how to harvard reference a department of education document

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Harvard Style Guide: Official publications

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Report/Government agency publication

Reference : Name of government department (Year) Title . Place of publication: Publisher (Series if applicable). Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

Example : Department of Health & Children (2006) ‘ A vision for change’ report of the expert group on mental health policy '. Dublin: Stationery Office. Available at: http://www.dohc.ie/publications/vision_for_change.html [Accessed 11 April 2010].

In-Text-Citation :

• Department (Year)
• (Department, Year)
• The Department of Health & Children (2006) have shown….
• In a similar report (Department of Health & Children, 2006) it was shown…

Still unsure what in-text citation and referencing mean? Check here . 

Still unsure why you need to reference all this information? Check here . 

Parliamentary and legal material

Reference : Government of Country. Title (Year) Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example : Government of Ireland. Human Rights Commission Act. (2000) Dublin: Stationery Office.

• (Country. Title of Legislation Year )
• Legislation outlawing any barriers to education (Ireland. Human Rights Commission Act 2000 )....

Still unsure what in-text citation and referencing mean? Check here .

EU publications

Reference : Name of EU Institution (Year) Title . Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example : European Commission (2003) Making globalisation work for everyone . Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

• (Name of EU Institution, Year)
• The predicted growth (European Commission, 2003) did not occur….

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Q. How do I reference the National Curriculum?

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Answered by: site admin last updated: aug 10, 2023     views: 162857.

Following a webpage format in the Cite Them Right Harvard style , references should appear as follows:

The primary curriculum

Department for Education (2013)  The national curriculum in England: key stages 1 and 2 framework document.  Available at:  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-primary-curriculum (Accessed: 16 May 2022).

The secondary curriculum

Department for Education (2014)  The national curriculum in England: key stages 3 and 4 framework document.  Available at:  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-secondary-curriculum  (Accessed: 16 May 2022).

When citing either document, remember to cite the author of the document, for example:

The Department for Education's (DfE, 2013) framework document sets the context and aims of the primary curriculum.

The primary curriculum framework emphasises the provision of PSHE in schools (Department for Education, 2013). 

Further documentation, including programmes of study by subject, can be found on the National Curriculum page of the gov.uk website . The National Archives contains information about older  QCA schemes of work . 

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Cite A Government publication in Harvard style

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• Archive material
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• Online image or video
• Presentation
• Press release
• Religious text

Use the following template or our Harvard Referencing Generator to cite a government publication. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Popular Harvard Citation Guides

• How to cite a Book in Harvard style
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Other Harvard Citation Guides

• How to cite a Archive material in Harvard style
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• How to cite a Conference proceedings in Harvard style
• How to cite a Court case in Harvard style
• How to cite a Dictionary entry in Harvard style
• How to cite a Dissertation in Harvard style
• How to cite a E-book or PDF in Harvard style
• How to cite a Edited book in Harvard style
• How to cite a Email in Harvard style
• How to cite a Encyclopedia article in Harvard style
• How to cite a Government publication in Harvard style
• How to cite a Interview in Harvard style
• How to cite a Legislation in Harvard style
• How to cite a Magazine in Harvard style
• How to cite a Music or recording in Harvard style
• How to cite a Newspaper in Harvard style
• How to cite a Patent in Harvard style
• How to cite a Podcast in Harvard style
• How to cite a Presentation or lecture in Harvard style
• How to cite a Press release in Harvard style
• How to cite a Religious text in Harvard style
• How to cite a Report in Harvard style
• How to cite a Software in Harvard style

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Government/Official publications

To be made up of:

• Name of government department or committee.
• Year of publication (in round brackets).
• Title (in italics).
• Place of publication: publisher.
• Series or paper number (in brackets) - if applicable.

In-text citation:

(Great Britain. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, 2011).  

Reference list:

Great Britain. Department of Education Science (1991). History in the national curriculum (England) . London: HMSO. (DES circular no. 4/91)

Online Government/Official publication

Follow the same format as for a print publication, and add: 

• Available at: URL.
• (Accessed: date).

Great Britain. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2011). Bigger, better business: Helping small firms start, grow and prosper . Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32225/11-515-bigger-better-business-helping-small-firms.pdf (Accessed: 21 June 2013).  

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Harvard Referencing Guide

• Government sources

Use acronyms or abbreviations

• If the name of an authoring organisation, e.g. government agency, is long and cited often in the text, it may be necessary to abbreviate the name in the in-text citation.
• The first time an acronym or abbreviated name is used, you must give the full name followed by the acronym in parenthesis.

For example:

 … (australian bureau of statistics [abs] 2021),   australian bureau of statistics (abs 2021) ...

You may use just the acronyms in subsequent citations.

(ABS 2021) (ABS 2021:5)

• For reports published online, hyperlink the title of the report and include an accessed date . If you’re citing a PDF, avoid linking directly to the PDF. Instead link to the page that hosts the PDF.
• Sources with title pages will detail the author and publisher. Follow the authoring details on the title page of the document.

Report by an Australian Government agency

Elements of the reference, author a or agency name (year)  title of report: subtitle of report , name of agency, name of government, accessed day month year., in-text citation, (baslum 2000), (department of health and aged care [dhac] 1999), department of conservation (2000), reference list, baslum s (2000)  payments to vietnam veterans: a summary , department of veterans’ affairs, australian government., dhac (department of health and aged care) (1999)  hepatitis c: a review of australia’s response , report prepared by d lowe and r cotton, dhac, australian government., department of conservation (2000)  hydrogen-powered cars: progress to date , sustainable energy branch, department of conservation, northern territory government., unpublished report by an australian government agency.

• For unpublished reports include the word ‘unpublished’ instead of the year in in-text citations.

Author A or Agency Name (unpublished)  Title of report: subtitle of report , Name of Agency, Name of Government, accessed Day Month Year.

In their report, white and jackson (unpublished) .., white n and jackson d (unpublished)  testing for epo , australian sports drug agency, australian government, accessed 3 march 2020., report that is part of a series.

