australian digital thesis program

Australian Digital Theses Program: Expansion, Partnership and the Future

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• Andrew Wells 22 &
• Tony Cargnelutti 22  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 3334))

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• International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries

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The continuing evolution of the Australian Digital Theses (ADT) Program, with the aid of an additional grant from the Australian Federal Government, sees it redeveloping the existing central metadata repository to increase its coverage and utility to the national and international research community. The repository’s content will expand to include metadata about all Australian higher degree theses, whether in digital form or not. This goal responds to a clearly stated desire of the Australian research community, and brings together the university, government and corporate sectors, in building an open access service which exposes Australian research.

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The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Andrew Wells & Tony Cargnelutti

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Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China

Zhaoneng Chen

Department of Management Information Systems, Eller College of Management, The University of Arizona, 85721, AZ, USA

Hsinchun Chen

Shanghai Library, Shanghai, P.R. China

BASICS, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China

Digital Library Research Laboratory, Virginia Tech, USA

School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,  

Ee-peng Lim

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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Wells, A., Cargnelutti, T. (2004). Australian Digital Theses Program: Expansion, Partnership and the Future. In: Chen, Z., Chen, H., Miao, Q., Fu, Y., Fox, E., Lim, Ep. (eds) Digital Libraries: International Collaboration and Cross-Fertilization. ICADL 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3334. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30544-6_91

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• Track your research

All Australian National University theses are in digital form. You can search for them online through the  theses collection in ANU Open Research , and are also searchable via the  Library Catalogue .

The majority of ANU theses are openly accessible but a small number are restricted due to cultural sensitivities, copyright controls or other restrictions.

Digital theses

Digital theses can be searched online through the  theses collection in ANU Open Research .

The Australian National University Library’s theses collection holds the research output of the University’s academic community over the last 60 years. The first ANU thesis was awarded in 1953.

By digitising its print theses collection, ANU Library delivers the University’s unique and original research in a freely available, open access online collection. Digital delivery expands engagement with the Library’s collections, provides visibility to the university’s scholarship, and supports the careers of its academic community.

Restrictions

The majority of theses are openly accessible; however, some may not be available under open access conditions due to author or copyright restrictions.

If an author wishes to restrict access to their thesis (or part of it), they can elect to do so as part of the online submission process. If after 12 months an extension to that restriction is required, a new application must be completed.

In the case of a Higher Degree by Research thesis, approval is required from the Dean, Higher Degree Research and can be sought by filling out an  Extension of Thesis Restriction of Access Request Form  or emailing  [email protected] . If approved, the Open Research team will be notified and restrict access to the online version of your thesis in line with the decision made.

Read our  Restriction Infosheet  for more information about applying for restrictions on theses.

Hard copy theses

Hard copy theses can be requested  for reading within the Library, but cannot be borrowed.

The majority of theses are available for research or study, however some may not be available due to author or copyright restrictions.

To check whether access restrictions apply to a particular thesis, ask at the  Menzies Library  Information Desk or email the  ANU Library .

Non-ANU readers are advised to check in advance whether they will be granted access to a particular thesis.

Location of hard copy theses

• ANU Doctoral and Masters’ theses (1953-2018) –  Menzies Library
• Master of Law and International Law theses (pre-October 1987) –  Law Library
• ANU Honours theses – held by the  ANU Colleges
• ANU Law Honours theses (selected) – Law Library or online through  ANU Open Research
• Non-ANU theses (without access restrictions) are on the open shelves.
• Hard copy theses requests

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• Finding theses
• Ask a librarian
•   Theses   +61 2 6125 2005   Send email

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Australian digital theses program.

Link:  https://www.caul.edu.au/programs-projects/past-programs/australasian-digital-...

Australian Digital Theses Program Australian Digital Theses Program

A collaborative project developing a national database of digital theses produced by postgraduate research students at Australian universities. There are a growing number of FULLTEXT theses on this database.

