeavoured to increase the enrolment in higher education of the 18 to 23 years age group to 15% by 2011—12 and to 21% by twelfth plan.
• The strategy focuses on increasing access, quality adoption of states-specific curriculum modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology.
• The plan also focuses on distant education, convergence of formal, non-formal, distant and IT education institutions. Over the past fifty years, there has been a significant growth in the number of universities and institutions of higher learning in specialised areas.

Question 9. How does investment in human resource give higher return in future? Answer: Investment in human resource (through education, training, medical care) yields higher return just like investment in land and capital. This can be seen directly in the form of higher incomes earned because of higher productivity of the more educated or the better trained persons, as well as the higher productivity of healthier people.

Not only do the more educated and the healthier people gain through higher incomes, society also gains in other indirect ways because the advantages of a more educated or a healthier population spreads to those also who themselves were not directly educated or given health care. Countries like Japan have become rich and developed without any natural resources because they have invested in human resource.

Question 10. Why will a firm not like to employ a worker with ill-health? How does it affect the working environment? Answer:

• Health is an important factor that affects the productivity of an individual. If health is good, it improves the productive power of the individual but if it is bad then the individual will become a liability to the family and the society.
• Obviously no firm will like to employ a worker with ill-health. Such a worker will miserably fail to add to the productivity of the organisation. The organisation will be at great loss if it overlooks the health of its employees at the time of their appointment.
• No one can deny the fact that the health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. Healthy people can do hard work. They avoid to take leaves as they are hale and hearty.

Question 11. ‘The employment structure is characterised by self-employment in the primary sector.’ Explain. Answer: Primary sector means agricultural sector where the whole family contributes in the field even though not everyone is really needed. Thus, we find disguised unemployment in this sector. But the entire family shares what has been produced. This concept of sharing of work in the field and the produce raised reduces the hardship of unemployment in the rural sector. But this does not reduce the poverty of the family as a result of which surplus labour from every household tends to migrate to cities in search of jobs.

Question 12. How have the various activities been classified into sectors? Give one example from each sector. Answer: The various activities have been classified into three main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary.

• Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and quarrying.
• Manufacturing is included in the secondary sector.
• Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. are included in the tertiary sector.

Question 13. What is called economic activity? Distinguish between market and non-market activities. Answer: The activities that add value to the national income are called economic activities. Economic activities are also called market activities. Market activities differ from non-market activities in the following ways:

Question 14. Define the term unemployment. What are the major types of unemployment prevailing in India? Answer: Unemployment is a situation in which a person is willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs. Four types of unemployment are prevailing in our country. These are:

• Seasonal unemployment
• Disguised unemployment
• Educated unemployment
• Structural unemployment

Question 15. Enlist the factors on which the quality of population depends. Also highlight the role of education in enhancing the quality of population. Answer: The two factors upon which the quality of population depends are – literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country.

Education plays a very significant role in human capital formation. It is an important input for the growth of an individual. It enables humans to realise their full potential and achieve success in life in the form of higher incomes through better jobs and higher productivity. Education helps individual to make better use of the economic opportunities available before him.

Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. We have seen that a majority of women are paid low compared to men because they have meagre education and skill formation. But women with high education and skill formation are paid at par with the men. So, education is important and it should be imparted to children with great care.

Question 16. Mention some of the factors responsible for seasonal unemployment. Answer: Seasonal unemployment is found in rural areas. People dependant upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem. The factors responsible for this are:

• Most of India’s rural areas are victims of extreme poverty. Farmers are too poor to practise multiple cropping which requires labour all the time. So, there will be no chance of seasonal unemployment.
• Lack of small scale industries/cottage industries in rural areas is also a prime factor for seasonal unemployment. These industries will play a valuable role in providing employment to those villagers who are out of work during off season.
• Commercial agriculture in India is practised on a limited scale. Its expansion will end the scope of seasonal unemployment.

Question 17. What is Mid-day Meal scheme? What was the purpose behind launching this scheme? Answer: The Mid-day Meal scheme is a school meal programme of the Government of India. It was launched in 1995. The programme supplies free lunches on working days for children in primary and upper primary classes in government, government-aided, local body, madarsa etc. It was launched to

• encourage attendance and retention of children in schools.
• improve the nutritional status of school-age children nationwide.

People as Resource Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Economics Chapter 2 Long Answers Type

Question 1. What has the government of India done to literate the population of the country? Or Give the initiatives taken by the Government to improve elementary education in India. Answer: In order to literate the population of the country, the Government of India has taken several measures. Some of them are given below:

• There is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan to provide elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years. It is a time-bound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the state, the local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education.
• Along with it, bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been initiated to increase the enrolment in elementary education.
• Mid-day Meed Scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.
• Navodaya Vidyalayas have been opened in each district as ideal schools, whose facilities and methods can be followed by other schools. Importance is also given to vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology.

Question 2. Describe how the nature of unemployment differs in rural and urban areas. Answer: (i) The nature of unemployment sharply differs in rural and urban areas. In rural areas of India, there is seasonal and disguised unemployment. Urban areas have mostly educated unemployment.

(ii) Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. People dependant on agriculture usually face this type of unemployment.

(iii) In case of disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed. They have agricultural plots where they find work. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. The work requires the service of five people but engages eight people. Three people are extra and are disguisedly unemployed.

(iv) In urban areas, educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon. Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation are not able to find job.

(v) Unemployment is also found among technically qualified persons. These persons in spite of having technical degrees fail to find suitable jobs. This leads to frustration among them.

Question 3. Mention some harmful effects of unemployment. Answer: Unemployment is a serious problem which needs to be eradicated soon. There are several harmful effects of this problem. Some of them are given below: (i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resources. People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability.

(ii) There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among youth. People do not have enough money to support their family. Inability of the educated people who are willing to work to find gainful employment implies a great social waste.

(iii) Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases which is very depressing for a country.

(iv) The quality of life of an individual as well as of society is adversely affected. When a family has to live on a bare subsistence level there is a general decline in its health status and rising withdrawal from the school system.

(v) Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy. It also wastes the resource, which could have been gainfully employed.

Question 4. Define the following terms: (i) Gross National Product (ii) Gross Domestic Product (iii) Virtuous Cycle (iv) Vicious Cycle (v) Economic Overload Answer: (i) Gross National Product: GNP is a measure to value what the country’s citizens produce in a given year.

(ii) Gross Domestic Product: GDP is a measure to value the total final production in a country in a given year.

(iii) Virtuous Cycle: A virtuous cycle has favorable results. Some educated parents invest heavily on the education of their child. They are also conscious of their proper nutrition and hygiene. Several years of education enables their child to earn more. A virtuous cycle is thus created in this case.

(iv) Vicious Cycle: A vicious cycle has detrimental results. Such a cycle may be created by disadvantaged parents who, themselves uneducated lacking in hygiene, keep their children in a similar disadvantaged state.

(v) Economic Overload: Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. When dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases, it increases economic overload.

Question 5. ‘Illiterate and unhealthy population are a liability for the economy.’ Justify the statement with suitable examples. Answer: Illiterate and unhealthy population are a great liability for a country’s economy. Several reasons can be given in this regard: (i) Since the population is illiterate and physically weak, it is unable to use land and capital efficiently. This will retard the growth of the country. Such a population miserably fail to contribute positively.

(ii) People sans education and health earn meagre income. No organisation is ready to give them work because it is fully aware of their incapability of doing work.

(iii) Wherever they are, they have to depend on others for this purpose or that. Since they can do only menial work, they lead a very hard life. They have no aspirations and spend all their life in struggles for keeping their body and soul together.

(iv) We have seen that uneducated parents lack in hygiene and keep their children in similar disadvantaged state. They do not send their children to school as a result of which they become a liability. Like their parents they too do not add to the growth of the economy.

(v) Uneducated and unhealthy population make their country poor because of their low productivity. They are really a great burden on the society and the nation. Such a population need to be turned into a productive asset by investment in human capital.

Question 6. Describe unfavourable effects of population growth in a country like India. Answer: India is a large country with a huge population. This population can be turned into a productive asset by investment in human capital through education, training and medical care but in a country like India it is a little bit difficult task. And therefore, this huge population is not considered good for the country’s economic development. Some of the unfavourable effects of population growth are given below:

(i) Since India is not a developed country, it is difficult to turn the huge population into a productive asset. It means a large segment of the population is a liability which is a big hindrance in the country’s development.

(ii) A fast growth in population means a large number of persons coming to the labour market for whom it may not be possible to provide employment. This will create a problem of unemployment which retards the development of the nation.

(iii) The large size of population also reduces per capita availability of capital in less developed countries like India. A rapidly growing population leads to a progressive decline in the availability of capital per worker. This further leads to lower productivity and diminishing returns.

(iv) Population growth if not checked creates food problem. Food scarcity affects economic develop-ment in two respects— firstly, it leads to undernourishment of the people which lowers their productivity and secondly, it paves the way for importing food grains which is not a good sign for a country’s economy.

(v) Population growth also leads to illiteracy and poverty. Uneducated and poor parents keep their children in a similarly disadvantaged state. When they grow up, they too become a liability to the family and the nation.

Question 7. Give the main features of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan. Or Write a note on Sarva Siksha Abhiyan. Answer: Sarva Siksha A6 hiyan is an Indian Government programme aimed at the universalisation of elementary education in a time bound manner. It has been operational since 2000-2001. The main features this movement are given below:

(i) SSA aims at changing in the current school system in order to improve the quality of the education provided in the country.

(ii) The SSA programme is also an effort to provide an equal opportunity for children to grow and develop knowledge and skills through the community-owned quality education system.

(iii) The main mission of SSA is to provide useful and relevant elementary education for all children in the 6 to 14 age group by 2010. SSA means remove all social, regional and gender disparities in the education system through the active participation of the community.

(iv) Along with universalisation of elementary education, bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been initiated to increase the enrolment in elementary education.

(v) Mid-day Meal Scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.

Question 8. What are the factors responsible for unemployment in India? Answer: Unemployment has emerged as a major national issue during the last many decades and it has been increasing day by day. There are several factors responsible for this problem:

(i) India is a large country with a huge population. A fast growth in population means a large number of persons coming to the labour market for whom it may not be possible to provide employment. This will create a problem of unemployment which retards the development of the nation.

(ii) People are heavily dependent on agriculture. This sector is characterised by seasonal and disguised unemployment. People are busy during certain months. Afterwards they become out of work. This sector is also labour absorbing. We find more people engaged in a certain work than required.

(iii) There are many educated persons who do not want to work in the villages. They run to cities in search of jobs but most of them fail to find any suitable position for themselves. This has also given rise to unemployment.

(iv) With the advent of automatic machines, employment opportunities have declined. This is also a major factor for unemployment. Potters, weavers and many others who were previously engaged in their traditional occupations are facing grim situation.

(v) Cottage and village industries which can absorb most of our unemployed youth have been badly neglected. There is focus only on big multi-crore industrial projects. This is also a main reason of unemployment in India.

Question 9. How can we tackle the problem of unemployment? Give some suggestions. Answer: Unemployment is a serious issue for all of us. This problem needs to be tackled wisely. Some of the suggestions given in this regard are: (i) Our population is increasing rapidly. But employment opportunities have not increased accordingly. So the rise in population must be controlled in order to end this problem.