• Italicise the name of the series , not the title of the report

Author A or Agency Name (Year) ‘Title of report: subtitle of report’,  Name of Series , catalogue number, Name of Agency, Name of Government, accessed Day Month Year.

Australian institute of health and welfare (aihw 2019) .., aihw (australian institute of health and welfare) (2019) ‘ australia’s welfare 2019 data insights ’,  australia’s welfare series 14 , catalogue number aus 226, aihw, australian government, accessed 5 february 2020., report to an australian government agency, author a or agency name (year)  title of report: subtitle of report , report to agency name, organisation name or abbreviation., white and green (2020:7) .., white n and green j (2020)  hydrogen-powered cars: progress to date , report to the australian government department of agriculture, water and the environment, slr consulting., mja (marsden jacob associates) (2020)  hydrogen-powered cars: progress to date , report to the australian government department of agriculture, water and the environment, mja., published internal report, author a or organisation name or abbreviation (year)  title of report: subtitle of report , organisation name or abbreviation., terracycle (2018) reports .., terracycle (2018)  report on recycling in canberra offices , terracycle., report known by a short title.

• Sometimes a report is better known by a short title or unofficial title. If you’re citing a source like this, use the short title in text.
• In the reference list, use the short title followed by a spaced em dash and the full source information (author / organisation name, etc)

The Gonski report (2011) suggests that ...

Gonski report  –  gonski d, boston k, greiner k, lawrence, c, scales b and tannock p (2011)  review of funding for schooling: final report , department of education, employment and workplace relations, australian government, accessed 11 february 2020., media releases.

• Hyperlink the title of media releases and include an accessed date if the media release is published online.

Media release with authors listed

Author a (day month year)  title of media release: subtitle of media release  [media release], organisation name, accessed day month year., black and jacobsen (2020) or (black and jacobsen 2020), black f and jacobsen n (4 february 2020)  act has highest student participation and employment  [media release], act government, accessed 5 february 2020., media release with no authors listed, organisation name or abbreviation (day month year)  title of media release: subtitle of media release  [media release], organisation name or abbreviation, accessed day month year., in- text citation, act government (2020) or (act government 2020), act government (4 february 2020)  act has highest student participation and employment  [media release], act government, accessed 5 february 2020..

• For online data sets, hyperlink the title and include the accessed date . If you’re citing a PDF or spreadsheet, avoid linking directly to the document. Instead link to the webpage that hosts the document.

Author A (Year)  Title of data set  [data set], Name of Website website, accessed Day Month Year.

National native title tribunal (2014) .., national native title tribunal (2014)  native title determination outcomes  [data set], data.gov.au, accessed 4 january 2020., australian bureau of statistics (abs).

• The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) has a  guide to referencing ABS material .
• Follow the ABS advice for information to include, but adjust capitalisation and punctuation to be in line with the rest of the reference list for your content (Harvard style).

Australian Bureau of Statistics (Year)  Title , ABS, Canberra.

Australian bureau of statistics (year)  title,  abs, accessed day month year., australian bureau of statistics (abs 1995) .., abs (australian bureau of statistics) (1995)  national aboriginal and torres strait islander survey 1994: detailed findings , abs, canberra., abs (australian bureau of statistics) (2016)  2016 census – cultural diversity  [tablebuilder], abs website, accessed 16 november 2020., parliamentary sources.

Parliamentary papers, such as budget papers, white papers and annual reports, are published:

• as individual documents
• as bound volumes of all documents tabled in a parliamentary sitting.

For individual documents, cite them as you would any document of that type. For example, if you access an annual report on a departmental website, cite it as a government report.

Bound parliamentary papers

For documents you access as part of a bound volume from a parliamentary sitting:

• use the name of the parliament as the author
• include the paper number.

Name of Parliament (Year)  Title of document: subtitle of document , Parl Paper X, Name of Government.

Parliament of australia (2000) .., parliament of australia (2000)  department of finance and administration annual report 1999–2000 , parl paper 32, australian government., parliamentary debates and proceedings.

• To cite a record of what was said in parliament verbatim, as recorded in Hansard, use the volume and page number. Volume numbers are before the colon, page numbers are after.

Name of Parliamentary Committee or House (Year)  Debates , volume:page–page.

Australian senate (2000) or (australian senate 2000), australian senate (2000)  debates , s25:65., australian house of representatives (2000)  debates , hr103:2–9., official australian parliament records.

• To cite the official records of proceedings in each house of parliament, include the volume or issue number and the page number. Issue numbers are in parentheses. Volume numbers are outside parentheses.
• Official Australian Parliament records may be from the  Journals   of the Senate  or the  Votes and Proceedings  of the House of Representatives.

Name of Parliamentary House (Year)  Journals  or  Votes and Proceedings , (issue) or volume:page–page.

Australian senate (2000-01), australian senate (2000–01)  journals , (123):718., australian house of representatives (2000–01)  votes and proceedings , 1:631., records from national archives of australia.

• The National Archives of Australia (NAA) has a  guide to referencing records it holds . Follow this advice exactly, but add a full stop at the end of the citation.

National Archives of Australia: Prime Minister’s Department; A461, Correspondence files, multiple number series (third system), 1934–50; AX314/1/1, Aeronautical Research in the British Empire, 1945–49.

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• Referencing

A Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing | Citation Examples

Published on 14 February 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on 15 September 2023.

Referencing is an important part of academic writing. It tells your readers what sources you’ve used and how to find them.

Harvard is the most common referencing style used in UK universities. In Harvard style, the author and year are cited in-text, and full details of the source are given in a reference list .

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Table of contents

Harvard in-text citation, creating a harvard reference list, harvard referencing examples, referencing sources with no author or date, frequently asked questions about harvard referencing.

A Harvard in-text citation appears in brackets beside any quotation or paraphrase of a source. It gives the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication, as well as a page number or range locating the passage referenced, if applicable:

Note that ‘p.’ is used for a single page, ‘pp.’ for multiple pages (e.g. ‘pp. 1–5’).

