example of korean essay

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Tips for improving Korean essay writing

After more than a year of attending advanced Korean classes and regularly writing and reviewing 500-800 character essays with my teacher, I’ve accumulated a few useful tips for improving long-form writing that I thought I’d share here.

I’ll preface this by saying few people write well in any language, even among native speakers. I’m a writer and storyteller in both my professional and personal life and I know just how hard it is to build compelling rhetoric using effective, engaging language on any topic. So, following these “quick tips” won’t make you a good writer in Korean — that will take years of practice reading and writing, just as it would in English. But it may help you get started on the road to sounding more natural.

Caveat : This is only one language learner’s experience (mine) and one language instructor (my teacher)’s advice, so take with a grain of salt.

Master written language

This means practicing and getting comfortable with plain speech. Plain-style Korean, or 해라체, is used in books, newspapers, blogs — basically any form of writing where you’re not directly addressing someone else. For example, you’d use plain style to write a blog post in Korean, but use proper politeness (i.e. -요 or -ㅂ니다) levels when responding to comments. Sentences in plain-style Korean end with -(ㄴ)다 (present/future) or -ㅆ다 (past).

There are a number of useful textbooks out there that cover Korean grammar; I’m personally a fan of 빈도별 토픽 for more advanced learners and the Integrated Korean series for beginners and intermediate learners. When going through these books, keep in mind that not all verb endings are appropriate for written Korean. Endings like -지요 and -잖아요, for example, only make sense when you’re talking to someone else.

Use inductive reasoning

Obviously not a hard and fast rule (depends on the discipline, writer’s style, etc.), but after reading a number of Korean op-eds and personal essays, the biggest difference between Korean and English essay writing that I’ve noticed is the underlying logic of the work.

Korean essays are mostly built on inductive reasoning: they start out with anecdotes, examples, and research to draw the reader step-by-step to the main point of the essay. If you’re reading a long opinion piece in Korean, you might make it through 50% or more before you realize what exactly the author’s trying to say.

This is counter to the typical “five paragraph essay” taught in American high schools, where you’re told to state a main point for each paragraph and then support it with evidence (more deductive than inductive reasoning).

Tip! I’ve found that because of this logic structure, skimming long chunks of Korean prose — especially during TOPIK — is challenging for me. If you’re pressed for time, read the last couple sentences of every paragraph to get a decent tl;dr.

Memorize transition words and phrases

These are words like 그런데, 그리고, 게다가, 반면에, etc., that link one sentence to the next or one paragraph to the next. When you’re reading essays, news articles, or even TOPIK passages, take a second to identify and write down these transition words/phrases. Memorize them and practice using them in your own writing, so you won’t default to the boring ones I listed as examples above.

Put the most important part of the sentence first

One of my favorite things about Korean writing is the flexibility of word order within a sentence. That said, I often get told by my teacher to not be so careless about it when writing essays. A writing tic of mine, for instance, is to include every relevant detail that I possibly can into a relative clause that modifies the topic or subject of my sentence; that means my sentences are “top heavy” with the most important part usually coming near the end. In longer compositions, though, it’s important to make sure your key point shows up at the beginning of the sentence for clarity.

For example, take a look at these two sentences. The first is what I wrote and the second is a revision.

(1) 마지막으로 직장 관련 이야기가 듣기 싫다는 대답을 선택한 여성들에 비해 2배 이상 많은 남성들이 있다는 결과가 나왔다.

(2) 마지막으로, 여성들에 비해 2배 이상 많은 남성들이 직장 관련 이야기가 듣기 싫다는 대답을 선택한 결과가 나왔다.

I was trying to describe that, according to the results of the given survey, more than twice the number of men versus women said they did not want to discuss work [with their extended families during the holiday]. In sentence (1), the key point ‘여성들에 비해 2배 이상 많은 남성’ shows up at the end of the sentence; in sentence (2), it shows up right after the transition word.

Use! The! Right! Particles!!

Believe me when I say that it is worth investing time into understanding the difference between topic particles (은/는) and subject particles (이/가). For a lot of beginners, this is one of the most difficult concepts to grasp, especially if English is your native language. If you’re only writing a couple short sentences at a time, to a limited (!) extent, you can get by mixing up the two without dire consequences.

For example:

(1) 그 남자 는 나를 좋아한다고 고백했다. (2) 그 남자 가 나를 좋아한다고 고백했다.

Both sentences have differences in nuance but more or less mean the same thing.

When sentences get long with different topics, subjects, and clauses, using the wrong particle can really mess up the meaning of your sentence. And when you’re introducing different points in an essay, mastering 은/는 and 이/가 will help direct the logical flow of your writing and lend it clarity. The best way to grasp particles? Write a lot, but don’t just write disparate sentences. Write a paragraph or two on one idea and then have your writing reviewed by a native speaker.

Synonyms are your friend

This is good writing advice no matter what language you’re writing in. No one wants to read the same adjective or verb over and over again, so it’s good to pay attention to different ways to say the same thing. This is particularly important, I think, for the analytical writing part of TOPIK, which asks you to describe the results of a survey or research study. You’ll be using a lot of phrases like “X increased by Y%” or “A decreased by B%” or things like “it was revealed that XX,” “the results showed ,” “the participants chose , ” etc.

Tip! Compared to the longer essay in TOPIK II, the analytical essays are actually where you can improve your score the fastest, in my opinion. One easy way to do that is by diversifying your sentences with different synonyms and phrases related to analysis and trends. On one of my early practice tests, I used the word 증가하다 three sentences in a row — don’t do that.

Last but not least: read actively

An obvious one, but worth mentioning. Now, when I read non-fiction in Korean, I don’t just read for comprehension. I read for writing style. And I mean, I really break down the structure of the composition. I start out by picking out where the main idea shows up in each paragraph and then jot it down. Then I try to pay attention to how the sentences are connected to one another, noting specifically how the author shifts topics and subjects from sentence to sentence and how transition phrases/words help build the logic of the narrative. And then I try putting in any new words and sentence structures/phrases I’ve learned into practice.

In order to build your vocabulary, it’s important to read widely. But in order to become a better writer, I think it’s important to read closely .

Closing thoughts

I think being able to write naturally, using standard grammar, is an important tenet of fluency. But I don’t think you have to be a “good” writer to consider yourself fluent — though, of course, it depends on what your ambitions and/or goals are.

In English, writing is like breathing for me. So it’s important to me that I can write something that would be considered generally good writing in Korean, not just comprehensible or “good for a foreigner.” That’s what I’m working toward, at least.

To that end, I do have a ((new)) blog in Korean, up on the interwebs somewhere. I’m waiting until I write a few more posts before I officially share it here, but if keep your eyes peeled if you’re interested!

The Only Guide You Need to Pass TOPIK Test

Best Self-Study Material to Prepare for TOPIK Test

TOPIK Essay Writing Guide – Evaluation and Marking Scheme

The readers of TOPIK GUIDE have frequently been writing to us for some guidance on the Essay part of TOPIK Writing (쓰기) section. So Here We are putting this detailed article about this.

Most of the questions in TOPIK are multiple choice and objective type where there is, clearly, only one correct answer. You don’t even need a human to check if the answers are right or wrong. Mostly OMR recognition softwares do the job. The problem is with the subjective type questions. In these questions there is no ‘one correct answer’. Different persons can give different answers and they all may be correct. Sometimes it is difficult to even say whether the answer is right or wrong because it may be partially right and partially wrong.

This type of questions generally appear in the Writing section of TOPIK. And believe me, you are not the only person who find them difficult. Evaluating this type of questions is the most difficult task for Examiners as well. As these questions are evaluated by real humanss and not the machines, there are high chances of variation in evaluation process depending upon the personality and psychological status of the examiner. And that”s why it confuses the test takers on what and how to write the answer of such questions so that it looks correct to the evaluator. Particularly, the TOPIK Essay writing part is the most difficult of these subjective questions.

Most of TOPIK test takers are confused at some point of time about what and how exactly they are expected to write in the essay. Do they want to check your grammar vocabulary, spelling etc? or Do they want to test your writing skills, like how beautifully and logically you put your thought, how great your thoughts are? or Do they want to see how beautiful your handwriting is? Will using difficult words and complex sentences get you more marks? There are many such questions that confuse the mind of test takes, specially when they appear for the first time. Many people find themselves in a very difficult situation when the topic of the essay is related to Korea. I know many people who thought writing anything wrong about Korea or Koreans will fetch them poor marks. 😉

In this series on TOPIK essay writing, we are going to clear all those doubts. We are going to tell you exactly how TOPIK essays are evaluated and marked. The series is based on ‘ model evaluation guideline ‘ from NIIED, the organization that conducts the TOPIK test.