(ii) India is predominantly an agriculture country. There is no dearth of raw materials here. We must make our country an industrial country if we wish to control the mounting pressure of unemployment.

(iii) Over-dependence on agriculture should be stopped by establishing more and more cottage and small scale industries in our villages. These not only help in creating employment opportunities but also check the rate of migration from rural to urban areas.

(iv) Vocational and skill-based education should be encouraged in every part of the country. This will prove a significant step in removing the problem of unemployment.

(v) Educated youth should be encouraged to set up their own enterprises. It can also generate employment for many others. Our present Government is giving much importance to this.

People as Resource Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Economics Chapter 2 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1. Mention the measure steps taken by the government in the field of education. Answer: Our government has been very active in the field of education. It has taken several steps towards in this regard:

• There is a provision made for providing universal access, retention and quality in elementary education with a special emphasis on girls.
• There is also an establishment of pace setting of schools like Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district.
• Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.
• The plan outlay on education has increased from ₹ 151 crore in the first plan to ₹ 3766.90 crore in the eleventh plan.

Question 2. ‘Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.’ Explain. Answer: It is a truth that increased unemployment indicates a depressed economy. People having no employment turn into a liability. There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth. People do not have money to support their family. Inability of educated people who are willing to work to find gainful employment implies great social loss.

Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. Quality of life is adversely affected due to unemployment. When a family has to live on a bare subsistence level there is a general decline in its health status and rising withdrawal from the school system.

Hence, unemployment has a detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy. Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy. It also wastes the resource, which could have been gainfully employed. If people cannot be used as a resource they naturally appear as a liability.

Question 3. Distinguish between the working conditions of an educated and uneducated women. Answer: The working conditions of an uneducated women are sharply different from those of the educated women in the following ways:

People as Resource Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Economics Chapter 2 Value-based Questions (VBQs)

Question 1. Classify various activities into three sectors. How are these activities important? Answer: The various activities have been classified into three main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary.

All these activities are important because they add value to the national income. They generate employment opportunities and thus contribute in reducing the problem of unemployment.

Question 2. What values are associated with human capital? Answer: Values associated with human capital are:

• It adds to the productive power of the country.
• It can make use of land and capital. Land and capital cannot become useful on its own. Thus, it is superior to other resources.
• It contributes in the growth of family and society.

Question 3. How is a virtuous cycle created by educated parents? Answer: Educated parents are more concerned for their child’s future than uneducated parents. As they know the importance of education, they are found to invest more heavily on the education of their child. They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene. They accordingly look after their children’s need for education at school and good health.

A virtuous cycle is thus created by educated parents. This cycle is repeated one generation after another. On the contrary, disadvantaged parents because of their illiteracy and poor knowledge of hygiene, keep their children in a similarly disadvantaged state. By not investing on their children’s education and health, they create a vicious cycle.

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Class 9
• NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science
• Class 9 Economics
• Chapter 2 People As Resource

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics Social Science Chapter 2 People as Resource

Ncert solutions for class 9 economics chapter 2 – cbse download free pdf.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 – People as Resource contains the solutions to the exercises given in the Economics book.  It contains all the relevant study material that can help the students score well in the CBSE examinations. NCERT Solutions of the exercises are provided, which will help Class 9 students to develop a skill for writing answers in a proper way.  A proper understanding of this chapter will further help the students with a few other chapters in higher classes as well.

We have provided the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 here. These solutions contain the answers in precise and easy-to-understand language. By going through these answers, you will also recall the topics of this chapter once again. The NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics are created by the subject experts and are accurate. Every question is explained stepwise for a better understanding of the students. They can use these for reference purposes.

• Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur
• Chapter 2 People as Resource
• Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge
• Chapter 4 Food Security in India

Students can download the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics PDF below.

carouselExampleControls112

Previous Next

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Studies (Economics) Chapter 2 – People as Resource

The Solutions for Chapter 2 of Economics are given below. Students should also check NCERT Solutions for Class 9 for other subjects.

Exercises Page No. 27

1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

‘People as a resource’ is a term that means how the population can be an asset and not a liability. It a way of referring to the working class of society in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. The population becomes human capital when an investment is made in the form of education and training. Education and health also help human beings to be an asset to the economy. Thus, people as a resource refers to the working population that results in the development of society.

2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical Capital?

Human resources are different from other resources like land and physical capital because human beings can use other resources to give out productive output. However, resources like land and physical capital are dependent on human resource for their use and cannot give any productive output all by themselves.

3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Education plays a very important role in human capital formation for the following reasons:

• An educated human can be considered an asset for the economy and not a liability.
• Education can help an individual make better use of economic opportunities. It helps in enhancing the national income, cultural richness and increases the efficiency of the Government.
• It enhances individual productivity in terms of quality and quantity.
• Because being educated can help the economic status of an individual, it also develops the consciousness towards society.
• An educated person is also aware of health and hygiene, and it will ultimately result in better health for the people of a country.

4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Health plays a very important role in human capital formation in the following ways:

• If an individual is healthy, they may have better immunity to fight illness.
• Being healthy will also increase the overall outcome of an individual.
• The health of an individual is directly proportional to the work he does. Thus better health will increase efficiency.

The above-mentioned points prove that if better healthcare measures are taken up, and an individual in a country becomes more healthy, the human capital and productivity will also increase.

5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?

If an individual is healthy, then they may be able to give a better outcome in terms of their work lives. The efficiency of a healthy person is higher than that of an unhealthy person. A healthy person can spend more time working in comparison to an unhealthy person. Hence, health plays a very important role in an individual’s working life.

6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors?

The various activities that come under the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are as follows:

7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

The activities that add value to the national income are called economic activities. They can be divided into two types: market activities and non-market activities. Market activities involve the activities performed for pay or profit, and non-market activities include the production done for self-consumption.

The activities that add no value to the national income are called non-economic activities. Domestic chore is an example of non-economic activities.

8. Why are women employed in low paid work?

The wage distribution among men and women has been a major concern for society. Women are mostly paid less than men, and one major reason for this is the meagre education qualification of women. They are employed in sectors which do not provide them with proper maternity leaves, childcare benefits and other provisions and are also responsible for managing the household work. Hence, they are paid less than men. Skill is another reason why wages for women are less than for men. Men are considered more skilful in comparison to women, despite equal physical work. Due to these reasons, women are employed in low paid work.

9. How will you explain the term unemployment?

A situation in which skilled and abled people do not get gainful work at a decent wage is called unemployment. Both rural and urban areas have unemployment. In the case of the rural population, there is seasonal unemployment, and in urban areas, there is educated unemployment.

10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Rural areas have cases of both seasonal and disguised unemployment. Seasonal unemployment is when a person is unable to find a job during a few months of the year. This mostly happens for farmers who are unemployed for a part of the year when no crops are grown.

Disguised unemployment is when people appear to be employed. When the number of people working on agricultural land is higher than the number of people actually required to work, this is considered an example of disguised unemployment. If a piece of land requires only three people to work on it, but rather five are working on it, the two extra people are an example of disguised unemployment.

11. Why is educated unemployed a peculiar problem of India?

Educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon in India. Youths with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation degrees are unable to get jobs in India. This is because the education system in India labels anyone above the age of 18 years as eligible to work. This leaves the youth unskilled and ultimately unemployed. It is important that an individual who does not only have a degree but must also be skilled enough to get a job.

12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

There are three types of activities into which the employment sector is divided: the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. The largest part of India’s population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, yet there is a massive scope of disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector. Hence the manufacturing sector, a secondary activity, is the one where the maximum part of the population can be given employment due to the increase in the number of industries.

13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

Some measures that can be taken in the education system to mitigate the problem of educated unemployed are as follows:

• Make secondary level education more career-oriented. This practice will not just help individuals get an education but also enhance their skills and get better employment opportunities.
• An individual should be able to choose the subjects that suit his or her abilities.
• New subjects and fields of study should be introduced at the school level, which can be opted for a career in the future. This will open an opportunity for students to plan their future options at the school level itself.

14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?

Students must answer this question based on their own experience.

15. Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital or human capital? Why?

Human capital can be considered to be the best out of the land, labour, physical and human capital. This is because the other resources cannot be used all by themselves, and only humans can use other resources and get productive outcomes from them.

Chapter 2 – People as Resource Summary

The Chapter ‘People as Resource’ is an effort to explain the population as an asset for the economy rather than a liability. In this chapter, students will study the purpose of educated humans and how they contribute to society.

You will also study:

1. Economic Activities by Men and Women

2. Quality of Population

3. Unemployment

• Seasonal Unemployment
• Disguised Unemployment

Economics is an important book for the Class 9 Social Science subject. Apart from this chapter, the full set of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science is given in the linked article. A team of subject experts have formulated the NCERT Solutions for Class 9, and the format is well-structured, as per the NCERT procedures. It describes each solution in a step-by-step manner so that students can understand it easily.

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 2

Which are the important topics in chapter 2 of the ncert solutions for class 9 economics, what questions can students expect from chapter 2 of ncert solutions for class 9 economics in the cbse exam, why must students download the ncert solutions for class 9 economics chapter 2 from byju’s, leave a comment cancel reply.

Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Request OTP on Voice Call

Post My Comment

This is amazing and good app

It is very useful app for me

Very good app

It is very useful app this is the best app for study and thanks to byjus

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Register with byju's & watch live videos.

myCBSEguide

• People as Resource class...

People as Resource class 9 Notes Economics

Table of Contents

myCBSEguide App

Download the app to get CBSE Sample Papers 2023-24, NCERT Solutions (Revised), Most Important Questions, Previous Year Question Bank, Mock Tests, and Detailed Notes.

People as Resource class 9 Notes Economics in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides People as Resource class 9 Notes Economics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 9 Economics notes on chapter 1 People as Resource Economics are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.

Class 9 Economics notes Chapter 1 People as Resource

Download CBSE class 9th revision notes for chapter 1 People as Resource in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for People as Resource class 9 Notes Economics and score high in exams. These are the People as Resource class 9 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 1 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.

Download Revision Notes as PDF

CBSE Class 9 Revision Notes Economics People as Resource

Population of a nation can be its asset rather than liability.

‘People as resource’ refers to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.

When existing human resource is developed by becoming educated and healthy it turns into human capital.

Human capital is superior to other resources like land and physical capital, as it uses these capitals and adds value to them.

Investment in human capital via education and medical care can give high returns in the future. Country like Japan have invested a lot in human resources. They do not have rich natural resources, but still they are called developed nations.

Human beings perform many activities which can be grouped into economic and non-economic.

Economic Activities : Economic activities refer to those activities of man which are undertaken for a monetary gain or to satisfy his/her wants. The activities of workers, farmers, shopkeepers, manufacturers, doctors, lawyers, taxi drivers, etc. fall under this category.

Market Activities and Non-Market Activities

Economic activities are also called as market activities.

Non-market activities are production for self-consumption.

Non-Economic Activities : Non-economic activities are ones that are not undertaken for any monetary gain. These are also called unpaid activities, e.g.., Puja-paath, housekeeping, helping the poor or disabled, etc.