An in-text citation usually appears immediately after the quotation or paraphrase in question. It may also appear at the end of the relevant sentence, as long as it’s clear what it refers to.

When your sentence already mentions the name of the author, it should not be repeated in the citation:

Sources with multiple authors

When you cite a source with up to three authors, cite all authors’ names. For four or more authors, list only the first name, followed by ‘ et al. ’:

Sources with no page numbers

Some sources, such as websites , often don’t have page numbers. If the source is a short text, you can simply leave out the page number. With longer sources, you can use an alternate locator such as a subheading or paragraph number if you need to specify where to find the quote:

Multiple citations at the same point

When you need multiple citations to appear at the same point in your text – for example, when you refer to several sources with one phrase – you can present them in the same set of brackets, separated by semicolons. List them in order of publication date:

Multiple sources with the same author and date

If you cite multiple sources by the same author which were published in the same year, it’s important to distinguish between them in your citations. To do this, insert an ‘a’ after the year in the first one you reference, a ‘b’ in the second, and so on:

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A bibliography or reference list appears at the end of your text. It lists all your sources in alphabetical order by the author’s last name, giving complete information so that the reader can look them up if necessary.

The reference entry starts with the author’s last name followed by initial(s). Only the first word of the title is capitalised (as well as any proper nouns).

Sources with multiple authors in the reference list

As with in-text citations, up to three authors should be listed; when there are four or more, list only the first author followed by ‘ et al. ’:

Reference list entries vary according to source type, since different information is relevant for different sources. Formats and examples for the most commonly used source types are given below.

• Entire book
• Book chapter
• Translated book
• Edition of a book

Journal articles

• Print journal
• Online-only journal with DOI
• Online-only journal with no DOI
• General web page
• Online article or blog
• Social media post

Sometimes you won’t have all the information you need for a reference. This section covers what to do when a source lacks a publication date or named author.

No publication date

When a source doesn’t have a clear publication date – for example, a constantly updated reference source like Wikipedia or an obscure historical document which can’t be accurately dated – you can replace it with the words ‘no date’:

Note that when you do this with an online source, you should still include an access date, as in the example.

When a source lacks a clearly identified author, there’s often an appropriate corporate source – the organisation responsible for the source – whom you can credit as author instead, as in the Google and Wikipedia examples above.

When that’s not the case, you can just replace it with the title of the source in both the in-text citation and the reference list:

Harvard referencing uses an author–date system. Sources are cited by the author’s last name and the publication year in brackets. Each Harvard in-text citation corresponds to an entry in the alphabetised reference list at the end of the paper.

Vancouver referencing uses a numerical system. Sources are cited by a number in parentheses or superscript. Each number corresponds to a full reference at the end of the paper.

A Harvard in-text citation should appear in brackets every time you quote, paraphrase, or refer to information from a source.

The citation can appear immediately after the quotation or paraphrase, or at the end of the sentence. If you’re quoting, place the citation outside of the quotation marks but before any other punctuation like a comma or full stop.

In Harvard referencing, up to three author names are included in an in-text citation or reference list entry. When there are four or more authors, include only the first, followed by ‘ et al. ’

Though the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference in meaning:

• A reference list only includes sources cited in the text – every entry corresponds to an in-text citation .
• A bibliography also includes other sources which were consulted during the research but not cited.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, September 15). A Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing | Citation Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 15 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/harvard-style/

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Quick guide to Harvard referencing (Cite Them Right)

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There are different versions of the Harvard referencing style. This guide is a quick introduction to the commonly-used Cite Them Right version. You will find further guidance available through the OU Library on the Cite Them Right Database .

For help and support with referencing and the full Cite Them Right guide, have a look at the Library’s page on referencing and plagiarism . If you need guidance referencing OU module material you can check out which sections of Cite Them Right are recommended when referencing physical and online module material .

This guide does not apply to OU Law undergraduate students . If you are studying a module beginning with W1xx, W2xx or W3xx, you should refer to the Quick guide to Cite Them Right referencing for Law modules .

Table of contents

In-text citations and full references.

• Secondary referencing
• Page numbers
• Citing multiple sources published in the same year by the same author

Full reference examples

Referencing consists of two elements:

• in-text citations, which are inserted in the body of your text and are included in the word count. An in-text citation gives the author(s) and publication date of a source you are referring to. If the publication date is not given, the phrase 'no date' is used instead of a date. If using direct quotations or you refer to a specific section in the source you also need the page number/s if available, or paragraph number for web pages.
• full references, which are given in alphabetical order in reference list at the end of your work and are not included in the word count. Full references give full bibliographical information for all the sources you have referred to in the body of your text.

To see a reference list and intext citations check out this example assignment on Cite Them Right .

Difference between reference list and bibliography

a reference list only includes sources you have referred to in the body of your text

a bibliography includes sources you have referred to in the body of your text AND sources that were part of your background reading that you did not use in your assignment

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Examples of in-text citations

You need to include an in-text citation wherever you quote or paraphrase from a source. An in-text citation consists of the last name of the author(s), the year of publication, and a page number if relevant. There are a number of ways of incorporating in-text citations into your work - some examples are provided below. Alternatively you can see examples of setting out in-text citations in Cite Them Right .

Note: When referencing a chapter of an edited book, your in-text citation should give the author(s) of the chapter.

Online module materials

(Includes written online module activities, audio-visual material such as online tutorials, recordings or videos).

When referencing material from module websites, the date of publication is the year you started studying the module.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication/presentation) 'Title of item'. Module code: Module title . Available at: URL of VLE (Accessed: date).

OR, if there is no named author:

The Open University (Year of publication/presentation) 'Title of item'. Module code: Module title . Available at: URL of VLE (Accessed: date).

Rietdorf, K. and Bootman, M. (2022) 'Topic 3: Rare diseases'. S290: Investigating human health and disease . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1967195 (Accessed: 24 January 2023).