We have divided the series in to 3 parts in which we will take 3 model essays each from beginner, intermediate and advanced levels of TOPIK and will analyse the evaluation system by giving detailed marking pattern of 3 model answer essays.

Below is the model guideline that all the evaluators have to follow, according to NIIED:-

We will start with the Beginner Level .

Here is the Essay Question that we will take as a model:-

I am leaving you with three example answer essay. read properly and think how you would mark them if you were the examiner. In the next post we will see how the TOPIK evaluators marked them.

TOPIK Beginner Model Essay 1

TOPIK Beginner Model Essay 2

Go to TOPIK Essay Writing Evaluation Analysis – Beginner Level

Dr. Satish Satyarthi

Satish is the Founder and CEO of TOPIK GUIDE. He is passionate about languages. He created TOPIK GUIDE website to help Korean language learners learn Korean effectively, succeed in TOPIK test and achieve their goals. He has a PhD in Korean language. His research area has been 'Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language (외국어로서의 한국어교육)'. He is a Seoul National University (GKS) alumni. He has been active in Korean language teaching and research for more than 10 years.

Hello, thanks for this post.İ think first one is best, right Because second one has some mistakes and third one is not good How abkut this essay’s points. İ wonder bexause i will get this exam next year.그래서 열심히 공부 합니다. 정말 감서헙니다.

Thanks a lot for sharing this nice and informative post, This posts shows your efforts that how do you cover any topic research. I really like your blog because your blog has updated posts on different current issues. I would request you to keep sharing your thoughts. Essay Writing

이것은 너무 도와주신 글인데 감사합니다 선배님.

hello i hav a doubt.. see topik test are conducted 4times in evry 1year…and as for me i will be giving my test in the 40th topik…i have 3years…but i live in india and here the educational sessions end in june…so my point is that i wont be able to make it in the beginners level 1 test which is conducetd in january…should i wait for another year or shud i give level 1 topik in july???

This beginner essay writing will definitely be a great resource for the students who will write essay first time in their academic career. Essay writing is not so much tough, just need a little bit attention due to which students can write essays of excellent quality. Buy Essay

Thanks for this post, I speak spanish,and I dont found information about it. thanks

Great to know that it helped… Thank you.

Hello. Thank you for the great review and the whole site… it helps a lot 🙂 I am preparing for the intermediate level TOPIK, and I was just wondering if the 400-600 characters are counted with or without space?? Do you know anything about this? I was sure it’s without space (because that’s how usually it is at language tests), but then just to make sure, I put a sample essay from the official TOPIK paper and copied it to Word, to see how many characters it is. And it turned out that it’s 353 characters without space, and 456 with space… So I’m kind of confused now :/ Do they count it with space? It makes a huge difference actually….

Actually it’s with spaces…

Thank you so much for the quick reply ^^

Hi, I would like to know if you have to write the essay using the ㅂ니다 form. I have been learning Korean on my own and talking to my friends. We usually just use the polite speach ending in 요. But Since this is a test I guess I will have to use the other form right?

You can check this post:- https://www.topikguide.com/2012/07/which-form-of-language-to-use-in-topik-exam-formal-plain-or-informal.html

hi , i want to know if i can pass the level 2 of topik exam how can i use by this score, thank you for your answer

It can help you getting into a Korean university or getting a job in a Korean company… It also helps you get certain types of Visa…

Good morning teacher.nice to meet you in your team chart. am from Cambodian now i stay in Cambodian too . but i want to test Korea exam how can i do it because am so far from here. so u can advice me how to do? am looking for you reply me back .thank you so much. i want to study more in Korea but am so poor so i don’t have money to study at there. if you have a good advice for me please tell me …i can test from internet or anther test .thank you.good bye see u reply soon..from Sophea Cambodia..good luck for you.

많은 분들이 한국어를 공부하시군요. 다들 좋은 결과 얻으시길 희망합니다. !

my big problem in topik exam is the writing part , i had no clew about it . but this article made me feel more comfortable and bit ready for it 🙂 thanks a miliiooooooon 🙂

same problem

hello, thanks for this post i am preparing 31th intermadiate topik exam and i wondering about essays topik?

thanks for this information..now when you are told to write about a countries love or parent love what are the essential things to write???

It depends on the level..

여러분 열심히 공부 하세요

There’s a little bit of spelling errors in Example 2. Here’s some of the ones that I caught:

“카탸가 제 비밀들은 질 지켰습니다.” — 잘* “하지만 우리 지금 만나면 저는 너무 행벅해집니다.” — 행복* “우리가 맛있는 자를 마실겁니다.” — 차* “저는 제 친구 너무 보고 싶어서 발리 러시아에 가거싶습니다.” — 빨리* and 가고 싶습니다*

Also, any tips on how to get Level 6? What kind of essay structure are they looking for to get level 6? If I get all points or at least enough points to reach level, is that how I can get level 6?

Example 3 also has a bit of errors.

“체 취미 축구입니다.” — 제* and I think it sounds better to write 제 취미는* “이 사람이 세게에서 진짜 유명해요.” — 세계* “그리고 이 사람안테…” — 한테* “나중에 아마 저는도 유명 축구사람 됩니다.” — 저도* and 유명한* and 축구선수* “만나면 아추 좋아합니다.” — 아주* “우리 집에 조대할고예요, 우리 아버지게서도 정말 좋아요.” — 초대 할 거예요* and 아버지께서*

I could be wrong, but I think those are some errors.

Yes, those are errors. That’s why example essay 2 & 3 got less marks. Check this post: https://www.topikguide.com/2012/04/topik-essay-writing-guide-beginner.html

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Students of Korean at Boston University are highly encouraged to write short passages and essays appropriate to their level of study. Writing Korean not only helps students’ Korean literacy skills but also enhances students’ creative and logical thinking abilities through reviewing and critiquing on social and cultural issues. The following essays are some samples from the students in my past Korean classes. These examples are taken directly from students' actual work and demonstrate great efforts in writing. However, naturally the sample essays may include possible grammar mistakes and non-native style of expressions.

Korean Writing Examples

The following shows writing examples at various proficiency levels. These were produced by real language learners and may contain errors. See Writing Section Tips at the bottom of this page.

Korean Proficiency Tests and Resources

Writing Examples

At this level, I am able to create individual words that have no extended meaning.

I can share some simple vocabulary, which deals with the prompt/task/situation, but I tend to struggle to connect those words to create meaning.

At this level, I am beginning to develop the ability to create meaning by grammatically connecting words.

Specifically, I can connect some basic subjects and verbs or verbs and objects, but I may be inconsistent at doing this.

I am often limited in my vocabulary to Novice level topics that I experience in my every-day life or that I have recently learned.

아이들 게임이 좋고 재밌게 놀고. 게임은 나쁘고 너무 마니 놀고.

At this level, I can create simple sentences with very basic grammatical control and accuracy.

There are often errors in my responses, while at the same time I might have good control with some very simple structures and functions of the language that I have just learned or studied.

At the Novice levels, errors are expected as I try to create simple sentences. Generally, the sentences that I am able to create are very basic and simple with few, if any, added details.

좋은 영향은 행복을 주고 게임이나 티비를 통해 많은 정보를 알수있습니다.

At this level, I can create simple sentences with some added detail; such sentences help create VARIETY.

At the Intermediate Low level, simple sentences are enhanced by use of prepositional phrases, helping verb usage, as well as some adverbs and a variety of adjectives.

I generally create independent sentences (ideas) that can be moved around without affecting the overall meaning of the response. There are still a number of errors in my response, but I have fairly good control of more basic sentences. I am feeling more confident in using different structures and expanding vocabulary and taking more risks with my responses.

비디오 게임과 티비는 아이들에게 좋은 영향과 나쁜 영향이 있다. 좋은 영향은 아이들의 집중력이 발달한다. 안 좋은 영향은 학급에 방해가 된다. 학교에서 성적이 떨어진다.

At this level, I can now create enough language to show groupings of ideas.

My thoughts are loosely connected and cannot be moved around without affecting meaning.

I can also create a few sentences with complexity and am able to use some transition words. I am also able to use more than just simple present tense, but often make mistakes when I try to use other tenses.

My vocabulary use is expanding and I am able to use more than the usual, high frequency or most common vocabulary. I feel that I am able to create new language on my own and communicate my everyday needs without too much difficulty.