Open Research

• My Open Research

• Search ANU web, staff & maps
• Search current site content

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Contribute your thesis

The University maintains a collection of online ANU theses in its  Open Research repository . The University supports the wide dissemination of ANU research into the academic and wider community, and all theses deposited in Open Research appear in the National Library of Australia's Trove service and are discoverable by search engines such as Google.

Your thesis is a major research output, and there are  many benefits to making your thesis available open access .

To support the University's commitment to open access to research, the University requires a copy of all Higher Degree by Research student theses and all Undergraduate Honours theses receiving a mark of First Class, to be deposited in Open Research .

NOTE: If you have submitted your thesis via the Thesis Submission eform in ISIS please do not use this form, as your thesis will be automatically deposited in to Open Research once your award has been granted. For further information please refer to  Submitting a thesis.

Requesting permission

It is your responsibility to request permission for third-party materials that you wish to appear in the online version of your thesis.  You should allow a significant amount of time for the request process, as it often takes many months to confirm permissions.

Your requests to copyright owners for permission should explain that the work will be included in a thesis that is required to be made publicly available online. Contact details are often included on publishers' web sites and forms for copyright permission requests are occasionally available as well.

If no form is provided, this ANU template  can be used to request permission.

You should retain copies of permissions for your own records. Copies of permissions do not need to be submitted to ANU.

If permission has not been obtained by the time your thesis is to be submitted to Open Research, please remove the materials for which permission was not received from the public version of your thesis. In the place of the redacted material/s, you may include a short statement, such as:  Figure (Text/Chart/Diagram etc.) has been removed due to copyright restrictions.”  

If possible, include a reference or a link to the source of the material to enable readers to access the removed content.

Thesis by publication

If you are submitting or have submitted your thesis by publication, you must obtain publishers' permission to include each publication in the public version of your thesis in ANU Open Research. Often in your agreement with the journal or book publisher, you have assigned them all rights to the work, although each publisher's policy differs.

When submitting your request to the publisher:

• Check to see if the publisher has an online permission form on their website
• If the publisher does not have a form, this ANU template  can be used to request permission
• Tell them the amount of the work you wish to use
• State clearly that you are seeking permission to use the work for non-commercial purposes
• Be conscious that the copyright owner has the right to say no
• Be aware that a copyright owner may charge a fee or ask you to sign a licence agreement
• Allow plenty of time, as it may take months for the permission to be granted

If permission has not been obtained at the time your thesis is submitted, please remove the materials for which permission was not received from the public version of your thesis. In the place of the redacted materials, you may include a short statement, such as: " Publication has been removed due to copyright restrictions.”  

Restricting access to your thesis

If you wish to restrict access to all, or part of your thesis you can elect to do so, for up to 12 months, as part of the online submission process. If, after that period, you require an extension to that restriction you will need to make a new application. In the case of a Higher Degree by Research thesis, approval is required from the Dean, Higher Degree Research and can be sought by filling out an Extension of Thesis Restriction of Access Request Form  or emailing  [email protected]  If approved, the Open Research team will be notified and restrict access to the online version of your thesis in line with the decision made.

For an Undergraduate Honours thesis, please send an email to the Head of School, detailing the reasons for the extension of the restriction and the time period being sought. If your request for an extension is approved please send a copy of the approval email to [email protected] and we will action the restriction approval accordingly.

Concerns over publication refusal and plagiarism

Increasingly publishers across a range of disciplines are willing to accept submission for books, or journal articles, where the associated thesis is available via open access. This is also been proven by a number of studies:

• Ramirez et al, 2013 (PDF, 467.75 KB)
• McMillan et al 2011 (PDF, 820.54 KB)  

It is also worthwhile noting that by publishing your thesis open access it will make it available to more potential publishers, as indicated by Harvard University Press Assistant Editor Brian Distelberg in his blog posting ' Can't Find It, Can't Sign It: On Dissertation Embargoes ' 

"I'm always looking out for exciting new scholarship that might make for a good book, whether in formally published journal articles and conference programs, or in the conversation on Twitter and in the history blogosphere, or in conversations with scholars I meet. And so, to whatever extent open access to a dissertation increases the odds of its ideas being read and discussed more widely, I tend to think it increases the odds of my hearing about them."