The Open University (2022) ‘3.1 The purposes of childhood and youth research’. EK313: Issues in research with children and young people . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1949633&section=1.3 (Accessed: 24 January 2023).

You can also use this template to reference videos and audio that are hosted on your module website:

The Open University (2022) ‘Video 2.7 An example of a Frith-Happé animation’. SK298: Brain, mind and mental health . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=2013014&section=4.9.6 (Accessed: 22 November 2022).

The Open University (2022) ‘Audio 2 Interview with Richard Sorabji (Part 2)’. A113: Revolutions . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1960941&section=5.6 (Accessed: 22 November 2022).

Note: if a complete journal article has been uploaded to a module website, or if you have seen an article referred to on the website and then accessed the original version, reference the original journal article, and do not mention the module materials. If only an extract from an article is included in your module materials that you want to reference, you should use secondary referencing, with the module materials as the 'cited in' source, as described above.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of message', Title of discussion board , in Module code: Module title . Available at: URL of VLE (Accessed: date).

Fitzpatrick, M. (2022) ‘A215 - presentation of TMAs', Tutor group discussion & Workbook activities , in A215: Creative writing . Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/forumng/discuss.php?d=4209566 (Accessed: 24 January 2022).

Note: When an ebook looks like a printed book, with publication details and pagination, reference as a printed book.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title . Edition if later than first. Place of publication: publisher. Series and volume number if relevant.

For ebooks that do not contain print publication details

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title of book . Available at: DOI or URL (Accessed: date).

Example with one author:

Bell, J. (2014) Doing your research project . Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Adams, D. (1979) The hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy . Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Accessed: 23 June 2021).

Example with two or three authors:

Goddard, J. and Barrett, S. (2015) The health needs of young people leaving care . Norwich: University of East Anglia, School of Social Work and Psychosocial Studies.

Example with four or more authors:

Young, H.D. et al. (2015) Sears and Zemansky's university physics . San Francisco, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Note: You can choose one or other method to reference four or more authors (unless your School requires you to name all authors in your reference list) and your approach should be consistent.

Note: Books that have an editor, or editors, where each chapter is written by a different author or authors.

Surname of chapter author, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of chapter or section', in Initial. Surname of book editor (ed.) Title of book . Place of publication: publisher, Page reference.

Franklin, A.W. (2012) 'Management of the problem', in S.M. Smith (ed.) The maltreatment of children . Lancaster: MTP, pp. 83–95.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Journal , volume number (issue number), page reference.

If accessed online:

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Journal , volume number (issue number), page reference. Available at: DOI or URL (if required) (Accessed: date).

Shirazi, T. (2010) 'Successful teaching placements in secondary schools: achieving QTS practical handbooks', European Journal of Teacher Education , 33(3), pp. 323–326.

Shirazi, T. (2010) 'Successful teaching placements in secondary schools: achieving QTS practical handbooks', European Journal of Teacher Education , 33(3), pp. 323–326. Available at: https://libezproxy.open.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/log... (Accessed: 27 January 2023).

Barke, M. and Mowl, G. (2016) 'Málaga – a failed resort of the early twentieth century?', Journal of Tourism History , 2(3), pp. 187–212. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2010.523145

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Newspaper , Day and month, Page reference.

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Newspaper , Day and month, Page reference if available. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Mansell, W. and Bloom, A. (2012) ‘£10,000 carrot to tempt physics experts’, The Guardian , 20 June, p. 5.

Roberts, D. and Ackerman, S. (2013) 'US draft resolution allows Obama 90 days for military action against Syria', The Guardian , 4 September. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/04/syria-strikes-draft-resolut... (Accessed: 9 September 2015).

Surname, Initial. (Year that the site was published/last updated) Title of web page . Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Organisation (Year that the page was last updated) Title of web page . Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Robinson, J. (2007) Social variation across the UK . Available at: https://www.bl.uk/british-accents-and-dialects/articles/social-variation... (Accessed: 21 November 2021).

The British Psychological Society (2018) Code of Ethics and Conduct . Available at: https://www.bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-ethics-and-conduct (Accessed: 22 March 2019).

Note: Cite Them Right Online offers guidance for referencing webpages that do not include authors' names and dates. However, be extra vigilant about the suitability of such webpages.

Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of photograph . Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Kitton, J. (2013) Golden sunset . Available at: https://www.jameskittophotography.co.uk/photo_8692150.html (Accessed: 21 November 2021).

stanitsa_dance (2021) Cossack dance ensemble . Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/COI_slphWJ_/ (Accessed: 13 June 2023).

Note: If no title can be found then replace it with a short description.

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Referencing

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This section of the guide teaches you how to reference for your education essays and thesis. It introduces the referencing style that the education department uses called  Harvard . And the guide provides you will useful resources to make referencing second nature in no time at all. But let's first have a brief introduction.

When you create academic content at university—an essay, a thesis, a conference paper, a journal article, etc.—you will invariably include the work that other scholars have published.

When you include the work of others in your work, though, you  must  tell the reader of your work that you have obtained your ideas/words from someone else.

The reasons for this are threefold:

• It adds credibility and authority to your work
• It demonstrates to the reader that you understand your topic and its research contexts 
• It helps you to avoid unintentional plagiarism (a serious academic offence)

The process of acknowledging the work of others in your own work is called  referencing . Referencing is a simple skill to master, and the process of referencing comprises two parts: a  citation  and a  reference. 

A  citation  appears in the body of your work—i.e. the essay/thesis that you are writing—and it tells the reader of your work from where you got the idea/words that you have included in your work.

You must now provide a matching  reference  for the citation, and this will appear in your reference list at the end of your work. The image below illustrates the theory:

Additionally, the skills team have produced a separate  Referencing and Plagiarism Guide  and they regularly run workshops on referencing - you can find out more information about them on our  calendar of events .

The  Harvard  citation style first emerged in the 1880s at, no surprises, Harvard University. It is widely used in many different disciplines. It is called an  author-date  system because the  citation  includes the author of the work and the date in which the author wrote it. A  reference list  then appears at the end of your work to list all the citations that you have used.