티비 시청과 비디오 게임을 하는 아이들은 좋은점과 안좋은점이 많아요. 티비 보는 아이들에게 좋은 점은 아이들이 말을 할수있어요. 아이들이 외국어 티비를 보면 한국어를 배울수있습니다. 제가 어렸을대 어머니 아버지와 한국 티비를 많이 봐서 제가 아직까지 한국어를 이해할수가 있습니다. 아이들이 티비를 보면 언어와 요즘 트렌드를 알수있어요. 그리고 아이들이 텔레비전 아니면 비디오 게임을 보면 좋은 이유가 안에서 노는거예요. 비디오 게임을 하면 밖에 안나가도돼요. 많은 부모님들이 좋아할 장점이죠. 그런대 티비 시청과 비디오 게임이 안좋은 이유는 방해가 돼서. 티비나 비디오 게임을 하면 모니터예 너무 집중을해서 게임을 그만 못해요. 티비 신청과 비디오 게임은 나쁜 점도있지만 좋은점도 있습니다.

At this level, I have good control of the language and feel quite confident about an increasing range of topics.

There are still some occasional errors in my language production, but that does not hinder my ability to communicate what I need to share.

I can use circumlocution to explain or describe things for which I do not know specific vocabulary or structures. I can understand and use different time frames and am just beginning to develop the ability to switch most time frames with accuracy. I can use transition words and concepts with some ease. My language has a more natural flow, but I still may have some unnatural pauses or hesitations.

랑 비디오 게임은 바쁜 부모의 해결책이다. 어린아이에게는 부모의 관심 또는 시간이 필요하다. 바쁜 부모들에게는 일과 유가를 둘다 소화하는게 쉽지만은 않다. 이런 아이들에게 할것을 주는게 TV랑 게임이다. 아이들은 잠간 부모의 관심이 없는동안 재미있게 시간을 보낼수있다. 어린 아이들에게는 친구 관계가 무척이나 중요하다. 이런 관계를 만들어나가고 유지하는데에는 공통점이 필요하다. 유행하는 드라마, 오락, 또는 게임을 통해 21세대 아이들은 친구관계를 만든다. 성자하는 아이들에게는 관계 만드는게 중요하다. 아이들의 뇌는 21-25살에 성장을 한다. 뇌가 굳기 전에 아이들에게 많은 것을 가르쳐야한다. 이 중요한 시기에 TV 시청과 비디오 게임에, 또는 전자파에 노출시키면 아이들은 정상적인 성장을 못 한다. TV랑 비디오 게임은 무척이나 중독성 있는 오락이다. 하여 아이들은 곧 게임에 중독이되 자기만에 세상에 빠져 해어나오지 못하는 경우가 수도록 많다. 어느세 굳어버린 아이들은 주류사회에 참여하는 인물들이되겠죠. 게임에 중독된 사람들은 사회생황 하는데 지장이 크다. 하루종일 게임만 하다보니 사회성이 떠러지는게 당연한 일이다. 사회에 덕이되기보다 민패가 되는 경우가 많다.

At this level my response contains a number of complexities with higher degree of accuracy.

Such language allows me to address each aspect of the prompt more completely and with more depth of meaning.

I am able to use Advanced vocabulary or Advanced terms, conjugations etc. with confidence. I feel that I can create natural flow using as much detail and descriptive language as possible to create a clear picture. Errors with more complex structures may still occur. My ability to switch time frames begins to increase in accuracy.

티비시청과 비디오 게임은 아이들에게 많은 영향을 미치는데요. 먼저 부정적인 영향을 적어본다면, 비디오 게임은 아이들의 폭력성을 높일 수 있다는 점이죠. 왜냐하면 요즘 게임들은 무기를 들고 적들과 싸우는 내용이 많기 때문입니다. 티비 또한 아이들에게 부정적은 영향을 줄수있는데요, 그건 바로 광고 떄문입니다. 티비에는 여러가지 광고가 나오죠 예를들어 맥주와 담배, 티비 광고에서는 너무 화려하게 재밌게 포장이되어있어서 아이들의 호기심을 자극할수도 있어요. 하지만 부정적인 영향이 많은 만큼 긍정적은 영향도 많아요. 아이들은 비디오 게임을 통해 아직해보지 못한 경험을 할수있어요, 게임에는 종류가 여러가지니까요, 동물키우기나 요리하기 등등. 티비도 역시나 똑같은 이유에요, 텔레비젼에도 여러가지의 채널과 프로그램이 있어요. 여행을 다니는 모습, 동물이 살아가는 모습, 아니면 다른나라의 문화, 이 모든것을 티비하나에서 다 볼수있죠. 이것을 통해 아이들은 세상에 있는 사람, 동물, 그리고 문화에 대해서 배워갈꺼에요. 티비 시청과 비디오 게임이 아이들에서 미치는 부정적인 영향이 있었지만, 그만큼 좋은 긍정적인 영향도 있습니다.

At this level my response demonstrates my ease with the language.

I am able to create a response which not only addresses each aspect of the prompt, but delves into each point with clarity and concise language.

I am able to incorporate a number of more complex structures as well as Advanced vocabulary and Advanced phrases with a higher degree of accuracy throughout the majority of the response.

The language I create has a natural flow due to the way I incorporate a variety of patterns and complexities into my response. My response shows my ability to create language that has sophistication of language skills and syntactical density. My ability to switch time frames accurately is evident, if called for in the prompt.

현대사회에서 TV시청과 비디오 게임은 아이들에게 많은 영향을 끼칩니다. 맞벌이를 하는 부모들의 수가 증가 할수록 아이들은 집에서 혼자서 할 수 있는 놀이를 통해 시간을 보내고 혼자있는 시간을 더 활용적으로 잘 보내려고 합니다. TV 시청과 비디오 게임을 반대하는 부모들도 있고 아이들의 선택에 맡기는 부모들도 있습니다. 먼저 TV 시청의 긍정적인 측면에서는 아이들이 TV시청을 통해 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있고 세상에 대해 좀 더 알아가게 됩니다. 왜냐하면 TV 속에는 다양한 사람들에 대한 방송하는 프로그램과 세상의 화제거리에 대해 방송하는 프로그램처럼 다양한 프로그램들이 많이 방송되고 있기 때문입니다. 다음으로 비디오게임을 통해서 아이들은 프로게이머라는 꿈을 키워나갈 수 있고 비디오 게임의 체계와 공략을 이해하고 탐구하면서 일상생활에서 쓰이는 탐구력이 증진될 수 있습니다. 그렇지만 이 두 분야에서 아이들은 긍정적인 영향만 얻을 수 있는 것이 아닙니다. 부정적인 측면에서는 현대사회에 TV 시청과 비디오 게임을 수요하는 아이들이 늘어감에 따라 그에 따른 중독현상과 정신적으로 피폐해지는 현상을 가져옵니다. TV 시청과 비디오게임은 티비, 컴퓨터, 스마트폰과 같은 전자기기를 통해서 이루어집니다. 이에 따라 아이들은 전자파를 통해 시력저하와 공감, 지각과 같은 능력발달 저하가 초래될 수 있습니다. 이 뿐만아니라 아이들이 TV 시청과 비디오게임에 중독이 된다면 일상생활에 큰 문제를 일으킬 수 있습니다. 자신이 해야할 일에 있어서 책임감이 없어지거나 시청과 비디오 게임 이외에는 신경을 쓰지 않게 될 수도 있습니다. 제 개인적인 의견은 아이들이 TV 시청과 비디오 게임을 하는 것이 무조건적으로 반대되어서는 안된다고 생각합니다. 하지만 보호자가 함께 즐긴다거나 적정선에서 멈출 수 있게 도와준다면 더 건강한 TV 시청과 비디오 게임 활동이 될 수 있다고 생각합니다.

Writing Section Tips

Additional resources can be found in the Power-Up Guide and on our Video Tutorials page.

Be a ‘show-off’ – this is the time to show what you can do!
Be organized in your writing.
Challenge yourself to go above and beyond what you normally write.
Be creative and don’t stress out over possible errors. Perfection is not the goal!

Simply do your best and enjoy creating and communicating in the language that you are learning.

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Read our Writing Input Guide to learn how to type in Korean.

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Learning Package

30 Useful Korean Transitional Phrases For Essay Writing

Are you studying for an upcoming exam in your Korean class or the TOPIK exam that includes essay writing?

If you are at an intermediate to advanced level, you should become familiar with some Korean transitional phrases to make your paragraphs more interesting to read. A transitional phrase can be used to make your message transition smoothly from one sentence to the next.

If you just write a string of sentences without any transitional phrases, your essay can end up sounding awkward and robotic without a natural flow.

In this article, I have compiled a list of 30 Korean transitional phrases that will prove very useful for you to have in your writing arsenal.