• Classification of Economic Activities. Various economic activities can be classified into

three main sectors, that is primary sector, secondary sector, and tertiary sector. The primary sector includes activities like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry, farming and mining. In this sector, goods are produced by exploiting nature. In the secondary sector, manufacturing (small and large) and construction activities are included. The tertiary sector (also called service sector) provides various types of services like transport, education, banking, insurance, health, tourism, etc.

• In India traditionally there is division of labour between men and women.
• Activities of Women. Women generally look after domestic affairs like cooking of food, washing of clothes, cleaning of utensils, housekeeping and looking after children
• Human Capital : Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. Population (human beings) become human capital when it is provided with better education, training and health care facilities

Quality of Population .

The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, life expectancy and skills formation acquired by the people of the country.

Role of Education :

Education is the most important component of human resource development. It contributes towards the growth of the society, enhances the national income, cultural richness and increases efficiency of governance. In view of its contribution towards the growth of the society, government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP rose from 0.64% in 1951-52 to 3.98% in 2002-03. However, our national goal is 6% of GDP. Literacy is uneven between males and females. Males are more literate. It also varies with urban and rural area. Urban population is more literate compared to rural. There were 7.68 lakh schools by 2004-05. But education is diluted by the poor quality of schooling and high drop out rates. ‘Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan’ is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children below the age of 14.

Health is another very important component of human resource development. Efficiency of workers largely depends on their health. There has been considerable improvement in the country’s health standard. For instance, the life expectancy at the time of birth in India rose from 37.2 years in 1951 to 63.9 years in 2001. Similarly, infant mortality rate has come down from 147 to 47  by 2010. Infant mortality rate is the death of the child under one year of age. India has built up a vast health infrastructure but still much more is needed to be done.

Unemployment : Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the prevailing wage rates cannot find jobs. When we talk of unemployed people, we refer to those in the age group of 15-59 years. Children below 15 years of age and the old people above 60 are not considered while counting the number of unemployed.

Nature of Unemployment in India :

Seasonal unemployment occurs when people fail to get work during some months of the year (that is, during off-season). Farm labourers usually face this kind of problem.

Disguised unemployment is another kind of unemployment found in rural areas. Such kind of problem arises due to excessive pressure of population on agriculture. Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where in the number of workers in a job is more than actually required to do the job. The extra number of workers are disguisedly unemployed. Increase in unemployment is an indicator of depressed economy.

Consequences of Unemployment :

(i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. (ii) Unemployment tends to increase the economic overload that is dependence of the unemployed on the working population. (iii) Unemployment may lead to increase in social unrest and tension.

People as Resource Class 9 Notes Economics

People as Resource class 9 Notes Economics. CBSE quick revision note for class-9 Economics, Chemistry, Math’s, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.

• Mathematics
• Social Science
• English Communicative

To download People as Resource class 9 Notes Economics, sample paper for class 9 Mathematics, Social Science, Science, English Communicative; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through  the best app for CBSE students  and myCBSEguide website.

• History-The French Revolution class 9 Notes Social Science
• History-Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution class 9 Notes Social Science
• History-Nazism and the Rise of Hitler class 9 Notes Social Science
• History-Forest Society and Colonialism class 9 Notes Social Science
• History-Pastoralists in the Modern World class 9 Notes Social Science
• History-Peasants and Farmers class 9 Notes Social Science
• Geography-India Size and Location class 9 Notes Social Science
• Physical Features of India class 9 Notes Geography
• Drainage class 9 Notes Geography
• Climate class 9 Notes Geography
• Natural Vegetation and Wild Life class 9 Notes Geography
• Population class 9 Notes Geography
• History and Sport The Story of Cricket World class 9 Notes History
• Clothing A Social History class 9 Notes History
• The Story of Village Palampur class 9 Notes Economics
• Poverty as a Challenge class 9 Notes Economics
• Democracy in the Contemporary World class 9 Notes Political Science
• What is Democracy Why Democracy class 9 Notes Political Science
• Constitutional Design class 9 Notes Political Science
• Electoral Politics class 9 Notes Political Science
• Working of Institutions class 9 Notes Political Science
• Democratic Rights class 9 Notes Political Science
• Food Security in India class 9 Notes Economics

Test Generator

Create question paper PDF and online tests with your own name & logo in minutes.

Question Bank, Mock Tests, Exam Papers, NCERT Solutions, Sample Papers, Notes

Related Posts

• Olympic Movement class 11 Notes Physical Education
• Changing Trends and Career class 11 Notes Physical Education
• Physical Activity Environment class 11 Notes Physical Education
• Yoga class 11 Notes Physical Education
• Introduction class 11 Notes Economics
• Pollution of Air and Water class 8 Notes Science
• Stars and the Solar System Class 8 Notes Science

14 thoughts on “People as Resource class 9 Notes Economics”

Thank you this was very helpful. It very cleverly covers the whole topic

Thankss you this was very helpful ?

Very nice for exam Learn about all the time of subject

very good For exams

Really helpful

its good and ery helpful. i hope ur website should touch the top sky ….. thaaaaaankkks

i hope u will do same in alll subject and u will share ur answers and explaination with us…..

very very good short note of this chapter and very helpful for exams

Very helpful u guys are best

its a very very helpful notes especially for exams

It is very very helpful notes

Hello , this is easy and quick thank you

Its great but still some topics were not covered like virtuous and vicious cycle

Leave a Comment

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 People as Resource

Here, we have provided CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2. Students can view these CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 before exams for better understanding of the chapter.

June 23, 2024

Table of Contents

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2:  An attempt is made to explain how the population is a resource for the economy rather than a liability in Chapter 2, “People as Resource.” When money is invested in healthcare, education, and training, the population turns into human capital. Human capital refers to the pool of abilities and useful information that individuals possess.

Here are the CBSE Class 9 Economics notes for Chapter 2 to aid students in swiftly understanding the material and completing a comprehensive revision before the test. These well-crafted Economics notes for Class 9 cover nearly every topic covered in the course. Students who use these notes as a study guide will score highly on the Class 9 Economics exam.

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 Overview

The population as an asset is one of the topics covered in Chapter 2 of the CBSE Class 9 Economics curriculum, “People as Resource.” The populace becomes human capital when investments are made in training, education, and health care. All of the key ideas covered in this chapter are included in the revision notes PDF, which can be found on the website.

Experts have carefully chosen the revised material to help students gain a deeper understanding of Economics and its attributes. The revision notes are created with the CBSE Board standards and the necessity for students to facilitate quicker revision in mind. Students can therefore dependably contact them and benefit from receiving high grades.

Get started studying whenever and wherever you choose by downloading the free printable PDF edition of the Class 9 Revision Notes.

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 PDF

Here we have provided CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 for the ease of students so that they can just download the pdf and use it easily without the internet. These CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 will help students understand the chapter better.

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2

Here we have provided CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 for the ease of students so that they can prepare better for their exams.

The phrase “people as a resource” describes the labor force of a nation in terms of its current pool of productive talents and abilities. The population is regarded as a human resource, just as other resources. Human capital formation is the process by which an already existing “human resource” is enhanced through increased health and education. Just like an investment in physical capital, an investment in human capital (by education, training, and medical care) yields a return.

Compared to other resources like land and physical capital, human capital is superior. Overall productivity contributes to economic growth. Future returns on investments made in human resources (via healthcare and education) can be very high. Japan is one nation that has made investments in its human capital.

Economic Activities by Men and Women

The three sectors of economic activity are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, animal husbandry, poultry farming, mining, and quarrying are all included in the primary sector. Manufacturing is a part of the secondary sector.

Trade, transportation, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, and so forth are all included in the tertiary sector. We refer to these endeavors as economic activities. Market and non-market activities make up the two categories of economic activity. All performers in market activities receive compensation, whether they work for profit or salary.

The manufacturing of goods or services, including those provided by the government, is one of these. Production for one’s consumption is considered a non-market activity. These include the production of fixed assets on an own-account basis as well as the consumption and processing of primary products.

There existed a labor division based on gender. On the other hand, women were not compensated for the services that males performed. Getting an education is crucial for people to take advantage of economic prospects. The majority of women used to work in environments with unstable employment. Employment in this industry was typified by poor remuneration and irregularity. Maternity leave, child care, and other social security systems were among the basic amenities that were absent. On the other hand, women with advanced degrees and skill sets were compensated well.

Quality of Population

The country’s life expectancy and the level of skill development its citizens have attained are key indicators of an individual’s health and literacy rate. It ultimately determines the nation’s growth pace, and having a healthy, literate populace is advantageous.

Education makes society more cohesive, raises national GDP, enriches culture, and improves governance effectiveness. Citizens must be literate to adequately carry out their responsibilities and exercise their rights. All children between the ages of 6 and 14 receive elementary education through the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, which was launched in 2010.

A midday meal program was established to promote children’s attendance and retention as well as to enhance their nutritional health. The objectives of the 12th plan were to improve quality, accessibility, and the implementation of state-specific curriculum modifications. It also aimed to increase vocationalization, networking, and the use of information technology for distance education, formal and non-formal education, and IT education.

The nation has prioritized improving the general health of its citizens. Additionally, the National Policy sought to increase access to family welfare, healthcare, and nutrition services, particularly for the less fortunate population. India has grown the workforce needed in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors over the past 50 years.

Unemployment

Both rural and urban areas in India have unemployment, however, the type of unemployment varies depending on the location. Unemployment in rural areas was covert and seasonal. In cities, joblessness was accompanied by education. People experience seasonal unemployment when they are unable to find work in a few certain months of the year. People who were ostensibly employed were hiding their unemployment.

In metropolitan places, educated unemployment has become a typical occurrence. Wasted labor resources result from unemployment, which also tends to exacerbate economic overburden and hinder an economy’s ability to grow as a whole. According to statistics, India has a low unemployment rate.

Self-employment is a defining feature of the employment structure in the primary sector. The industry that uses the most workers is agriculture. Nonetheless, the population’s reliance on agriculture has decreased recently. A portion of the agricultural labor excess has been transferred to the secondary or tertiary sectors. The secondary sector’s most labor-intensive industry was small-scale manufacturing. Biotechnology, information technology, and other innovative services are currently emerging in the tertiary sector.

Benefits of CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes for Chapter 2 “People as Resource” provide several benefits to students studying this topic:

Understanding Human Capital : The notes explain the concept of human capital, emphasizing how people contribute to economic development through their skills, knowledge, and abilities.

Importance of Education and Health : They highlight the crucial role of education and healthcare in enhancing human capital and improving productivity.

Population Growth and Development : The notes discuss the relationship between population growth, education, and economic development, helping students grasp demographic trends and their impact.

Employment and Unemployment : They analyze the factors influencing employment and unemployment rates, providing insights into labor market dynamics.

Role of Government Policies : Notes may outline government policies and initiatives aimed at improving human capital, such as education reforms and healthcare programs.

Comparative Analysis : They often include comparisons between different countries or regions, illustrating how investments in human capital affect economic outcomes.

Real-Life Examples : By citing examples and case studies, the notes illustrate how individuals contribute to economic growth and development in various sectors.

Graphical Representation : Some notes use graphs and charts to visualize concepts like population trends, literacy rates, and workforce participation, making the information more accessible and memorable.

Critical Thinking : They encourage critical thinking by posing questions and discussing the implications of human capital development on national economies.