ANU graduate Barbara Dawson successfully published a book  through the prestigious ANU Press, based on her PhD thesis " In the eye of the beholder : representations of Australian Aborigines in the published works of colonial women writers '

Depositing your thesis in an open access repository such as the University's Open Research repository establishes your identity as the author and makes it much more difficult for others to claim your work as their own. 

Useful videos and blog posts

• Harvard Professors Gary King and Stuart Shieber provide  advice to graduate students  on the benefits of open access, in particular for theses (dissertations).
• If you wish to publish a book from your thesis the blog post  It's a Dissertation not a Book  by Leonard Cassuto provides advice on the rewriting process for books from theses. 
• If you are wondering whether it’s better to make dissertations open access immediately or embargo them look at Dissertation Dilemma: To Embargo or Not to Embargo? By Shawn Smith-Cruz
• Randy Schmidt, Senior Editor at University of British Colombia Press, provides advice on "how to turn a thesis into a book"

Reference documents

• McMillan et al, 2011 (PDF, 820.54 KB)
• ANU Copyright Permission Request form (DOCX, 43.57 KB)
• ANU Thesis by publication permission form (DOCX, 39.02 KB)
• Extension of Thesis Restriction of Access Request Form (PDF, 103.66 KB)
• Permission to Deposit Honours or Masters thesis (PDF, 60.56 KB)

Use contact details to request an alternative file format.

• Open access policy
• Open access procedure

Related links

• Research Student Milestones
• Your ORCID iD and ANU
• ReseacherID
• ProQuest Dissertations and Master’s Theses Traditional Publishing Agreement

• Contact ANU
• Freedom of Information

+61 2 6125 5111 The Australian National University, Canberra TEQSA Provider ID: PRV12002 (Australian University) CRICOS Provider : 00120C ABN : 52 234 063 906

Australian theses

Researchers at universities around Australia produce world-leading research in pursuit of new knowledge and educational qualifications. These theses, long essays or dissertations involving personal research, are shared with Trove by our partner universities. Some of them are in print form only, some are available online in digital format. Here’s how you can search for them in Trove.

How can I browse recently produced theses?

• Go to the Trove homepage and type your keyword into the search box
• Open the Categories drop-down and choose Research and Reports
• Select the green search button
• Select the ‘Thesis’ filter on the right-hand side of the screen
• Change the ‘Sort by’ option to Date (latest first) to view the most recently published theses.

How can I browse recent Australian theses?

Trove has rules under the hood that identify the Australian-ness of a thesis.

• Go to the Trove homepage 
• Select Advanced search and choose ‘Research and reports’
• Type your keyword into the first box
• Scroll down until you see Australian content and tick that box
• Change the ‘Sort by’ option to Date (latest first) to view the most recently Australian published theses.

How can I do a more advanced, specific search for theses?

The advanced search form provides options to create a more specific search. We’ve introduced you to the Australian content option, but you can also narrow your search with these filters:

• Place of publication
• Year of publication
• Access (freely available, not available online)
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language
• Funder (Australian Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council)

How can I find a particular institution’s theses only?

The Research and Reports advanced search form also contains a field that helps you find theses held at specific organisations. 

• Scroll down until you see Organisations
• Select the box and begin to type the name of the university 
• When the organisation you want turns green select it.
• Then select the green search button

• Search Content
• Browse by Country
• Browse by Year
• Browse by Repository Type
• Browse by Repository Software

Australian Digital Theses Program - CAUL

Description

Staged program jointly funded by the Australian Government and Council of Australian University Librarians to build a comprehensive metadata repository of Australian highe degree theses. Will be fully OAI-PMH and SRU compliant by mid 2005.