Korean Transitional Phrases

그래서	And
그러나	But
그렇지만	But
하지만	But
그래도	Even so,
이처럼	As such, like this, to this extent
반면에	On the other hand,
오히려	On the contrary,
따라서	Therefore, accordingly,
특히	Especially, in particular
또한	Additionally,
게다가	In addition to that,
그뿐만 아니라	Not only that,
그 외에도	Besides that,
그 결과	As a result,
다시 말해서	In other words,
만약	If for any reason
그렇다면	If that is the case,
그때	At that time,
그 당시	Around that time,
그 후에	Thereafter,
그 전에	Before that, previous to that,
우선	First (before anything else),
예를 들어	As an example,
무엇보다도	Above all else,
물론	Of course,
당연히	Naturally,
따지고 보면	After all, logically speaking, arguably,
어떻게 보면	Depending on how you look at it,
그럼에도 불구하고	In spite of that, nonetheless,

Below are some examples of these phrases I have found in recent articles that appeared in Woman Sense , a women’s magazine in Korea.

I have underlined and highlighted where transitional phrases are used, but you can use the links provided to read through the rest of the articles to find more on your own:

From Woman Sense magazine article about Taiwan (2/16/2020):

이처럼 대만에서 채식이 보편화된 이유는 종교와 관련이 있다. 대만의 일류 호텔에서 채식 케이터링을 담당하는 요리사 임언보 씨는 “내가 채식에 관심을 갖게 된 이유는 종교 때문”이라며 “채식 요리를 업으로 삼고 있는 나 역시 채식을 하고 있다”고 말한다. 현재 대만에는 70%의 도교 및 불교 신자가 살고 있다. 따라서 채식 문화가 잘 정립돼 있고 더불어 채식이 트렌드가 되면서 젊은 층 사이에서 건강과 환경을 위해 채식을 하려는 움직임 또한 늘고 있다.

이처럼 대만에서 채식이 보편화된 이유는... The reason the vegetarian diet has become widespread to this extent is... 따라서 채식 문화가 잘 정립돼 있고... Therefore, the vegetarian culture is well established...

From Woman Sense magazine aricle about South Korean actor Park Jung-min (2/17/2020):

따지고 보면 그는 작품의 흥행 여부와 상관없이 스크린 속에서 한 번도 관객을 실망시킨 적이 없다. <파수꾼>(2010), <동주>(2015), <그것만이 내 세상>(2018), <사바하>(2019)를 거쳐 노랑머리 반항가가 된 영화 <시동>까지 늘 그랬다.

따지고 보면 그는 작품의 흥행 여부와 상관없이 스크린 속에서 한 번도 관객을 실망시킨 적이 없다.

It can be argued that he has never disappointed his audience on screen regardless of his films’ blockbuster status.

특히 <시동> 은…

In particular, “Start-Up” (movie) is...

From Woman Sense magazine article about the older generation in the spotlight (2/7/2020):

이들이 최근 주목받는 이유는 기본적으로 인구 변화 추이가 한몫했기 때문. 출산율이 현저히 낮아지면서 젊은 인구가 감소하는 대신 50~60대는 전체 인구의 30%에 육박하고 있다. 게다가 최근 IT 기술에 이들이 적응하기 시작하면서 요즘 몇 년간 온라인에서 가장 성장 속도가 빠른 구매층이기도 하다.

게다가 최근 IT 기술에 이들이 적응하기 시작하면서...

In addition to that, as they started to become more skilled in the latest information technology...

From Woman Sense magazine article about the importance of breakfast (1/29/2020):

아침을 잘 챙겨 먹으면 규칙적인 생활을 유지할 확률이 높아진다. 오전에 활동량이 많으므로 아침을 먹으면 에너지를 얻어 활동적인 하루를 보내게 된다. 특히 겨울에는 체온을 높이는 데도 도움을 줘 건강을 유지하는 데 좋다. 아침을 거르고 활동하면 몸은 활동에 필요한 에너지를 얻기 위해 체내 지방을 분해하는데, 이때 포도당과 젖산이 생성된다. 젖산은 몸의 피로도를 높이고 면역력을 떨어뜨린다. 그렇다면 아침으로 무엇을 먹으면 좋을까?

Especially in winter…

이때 포도당과 젖산이 생성된다.

At this time, glucose and lactic acid are created.

This is when glucose and lactic acid are created.

그렇다면 아침으로 무엇을 먹으면 좋을까?

If that is the case, what would be the best food to eat for breakfast?

Other useful Korean words and phrases you could check out:

Basic Korean Phrases for Travelers and Beginners

Korean Words and Phrases For Food Issues

In order to become more familiar with the above Korean transitional phrases, you should practice writing a variety of different sentences using the words/phrases listed.

I also want to emphasize how important it is for you to read other people’s writing as much as possible. As with any language, the more you read, the better you will become at writing. Try to find Korean books, magazines, newspapers, or any other types of written material that are appropriate for your level.

열심히 공부하세요! 화이팅!!

About the Author Linda McKenna

Linda was born in Seoul, South Korea, and moved to the U.S. as a teen. She previously taught at a Korean language school. She is a language enthusiast and loves learning about different languages and cultures

Korean writing – How to form syllable blocks and words

Last modified: Jul 03, 2024 | 7 min read | By Laura Toyryla

Korean writing, at first glance, may appear to be similar to Chinese or Japanese , especially if this is a new language to you. But upon a closer look, especially with a piece of text in each language placed next to each other, it’s easy to see Korean is quite different.

It's an image of a hand with a pencil writing on a piece of paper

Some may even be mind-blown when they realize that Korean isn’t written by characters but with their own alphabetic system. This can certainly gain one’s interest in how Korean writing works.

This article aims to offer you an overview of how to write words in Korean and, eventually, full sentences to help with your Korean fluency .

Below is a free PDF guide that you can download and take with you:

1.1 Chinese vs Japanese vs Korean writing
1.2 The Korean alphabet
1.3 Hangeul stroke order
2.1 Basic rules of forming Korean syllables
2.2 How to easily create Korean syllable blocks?
2.3 Korean writing practice with syllable blocks

Introduction to the Korean writing system

Before we head on to the system of Korean writing, it’s best to take note of the following important points.

Chinese vs Japanese vs Korean writing

In a beginner’s eyes, writing systems look the same and can often be confusing to learn. The difference between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean writing can sometimes be hard to distinguish at first glance. Thankfully, compared to Japanese and Chinese, Korean is much easier to learn.

The Chinese writing system uses characters or a combination of writing systems. Similarly, the Japanese writing system uses Hiragana, Katakana , and Kanji . On the other hand, Korean has a set of alphabets they use for everything, and that’s it. It should only take you a few hours at most to learn and memorize each letter !

The Korean alphabet

The Korean alphabet is comprised of Hangul consonants and Korean vowels. There are 14 Korean consonants and 10 Korean vowels , plus some additional combinations.

If you’d like to know how to write Korean letters , you can start by learning the Korean alphabet together with us. You’ll also find a Korean Alphabet Chart in our article. This resource is helpful even if Korean is a new language to you. If you have to go check out the Korean alphabet article first, don’t fret – it only takes a little bit of your time to learn Hangeul, and then you can come back here!

Hangeul stroke order

If you’ve already concluded that step and learned about the stroke order, you can continue diving deeper into the Korean writing system.

As you learn Hangul, do take the time to learn the specific stroke order of each letter . After that, you’ll finally be ready to practice more aspects of the writing system with us in this article!

South Korea also uses Chinese characters called hanja , but they are not used as widely. These Chinese characters have Korean pronunciations. You may want to learn them for fun, but they’re not essential for survival .

Korean syllable blocks

Writing in Korean is done through syllables. That means that while each Korean or Hangul alphabet is its own letter, none of them appear alone. Instead, two or more of the Korean alphabet letters are constructed into one block. Therefore, each Korean word also comprises one or more syllables.

Basic rules of forming Korean syllables

There are numerous ways each letter can be combined into a syllable. However, there are certain rules for constructing the letters within a syllable.

Start with a consonant

The first rule of thumb is that each syllable block begins with a consonant. This means that when the syllable technically only consists of a vowel, it gets combined together with the letter ㅇ, so the first letter is still a consonant—for example, the Korean vowel ㅏis not written as ㅏ but as 아.

Although the letter ㅇ normally has an “ng” sound, in these instances, it’s quiet and simply added there due to the Korean writing rules. Of course, no syllable can exist without at least one vowel included, either.

Consider the vowel placement

The way each syllable is constructed depends on the vowel used. If it’s a vertical vowel, in other words, ㅣ, ㅏ, ㅓ, and so on, then the initial consonant is placed on the left side of the vowel.