A slight complexity to the style is that you can create citations in two ways. The difference depends on the context of your citation: whether you want to foreground another's words in your work, or whether you want to use their words as part of your own reasoning.

The location of the brackets makes all the difference.

1. Using the citation to introduce directly what another person thinks (this method is a strong 'look, this person says this')

2. Using the citation to discuss what others have said (this method merges the words of others more naturally into your work)

No matter the method you use, you will then need to create an alphabetically ordered reference list of all the citations used:

Reference List

Don't worry if this seems a little confusing;  Cite Them Right   provides all the answers you need. It shows you how to use the Harvard style for lots of different  reference types : including books, book chapters, journal articles, and more!

Cite Them Right is our main referencing support resource and it is invaluable if you are just starting out with referencing and trying to get to grips with the various aspects. It is a comprehensive and essential resource covering all referencing styles and provides clear guidance on how to:

• Construct your references
• Set out citations
• Avoid plagiarism
• Paraphrase and summarise

The Library has both an online (recommended) and a print version of Cite Them Right.

Watch the video to find out more.

Referencing management tools can help you keep track of, store, organise and manage your references. You can use them to create bibliographies in a variety of referencing styles. They are particularly useful when completing large assignments such as dissertations when you are likely to be using more literature. The university has a subscription to EndNote, and you can access this via the software section on course resources. 

There is also a separate Referencing Software Guide   which contains information and links to resources about using EndNote as well as other referencing software and apps such as Mendeley and Zotero.

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• Subject guides
• Referencing Curriculum Material & Standards

Education: Referencing Curriculum Material & Standards

• Database tutorials
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Other useful guides

• Citing and referencing guide
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• Indigenous cultures and histories
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How to reference - based on APA 7th guidance for citing a government document. 

• Curriculum material - Australian & Victorian Curriculum
• Early years learning framework
• Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
• High Impact Strategies for Teaching

In-Text Citations

In-Text Citations for direct quotes or referencing a specific section of the curriculum

In-Text Citations for paraphrasing the curriculum

Notes on in-text citing:

• When using multiple reports from the same website, differentiate the sources by adding a letter to the year.

(ACARA, 2022a, p. 3)

        2. The first in-text citation will need to include the authoring body's name in full, followed by the acronym in square brackets:

(Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA], 2022)

Second and subsequent citations use the abbreviated or acronym form of the authoring body.

(ACARA, 2022)

(ACARA, 2022, p.8)

Reference Lists

In-Text Citations (first time)

Note: Department name & abbreviation sourced from version two of the EYLF .

Second and subsequent times

Where a direct quote is used the page number (or paragraph number if there are no page numbers) should be included.

(AGDE, 2022, p. 7) or (AGDE, 2022, para. 7)

Electronic/Online

Note:  Where the Government Department/Author name is the same as the publisher, omit the publisher name.

In-Text Citations to specific standards

NOTE: Refer to specific standards in the in text citations, but only include one reference to the complete standards.

In-Text Citations to High Impact Standards for Teaching - PDF version.

Reference list.

NOTE: The key point to remember is to reference the version that you have read. If you read the website version, reference the website version . If you read the PDF version , reference the PDF version. 

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Referencing for Education

Referencing examples, referencing for education: referencing examples.

• Referencing styles
• When and how to reference
• Citation and referencing tools

On this page you'll find examples of some of the most common types of resources that you will need to reference during your time studying education at Deakin.

Click on the plus icons below to explore the examples. These have all been formatted using APA 7 .   

If you get stuck, check out Deakin’s Referencing Guide for more information and examples.

Frameworks and toolkits

Department/Organisation. (Year). Title, Site name (exclude if same as author name). URL.

Framework examples

Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (VEYLDF)  

In-text citation 

The Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (VEYLDF) emphasises the importance of supporting children’s and families’ transitions as they move across services throughout the early childhood period (Department of Education and Training [DET] & Victorian Curriculum Assessment Authority [VCAA], 2016). 

The VEYLDF provides a common language to describe young children’s learning, and common principles to guide practice (DET, & VCAA, 2016).   

Reference list 

Department of Education and Training, & Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2016). Victorian early years learning and development framework: For all children from birth to eight years . State of Victoria. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/edcare/veyldframework.pdf   

Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)

In-text citation

This framework, "support[s] early childhood providers, teachers and educators to extend and enrich children’s learning from birth to 5 years and through the transition to school" (Australian Government Department of Education [AGDE], 2022). 

Reference list

Australian Government Department of Education [AGDE] (2022).  Belonging, being and becoming: The early years learning framework for Australia (V2.0 ). ACT: Australian Government Department of Education for the Ministerial Council. https://www.acecqa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-01/EYLF-2022-V2.0.pdf

Toolkit example

Literacy Teaching Toolkit  

The Literacy Teaching Toolkit provides practical advice and high impact teaching practices that improve outcomes in reading, writing, and speaking and listening. (Department of Education and Training [DET] 2019).

The Toolkit contains resources that can help build coherent literacy and/or numeracy improvement cultures in a range of different disciplines (DET, 2019).   

Department of Education and Training. (2019). Literacy teaching toolkit. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/Pages/default.aspx

• Where no date is specified use n.d. 
• If the name of a department or agency is long and the abbreviation is familiar to readers, cite the full name and provide the abbreviation in square brackets in the first instance. Use the abbreviation in subsequent references. 
• Use sentence case for titles of articles, books, reports and webpages, even if the title case was used in the original work; capitalise each word for journal titles. 

Curriculum resources and standards

Department/Organisation. (Year). Title , Site name (exclude if same as author name). URL. 

VCAA Victorian Curriculum

The Humanities framework of the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (n.d.) is one that allows students to examine the complex processes that have shaped the modern world. 

In History and Geography, students explore the processes that have shaped, and which continue to shape, different societies and cultures (VCAA, n.d.). 

Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (n.d.). About the humanities . https://victoriancurriculum.vcaa.vic.edu.au/the-humanities/introduction/about-the-humanities 

AITSL Australian professional standards for teachers

In-text citation  .

The Australian professional standards for teachers outline seven standards in the areas of professional knowledge, professional practice and professional engagement (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership [AITSL], n.d.). 

The first standard, “Know students and how they learn”, focuses on physical, social, and intellectual development and characteristics of students (AITSL, n.d.). 

Reference list  

Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership. (n.d.). Australian professional standards for teachers . https://www.aitsl.edu.au/standards 

Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA)

The early years are critical for establishing self-esteem, resilience, healthy growth and capacity to learn (Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority [ACECQA], n.d.).  

StartingBlocks is an initiative which provides parents with information about early childhood education and care to help them make the best choice for their child and family (ACECQA, n.d.). 

Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority. (n.d.). What is the NQF?  https://www.acecqa.gov.au/nqf/about. 

If the publisher is the same as the author, omit the publisher’s name. 

Professional associations and industry organisations

Organisation. (Year, Month if known). Title . URL.

Early Childhood Australia

Be You is a national initiative that equips educators to support the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people from birth to 18 years, providing an end-to-end approach for early learning services, school age care services, primary schools, and secondary schools across Australia (Early Childhood Australia [ECA], 2022). 

Early Childhood Australia. (2022). Be you early learning. https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/our-work/beyou/#:~:text=You_Early_Learning-,What_is_Be_You%3F,and_secondary_schools_across_Australia 

Victorian Aboriginal Education Association (VAEA)

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are twice as likely to be more developmentally vulnerable early in life than non-Indigenous children because of the continuing impact of colonization (Victorian Aboriginal Education Association [VAEA], 2020). 

Introductory protocols are important. Be prepared to spend time sharing personal background information about yourself and the purpose of your activity. Realise that relationships take time to develop (VAEA, 2020). 

Victorian Aboriginal Education Association. (2020). Aboriginal early childhood cultural protocols. https://www.vaeai.org.au/wp-content/uploads/delightful-downloads/2020/06/2020Cutural_Protocols_VAEAI-1.pdf 

United Nations Children's Fund

Defined as an ongoing and repeated behaviour that intentionally causes harm, the physical, psychological and social effects of bullying can last a lifetime (United Children’s Nations Fund [UNICEF], 2014).  

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2014, September). Hidden in plain sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children.  https://data.unicef.org/resources/hidden-in-plain-sight-a-statistical-analysis-of-violence-against-children/ 

• When referencing a document from a webpage, follow the guidelines for citing a webpage and include a link to the document. 
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage 

Government documents

Organisation/Department. (year). Title (sentence case). (Report no., if available). https://URL [hyperlinked]

Department of Education and Training

In-text citation  .

The NAPLAN has been found to have the potential to narrow the curriculum, thus restricting student learning, in several ways (Department of Education and Training [DET], 2019). 

Teachers can focus their lessons exclusively to those aspects of the curriculum that are being tested by NAPLAN, denying students access to the rich array of topics offered through other subjects (DET, 2019). 

Department of Education and Training. (2017). NAPLAN review interim report https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/about/programs/NAPLANreviewinterimreport_nov2019.pdf  

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2022), child deaths have halved from 20 to 10 deaths per 100,000 children. 

A recently released report shows that most Australian children are healthy, safe and doing well, but there is scope for further gains in some areas (AIHW, 2022). 

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2022). Australia’s children. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/australias-children/contents/executive-summary  

Australian Bureau of Statistics

In the last 12 months, 42% of Australians aged 15-74 (7.8 million people) have participated in learning (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2021). 

Online learning is currently the most common way work-related training is delivered (ABS, 2021). 

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Work-related training and adult learning, Australia. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education/work-related-training-and-adult-learning-australia/2020-21   

If the name of a department or agency is long and the abbreviation is familiar to readers, cite the full name and provide the abbreviation in brackets in the first instance. Use the abbreviation in subsequent references. 

Streaming videos

The format of streaming video references can vary depending on the production company behind the video an the platform it is accessed on.

Producer/Writer/Presenter/Speaker, Initials. [screen name]. (year, month day). Title [Video file]. URL

Always provide information about the person (producer) who has uploaded the video. Provide their real name and then the screen name/username in square brackets. If only the screen name is known, provide this without brackets.

You can also cite a person who appears in the video, even if they didn't produce the video.

To cite the words of individuals featured in a video, name or describe the individual(s) in your sentence in the text and then provide a parenthetical citation for the video.

See further details

Mike Christiansen, a 9th grade social studies teacher at Kent-Meridian High School in Kent, WA, uses YouTube in his classroom to transform it into a 21st century learning environment (Teachers, 2012).

Teachers. (2012, September 13). 21st century classroom: YouTube @ Kent-Meridian High School. [YouTube]. 21st Century Classroom: YouTube @ Kent-Meridian High School

Speaker/presenter. (Year, month). Title of video [Video]. TED Conferences. URL.

Robinson (2010) makes the case for a radical shift from standardised schools to personalized learning -- creating conditions where kids' natural talents can flourish.

A radical shift from standardised schools to personalised learning is advocated as a way of helping children to develop their natural talents (Robinson, 2010).

Robinson, K. (2010, May). Bring on the learning revolution! [Video]. TED2010. https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_bring_on_the_learning_revolution?language=en  

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Director). (Year video was created, Month Day if known). Title of video [Video]. Name of Streaming Service.

When an elementary school in the United States implemented a gender training course for its teachers, it resulted in a significant and positive impact on student wellbeing outcomes (Sturnik, 2016).

Sturnik, J. (Director). (2016). Creating gender inclusive schools. [Video]. Kanopy. 