Preparation for Exams : Notes typically summarize key points, definitions, and potential exam questions, aiding students in efficient revision and exam preparation.

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 2 FAQs

The capacity of humans to engage in activities that produce goods or deliver services makes them beneficial contributors of the economy. They make a contribution to economic growth. It appears at the role of education and health in determining the quality of the population.

Investment in education and training makes a person skilled. The quality of work of a man or woman increases, improving the entire productivity. Higher productivity of a person contributes to the increase in the economy.

'People as a resource' is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. As humans contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), they are also considered as resources.

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

CBSE Class 9 Economics Notes Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

.st1{display:none} Related Articles

• Assam HSLC Syllabus 2024-25 Subject Wise PDF Download
• AP SSC Syllabus 2024-25 Subject Wise AP SSC Syllabus
• UP Board Class 11 Physics Syllabus 2024-25 Chapter Wise List
• CBSE Class 6 Social Science History Notes Chapter 2 From Hunting-Gathering to Growing Food
• CBSE Class 6 Social Science History Notes Chapter 1 What, Where, How and When?
• CBSE Class 6 Social Science History Notes Chapter Wise PDF Download
• CBSE Class 6 Notes Maths Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers PDF Download
• TNPSC Group 2 Result 2024 OUT @tnpsc.gov.in Direct Link to Download
• Odisha CHSE Syllabus 2024-25, Subject Wise Syllabus
• CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 13 Probability PDF Download

Have doubts?

Our support team will be happy to assist you!

NCERT Guides.Com

Free NCERT Solutions

• Social Science

NCERT Class 9 Economics | Chapter 2 People As Resource | Important Questions And Answers

by Manjusha · July 8, 2022

Here are important questions and answers from NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People As Resource.

1. How do people become human capital?

People become human capital when investment is made to provide them with education, healthcare and training.

2. What is human capital?

Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge that people possess.

3 . Why are people referred to as human capital?

People are referred to as human capital because they have the ability to contribute to the creation of gross national product.

4. Is a large population an asset or a liability?

A large population is an asset when we consider their ability to contribute to the gross domestic product. Hence, if the government invests in their education, training and healthcare, their productivity will increase and they become a huge asset. On the other hand, uneducated and unskilled population is a liability because of two reasons. First, they are unable to contribute to the GDP. Second, they need to be provided with food, health and education.

5. What do you mean by human capital formation?

When the available human resource is further developed by making them more educated and healthier, their productivity increases manifold and we call it human capital formation.

6. How does investment in human capital yield the same return as the investment in physical capital?

When the government invests in human capital by providing health, education and training to its people, their productivity increases and they are able to earn higher incomes. Thus, just like investment in physical capital, investment in human capital also increases productivity and earning potential of people.

7. Human capital is superior to other resources like land and capital. Explain.

Educated, skilled and healthy people not only earn higher incomes, but also benefit the society in many ways. The advantages of their education and good health spread to those who were not directly educated or given health care. In fact, human resource can make better use of land and capital. By contrast, land and capital cannot become useful on their own. For these reasons, human capital is superior to land and capital.

8. How did Japan become a developed country despite lacking natural resources?

Japan invested heavily in the education and healthcare of their people. Hence, the Japanese are able to earn higher incomes by applying the knowledge they earned from education. With their higher earnings, they are able to import the resources they need. Hence, the lack of natural resources did not affect the development of their nation.

9. Economic activities can be classified into three sectors. Which are they?

Primary, secondary and tertiary

10. What sort of economic activities come under the primary sector?

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, poultry, fishing, farming, mining and quarrying come under the primary sector.

11. Manufacturing is included in the ………………………….. sector.

12. What are included in the tertiary sector?

Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, insurance, catering, services etc. come under the tertiary sector.

13. What are the two parts of economic activities?

Market activities and non-market activities are the two parts of economic activities.

14. What are market activities?

Market activities are those activities that generate profit or involve the payment of remuneration to the person who performs it. Production of goods and services, government jobs etc come under market activities.

15. What are non-market activities?

These are activities that involve the production of goods or services for self consumption.

16. What is the importance of education?

Education enables people to make better use of the opportunities available to them. Education and skills are the major factors that determine the earning potential of a person. Education also enhances the national income, cultural richness and efficiency of governance.

17. Name the government initiative which aims to provide elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years by 2010

Sarva Siksha Abhiyan

18. What are some measures that the government has taken to increase the literate population in the country?

The government has built more primary schools in rural areas to make sure that every child has access to education. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is another such initiative of the central government. It aims to provide elementary education to all the children in the age group of 6-14 years by 2010. There are also bridge courses and back to school camps to bring more children to schools. In addition, the midday meal scheme is implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children in schools and improve their nutritional status.

19. What is the importance of health in the economic progress of a nation?

Employers want to maximize profit. They do not want to appoint people who fall ill frequently as the absence of an employee due to illness affects the productivity and profit of the organisation. By contrast, healthy people can work to the best of their ability and thus boost the profitability of their company. Thus, health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s potential and well-being. Since healthy people are less likely to fall ill, they boost the economic progress of a nation.

20. What is unemployment?

When people who are willing to work at the going rates cannot find jobs, it is called unemployment,

21. What are the types of unemployment present in rural areas?

Seasonal and disguised unemployment

22. What is seasonal unemployment?

When people are not able to find work during certain months of the year, it is called seasonal unemployment. People dependent on agriculture, for example, face this problem as they can only find work during the sowing and harvesting seaason.

23. What is disguised employment?

When a job is done by more people than is necessary to complete it, it is called disguised employment. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. For example, sometimes eight people may work in their plot of land, when just five people can complete the job easily. In this case, the three extra people appear to be employed but they do not increase production. If they are removed, the farm output will not suffer. Hence, they are in disguised unemployment,

24. What kind of unemployment exists in urban areas?

In urban areas, educated unemployment exists. In almost all cities, there are lots of graduates and post graduates who cannot find work. This paradoxical situation occurs because there is a surplus of manpower in certain sectors while in certain other sectors there is a shortage of manpower.

Related posts:

• The Story Of Palampur | NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Important Questions
• Class X Economics | Chapter 2| Important Questions From Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Sectors
• Class X Economics Chapter 1 Development | Important Questions
• Class X Economics | Chapter 2 | Important Questions From Division Of Sectors As Organized And Unorganized
• Class 10 Economics Chapter 3 | Money and Credit | Important Questions
• Class X Economics | Chapter 2 | Sectors Of The Indian Economy | Important Questions From Sectors In Terms Of Ownership
• Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy | Comparing The Three Sectors
• Class X Economics Chapter 5 | Consumer Rights | Important Questions
• NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 5 | What Books And Burials Tell Us | Important Questions
• Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 | Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources | Important Questions And Answers

Tags: class 9 economics chapter 2 solutions ncert class 9 economics people as resource expected questions ncert class 9 economics solutions

• Next story  Relative Pronouns Worksheet For Class 8
• Previous story  Subject-Verb Agreement Worksheet For Class 10

You may also like...

Class 9 social science | chapter 1 | the french revolution | textbook questions.

April 22, 2021

 by Manjusha · Published April 22, 2021 · Last modified June 10, 2024

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 The Story Of Palampur | Notes And Expected Questions

April 4, 2023

 by Manjusha · Published April 4, 2023

Class 9 History Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The French Revolution

September 4, 2022

 by Manjusha · Published September 4, 2022

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Biographies
• Career Guidance
• Class 10 NCERT Solutions
• Class 2 Solutions
• Class 3 Solutions
• Class 4 Solutions
• Class 5 Solutions
• Class 6 NCERT Solutions
• Class 7 Solutions
• Class 8 NCERT Solutions
• Class 9 NCERT Solutions
• English Grammar
• English Grammar Worksheets
• English Vocabulary Exercises
• General Knowledge
• Inspirational Stories
• Kerala Syllabus English
• KSEEB Solutions
• Personality Development
• Political Science
• Sample Question Papers
• State Boards
• Tamil Nadu Board
• West Bengal Board
• Writing Skills
• Underline the Proper Nouns Worksheet for Class 2
• Reported Speech Exercise for Class 10 TN Board
• List of Plural Nouns for Class 10
• Suffixes Worksheet for Class 10
• Synonyms Worksheet for Class 10 TN Board

• RS Aggarwal
• ML Aggarwal
• Merchant of Venice
• NCERT Books
• Questions and Answers
• NCERT Notes
• Important Questions
• People as Resource

Important Questions for Chapter 2 People a Resource Class 9 Economics

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 History

Related chapters.

• The Story of Village Palampur
• Poverty as a Challenge
• Food Security in India

Related Questions

• NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 People as Resource Class 9 Economics
• Revision Notes for Chapter 2 People as Resource Class 9 Economics

Report a problem

• Question is incorrect
• Answer is Incorrect
• Spelling Mistakes
• Not explained in detail

Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource Important Questions

Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource important questions and answers cover the major concepts of the chapter. Solving answers of these important questions help students to revise the Chapter most competently. We prepared these questions with PDF as per the latest NCERT book and CBSE syllabus. Practising these questions before the exam will ensure excellent marks in the exam.

People as Resource Class 9 Important Questions and Answers

1. What is meant by seasonal unemployment? Answer:  It is a situation when people are not able to find jobs during the particular months of a year especially in agriculture.

2. How are the children of educated parents are different from those of uneducated ones?   Answer:

3. What is the infant mortality rate?

Answer:   The infant mortality rate (IMR) refers to the number of deaths of infants per thousand live births before completing one year.

4. Explain the employment scenario in the three sectors of economic activities.

Answer:  The employment scenario in the three sectors is as mentioned below: (i)  Agriculture sector: (a) It is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. (b) In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of the population on agriculture partly because of disguised employment. (c) Some of the surplus-labour in agriculture has moved to either the secondary or the tertiary sector. (ii)  Secondary sector:  In its small scale manufacturing is the most labour absorbing. (iii)  Tertiary sector:  In this sector, various new services are appearing like biotechnology information technology etc.

5. “Unemployment leads to low income and low savings and hence low demand and low production. This is the identification of a depressed economy.” Support the statement with three arguments.

Answer:  Unemployment has negative effects on the economic development of a country in the following ways: (a) It is a wastage of manpower resource. It increases the economic overload and the number of dependent on population. (b) The quality of life of an individual as well as the society is adversely affected. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the youth. (c) The time period lost in unemployment is an irrecoverable loss. It is the loss of a productive period and the loss can not be compensated. Thus, the increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

6. Describe the different types of unemployment found in India.

Answer:  The different types of unemployment found in India are: (a) Disguised unemployment: This is the phenomenon where too many workers are working in a specific job. It happens in small agricultural farms where the whole family is working on the same farm but so many workers are not required to cultivate the farm efficiently. (b) Seasonal unemployment: It occurs when workers can find work in a specific season. For example, agricultural workers may find work only during busy agricultural seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing are done. (c) Educated unemployment: This type of unemployment is common in urban areas. There is unemployment among educated and technically skilled workers because they are not able to find jobs for themselves.

7. Why will a firm not like to employ a worker with ill-health? How does it affect the working environment?

Answer:  A firm will not like to employ an ill-healthy worker because: (a) An unhealthy worker would not be able to contribute to the overall productivity of an organisation. (b) An unhealthy worker is a liability rather than an asset to an organisation. (c) An unhealthy worker cannot contribute to the growth of the organisation. (d) An unhealthy worker does not work regularly and remains on leaves due to sickness. (e) It creates a gloomy atmosphere in the surroundings.