If the vowel is horizontal, so ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅗ, and so on, then the first consonant should be placed above the vowel. Additionally, it is possible to have one final consonant, two final consonants, or none. Below we have illustrated possible block combinations of syllables.

It is not formed in a horizontal line

To illustrate further, when you write using Latin characters and many otherworldly languages, you will simply place each letter in a sequence. Like this:

K + O + R + E + A = Korea.

However, in the Korean language, you will have to place them into specific blocks, which together then form the word.

So, in the case of the same word, but in Korean, it would look like this:

ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ ㄱ + ㅜ + ㄱ = 한국.

This is an excellent example of forming the block using both a vertical vowel and a horizontal vowel.

As you may notice, writing it as ㅎㅏㄴㄱㅜㄱ wouldn’t even make any sense. Therefore, using blocks to write comprehensively makes the most sense.

How to easily create Korean syllable blocks?

Now that we have covered the basic rules of writing syllables, it’s time to start looking at practical examples of them. By learning Korean and practicing this, you establish a great foundation of writing skills in Korean.

Step 1: Figure out which vowel you are using

As the vowel used in the syllable determines the placement of the Korean consonants, this is your starting point for building one. Are you using a horizontal or vertical vowel?

Step 2: Determine whether your syllable ends with a vowel or a consonant

If the syllable ends with a vowel, you will only need two letters to complete it. However, if you add one or two consonants after the vowel, you need to leave space for them below the first two letters in the syllable.

Step 3: Create the syllable block

Now that you have determined the ingredients of the syllable block, you can “fill in the blanks,” so to speak. Note that English and other language sounds are unreliable for telling you how each block should be formed. Hence, it’s best for you to master Korean pronunciation while forming syllables.

Korean writing practice with syllable blocks

Now that you know the rules for writing a word and have a step-by-step guide for creating them, it’s time to start your writing practice!

First and foremost, practice reading and writing syllables with only one consonant and vowel, as presented below. This is how Korean children learn to read and write, too.

Initial Consonant	Syllables
ㄱ	가갸거겨고교구규그기
ㄴ	나냐너녀노뇨누뉴느니
ㄷ	다댜더뎌도됴두듀드디
ㄹ	라랴러려로료루류르리
ㅁ	마먀머며모묘무뮤므미
ㅂ	바뱌버벼보뵤부뷰브비
ㅅ	사샤서셔소쇼수슈스시
ㅇ	아야어여오요우유으이
ㅈ	자쟈저져조죠주쥬즈지
ㅊ	차챠처쳐초쵸추츄츠치
ㅋ	카캬커켜코쿄쿠큐크키
ㅌ	타탸터텨토툐투튜트티
ㅍ	파퍄퍼펴포표 푸퓨프피
ㅎ	하햐허혀호효후휴흐히

Writing words with one syllable

Of course, many blocks of syllables include 3 or even 4 Korean letters. You can practice forming these blocks first for one-syllable words before moving on to more complex ones. Below are a few examples of their romanized Korean version .

English	Hangeul syllables formed	Romanization
Rain	ㅂ + ㅣ = 비	bi
Dog	ㄱ + ㅐ = 개	gae
Second	ㅊ + ㅗ = 초	cho
Door	ㅁ + ㅜ + ㄴ = 문	mun
Horse	ㅁ + ㅏ + ㄹ = 말	mal
	ㅇ + ㅙ = 왜	wae
Leaf	ㅇ + ㅣ + ㅍ = 잎	ip
Chicken	ㄷ + ㅏ + ㄹ + ㄱ = 닭	dak

In the case of the last word, 닭 (dak | chicken) , you may have noticed we also come across some specific pronunciation rules. When there are two final consonants, one may become a silent one, as in this example.

How to practice writing Korean syllable blocks

However, the pronunciation also depends on which syllable follows it. Thus, depending on the word as a whole, the ㄱ may also become audible while ㄹ will become silent, or they may both get pronounced! You can start learning Korean pronunciation with our guide, which has been linked above.

Writing words with two or more syllables

Next, let’s go over some longer words for practice.

English	Hangeul syllables formed	Romanization
Bedroom	ㅊ + ㅣ + ㅁ + ㅅ +ㅣ + ㄹ = 침실	chimsil
Laptop	ㄴ + ㅗ + ㅌ + ㅡ + ㅂ + ㅜ + ㄱ = 노트북	noteubuk
Penguin	ㅍ + ㅔ + ㄴ + ㄱ + ㅟ + ㄴ = 펜귄	pengwin
To eat	ㅁ + ㅓ + ㄱ + ㄷ + ㅏ = 먹다	meokda
To borrow	ㅂ + ㅣ + ㄹ + ㄹ + ㅣ + ㄷ + ㅏ = 빌리다	billida
To prepare	ㅈ + ㅜ + ㄴ + ㅂ + ㅣ + ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄷ + ㅏ = 준비하다	junbihada
To like	ㅈ + ㅗ + ㅎ + ㅇ + ㅏ + ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄷ + ㅏ = 좋아하다	joahada
To dislike	ㅅ + ㅣ + ㄹ + ㅎ + ㅇ + ㅓ + ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄷ + ㅏ = 싫어하다	sileohada

By now, you should be properly familiar with the Korean alphabet letters and how to form syllables and Korean words. If you are also well-versed in pronouncing Korean words, then creating those syllables presented above should be easy.

Now that you have better knowledge of writing in Korean , you can practice writing different words and even your Korean name! If you don’t have one yet, learn how to have your own Korean name through our full article about it here .

Next up on your road toward Korean fluency is writing practice on those Korean blocks! Perhaps you could do so with the help of our article on the most common Korean words and nouns ? Also, let us know what you thought of the Korean way to construct syllable blocks in the comments!

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20 thoughts on “Korean writing – How to form syllable blocks and words”

Same question as I had before but with “ㄹ“ how will I know when it makes an “l” sound or an “r” sound? How can I tell?

Hi! The ㄹ is a unique sound. It’s not an R or an L exactly. It can be a range of sounds between R, L, or an R/L blend. Koreans don’t distinguish between R and L, it’s the same sound to them. Therefore, when you’re pronouncing the ㄹ, You can use R, L, or R/L.

How do I know when “ㄱ” will be pronounced with a “g” or a “k” sound? How can I tell?

The ㄱ can be a “G”, “K”, or a blend between the two. Korean sounds don’t match 100% with English sounds. A simple way to think of Korean letters is that they have sounds that are similar to some English sounds, but they have a range of sounds that can be produced. ^^

Also, when writing 소녀 (girl), can you write it as 소녀 and s ontop of o and n and then you with a O and then you? Does it matter which way?

Hi Roby! If you change the way it’s written, that means that it won’t be read as “girl”. For example, if you write 손여, it wouldn’t be read as “girl”.

Hi, I’ve been using Duolingo and the website to learn Hangul but there’s one thing I don’t understand. How do I know if the letters are going to be one on top of the other, 3 or 4? 서 (2) 삼 (3) 없 (4) Hope this makes sense, thank you

When a syllable ends with a consonant, you would put the initial consonant and vowel on top of the final consonant. ^^

Hello i have read your note above but still i couldn’t understand is that 1) how do we write in hangul if consonant is followed by another consonant and not a vowel 2) how do we write in hangul if the vowel is followed by another vowel next to it 3) for example in writing paris pari in korean its written as 파리 Why i thought it would be 팔 ㅣ 4) how do u suggest to hold the writing system for one word with different hangul like for Key its 키 or 열 쇠 how should i learn that quickly

Hi, If you are asking when writing English words into Korean, there are a few rule for them. If consonant is followed by another consonant and not a vowel, you can add ㅡ. e.g. desk-> 데스크. Korean letters always start with a consonant. And they can end with both a vowel or consonant. If the vowel is followed by another vowel next to it, you can add ㅇ. e.g. boy -> 보이, pari -> 파리 or 팔이. For words like 키 and 열쇠, you can use either one. There are many Korean words like that, so you can pick whichever is easier for you to learn. ^^

Choose your skill level and start getting fast results with your Korean:

A Comparative Approach to Learning Korean

My Korean Language Study Plan

Explaining my korean language study plan.

I thought that I’d share my Korean language study plan to give a better idea of exactly how I’m going to go about learning Korean. Before that, as a sort of a disclaimer, it might be worth repeating what I mentioned in my first post about the fact that I’m not in a hurry to get good at Korean. That’s why you won’t see any mention of hard deadlines as part of this study plan. This whole studying Korean thing is purely for fun and I want it to be zero stress. I know that I’m taking a really laid back approach that might not work for everyone, but I’m pretty confident about it for myself.