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• Last Updated: Mar 15, 2024 4:53 PM
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Harvard Reference Style

• Introduction
• Harvard in-text references
• Harvard reference list
• Films (Motion pictures)
• Government publications
• Images/Figures/Tables
• Journal articles
• Lecturer notes/handouts
• Magazine articles
• Newspaper articles
• Personal communication
• PowerPoint slides
• Proceedings from conferences
• Secondary sources
• Social media
• Television programmes
• Theses/Dissertations
• Harvard: Reference list example

Quick Links

• Harvard: Examples of references

Government publications: Reference format

A basic reference list entry for a government publication:

• Name of the country
• Full name of government department
• Title  (Report series and number if available)
• Print copies: Place: Publisher 
• Online copies: DOI/Available: URL [Date of access]

South Africa. Department of Home Affairs. 2006.  Annual report  (RP53/2006). Pretoria: Government printer.

Government publications: Examples

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Harvard referencing

• Introduction to referencing
• In-text citation
• Secondary referencing
• How to reference books & eBooks
• How to reference journals & newspapers
• How to reference the Internet

UK Statutes (Acts of Parliament) pre-1963

Uk statutes (acts of parliament) post-1963, government department publication, how to reference legal cases.

• How to reference standards & reports
• How to reference audio visual sources
• How to reference live performances
• How ro reference Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools
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• Last Updated: Oct 11, 2023 4:12 PM
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• How it works

How to Cite Documents, Regulations, Guidelines, and Other Sources in Harvard Referencing Style?

Published by Alaxendra Bets at August 15th, 2021 , Revised On August 23, 2023

However, according to different Universities, there are various rules of Harvard citations. We have tried to provide you with a detailed guide about the format of in-text citation and referencing such materials.

Note:  Always check the instructions of referencing your University

Regulations, Acts, and Protocols

Note: Examples are created randomly to explain to you, and they don’t belong to any specific source.

Conferences and Presentations

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How to Cite Page Numbers and Paragraphs?

As we have discussed the Harvard referencing style follows the  author-date system  of in-text citation. When you are using books, it’s essential to mention page numbers of the information you’ve used in your assignment. You can follow this format for mentioning page numbers. If the authors’ number is more than one, you can follow the format as mentioned- above while listing the authors’ names in your citation.

Press Release

Who is a corporate author.

A corporate author can be an agency or organisation that authorises and commissions publications.

Note:  If you found it online, you can follow this format (Corporate Author, (Year published).  Title . [online] Available at URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].

Religious Texts

Dictionaries.

Also Read:  What is the Harvard Referencing Style?

Archived Materials

Archived materials are the historical data that is used as evidence of past incidents, events that occurred, or studies conducted. These are collected and stored by universities, libraries, historical researchers, organisations, and repositories. Archived materials include documents, manuscripts, diaries, and letters, etc.

How to Cite Unpublished Works and Personal Communications?

Can you use the material or information that is not published or available in printed form? While using unpublished work, many people do not realise the importance of acknowledging the sources.

The sources such as unpublished documents and personal discussions among friends or colleagues look like common knowledge. However, if you are using the words spoken by others, you need to acknowledge the source’s speaker and author to avoid  plagiarism.

Unpublished Works

Sometimes you may have to use a document before it is published, and you may not be able to provide full details of the source. In such situations, you can follow the given format

Personal Communications or Discussions

When you are using informal personal communication, e.g., letter, email, phone call, or discussion, you should provide as much detail as you can access, including the nature of the conversation. Always take permission before quoting these sources and also retain a copy for reference.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you cite a regulation in harvard style.

In Harvard style, citing a regulation involves:

• Title of regulation
• Year of publication
• Regulation number (if applicable)
• Regulation source (e.g., official gazette)
• URL (if online) Example: Title of Regulation, Year, Regulation Number, Source, URL.

You May Also Like

If you are using any electronic sources such as images, audios, videos, webpages, etc. you need to acknowledge the sources to avoid plagiarism.

In Harvard referencing style, the basics of in-text citation for personal communications.

Citing encyclopedia article: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year Published). Title. In: Publication Title. City: Publisher, p.Pages Used.

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• How It Works

Q. How do I cite protocols, regulations and guidelines in the Harvard referencing style?

These often relate to official procedures, rules and guidance from health, government and other corporate bodies (for example NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence).

• 10 Academic Skills (ASK)
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• 19 Theses and Dissertations
• 6 University Information
• 11 Welcome Desk
• 1 Write-N-Cite

Answered By: Shazia Arif Last Updated: 04 Dec, 2023     Views: 931

Here's the layout for the citation:.

• Year of publication (in round brackets)
• Title (in italics)
• Series or publication number (if given)
• Place of publication: Publisher

If accessed online:

• Available at: DOI  or  URL (Accessed: date)

In-text citation

The hospital’s guideline (Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, 2020) and the updated guidance (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [hereafter NICE], 2021)...

Reference list

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (2020)  Ciclosporin after bone marrow transplant . 2020F0542. Available at: https://media.gosh.nhs.uk/documents/Ciclosporin_after_BMT_F0542_FINAL_May20_0.pdf (Accessed: 30 May 2023).

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE] (2021)  Postnatal care . NG194. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng194 (Accessed: 18 November 2023)

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How to reference key online resources for Education (APA 7th)

Use this template for webpages & for PDFs retrieved from the web:

Author. (Year or Year, Month Date). Title [Form, if needed ]. Site name (exclude if same as author name). URL

This table shows how to format in-text citations and full references for key educational resources in APA 7th:

Tips for referencing websites and online documents (using APA 7th)

Visit our fedcite guide  for examples of references and in-text citations for webpages and online documents. , see below for supplementary advice to help you with specific referencing issues that you may encounter., referencing websites.

• You must include an in-text citation and reference list entry for a website/ webpage if you mention specific information from it, whether you are paraphrasing or quoting directly.
• If you are talking in general about a website, without mentioning any specific information on that site, simply give the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses. There is no need to include a reference list entry. 