8. Is begging an economic activity?

Answer:  No. Begging is a non-economic activity. Two reasons can be given in support of it. One, the beggar receives money without doing anything. Second, begging is an unlawful activity and cannot become an economic activity.

9. Why are domestic services performed by women not treated as economic activities?

Answer:  In India, most women generally look after domestic affairs like cooking of food, washing of clothes, cleaning of utensils, looking after children, etc. They are not treated as economic / productive activities. This is mainly because of two reasons : (i) Such activities are performed out of love and affection and hence their valuation is not possible. (ii) They do not add to the flow of goods and services in the economy.

10. Are the following activities economic or non-economic activities? Give reasons. (a) Vilas sells fish in the village market. (b) Vilas cooks food for his family. (c) Sakal works in a private firm. (d) Sakal looks after his younger brother and sister.

Answer: (a) It is an economic activity, as it involves remuneration. (b) It is a non-economic activity, as it is a domestic service. (c) It is an economic activity, as it is done in expectation of monetary reward. (d) It is a non-economic activity, as it is done out of love and affection.

11. Differentiate between Market Activities and Non-Market Activities.

Answer:  Difference between Market Activities and Non-Market Activities. Economic activities can be classified into market activities and non-market activities.

These include production of goods and services for sale in the market. On the other hand, non-market activities are the production activities performed for self-consumption. These include consumption and processing of primary products and own account production of fixed assets.

12. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary unemployment. Give an example.

Answer:  A person is said to be unemployed when he is able and willing to work at the prevailing wage rate but does not find work. This is involuntary unemployment. If some persons are voluntarily unemployed (i.e., they prefer to remain out of work at prevailing wage rates) they will not be treated as unemployed. This is voluntary unemployment.

13. Distinguish between labour force and work force.

Answer:  Labour force of a country includes all those persons in the age group of 15-60, who are actually working or willing to work.

Workforce, on the other hand, consists of persons who are actually engaged in some kind of work and excludes those who are willing to work but do not find work. Thus, the difference between the two (i.e. labour force and workforce) is the number of persons unemployed.

14. What is the nature of unemployment as found in India?

Answer: In India, unemployment is widespread. Unemployment is found both in its rural and urban areas. There is seasonal and disguised unemployment in its rural areas. People here are dependent on agriculture. Certain months do not provide much work to the people depending upon agriculture.

In urban areas, educated unemployment has become a serious problem. Many educated youths are not able to find jobs. Unemployment among graduates and post-graduates has increased faster than among the matriculates.

15. ‘Unemployment is an economic as well as a social evil.’ Explain the statement.

Answer:  Today, unemployment is considered one of the most threatening problems before the country. The society is deprived of the goods and services that the unemployed people could have produced. Unemployment among the educated persons is more serious. This is due to investments made in them. Unemployment is not only an economic evil, it is a social problem too. Unemployment spreads social unrest and tension as unemployed people are a frustrated class of the society.

16. Discuss the factors responsible for the distribution of population in India.

Answer:  Physical factors like shape and height of land, resources, climate etc. that affect distribution of population in India like; (i) Resources: Areas rich in resources (e.g., coal, oil, wood etc.) tend to be densely populated like western Europe. (ii) Shape and height of land: Low land which is flat, e.g., Ganges valley in India. (iii) Climate: Areas with moderate temperature climates tend to be densely populated as there is enough rain and heat to grow crops like U.K. (iv) Human factors: Political, social and economic factors also affect distribution of population in India like good job opportunities encourage high population densities, particularly in large cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad having dense population. Countries with stable governments tend to have high population density.

17. Why is human resource the most important resource? What steps can be taken to improve the quality of human resource? How does an improved quality of human resource help in establishing a virtuous cycle?

Answer: Existing ‘human resource’ is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, which adds to the productive power of the country just like ‘physical capital formation’. So human resource is the most important resource.

Steps to be taken to improve quality of human resource: Quality of human resource can be improved through better education, food and health facilities. The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country.

Role of improved quality of human resource in establishing a virtuous cycle:

• Better contribution to productive power of country:  Existing human resource with good educational background can acquire specific skills in a better way and can contribute to national productivity more efficiently.
• Higher earnings and greater contributions to society:  Improved quality of human resources can give higher rates of return in future in the form of higher earnings and greater contributions to society.

18. How does unemployment have a detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy?

Answer:  

• Wastage of manpower resource :  In case of unemployment, manpower who is an asset for an economy turns into liability because utilisation of manpower becomes nil.
• Economic overload :  Unemployment tends to increase economic overload because dependence of unemployed on the working population increases. So the quality of life is adversely affected.
• Unemployment leads to social waste :  Inability of educated people who are willing to work to find gainful employment implies a great social waste. Increase in employment in an indicator of a depressed economy.

19. What is the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan? What are its objectives? [2010 (T-1)] OR Write a short note on sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

Answer:  Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children of the age group 6-14 years by the year 2010. It is a time bound initiative of central government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education. They also took an initiative to increase the enrollment of students in elementary education by introducing the schemes like mid-day meal.

20. Define human resource. When does a human resource become human capital?

Answer:  The population of a country available for the production activities is called human resource. Human resource becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care. When the existing ‘human resource’ is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, we call it ‘human capital formation’. Human capital adds to the productive power of the country. It is the stock of skills and productive knowledge embodied in them.

21. What is unemployment? How many types it is? Explain. OR How will you explain the term unemployment? OR What is meant by unemployment? Name the types of unemployment that exist in rural as well as urban areas. OR Define unemployment and explain its any two types.

Answer:  Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the prevailing wages rates cannot find jobs. When we talk of unemployed people, we refer to those in the age group of 15-59 years. Children below 15 years of age and the old people above 60 are not considered while counting the number of unemployed.

In India, unemployment is found both in rural and urban areas. In rural areas there is seasonal and disguised unemployment. In urban areas there is educated unemployment.

Unemployment in rural areas:

(i) Disguised unemployment: When more persons are working in a job than actually required, the situation is termed as disguised unemployment. For example, if in an agricultural activity eight people are engaged but this work activity actually requires the services of five people, then three persons are extra. It these three people out of eight are withdrawn, total production will remain unaffected.

(ii) Seasonal Unemployment: Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are able to find jobs only during some months of the year. This kind of unemployment is generally found in agricultural sector.

Unemployment in urban sector: Educated unemployment: Many people who are unable to get employment even after having academic and professional qualification are called educated unemployed.

22. What is Infant Mortality Rate? Why infant mortality rate is decreasing?

Answer:  Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is the total number of children dying under one year of age in a particular period of time. Infant Mortality Rate is decreasing due to following reasons :(i) Increase in life expectancy due to improved medical facilities. (ii) Better protection of children from infection, ensuring nutrition along with mother and child care.

23. Why is human capital significant? Mention three points. OR Why is the human resource important for development? OR People are the greatest resource that a country has. Explain.

Answer:  Human resource is a positive asset and a precious national resource which needs to be cherished, nurtured and developed with tenderness and care, coupled with dynamism. Contribution to national income : Skilled, educated and healthy population work for contribution in production activities. Better specialised labour can be easily adapted. Therefore, investment in human capital yields a return just like investment in physical capital. Investment in human resource can give high rates of return in the future. This investment on people is the same as investment in land and capital. A child with proper education and health can yield a high return in the future in the form of higher earnings and greater contribution to society.

24. What does IMR stand for? Write its functions.

Answer:  Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of children who die under one year of age in a year. IMR has come down form 147 in 1951 to 75 in 2000. Functions of IMR is that it indicates the increase in life expectancy and improvement in child care which is useful in assessing the future progress of the country. Reduction in infant mortality involves the protection of children from infection, ensuring nutrition along with mother and child care.

25. Explain in detail the disadvantages of unemployment.

Answer:  Disadvantages of unemployment are : (i) It leads to wastage of man power resources. It turns the population into liability for economy instead of asset. It even fills the country’s youth with the feeling of hopelessness and despair. (ii) It increases the economic load. The dependence of unemployed on the working population increases. Due to unemployment which adversely affects the quality of life of an individual as well as society. (iii) It affects the overall growth of an economy. It indicates a depressed economy and wastage of resources which could have been gainfaully employed.

26. Give three measures taken by government to improve literacy condition in India.

Answer: (i) Opening of Navodaya Vidyalayas: Government has started to estabish Navodaya Vidyalayas in each district vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.

(ii) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan: It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children of age group 6-14 years. It is an initiative of the central government in partnership with states, local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education.

(iii) Mid-day Meal Scheme : It is a programme aimed to encourage attendance and retention of children in schools and improve their nutritional status.

27. Suggest any three ways to transform population load into an asset.

Answer:  The three ways to transform population load into an asset are:

(i) To improve literacy rate: Education provides new aspirations and developed values of life. Education helps in enhancing the national income, cultural richness nad increases the efficiency of governance.

(ii) Health: The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. Increase in longevity of life in an indicator of good quality of life marked by self confidence. It involves protection of children from infection, ensuring nutrition and along with mother and child care.

(iii) Formation of skills: Providing vocational and skilled based education helps the people to get employment and therefore they contribute to the national income later on.

28. What are the two types of economic activity? State two characteristics of each.

Answer:  Economic activities are those activities which add value to the national income. Economic activities have two parts: (i) Market activities. (ii) Non-market activities.

Market activities: (i) These are the activities performed for payment or profit. (ii) They include production of goods and services.

Non-market activities: (i) These involve production for self-consumption. (ii) It includes consumption of primary production and production of fixed assets.

29. How are children of educated parents different from those of uneducated parents? Give three points of difference.

Answer: (i) Children of educated parents get better opportunity and support in their education. (ii) Their nutritional values are taken more care by the educated parents in comparison to uneducated parents. (iii) They do not lack in hygiene as the educated parents are conscious about it.

30. Describe in brief the role of human resources in economic development.

Answer:   Role of Human Resource.

(i) Higher Productivity. Investment in human capital yields a return just like investment in physical capital. This can be seen directly in form of higher incomes earned because of higher productivity of the more educated or the better trained persons as well as the higher productivity of healthier people. India’s Green Revolution and IT Revolution are good examples of human resources development.

(ii) Better Utilisation of Resources. Countries like Japan have invested in human resource. They did not have any natural resource. They could become rich/developed because of investments in people specially in the fields of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital. Efficient technology developed by people have made these countries developed.

(iii) Source of Demand. Human beings make demand for the output of goods and services produced in the country. Expansion of market for various types of foods and services further leads to increase in production.

31. Is it necessary to check population growth?

Answer:  India has vast manpower. But she could not utilise this manpower for country’s economic development. Rather, population growth has posed a big threat for the country. It needs to be controlled without further delay. It has become a big hurdle in the way of country’s economic development in the following ways:

(i) Despite considerable growth in national income, per capita income could not increase much due to fast population growth.

(ii) Fast population growth is considered as one of the major causes of unemployment in India.

(iii) Heavy pressure of population has led to the problem of overcrowding in cities, unplanned urbanisation, emergence of slums etc.