The first part of my Korean language study plan as of right now is fairly orthodox. There are basically four things I will tackle in the very beginning:

Alphabet ( Hangul )
Pronunciation
Basic Greetings and Phrases

As you can see, before anything else, I need to learn the alphabet, or Hangul .

Learning the alphabet is usually the place most people start in any language. It’s not just about laying the foundation for reading and writing, but getting used to how the language sounds (listening) and learning correct pronunciation (speaking). In that way #1 and #2 on my list are essentially paired together.

Next I plan to move on to some essential greetings and phrases. Things like “hello” or “how are you?” or “my name is…”. In most cases, when studying a foreign language, even before you learn grammar, you typically learn basic greetings or everyday expressions. In some cases, the grammar behind these sayings is something you might not get taught until much later.

For example in Japanese you might learn the phrase お元気ですか？ [ ogenki desu ka? ] as the Japanese equivalent of “how are you?” What you may not learn for a while however, is the reason for the prefix お- or how this prefix plus -です marks this as a polite way of speaking, as opposed to an informal way of speaking that looks and sounds different.

Imagine trying to explain this grammar to an absolute beginner, “What the heck is -です even? ‘Copula?’ I have never heard that word in my entire life. Okay, so what does か mean? ‘Particle?’ What’s a particle?” These are not concepts a monolingual English speaker would typically know. Additionally, although the Kanji for genki are among the first you would encounter and learn in a Japanese class, you might instead see it written in hiragana [げんき] depending on the textbook you are using. Not to mention, at this stage you still probably haven’t even fully grasped exactly why Japanese has three writing systems (in addition to romanization). Anyways, the main point I’m trying to make here is that sometimes with learning a new language you simply have to memorize some things first and the understanding comes later. I think this is perfectly fine though.

Finally, rounding out these first four things in my Korean language study plan is numbers. This would include basic arithmetic words like “add” and “subtract.” I would also go ahead and add in various counters while I’m at it. I already know that this concept exists, because Japanese has them too, and I think it makes a lot of sense to touch on them while learning numbers in Korean. Even if I don’t have them fully memorized it will help to have seen and heard some of the more common counters.

Deviating from the Norm

Up until this point my Korean language study plan probably seems similar to how any beginner’s class might be structured. But once I have the alphabet and pronunciation down, I’m going to jump right into sentence patterns, regardless of “level of difficulty.” The reason I want to do this is to take advantage of the similarities between Japanese and Korean grammar. Basically I will be looking for the Korean language equivalent to Japanese language sentence patterns.

Vocabulary will go hand in hand with grammar. When I find a sentence pattern or grammatical structure I want to study I’ll look for words that I use in that sentence and study those as well. I’ll keep a list and review the vocabulary when I practice the sentence pattern. This adds a level of personalization to my language studies, instead of studying vocabulary lists that accompany lessons in a textbook, which may not have a lot of practical use for me. If I am going to be looking at vocabulary lists, I think it would be much better to just look at the most common words used in writing and speaking instead. At least then I’d be learning things which would be immediately useful for reading or speaking.

When I was learning Japanese I remember starting to learn conjugations right after the first 4 things I talked about. I don’t really like this approach, and having the background I do with Japanese nowadays, it doesn’t make much sense for me either, as the way I’ve outlined above is probably easier for me.

My real issue with this way of doing things is that you essentially learn conjugations in isolation. In the early stages it’s a given that you don’t have the grammar or vocabulary to truly see the whole picture of the language. Perhaps it can be overwhelming, in fact it probably is for some people, but I’d always prefer to start off seeing what the completed puzzle should look like first and then be given the individual pieces to try and put it together.

I also don’t want to just sit around learning how to conjugate the equivalent of verbs, adjectives, and nouns for various different vocabulary words and only THEN move onto actually making sentences. That’s way too boring and too much rote memorization to start with. Conjugations are definitely important in learning sentence patterns, but I will deal with that as I come across instances where I need to conjugate.

The Role of Textbooks in My Studies

Textbooks, and classes built around them, generally introduce grammar and vocabulary through themes to a chapter or lesson such as, “introducing yourself” or “at the grocery store.”

Furthermore, textbooks like to take a gradual or linear approach to teaching you grammar, introducing more complex patterns as you get more fluent. On top of that, the number of grammar points is usually limited as the majority of people using the textbook or studying the language will not have learned another language before.

This makes sense in most cases. I can see the argument in favor of this way of learning, especially if you are going from an SVO language (e.g. English) to an SOV language (e.g. Japanese) as I originally did. But my starting point is different, so I have to go about studying differently too. I am not expecting there to be a textbook made for someone who fits my profile, as it’s not going to be a big enough audience to make it worth the publishers’ and authors’ time.

What I’m really using a textbook for, besides learning the alphabet and the most basic grammar, is to get an idea for structure and ideas of things I might want to study, just not exactly in the way the book teaches. Textbooks might have explanations for grammar that are really well done, in the cases where it’s not the same in Japanese or similar to one in English and it’s totally new to me this could be really nice to have. That being said though, whatever textbook I ultimately choose isn’t going to be my main source for grammar. I’ll be using a separate, dedicated grammar dictionary for that.

Finally, since I’m not taking a class I’m also limited in my ability to use the pair-work speaking exercises that usually are a big part of each lesson within language textbooks. So that’s another reason textbooks aren’t really going to be what my studies are built around.

You can read more about my thoughts on this topic in my post about Korean textbooks for beginners .

Outline of My Korean Language Study Plan

To recap here is an outline of my study plan as I begin my Korean language studies:

Grammar and Sentence Patterns
Conjugations

Looking at this list, I’m actually surprised myself and thinking, “Is that it?” I definitely remember Japanese at least feeling more complex than this. Yes, there was Kanji and the whole learning a different way of structuring sentences to wrap my head around, but looking back it’s always seemed as if things were made to be far more complicated than they needed to be.

I know that I’ve simplified things in my study plan to an extent – for example grammar and sentence patterns encompass a lot of different concepts, such as particles – but, as I see it, this pretty much covers all there is to it for me as far as studying the Korean language is concerned. The next steps are all about applying what I’ve learned.

My next steps in my Korean language journey will be putting to use the things I’ve studied, focusing primarily on reading and listening since I’m self-studying. Doing things like practicing reading (maybe online news or articles) and watching tv shows or listening to music. Eventually I’ll probably need to look into language exchanges or meetups to get speaking practice. As for writing, I’m just going to be practicing in my notes when making vocab lists or writing down grammar. I don’t plan on practicing essays or whatnot for now. I know everything you do in another language reinforces other aspects of said language, but again, I’m not going for absolute max efficiency at all times. Not to mention, I rate writing as my lowest priority when it comes to Korean. I’d much rather focus on the other aspects such as speaking, listening, and reading.

Final Thoughts on My Korean Language Study Plan

The interesting thing about learning a foreign language is that once you progress beyond what I’d call the beginner and early intermediate stages, the only things that are really left for you to do are keep studying grammar and building up your vocabulary. Going beyond that, advanced learners and non-native, but fluent, speakers only have vocabulary to worry about – because vocabulary is practically endless – which is where the idea of language learning being a lifetime endeavor typically comes from. As testament to this fact, I still learn a couple new Japanese words almost every week (usually they aren’t that common or all that useful words, but my point still stands).

As I’ve said before, this study plan is really catered to my needs and based on my capabilities and knowledge of language. But, I want to use this as an example to show there are so many ways to approach learning a language.

After being taught by so many different teachers and professors, and I’m not just talking about the Japanese language, I know what I like and what works for me. For those who don’t have as much experience, I would encourage you to try out lots of different methods, and I mean like really give them a chance, then go with what produces the best results or how you enjoy studying.

Which Beginner Korean Textbook To Choose

Welcome to Korean Chronicles

Korean Culture: History and Principles Essay

To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
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As a template for you assignment

Korean culture is historically strongly connected to the Chinese culture. In fact, China has influenced almost every aspect of Korean culture, such as religion, language, and education. In religion, the most widespread confession, Buddhism, came from China during the Three Kingdoms period. In language, Chinese characters became the basis for the Korean writing system. In education, the first recorded schools were founded by Confucian classics. Although this may be true, Korea has its unique features and traditions taken from other cultures that have a more significant impact on Korean society today.

Buddhism has become an integral part of Korean civilization despite the fact that it originated in India. Although most of the Koreans do not belong to any confession, a considerable part of Korea’s population consider themselves Buddhists. Buddhism is a religion founded in 550 BC by an Indian prince Sakyamuni, who is believed to have found a way to overcome human suffering. Buddhism was entered to Korean peninsula in about 333 AD and soon became the state religion. Buddhism’s contributions to literature, art, philosophy, and architecture are tremendous.