Registry Staff Only: Item Control Page

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Australasian Digital Theses Program

AUSTRALASIAN DIGITAL THESES PROGRAM

DRAFT REVISED BUSINESS PLAN 2006-2009

(October 2006)

This plan sets out the next stages for the development of digital theses programs in Australian and New Zealand universities. The successful financial, administrative and governance arrangements used in the Australian Digital Theses Program are carried through to the Australasian Digital Theses Program.

2. PROGRAM STATUS

2.1 BACKGROUND

The Australian Digital Theses Program was established in 2002 following a successful Australian Research Council funded project which ran from 1998 to 2001. The model of a central metadata repository providing discovery of and access to digital versions of theses residing on distributed servers is proven.

In 2002, the Council of Australian University Librarians (CAUL) accepted a business plan which had the following key features:

• All CAUL members were automatically members of the ADT Program
• Each CAUL member would pay an annual levy to fund operations for members including maintaining the central metadata repository, assistance with set up, advocacy and communication
• A Policy Group overseeing the development of the Program and the work of a Technical Committee
• The appointment of The University of New South Wales Library to act as CAUL’s agent in maintaining and development the Program

2.2 PROGRAM GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

The number of active participants and theses available online has exceeded targets in the 2002-2006 business plan. At the end of 2004, there were 25 active participants, and 2 New Zealand universities announced their intention to join the Program. The growth in theses available online over time is shown in the following table:

At the end of 2004, 10 Australian universities announced policies requiring mandatory submission of digital versions of theses, with an additional 3 planning to introduce in 2005. This will ensure increasing rates of growth.

The ADT Program has undergone significant development in 2004 with support from the Systemic Infrastructure Initiative, part of Backing Australia’s Ability. The ADT Program responded to a call for proposals from the Department of Science, Education and Training for projects that demonstrated improvements or research in information infrastructure. The key activity has been the expansion of the coverage ADT’s central metadata repository to include as many records for all PhD and Masters (Research) theses as possible. The functionality of the metadata repository was developed to support the OAI Metadata Harvesting Protocol, information retrieval protocols and improved data quality maintenance. Distributed Systems Technology Centre [DSTC] has been contracted to provide software for the metadata repository.

The ADT Program is a member of the international Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, with representation on the Board of Directors and several committees. ADT has been represented at every Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) Conference. The achievement of ADT has been internationally recognised and is being seen as a useful model for other countries. In September 2005, CAUL and UNSW Library will host the eighth ETD Conference.

3. OPERATING ENVIRONMENT

Environment

The environment for the ADT Program in Australia and New Zealand is positive. Government and industry interest in making fundamental research available is frequently expressed. The ADT Program has won key sectoral support from academics and postgraduate students. Submission of electronic theses continues to grow.

The following ten areas describe factors that will influence the future development and form of the ADT Program over the next four years.

a.Institutional repositories

There has been considerable growth in software development for Institutional Repositories. Repositories now have features such as OAI-PMH harvesting, presentation software, self-submission, and storage of multiple file formats. Much of this software can or is being developed to manage digital theses. The ETD-db software is lagging in development and better choices are available to members.

The Australian Systemic Infrastructure Initiative has funded projects that are deploying DSpace and FEDORA to manage digital theses and other data types. The New Zealand Digital Strategy has led to an investigation of an infrastructure to capture the research outputs of publicly funded research, with three universities interested in being demonstrator sites. These projects and other e-publishing ventures are promoting rapid innovation in repository software.

The establishment of robust repositories is likely to subsume separate repositories for theses.

b.The RQF and the PBRF

The Research Quality Framework in Australia and the Performance-Based Research Fund in New Zealand reward excellent research in universities with funding. They assess excellence through a review of the research output of a university.

The RQF will commence in 2007. The Expert Advisory Group has agreed that “a PhD thesis is not an acceptable Research Output for the RQF”. However, the plan to deliver the research outputs electronically to assessment panels will provide an impetus to establishing or growing repositories.