All these factors lead us to believe that rapidly growing population has become a big challenge before the Indian economy. It is the biggest roadblock in the path of its economic development. Indian poverty is deeply rooted in population growth. It, therefore, becomes highly necessary to check population growth in India.

32. What are the strategies that the government has undertaken to reduce unemployment?

Answer:   Strategies undertaken by the government to reduce unemployment.

(i) Rural Self-Employment Scheme: Our government has introduced various schemes for creating self-employment opportunities in rural areas. In April 1999, Swarna Jayanti Gram-Seva Rozgar Yojana (SGSY) was introduced whose main aim was to improve opportunities of self-development in rural areas.

(ii) Wage-employment Schemes: Main objective of this scheme was to provide opportunities for wage earning to rural people. Since June 23, 1999, all these schemes were merged with Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY).

(iii) Various schemes for providing employment to educated in urban areas: Various schemes (like Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana PMRY), Swarn Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) has been started by the government for providing employment to the educated youth in urban area.

33. What is an economic activity? What are various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector? 

Answer:  Economic activities: All such activities which give us some income are called economic activities. Pulling cycle-rickshaw, cleaning houses, selling vegetables and working in schools, factories, banks etc. are economic activities.

Activities undertaken in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary sectors:

(i) Primary Sector: Activities concerned with collecting or making available material provided by nature are included in primary sector like agriculture, poultry farming, mining, fishing etc.

(ii) Secondary Sector: The activities which are associated with transforming raw material or primary products into commodities useful to man such as manufacturing etc.

(iii) Tertiary Sector: The activities which are essential for running modern factories in a big way are termed as tertiary sector. Activities like trading, banking, health, education, insurance etc. are included in tertiary sector.

34. Why did Japan emerge as a developed country inspite of its poor natural resource?

Answer:  Japan emerged as a developed country inspite of its poor natural resource because:

(i) as they did not have any other resource they invested in the development of human resource and import other required resources.

(ii) they invested in better health and education facilities for people to make them efficient so that they can efficiently use resources like land and capital.

(iii) efficiency and the technology evolved by the educated and literate people have made it rich and developed.

(iv) they provide skill based education to the population so that they largely supported in the national income.

35. Discuss about the employment scenario in the three sectors in India.

Answer:  Primary Sector: Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture partly because of disguised unemployment. Some of the surplus is moving from primary to secondary or tertiary sectors.

Secondary Sector: Small scale manufacturing units absorb most of the labour in secondary sector.

Tertiary Sector: Various new services have started employing labour in tertiary sector like biotechnology, information technology and so on.

36. “In the past and present migration of the people from rural to urban areas has shown an upward trend.” What factors compel the rural people to migrate to cities?

Answer:  People have started moving from rural to urban areas because of the following factors:

(i) Education facilities: Urban areas have more organised and better quality education facilities opportunities vocational education and education in specialised areas has increased in urban areas. In urban areas focus is on increasing access, quality, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology.

(ii) Health facilities: Availability of better hospitals and medical facilities make people move from rural to urban areas. States like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh has poor health indices. Therefore, in search of proper medical assistance people often move from rural to urban sectors.

(iii) Employment facilities: Disguised unemployment in primary sector and rise of employment opportunities in secondary and tertiary sector has given rise to migration of people from rural areas to urban areas. In order to increase the income of family, people move from one occupation to another and one area to another.

37. How does Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan help in improving elementary education in India?

Answer:  ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ aims at providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years of age by the year 2010. It is the initiative of central government in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education.

As a result of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan there has been a significant growth in literacy rate from 18% in 1951 to 65% in 2001. The primary school system has expanded to over 5,00,000 villages in India. Mid day meal scheme has also started by government to ensure attendance and improve nutritional states of the children. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has added to the literate population of India.

38. Explain some strategies made by Government to solve the problem of unemployment in India.

Answer:   (i) Opening schools in villages: Opening vocational and elementary schools in villages create employment opportunities for people living these. Earlier people were involved in primary sector only but now they have better employment opportunities in other sectors also.

(ii) Small scale manufacturing: Opening opportunities of self-employment in the form of small scale manufacturing units like basket weaving etc adds to the employment opportunities in removes disguised and seasonal unemployment away people.

(iii) Introduction to modern farming methods: Use of modern farming methods gave the surplus members of family to get involved in other employment opportunities.

(iv) Proper health facilities : Improvement in health facilities in urban and rural areas improved in quality of human resource which in turn work more efficiently and contributed to national income.

39. How the investment in Human Capital can be of immense importance for a society as a whole? State any four advantages.

Answer:  Human Capital can be defined as the knowledge, ability, skill and physical capacity of the people which help them to produce more. Human beings can be turned into resources only if their qualitative aspects are developed. Education and health are the major human resource inputs of a country. Human capital is beneficial both individually as well as socially.

(i) Human capital contributes to the social development of the country. (ii) Human capital contributes to the economic development of the country. (iii) Human capital helps in proper utilisation of resources available or imported in the country. (iv) Human capital also contributes in the race of development from an underdeveloped to a developed nation.

40. Explain difference between vicious and virtuous cycle of life with reference to human resource.

Answer:  Quality of present human resource affects the quality of human resource for the coming generation. For example, educated parents are found to invest more heavily on the education, health and nutrition of their child. They are more conscious about the quality upbringing of their child. Thus, they create a virtuous cycle of life.

On the other hand, uneducated parents who are themselves lacking in education, health, nutrition and hygiene and are not conscious of the importance of these in the lives of their children. They are unable to provide quality upbringing of their children. Thus, they create a vicious cycle of life.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as resource

Ncert solutions for class 9 social science economics chapter 2 people as resource, economics class 9 ncert solutions chapter 2 people as resource.

Question-1 What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’? Solution: ‘People as Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Human resource is an asset for the economy rather than a liability. Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care. In fact, human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in them.

Question-2 How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? Solution: Human resource is different in the following ways:

• Land and other resources are fixed, limited and specified whereas human resources can be nurtured through education and health.
• Human resources can bring a change in other resources whereas other resources can not change or affect human resource.
• Human resource can make use of land and physical capital whereas land and physical capital can not become useful on its own.

More Resources for NCERT Solutions Class 9

NCERT Solutions

• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 English
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 Sanskrit
• NCERT Solutions Class 9 IT
• RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions

Question-3 What is the role of education in human capital formation? Solution: Educated people find jobs in private firms while the uneducated people continue with the same work as their parents. They earn a meagre income like their parents, which is just enough to support a family. Several years of education adds to the quality of labour. This enhances their total productivity. Total productivity adds to the growth of the economy. This in turn pays an individual through salary or in some other form of his choice. It is a known fact that with investments made on education and health; one can yield a high return in the future in the form of higher earnings and greater contribution to society.

Question-4 What is the role of health in human capital formation? Solution: The role of health in human capital formation is as follows:

• Healthier people have higher productivity because the health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. On the other hand, an unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation.
• It improves the quality of life. A healthy person is able to do his work in a proper and efficient way.
• A healthy person makes greater contribution to society as compared to an unhealthy person.
• Good health enables a person to earn more and to be more regular in his work.

Formulae Handbook for Class 9 Maths and Science  Educational Loans in India

Question-5 What part does health play in the individual’s working life? Solution: Health plays a very important role in an individual’s life because as we all know health is wealth and only a healthy person can work or perform to his full potential. An unhealthy person can not work efficiently. A healthy person is able to work harder and better, thus, earning more and living a better life. If the body is healthy, only then one can perform well. So, we can say that health plays a vital role in an individual’s life.

Question-6 What are the various activities are undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector? Solution: The various activities have been classified into three main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, and mining. Quarrying and manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance etc. are included in the tertiary sector.

Question-7 What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities? Solution: Economic Activities Non-Economic Activities The activities in the third sector result in the production of goods and services. Activities, which are not performed to earn money but to get some satisfaction, are called non-economic activities. These activities add value to the national income. These activities are called economic activities. These activities are performed to discharge social obligation or for physical fitness or for recreation. Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non-market activities.

Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs. People visiting places of worship, providing relief to the victims of flood and earthquake, engaging in sports activities, gardening, listening to radio or watching television are all examples of non-economic activities Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. The three activities most often reported are cleaning, cooking, and childminding.

Question-8 Why are women employed in low paid work? Solution: Women are paid for their work when they enter the labour market. Their earning, like that of their male counterpart, is determined on the basis of education and skill. A majority of the women have meager education and low skill formation and hence women are paid low compared to men. Most women work where job security is not there.

Question-9 How will you explain the term unemployment? Solution: Unemployment is said to exist when people are willing to work at the going wages but cannot find jobs.

Question-10 What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment? Solution: Disguised Unemployment. In case of disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed but they are not actually employed. Sometimes, in agricultural families, eight people are working on a farm, whereas only four people are needed to do that work. Thus, four persons are surplus and they are not needed on the farm. They also do not help to increase the production. If these four extra persons are removed from the farm, the production from the farm will not decrease. Therefore, these four persons appear to be employed but are actually disguisedly unemployed.

Seasonal Unemployment. Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such problems. There are certain busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing are done. When the plants are growing, there is not much work. During this period, they remain unemployed and are said to be seasonally unemployed.

Question-11 Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India? Solution: In the case of India educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon. Many youths with matriculation, graduation and post-graduation degrees are not able to find jobs. A study shows that the unemployment of graduates and post-graduate has increased faster than among matriculates. A paradoxical manpower situation is witnessed as a surplus of manpower in certain categories coexist with a shortage of manpower in others.

Question-12 In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity? Solution: Since agriculture is the backbone of India, India can build maximum employment opportunities in agriculture-based industries.

Question-13 Can you imagine some village that initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many? Solution: Some of the measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed are:

• Vocational education should be encouraged so that people do not have difficulty getting jobs because they will be better trained for work.
• More use of information technology should be made in giving education.
• Education should be job-oriented.
• More employment opportunities should be made available to the educated people in the tertiary sector.

Question-14 Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why? Solution: The capital I consider the best in Human Capital because there are countries like Japan that have invested in human resources as they did not have any natural resources. These countries are developed and rich countries. They import the natural resource needed in their country. They have invested in people especially in the field of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital. Efficiency and technology evolved by people have made these countries rich and developed.

Free Resources

Quick Resources

• Skip to main content
• Skip to secondary menu
• Skip to primary sidebar
• Skip to footer

Learn Insta

RD Sharma Solutions , RS Aggarwal Solutions and NCERT Solutions

Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers People as Resource

August 2, 2021 by Prasanna

CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Extra Questions People as Resource Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science . Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science SST Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

SOLVED QUESTION BANK

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Question 1. What is people as a resource? Answer: People as a resource means people are an asset rather than a liability, i.e., the work population of a country.

Question 2. When does population becomes human capital? Answer: Population becomes human capital when investment is made in the form of education, training and medical care. It adds up to the productive power of a country.

Question 3. What is the positive side of a large population? Answer: A large population, from productive aspect, contributes to Gross National Product.

You can also Download NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science PDF to help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Question 4. What is human capital? [CBSE2011] Answer: When investment is made in the form of education, training and medical care, the quality of population improves and becomes a great asset. It is known as human capital.

Question 5. How can investment be made in humans? Answer: Investment can be made in humans by means of education, training and provision of health care facilities.