In 1860 Ch’oe Che-u introduced a unique ideology called Tonghak. The other name of the religion is Heavenly Way, and it is based upon a sole statement that man is heaven and heaven is man. It means that Ch’oe believed that there is no external God, but only God that is inside of every person. Therefore, people can go to heaven if they treat their neighbor as if God is a part of everyone.

Despite the contributions Buddhism has made to shaping Korean civilization and defending Korean territory in the past, Buddhists have generally not been major players in the 20th century. Today, Christianity plays a far greater role than any other religion in the country. Therefore, while heaving deep historical roots in Buddhism, people of Korea tend to embrace Christianity in the pursuit of modernization.

Korean is one of the top 20 languages in the world in terms of the number of speakers. Korean belongs to the Tungstic branch of the Altaic language family, which includes Turkish, Mongolian, and Tungus. Although some dialects can still be heard in several administrative regions, South Korea shows a tendency towards the widespread use of the standard language. Besides, for Koreans, it is essential to speak honorific, as interpersonal communication is judged more by how one says something than by what one says.

The Korean alphabet, Hangul, was created in 1443 during the reign of King Sejong (1418-1450); before that the Koreans used Chinese characters. The language and literature, like all the other parts of Korean culture, have been greatly influenced by China. According to the Great Dictionary compiled by the Korean Language Society, Korean vocabulary of Chinese origin accounts for more than half (54%) of the words in use today. In brief, the Korean language is a synthesis of Chinese roots and modern developments.

Korean education has been an essential component of culture. On the one hand, classical approach to education deeply embedded in religious teachings of Buddhism and Confucianism. On the other hand, modern Christian approach to learning with an emphasis on sciences and technology was introduced recently. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that Korean education is a unique mixture of long-lasting tradition and present-day tendencies.

Cultural principles affect not only personal lives, but also business. The predominant features of the Korean culture are deep historical roots, strong connections with China in all aspects, and consistent modernization. In conclusion, in their strive to understand Koreans, people are to realize the rare fusion of tradition and innovation that is presented in Korean culture makes it rather progressive and unique.

Chinese Han Dynasty: Comparing to the Japanese Culture
Syrian Culture. Embroidery, Ceramics and Pottery
A Travel Into the Korean Culture: 2012 Korean Festival in Houston
The History of Korean American Immigration Experience
Korea as a link between the continent and Japan
The Japanese Culture and Ecological Interests
Chinese New Year Superstition as a Reflection of Our Hopes and Fears
Arab Masculinity and Nationalism, on the Example of Two Novels
Hip Hop Culture and Music
Comparing the USA, China, Japan and the United Kingdom Cultures
Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2022, January 20). Korean Culture: History and Principles. https://ivypanda.com/essays/korean-culture-history-and-principles/

"Korean Culture: History and Principles." IvyPanda , 20 Jan. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/korean-culture-history-and-principles/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'Korean Culture: History and Principles'. 20 January.

IvyPanda . 2022. "Korean Culture: History and Principles." January 20, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/korean-culture-history-and-principles/.

1. IvyPanda . "Korean Culture: History and Principles." January 20, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/korean-culture-history-and-principles/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Korean Culture: History and Principles." January 20, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/korean-culture-history-and-principles/.

Key to Korean Motivation & Resources for Learning Korean

TOPIK Beginner Writing Samples (Tests 21-30)

One of the BEST things I ever studied while preparing for the TOPIK test was the sample answers that the TOPIK website provides.

TOPIK-Beginner Writing Topics & Samples (21-30).DOCX

So, I’ve decided to collect ALL the previous TOPIK Writing topics and examples provided by www.topik.go.kr into a single document. However, since there are so many, I’ve decided to split the larger document into 2 smaller parts with 10 previous tests each (TOPIK Writing began from test 10).

Take a look:

Why were these writing samples so great?

Simply, I could see some of the grammar structures and vocabulary that would give me more points on the test if I used them. Take test 29 for example. In the fourth sentence, it says:

시내에는 볼 것도 많고 맛있는 것도 많이 있기 때문입니다.

When preparing, ~기 때문입니다 (because of doing something) was one of the most useful things I learned. I made it my mission from then on to use either ~기 때문입니다 or ~때문에 (because of) in my TOPIK writing at some point.

Take a look also at the second sentence:

저는 운동을 좋아해서 친구들을 만나면 집 근처에 있는 운동장에서 농구 나 축구를 합니다.

The sentence basically says: “Since I like to exercise, if I meet my friends, we like to play basketball or soccer at the playground near my house.”

This is a great sentence to use “since” (~서) and “if” (~면) and “or” (나) and “nearby” (근처에 있는) – or any combination of the four.

Those are just a few examples of the kinds of great grammar structures you can find, learn from, and practice as you prepare for TOPIK. And if you want more help TOPIK Writing resources for Beginners, check out the following:

TOPIK Beginner Writing Topics & Tips (한국어능력시험 초급 쓰기)

How have the TOPIK sample answers helped you on TOPIK?

120 Days to TOPIK #1 – Gather Resources

Gather your resources! This is one of my favorite parts of any new Challenge because it can be fun to look over the kinds of materials you WANT to use and the kinds of things you WANT to learn (plus, Continue reading 120 Days to TOPIK #1 – Gather Resources

How I Will Study for the TOPIK II in 120 Days (and You Can Join Me)

Well, that was unexpected. I recently wrote a post outlining my plan to cram for the TOPIK II in 30 days. I had been planning to take the test on July 19, 2015. But, I guess plans change. As it turns Continue reading How I Will Study for the TOPIK II in 120 Days (and You Can Join Me)

South Korea: an Amazing Country

Categories: South Korea

About this sample

Words: 828 |

Published: Aug 30, 2022

Words: 828 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Works Cited:

Haggis, P. (Director). (2004). Crash [Motion Picture]. United States: Lions Gate Films.
Kellner, D. (2006). Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture. Film-Philosophy, 10(1), 1-18.
Leavy, P. (2008). The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press.
Liu, J. H., & Hilton, D. J. (2005). Stereotypes and prejudice: Key readings. Psychology Press.
Martin, M. (2006). Crash: Racism and Hysteria in America. Screen Education, (40), 43-48.
Nakagawa, S. (2006). A Review of the Movie Crash. The Japanese Journal of American Studies, (17), 299-303.
Nayar, P. K. (2009). An interview with Paul Haggis. Post Script: Essays in Film and the Humanities, 28(2), 28-36.
Ponniah, S. (2011). Race and racism in Paul Haggis's Crash: A cultural analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(6), 260-268.
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Vintage Books.
Shohat, E., & Stam, R. (1994). Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media. Routledge.

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South Korean Culture

This essay about South Korean culture explores its evolution from traditional roots to its status in the modern world. It highlights the influence of Confucian values, traditional elements like the hanbok and Korean cuisine, and cultural festivals such as Chuseok. Additionally, it examines South Korea’s contemporary global influence through the Korean Wave, including K-pop and cinema. The piece illustrates the seamless integration of tradition and modernity in South Korea, emphasizing its cultural resilience and global significance.

How it works

South Korea, often called the “Land of the Morning Calm,” presents a unique blend of historical richness and contemporary vibrancy. This essay delves into the diverse elements of South Korean culture, tracing its evolution from deep-rooted traditions to its modern-day global cultural stature.

Central to South Korea’s cultural identity are its age-old traditions, underpinned by Confucian principles such as respect for elders, familial loyalty, and societal harmony. These principles are woven into the fabric of Korean life, influencing everything from family dynamics to social interactions.

The hanbok, with its beautiful colors and elegant lines, stands as a powerful symbol of Korean heritage. More than just traditional clothing, the hanbok reflects the cultural ideals of grace and humility, and its vibrant designs celebrate prosperity and good fortune.

Korean cuisine also plays a crucial role in the nation’s culture, characterized by its intense flavors and varied textures. Dishes like kimchi, which uses fermented vegetables, and bibimbap, a versatile rice dish, exemplify Korea’s agricultural heritage and the communal aspect of its food culture, where meals are a time for sharing and unity.

South Korea’s cultural calendar features numerous festivals that highlight its communal spirit and cultural legacy. Chuseok, the Korean harvest festival, symbolizes family unity and respect for ancestors with its traditional foods and folk games. Similarly, the Lunar New Year, or Seollal, is a festive time of family reunions and cultural rituals that strengthen communal ties and ensure the passage of heritage to new generations.

In the realm of modernity, South Korea is a leader in innovation and global culture. The Korean Wave, or Hallyu, has made Korean media a staple worldwide, with K-pop groups like BTS and BLACKPINK leading the charge. This musical genre mixes Korean and Western influences, showcasing South Korea’s knack for hybridization and international appeal.