The PBRF has operated since 2004. The first quality evaluation was completed in 2003, followed by a partial evaluation in 2006, with a full round scheduled for 2012. Dissertations and theses are included as a research output. Electronic versions are preferred as evidence of research output, but they are to be supplied as e-mail attachments, on CD, or floppy disk. Thus the PBRF has not given a major impetus to establishing repositories.

In either case, the high quality research outputs are being supplied electronically and there is an opportunity for repositories to capture this output and play a pivotal role in supplying it for evaluation. The establishment of a robust repository is likely to mean that a separate repository for dissertations and theses will not be required.

c.Cessation of support for Metasuite software

The DSTC-operated Cooperative Research Centre EDST that developed and maintained the Metasuite software for the central ADT service ceased operations at the end of June 2006. The software can evolve with in-house development. The ADT Program has the source code and has implemented a development/test environment. There is other commercial and open source software that provides the same functionality and may have better development paths.

d.Electronic publishing and review processes

Recent publishing software, such as the Open Journal Systems, allows peer review of submitted material, subsequent editing, and online publication. If applied to theses, it would result in a change in the submission procedures where a student would deposit their “final” thesis prior to assessment. The publishing software would facilitate the review and editing process leading up to the final marking, and then release the thesis for public access.

e.New formats

If theses are submitted only in electronic form it is likely that formats other than PDF will want to be lodged. Datasets, moving image, music scores, computer programs, and electronic art are examples. Some of these can be embedded in PDF or replicated in PDF. Standards, management, and preservation of these objects are not necessarily fully established or implemented.

f.Preservation

Format changes require ongoing monitoring and, when necessary, action.

g.Research finding services

The number, user take-up, and use of academic-focussed search engines continue to grow. Most use OAI-PMH to harvest. Some harvest just metadata, whilst others take in the digital object as well. Examples are the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Google Scholar, and Scirus. These services enhance the utility, awareness, and visibility of theses.

h.Copyright

Copyright and intellectual property issues require ongoing discussion and clarification.

i.Retrospective digitisation programs

ADT participants have expressed interest in retrospective digitisation to enable more rapid growth of a critical mass of online content. ADT ran a pilot project in 2005 to determine the costs of converting printed theses using in-house and commercial processes.

j.Continued mandating of digital theses

Policies mandating deposit of digital versions of theses will also promote growth of a critical mass of online content. In Australasia, there are some 6,000 higher degree completions each year.

Implications for the ADT program

4. OPERATION

This plan recommends two key changes to the way the ADT Program operates:

• Move away from the VT-ETD software to other repository software.
• Cease distribution of the VT-ETD software immediately.
• Cease support of the VT-ETD software December 2007.
• Identify and implement development path for central ADT software.
• Evaluate alternative software platforms and alternatives by June 2007.
• Implement any new software platform or alternative by December 2007.

In addition, it recommends that the ADT Program undertake two other key tasks:

• Develop strong linkages to research finding services.
• Seek funding for retrospective conversion and demonstrator projects.

Existing ADT Program members are installing general research repositories for many reasons and usually plan to use the general repository for the submission, storage and dissemination of theses. The VT-ETD software is limited to managing theses and does not have a strong development path.

Members should be encouraged and assisted to implement general repository systems to manage theses, including identifying and evaluating repository software for theses and assisting with migration from VT-ETD.

Support for testing OAI-PMH harvesting is required for each site as they change to a repository software. Although OAI-PMH is a standard for interchange of metadata, in practice each site implementation is different and requires individual testing and customisation.

A timeline to cease distribution and support of the ADT-customised version of VT-ETD should be identified.

• Identify and implement development path for central ADT metadata repository.

Before investing time and effort in developing and maintaining the Metasuite program that runs the central ADT service, an investigation of alternative software platforms should be undertaken.