Question 6. How does the society benefit from investment in humans? Answer: The benefit of society from investment in humans is an indirect way that is the benefits of educated and healthier population spreads to those who are not educated or healthy.

Question 7. How is human capital superior to other resources? Answer: Human capital is superior to other resources because other resources can be developed only by human beings with their skills and knowledge. They can not be developed and become useful on their own.

Question 8. Why do educated parents invest heavily in the education of their children? Answer: Educated parents invest more in the health and education of their children because they are aware of the benefits of higher education.

Question 9. How illiterate parents create a vicious cycle for their children? Answer: Illiterate parents who are not aware of the advantages of education and hygiene, deprive their children of these which in turn results in their children falling in the trap of a vicious circle.

Question 10. What are different types of primary activities? Answer: Primary activities include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, mining, quarrying and poultry farming etc.

Question 11. What are tertiary activities? Answer: Tertiary activities include services like education, health, communication, banking, trade, transport, tourism, insurance etc. These services help in the smooth functioning of primary and secondary activities.

Question 12. A person is making envelopes with the help of paper. In which sector should his activity be included? [CBSE 2012] Answer: Secondary sector

Question 13. What are economic activities? Answer: The activities which help to earn money for the country or add value to the national income are known as economic activities.

Question 14. What are non-economic activities? Answer: Non-economic activities are those activities which do not add to the national income such as an individual performing domestic chores.

Question 15. Define market activities. Answer: Market activities are those activities for which the people, who perform these activities, are paid or have profits such as production of goods and services.

Question 16. What are non-market activities? Answer: Non-market activities are those activities which are carried out for self-consumption such as consumption and processing of primary products and own account production of fixed assets.

Question 17. In which case women get paid for their work? Answer: Women are paid for their work when they enter into the labour market.

Question 18. What are the major determinants of earnings? Answer: Education and skill are the two major determinants of earnings.

Question 19. What is an unorganised sector? Answer: It is a sector where the income of people is low and irregular. The basic facilities such as maternity leave, childcare and other social security systems are also absent in an unorganised sector.

Question 20. What kinds of jobs in the organised sector attract women? Answer: In the organised sector, teaching and medicine attract the women most.

Question 21. Mention two factors on which quality of population depends. Answer: The two factors are the literacy rate and the health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation of the people.

Question 22. Which factor decides the growth rate of a country? Answer: The growth rate of a country is decided by the quality of population.

Question 23. How is education useful to an individual? Answer: Education is useful in making better use of the economic opportunities available to an individual.

Question 24. What are Navodaya Vidyalayas? Answer: Navodaya Vidyalayas are the schools started for the talented children in the rural areas.

Question 25. Why have vocational streams been developed? Answer: Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.

Question 26. Mention the literacy rates of population in 1951 and 2010-11. Answer: 18% in 1951 and 74% in 2010-11.

Question 27. What differences have been noted in literacy among different sections of the society and states? Answer: The differences are higher between males and females, more in urban areas than rural areas and higher in Kerala than Bihar.

Question 28. Even though primary schools have expanded largely in villages, mention the reasons for their diluted result? Answer: The poor quality of schooling and high dropout rates are the reasons for their diluted results.

Question 29. What do you know about Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan? Answer: It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years by 2010.

Question 30. What is the main aim of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan? Answer: It is a time-bound initiative of the central government in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for achieving the goals of universalisation of elementary education.

Question 31. Why have mid-day meal scheme been launched by the government in the schools? Answer: Mid-day meal scheme has been launched by the government in schools to encourage attendance and retention of children and to improve their nutritional status.

Question 32. What are the strategies adopted in the 12th plan for education and literacy? Answer: The strategies include increasing access, quality, adoption of states-specific curriculum modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology. It is also focussed on convergence of formal, non-formal, distance and IT education institutions.

Question 33. Mention two things necessary for good health. Answer: The two things which are necessary for good health are:

• Balanced and nutritious diet
• Health care facilities

Question 34. What is the aim of National Health Policy of India? Answer: The National Health Policy aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare and nutritional services with special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population.

Question 35. What is infant mortality rate? [CBSE 20151 Answer: The infant mortality rate (IMR) refers to the number of deaths of infants per thousand live births before completing one year.

Question 36. What do you mean by birth rate? Answer: The birth rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 people during a particular period of time.

Question 37. Define death rate. Answer: The death rate is the total number of people dying per 1,000 people during a particular period of time.

Question 38. What are the two indicators for assessing the future of a country? Answer: The two indicators for assessing the future of a country are increase in life expectancy and improvement in childcare.

Question 39. How many medical colleges and dental colleges are in India? Answer: There are 381 medical colleges in the country and 301 dental colleges.

Question 40. What do you mean by the term ‘unemployment’? Answer: It is a situation when people, who are willing to work at the existing wages, are not able to find jobs for themselves.

Question 41. How does rural areas differ from urban areas in terms of unemployment? Answer: In rural areas, there is seasonal and disguised unemployment whereas in urban areas, there is educated unemployment.

Question 42. What is meant by seasonal unemployment? [CBSE 2015] Answer: It is a situation when people are not able to find jobs during the particular months of a year especially in agriculture.

Question 43. What is disguised unemployment? Answer: It is a situation when people appear to be employed but in reality they are not such as in agriculture if five people are working but only three are required, then two people are disguised unemployed.

Question 44. What is educated unemployment? Answer: It means unemployment among the educated people. It usually occurs in cities where there are educated or skilled people but no job opportunities.

Question 45. Mention two consequences of unemployment. Answer: The two consequences of unemployment are:

• It leads to wastage of manpower resources.
• It tends to increase in economic overload.

Question 46. ‘Unemployment rate is low in India.’ Why? [HOTS] Answer: In India, the unemployment rate is low because large number of people with low income and productivity are counted as employed.

Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]

Question 47. Define Human capital and human capital formation. Name any two sources of human capital formation. Answer: When investment is made in the form of education, training and medical care, the quality of population improves and becomes a great asset. It is known as human capital.

When the investment is made in the existing human resource for further development by becoming more educated and healthy is termed as human capital farmatipn.

The two sources of human capital formation are education and health.

Question 48. Mention three sectors of economic activities with examples. [CBSE 2014] Answer: The three sectors of economic activities are:

• Primary sector. It produces goods by exploiting natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, mining, animal husbandry and fishing.
• Secondary sector. It converts all raw material into finished goods such as manufacturing industries and construction activities.
• Tertiary sector. It includes trade, transportation, communication, education, health, tourism and insurance etc. It helps in the smooth functioning of primary and secondary sectors.

Question 49. Define economic activities. Highlight the two types of economic activities. [CBSE 2014]                                                                     Or What is an economic activity? What are the different types of economic activities? [CBSE 2011] Answer: Economic activities are those activities which add value to the national income. The two types of economic activities are:

• Market activities. These are those activities which involve remuneration to those who perform the activities for wages or profit.
• Non-market activities. These activities refer to production activities which are performed for self-consumption and processing of primary products and own account production of fixed assets.

Question 50. Distinguish between market and non-market activities with three points of distinction. Answer:

  Question 51. How are the children of educated parents are different from those of uneducated ones? Answer:

Question 52. Mention any three features of National Health Policy. [CBSE 2012] Answer: The three features of National Health Policy are:

• It aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare and family welfare.
• It aims at improving the nutritional services with special focus on under-privileged segment of the population.
• It has improved the ratio of nurses, doctors and beds in the country.

Question 53. What is the health status of the population in India? Answer:

• India has built a vast health infrastructure and has also developed the manpower required at primary, secondary and tertiary sector in government, as well as, in the private sector.
• Life expectancy have been increased to over 68.3 years in 2014.
• Infant mortality rate has come down from 147 in 1951 to 37 in 2015.
• Crude birth rates have dropped to 20.8 and death rates to 6.5 within the same duration of time.

Question 54. Why is health of people a matter of major concern for the Indian government? Answer: Health is an important determinant of the quality of production and in turn affects the overall growth and development of a country. In spite of improvement in health, medical facilities, decline in infant mortality rate etc. it continues to remain a matter of concern because:

• Safe drinking water and basic amenities are still only available to one-third of the rural population.
• The per capita calories consumption is still much below the recommended levels.

Question 55. “Unemployment leads to low income and low savings and hence low demand and low production. This is the identification of a depressed economy.” Support the statement with three arguments. [CBSE 2016; HOTS] Answer: Unemployment has negative effects on the economic development of a country in the following ways

• It is a wastage of manpower resource. It increases the economic overload and the number of dependent on population.
• The quality of life of an individual as well as the society is adversely affected. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the youth.
• The time period lost in the unemployment is an irrecoverable loss. It is the loss of productive period and the loss can not be compensated.

Thus, increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]

Question 56. In what way is human capital superior to other sources like physical capital? How a large population is turned into a productive asset? Explain. [CBSE 2014] Answer: Human capital is superior to other sources like physical capital as it can make use of other sources like land and physical capital. Human capital can develop land and physical capital according to his skill and education because they could not develop on their own. A large population is turned into a productive asset by the following ways:

• Proper investment in developing skills.
• Emphasis on academic and vocational aspects of students.
• Making available opportunities accessible to large section of people like technological know how.

Question 57. Describe the employment scenario in the three sectors of the economy in India in recent years. [CBSE 2013] [HOTS] Answer: Agriculture is the most labour absorbing absorbing sector sector of the economy. In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture partly because of disguised unemployment. Some of the surplus labour in agriculture has moved to secondary or tertiary sectors. Small-scale manufacturing is the most labour absorbing sector in secondary sector. The tertiary sector has seen a remarkable improvement in its employment in recent years. In this sector, various new services are now appearing such as biotechnology, information technology and so on.

Question 58. Analyse the role of education in the formation of human capital formation. [CBSE 2012] Answer: The role of education in human capital formation is as follows:

• Educated people earn more than the uneducated people.
• Literate population is an asset to an economy.
• It leads to higher productivity.
• It opens new avenues for a person.
• It provides new aspirations and develops values of life. if) It contributes to the growth of society.
• It enhances the national income, cultural richness and the efficiency of the governance.

Question 59. Describe five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. [CBSE 2013] Answer: The five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan are:

• It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years.
• It is a time-bound initiative of the central government, in partnership with the states, the local government and the community for attaining the goal of universalisation of elementary education.
• In this, bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been introduced to increase the enrolment in elementary education.
• Mid-day meal scheme has been introduced to encourage attendance in schools and increase their nutritional status.
• These type of polices of the government could add to the literate minds and further the economic development.

Question 60. Describe the policy of government on higher education as per 12th Five Year Plan. Answer: The policy of the Indian government under the 12th Five Year Plan is as follows:

• It focusses on improving the education sector.
• It focusses on increasing access, quality and adoption of state-specific curriculum, modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology.
• It focusses on distance education, convergence of formal and non-formal distance and IT education institutions.
• It aims at reducing gender gaps in literacy and to increase the literacy rates within the time period.
• It aims at increasing the enrolment in higher education of 18 to 23 years age to 25.2% by 2017-18 and to reach the target of 30% by 2020-21.