Korean cinema, too, has made significant inroads globally, with films like “Parasite” by Bong Joon-ho achieving international acclaim and awards, demonstrating Korea’s capacity to produce resonant and globally relevant stories.

Modern South Korea is a place where traditional and contemporary elements intersect seamlessly. Seoul, the capital, epitomizes this blend, with historical palaces and modern skyscrapers coexisting. Traditional hanok houses, now often used as cultural centers or lodgings, epitomize the balance between preserving the old and embracing the new.

Contemporary interests such as K-beauty and e-sports thrive alongside traditional arts like tea ceremonies and taekwondo, reflecting a society that values both its history and its progression into the future.

South Korea’s culture is a dynamic mix of historical traditions and modern influences, making it a rich, vibrant tapestry that continues to evolve. As it embraces the challenges and opportunities of globalization and technological advancements, South Korea remains deeply connected to its cultural roots, showcasing a unique blend of resilience, innovation, and pride. This balance not only defines its cultural identity but also positions it as a significant player on the global stage.

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Exploring why k-pop and korean wave is so popular.

Intro Hello everyone. Today I will be discussing how the integration of social media into Kpop fandoms, particularly through video streaming platforms like Youtube, has affected fan participatory culture, by altering the interaction and behaviours of fandoms and the distribution of Korean content throughout the...

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Taekwondo: Korean Art of Defending Yourself and Your Loved Ones

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Effects of Patronizing Korean Pop (KPOP) Songs in the Philippine Music Industry

Abstract Philippine music, with its famous OPM and other genres of music brought by the influence of the westerners, have been affected when foreign music like Korean pop songs became famous to the Filipinos. It has been affected in a sense that only a few...

The Importance to Appreciate Korean Culture in the Medical Field

In the medical field, there are many different cultures, religions that you are going to run into that face different beliefs, backgrounds that you may not understand. One example is the Korean culture. Even though a majority of Korean people understand and speak English you...

Alternative Medicine
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The International Profit and Dependancy of the Korean War

The major downfall of the European and American forces is that they underestimated the Asian forces, and the willingness of China to fight in protection of its interests. They saw the Koreans as an inferior people, and this prejudice led them to believe that they...

International Politics

The Pattern of Korean Migration to Philippines

Looking at it from a national-level perspective, Kutsumi (2004), studies the formation of social organization and offers some estimates of the magnitude of Korean migration to the whole of the Philippines. Using data obtained from the Annual Report of Statistics on Immigration and Emigration Control...

Philippines

Comparing And Contrasting Cultures: Korean Culture And Caribbean Hispanics

I find the Korean culture very interesting because my favorite food to eat is Korean bbq and I would love to learn more about their culture. According to statistics, the international diabetes federation lists the prevalence of diabetes in Korea in 2003 as 5% to...

Destination Image Of Ho Chi Minh City By Korean Tourists

During the past few decades, destination image (DI) has been extensively defined in literature from a psychological perspective. In the tourism literature, destination image has been defined by a range of specific keywords, as mental impressions, knowledge, beliefs, expectations, ideas, perceptions, and emotional thoughts of...

My Tour Of The Korean DMZ

The Korean DMZ is a 2.5-mile wide border that spans the 160-mile long peninsula between North and South Korea. Leading up to WWII, the Japanese controlled the Korean peninsula. Later, the area was predominantly communist with hopes of expanding throughout the entire area. However, that...

The Crucial Aspects Of South Korean Business

Introduction As the international affairs officer for Fontana Technologies, I was tasked with the responsibility of determining what country would be best suited for our 2019 expansion. After analyzing a number of socioeconomic components, South Korea is the location that compliments the needs as well...

Microeconomics

Best topics on Korean

1. Exploring Why K-pop And Korean Wave Is So Popular

2. Taekwondo: Korean Art of Defending Yourself and Your Loved Ones

3. The Impending Danger of the Korean War and Desire for Peace

4. The Influence of Political Parties on the Development of Korean Culture and Society

5. Portrayal and Depiction of Women in the Korean Literature Influenced by the Korean War

6. Effects of Patronizing Korean Pop (KPOP) Songs in the Philippine Music Industry

7. The Importance to Appreciate Korean Culture in the Medical Field

8. The International Profit and Dependancy of the Korean War

9. The Pattern of Korean Migration to Philippines

10. Comparing And Contrasting Cultures: Korean Culture And Caribbean Hispanics

11. Destination Image Of Ho Chi Minh City By Korean Tourists

12. My Tour Of The Korean DMZ

13. The Crucial Aspects Of South Korean Business

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Narrative Essay: My Trip to South Korea

I had always wanted to visit South Korea and I recently had the chance to spend a week in this amazing country. Unlike its northern neighbor which is pretty much closed to visitors, South Korea is a welcoming and hospitable country. It is an interesting place with a unique culture and a highly developing economy.

I flew into the capital Seoul. On arrival in the city, it was the marked contrast between modern skyscrapers and high design shopping malls and shanty towns that was immediately striking. Wide streets lined by fancy boutiques lead to a labyrinth of narrow alleyways with tiny traditional shops and eateries and there is a clutch of great tourist attractions.

My tour itinerary began on Seoul’s main boulevard, Sejongro, because I wanted to see the Royal Palace (Gyeongbok), the President’s residence, known as Cheongwadae or the Blue House, and the American Embassy. From here it’s a fairly short walk to Bukchon where there is the city’s largest collection of privately owned traditional wooden houses. It’s a charm with beautiful architecture and small courtyards, with the houses interspersed with quaint cafes and art galleries.

Taking the same route the next day, I took a trip into the mountains that peak behind the President’s House, and climbed the one known as Bugaksan. This affords the opportunity to pass through the Sukjeongmun Gate and through the city’s ancient fortress wall. From here the Seoul Fortress is easily accessible and there are also amazing views of Seoul.

Shopping in the Orient is an amazing experience so I made sure to pay a visit to the Shinsegae downtown department store. This huge emporium sells probably everything you can imagine and is a complete charm in the way the bottom floors sell all the basic staples of daily life – including the ubiquitous kimchee (fermented cabbage) and are frequented by Korean housewives while the upper floors cater to the well-heeled and brand conscious. As fascinating as it is, the new rooftop garden is a welcome respite. But, if you are going to shop in Seoul, it’s a must to visit the street stalls and hawkers of the Namdaemum Market where the wares seem to be spread out in a blanket of never-ending stalls. Be prepared to be seriously jostled by the crowds, but it’s also the chance to feast on the best street food.

One of the most surprising sights and a rue delight is the Cheonggyecheon Stream. Running for just under 4 miles through the city, the stream is remarkably quiet given its location, because it is 15 foot below street level. The serene setting, accentuated by waterfalls and bridge is a favorite strolling spot for romantic couples.

With a flying visit to Itaewon, the popular ex-pat neighborhood near to the main US army base, my time in Seoul came to an end. I was enthralled and captivated and hope I get to return one day.

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Home / Essay Samples / Sociology / Race and Ethnicity / Korean

Korean Essay Examples

Behind the idol life: the dark side of music in south korea.

Korean idol group SHINee, debuted in 2008. When they debuted, in only a matter of months they already had 60 award wins and 86 nominations, plus 57 music show wins. They have managed to stay relevant for many years. Some of the members of the...

South Korea’s Culture Through Entertainment

Korea is more mountains than anything else, none over 10,000 feet. The Koreans have one of the oldest culture in the world. According to the legends and myths concerning the origin of Koreans, the oldest and most often cited is the Tangun/Dangun. The legend says...

The Stages of Korea's History & Its Relations with Other Countries

Since the history of Korea goes back through hundreds of years before the division, the facts and description are chosen selectively and briefly. The history of Korea goes through several stages that have constructed what we now call Korea, before the division the nation’s foundation...

Analysis and Review of the Documentary South Korea: the Silent Cultural Superpower

British Broadcast Company (BBC) is known for its string of documentaries on various phenomena, and its documentary on South Korea “South Korea: The Silent Cultural Superpower” quietly becoming a cultural superpower is one that has informed and enthralled its viewers as much as any other....

The Rising Idols: Analysis of Btc Album

The artifact I have chosen is the Korean pop album, The Most Beautiful Moment In Life, Part 2, by the South Korean group, BTS (Bangtan Sonyeondan). This album was released in 2015 and received overwhelming support from domestic and international fans around the globe. This...

My International Engagement and Friendship

When I turned ten, I moved from South Korea, a predominantly monoracial country to Singapore, one of the most multiracial countries in the world. It was a struggle to adapt to an environment so different from my own but I was presented with an endless...

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