Theses are in high demand by research finding services. The ADT Program should provide a central way to ensure member’s theses are included. Identifying, reaching agreement on inclusion, and providing data and objects can be offered by the ADT Program. The ADT Program has already joined the NDLTD Program for an annual fee of $US7,050 with the followingbenefits:

• Representation in a key international movement to promote digital scholarship
• Access to expertise
• Access to education and research about digital theses
• Demonstration of support to developing countries to develop ETD programs

Other research finding services, such as Google Scholar and Scirus, should be investigated on behalf of ADT members.

The experience and costing gained as part of the Redevelopment and Expansion of the ADT Program Project should be built on to seek funding to create more digital content.

New funding should be sort to prove and demonstrate innovative approaches such as electronic submission of a thesis for review and subsequent management of the assessment process.

Some research finding services are moving to full text searching. The ADT Program policy to exclude full text searching should be reviewed in this light, including full text searching in the local repository, the central service, and research finding services.

The governance model has worked for both the ongoing program and the redevelopment project. A period of organisational stability, coupled with growing participation by those CAUL and CONZUL members still not active in the Program, will enable understanding of the consequences of the recent expansion and technical redevelopment for the operation and use of ADT. In parallel with growth, the program continues to develop with the increased adoption of mandatory submission movement and a growing number of options now available to university libraries to manage digital theses.

The following is proposed for 2006-2009:

When members become ‘active’ they will fill out the Membership Form in Appendix 1

Access to the ADT metadata repository will be free for any individual or organisation. Access to full text of theses is strongly encouraged. Metadata licensing and re-use policies are set out in Appendix 2.

The metadata repository will support three views: Australasian; Australian; and, New Zealand.

Administration and Reporting

CAUL will be the organisation which administers the ADT Program for CAUL and CONZUL and will be advised by the ADT Policy Reference Group (with expanded membership from New Zealand). The University of New South Wales Library will continue to manage the program on behalf of CAUL and CONZUL. UNSW Library will report program status and issues to CAUL and CONZUL through the ADT Policy Reference Group.

Service Levels

UNSW Library agrees to provide service levels to members as set out in Appendix 3.

The annual ADT awards recognise authors who have created exemplary theses that demonstrate new dimensions of scholarship in the digital environment.

An award of $1000 and two runner up awards of $500 each will be provided. The successful authors will be selected from nominations forwarded by institutional coordinators.

The ADT Policy Reference Group will meet no less than twice per year.

The ADT Technical Committee will meet no less than twice per year.

The ADT Program has two Australasian representatives on the NDLTD Board.

A two-tiered structure for the ADT Program will apply

ADT Policy Reference Group

2 CAUL members (1 as Chair)

1 CONZUL member

1 representative of the Deans and Directors of Graduate Schools

1 representative of the Council of Australian Postgraduate Associations

1 representative of the New Zealand academic or postgraduate community

1 ADT Program Manager (UNSW)

UNSW University Librarian will attend meetings but have no voting rights.

The Committee may invite expert advisors to participate in meetings but without voting rights.

CAUL Executive Officer will provide support.

ADT Technical Committee

ADT Program Manager (Chair)

ADT Technical Support representative (UNSW)

4 CAUL representatives

2 CONZUL representatives

Financial Operation

• Cost of operation

The University of New South Wales Library estimates the following annual infrastructure and membership costs.

EDT Related expenses

Travel assumptions:

Policy Reference Group - Assumption is that 50% will travel twice a year at av cost of $600 airfares + a single night accom. @ $200

Technical Committee - Assumption is that 50% will travel twice a year at av cost of $600 airfares + a single night accom. @ $200

ETD Representation - Assumption is that one will travel once a year at av cost of $4000 airfares + 4 nights accom. & expenses @ $500

Levy to CAUL and CONZUL members would be approximately AUD1,500

• Financial Reporting

UNSW Library will provide reports on costs and revenues to CAUL and CONZUL through the ADT Policy Reference Group

5. PROGRAM EVALUATION

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