Question 61. Why will a firm not like to employ a worker with ill-health? How does it affect the working environment? [CBSE 2015] Answer: A firm will not like to employ an ill-healthy worker because:

• An unhealthy worker would not be able to contribute to the overall productivity of an organisation.
• An unhealthy worker is a liability rather than an asset for an organisation.
• An unhealthy worker cannot contribute to the growth of the organisation.
• An unhealthy worker does not work regularly and remains on leaves due to sickness.
• It creates a gloomy atmosphere in the surroundings.

Question 62. Describe different types of unemployment found in India. [CBSE 2016] Answer: The different types of unemployment found in India are:

• Disguised unemployment. This is the phenomenon where too many workers are working in a specific job. It happens in small agricultural farms where the whole family is working on the same farm but so many workers are not required to cultivate the farm efficiently.
• Seasonal unemployment. It occurs when workers can find work in a specific season. For example, agricultural workers may find work only during busy agricultural seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing are done.
• Educated unemployment. This type of unemployment is common in urban areas. There is unemployment among the educated and technically skilled workers because they are not able to find the jobs for themselves.

Question 63. Explain any five effects of unemployment on the overall growth of the economy. [CBSE 2014]                                                              Or How does unemployment affect the overall growth of an economy? Answer: The five effects of unemployment on the overall growth of an economy are:

• It leads to wastage of manpower resource.
• The people who are an asset become a liability.
• It creates a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the young people. ‘
• It increases economic overload, i.e., the dependence of unemployed on the working population.
• The quality of life of an individual gets affected.

Hope given Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2  are helpful to complete your homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. Learn Insta try to provide online tutoring for you.

What is the role of education in human capital formation?

The role of education in human capital formation are as follows: an educated society facilitate better development program than an illiterate one. education improves productivity and prosperity, and also improve standard of living. it does not only contribute towards the growth of the people but also the development of society as a whole. education increases income and other cultural richness of human capital..

Explain the role of education in human capital formation.

What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Role of human capital formation in economic growth is given by:

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics 2024-25

• NCERT Solutions
• Social Science

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics - FREE PDF Download

The NCERT Solutions for Economics Class 9 for the academic year 2024-25 provides students with comprehensive and detailed explanations of key economic concepts. These solutions are designed to simplify complex topics, making them accessible and easy to understand. By offering step-by-step answers to textbook questions, the solutions help students build a solid foundation in economics, ensuring they are well-prepared for their exams and future studies.

Download these solutions to excel in your Class 9 Economics and better understand the subject. Vedantu Master Teachers prepare Class 9 Social Science NCERT Solutions according to the updated CBSE Class 9 Social Science Syllabus , which ensures that you understand the important concepts and cover everything you need to know.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter-wise Links - Download the FREE PDF

Below is the pictorial representation of the class 9 NCERT Economics Chapters for better understanding.

Quick Overview of NCERT Solutions Class 9 Economics

NCERT Solutions for Economics Class 9 covers all chapters and solutions from Chapters 1 to 4.

Functioning of pricing, GDP, foreign connections, budgets, etc. is all directly or indirectly related to Economics.

Practising textbook questions using these solutions can help students assess their level of preparation and comprehension of economic concepts. 

It provides a detailed explanation of all the fundamental concepts covered in NCERT Economics Class 9.

Explores economic activities in a village, types of resources, and interdependence between different occupations.

Focuses on human capital, skill development, and different types of jobs people do.

Examines the concept of poverty, its causes and effects, and measures taken to reduce it.

Discusses the importance of food security, types of farming, and challenges faced by Indian agriculture.

NCERT Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter wise Solutions

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Economics: Chapter Details, Concepts, and Important Links

Chapter 1: the story of village palampur.

NCERT Solutions Economics Class 9 for Chapter 1 discusses the various aspects of the economy through a hypothetical village named Palampur, and:

It mentions various agricultural and non-agricultural activities that take place in different villages. 

This chapter briefly discusses the need for human power and capital to produce products. 

It highlights the agricultural and non-agricultural activities that take place in different villages.

This chapter for NCERT Economics class 9 explores the need for human power and capital for production.

This chapter is an overview of village life and economic activities.

It discusses factors involved in production such as land, labour, and capital.

This Chapter explains the Types of crops grown, farming techniques, and modern farming methods.

Also, explores the Role of dairy, small-scale manufacturing, transport, and shopkeeping.

Important Topics Covered in Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur

Organisation of production

Farming in Palampur

Non-farming activities in Palampur

Along with NCERT Solutions Class 9 Economics Chapter 1, students can refer to Class 9 The Story of Village Palampur Revision Notes for better understanding and effective learning.

Chapter 2: People as Resource

This chapter explains how the population is an asset to an economy. 

This emphasises the significance of education and the contribution of educated people to society. 

It provides information on the Role of education and health in economic development.

This chapter covers the economic activities of men and women, unemployment, and the population's quality. 

The chapter explains the Impact of literacy rates and healthcare facilities.

Also, discuss the Participation of different genders in various economic activities.

Important Topics Covered in Chapter 2: People as Resource

Economic activities by men and women

Quality of population

Unemployment

Along with NCERT Solutions Class 9 Economics Chapter 2, students can refer to Class 9 People as Resource Revision Notes for better understanding and effective learning. 

Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge

Poverty is the biggest challenge in India. This is the main concept discussed in this chapter. The Chapter includes:

The issue of poverty in India, its causes, and measures to tackle it.

It provides statistical data and real-life examples to illustrate the extent of poverty. 

The rural and urban case of poverty is discussed in this chapter. 

This chapter is an estimate of the poverty line, anti-poverty measures, and global poverty scenario. 

The Chapter explains the Definition and criteria for measuring poverty.

Factors leading to poverty such as unemployment, lack of education, and social exclusion.

The Chapter also discusses the Government schemes and policies aimed at reducing poverty.

Important Topics Covered in Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge

Poverty as seen by social scientists

Two typical cases of poverty

Vulnerable groups

Poverty estimates

Causes of poverty

Global poverty scenario

Interstate disparities

The challenges ahead

Anti-poverty measures

Students can also refer to Class 9 Poverty as a Challenge Revision Notes for effective learning.

Chapter 4: Food Security in India

This chapter delves into the concept of food security and its importance. It discusses the various dimensions of food security and the measures taken by the government to ensure it. Chapter 4 of Economics Class 9 focuses on:

Definition and significance of food security.

Dimensions of Food Security such as Availability, accessibility, and affordability of food.

Public Distribution System (PDS), buffer stock, and food grain procurement.

If all the citizens have sufficient food, they have easy access to food, they have sufficient capacity to buy food, then we can say that food security is ensured in India. 

Current Challenges and Solutions. Issues such as malnutrition, and steps taken to improve food security.

Important Topics Covered in Chapter 4: Food Security in India

Green revolution in India

National Food Security Act

Students can also refer to Class 9 Food Security in India Revision Notes for effective learning.

Benefits of Referring to Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics

Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics covers all chapters and topics thoroughly. These solutions provide detailed explanations for each concept, ensuring that students have a complete understanding of the subject matter. Here are some of the key advantages:

The Economic Class 9 solutions are prepared by experienced educators who have a deep understanding of the subject.

Complex economic concepts are broken down into simple, easy-to-understand explanations. 

This makes learning more accessible and helps students grasp difficult topics without confusion.

Vedantu’s NCERT Economic Class 9 Solutions include a variety of practice questions and answers that are likely to appear in exams.

By providing detailed explanations and step-by-step solutions, Vedantu helps students build a strong foundation in economics. 

The solutions include various exercises and practice questions that allow students to assess their understanding and track their progress. 

Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions are available in PDF format, making them easily accessible anytime and anywhere.

Related Important Links for Class 9 Economics

Along with this, students can also download additional study materials provided by Vedantu for CBSE Class 9 Economics–

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics 2024-25

1. What is Meant by Buffer Stock and Why is it Required from Class 9 Economics?

Buffer stock refers to a load of food grains (e.g., wheat, rice, and so on) secured by the government through the Food Corporation of India (FCI). It is made to disperse food grains in shortage territories and among the more unfortunate segments of society at a reasonable cost.

Following are the reasons for its requirement:

Government has made cradle stock to disseminate these food grains in shortfall zones and among the helpless part of society at a much lower cost than market cost. 

It assists with settling the issue of deficiency of food during unfriendly climate conditions.

2. What is Disguised and Seasonal Unemployment?

Disguised unemployment means when individuals are being utilized but are not adding to the efficiency. For example, Indian farmers utilize crude techniques in farming because of their poverty. If they utilize current techniques for development, a circumstance can be made when just two people in a family can finish the work rather than three. Here one person is disguisedly employed.

Seasonal unemployment happens when individuals can't secure positions during certain months of the year. Horticulture in India is certainly not an entire-time occupation, it is occasional. The cultivators for the most part develop just one yield in a year. The occasional character of Agriculture in India prompts this type of unemployment.

3. How many chapters are there in Class 9 Economics Social Science?

There are four chapters in Class 9 Economics Social Science. These chapters are - 

The Story of Village Palampur 

People as Resource 

Poverty as a Challenge 

Food Security in India

These chapters deal with concepts such as production which includes topics like land, machinery, tools, and human resources along with their importance. Other topics are the utilization of people as a productive resource, the struggles of poverty after independence and several reforms concerning food availability and affordability.

4. Which is the best guide for Economics Class 9?

NCERT solutions are the best solutions for Economics Class 9. Since these solutions are prepared according to the CBSE syllabus, it will be easier for the students to get well-versed in all the chapters. Visit the page NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics to download the best NCERT Solutions, provided by Vedantu on the official website (vedantu.com) and on the Vedantu app free of cost.

5. How can I top in Economics Class 9?

To top in Economics Class 9, you need to be well-versed in all the chapters. Understanding the chapters very well and revising them will help you remember the key concepts in the chapters. Vedantu provides live online classes and NCERT Solutions created by experts to make the chapters interesting and easier for the students to understand and learn everything. Visit the page NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics to download the NCERT Solutions for all the chapters in Economics Class 9 to start preparing for your exams.

6. Do I need to study all the questions given in the NCERT Solutions Class 9 Economics?

Yes, you need to study all the questions given in the NCERT Solutions to ace your exams. Vedantu provides NCERT Solutions which are carefully crafted for the benefit of students to understand all the chapters in Class Economics. Visit the page NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics to download a free pdf of NCERT Solutions and use them to revise offline.

7. How does the NCERT Economics Class 9 help in understanding complex economic concepts?

The NCERT economics class 9 solutions provide simplified explanations and detailed answers to textbook questions, breaking down complex economic concepts into easy-to-understand segments, which aids in better comprehension.

8. Are Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Economics aligned with the latest syllabus?

Yes, Vedantu’s NCERT Economics Class 9 is meticulously prepared according to the latest syllabus for the academic year 2024-25, ensuring they are up-to-date and relevant.

9. How can NCERT Class 9 Economics solutions benefit my exam preparation?

NCERT class 9 economics solutions include a wide range of practice questions, covering various types of questions that might appear in exams. This thorough practice helps students prepare effectively and boosts their confidence.

10. Can I use these Class 9th Economics solutions to clarify my doubts?

Absolutely. The detailed and well-structured answers provided in the NCERT economics class 9 solutions help in clearing doubts and ensuring a solid understanding of the topics covered in each chapter.

NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 9

Cbse class 9 study materials, home tuitions in india.