Reference list entries for webpages and PDFs

• Give name of corporate author in full (not as an abbreviation or acronym) in the reference list.
• Include only the specific agency responsible for the publication - do not include the name of parent organisations (e.g. State Government of Victoria) unless you need to avoid ambiguity.
• Provide as specific a date as possible for webpages (as displayed on the individual page) or use (n.d.) if there is no date given.
• Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date rather than the year of creation or copyright.
• Give the title of the specific page. If there is no title, give a short descriptive phrase in square brackets.
• In many cases, the website's name is the same as the name of the corporate author. Whenever this is the case, omit the site name from the reference list entry to avoid repetition.

In-text citations for webpages and PDFs

• The first time you refer to an organisation or government body in an in-text citation, include the full name, followed by the abbreviated form or acronym (if it is well-known and commonly-used) in square brackets.  e.g. (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations [DEEWR], 2009).
• In subsequent in-text citations, include only the abbreviated form or acronym (if it is well-known and commonly-used) e.g. (DEEWR, 2009)
• When quoting directly from a PDF, include a page number, e.g. (DEEWR, 2009, p. 11).
• When quoting directly from a webpage, include the section title or paragraph number, e.g. (VCAA, n.d., para. 3). If paragraphs are not numbered, simply count them yourself.

Referencing multiple pages from within the same website

• Reference each webpage separately and use lower case letter suffixes (as described in following section below) to distinguish between each one.

Referencing multiple sources with same author and same year of publication

• When you refer to more than one source published by the same author in the same year, distinguish each source by using a lower-case letter immediately after the year within the brackets.
• In the reference list, order these works alphabetically by title. In-text citations should include the same corresponding letter.
• NOTE: If the date is given as (n.d.), add a hyphen before the lower-case letter. e.g. (n.d.-a)

Example: In-text

… other strategies are mentioned (Department of Education and Training [DET], 2019a)

… as described in the Toolkit (DET, 2019b) 

Example: Reference list

Department of Education and Training. (2019a). High impact teaching strategies: Excellence in teaching and learning. 

https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/support/high-impact-teaching-strategies.pdf

Department of Education and Training. (2019b ). Literacy teaching toolkit. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/

school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/Pages/default.aspx

APA Style website

For more information on how to reference webpages, visit the APA Style website:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Webpage on a website references . APA style.  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpage-website-references

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Leeds Harvard: Government document or departmental circular (UK)

Reference examples.

For paper copies, reference these using the same format as  book .

For online copies, reference these using the same format as  e-book .

Use the Government department/committee/organisation as the author.

Lord Chancellor's Department and Department of Health. 1993.  Child witness pack . London: Home Office.

Citation examples

Author and date.

When the author name is not mentioned in the text, the citation consists of the author’s name and the year of publication in brackets.

It was emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent (Jones, 2017).

If you have already named the author in the text, only the publication year needs to be mentioned in brackets.

Jones (2017) emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent.

Three or more authors

If a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase "et al."

It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2017).

Jones et al. (2017) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent.

Leeds Harvard does not use ibid to refer to previously cited items. If you are citing the same item twice in a row (i.e. you do not cite any other items in the text between the two citations) you must write the full citation again. As usual, if you are directly quoting or paraphrasing specific ideas, you should include a page number (if there is one). 

Jones et al. (2017, p.24) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent and argued that referencing is a key part of academic integrity (2017, p.27). Furthermore, having a broad range of references in a text is an indicator of the breadth of a scholar's reading and research (Jones et al., 2017, p.14).

Corporate author

If the item is produced by an organisation, treat the organisation as a "corporate author". This means you can use the name of the organisation instead of that of an individual author. This includes government departments, universities or companies. Cite the corporate author in the text the same way as you would an individual author.

According to a recent report, flu jabs are as important as travel vaccines (Department of Health, 2017).  

When to include page numbers

You should include page numbers in your citation if you quote directly from the text, paraphrase specific ideas or explanations, or use an image, diagram, table, etc. from a source.

"It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent" (Jones, 2017, p.24).

When referencing a single page, you should use p. For a range of pages, use pp.

p.7 or pp.20-29.

If the page numbers are in Roman numerals, do not include p. before them.

(Amis, 1958, iv)

Common issues

When you're referencing with Leeds Harvard you may come across issues with missing details, multiple authors, edited books, references to another author's work or online items, to name a few. Here are some tips on how to deal with some common issues when using Leeds Harvard.

Skip straight to the issue that affects you:

• Online items
• URL web addresses
• Multiple authors
• Corporate author(s) or organisation(s)
• Multiple publisher details
• Editions and reprints
• Missing details
• Multiple sources with different authors
• Sources written by the same author in the same year
• Sources with the same author in different years
• Two authors with the same surname in the same year
• The work of one author referred to by another
• Anonymising sources for confidentiality
• Identifying the authors’ family name (surname)

How to Reference CAPS Documents Harvard Style

Referencing CAPS documents in Harvard style is an essential skill for educators, students, and professionals involved in the educational sector in South Africa. This guide provides a straightforward approach to accurately citing these documents in your academic work, ensuring your references are clear and consistent.

Table of Contents

Understanding the Importance of Accurate Referencing

Accurate referencing of CAPS documents is crucial for several reasons:

• Ensures academic integrity by giving credit to the original source of information.
• Allows readers to locate the original sources easily if they wish to explore them further.
• Avoids plagiarism by acknowledging the Department of Basic Education ‘s efforts in creating these resources.

Components of a Harvard Reference

When referencing a CAPS document , the Harvard style requires specific information in a set order. The basic components include:

• Author : The entity that produced the document.
• Year of publication : When the document was published or released.
• Title of the document : Including any subtitles, italicized.
• Publisher : The organization that issued the document.
• Place of publication : The location where the publisher is based.

Examples of Referencing CAPS Documents

Here are examples of how to reference different CAPS documents in Harvard style :

• Department of Basic Education. (2011). Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) . Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.
• Department of Basic Education. (2011). Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS): Mathematics Grade 10-12 . Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.
• Department of Basic Education. (2013). Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) Revision: English First Additional Language Grade 4-6, Second Edition . Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.

Tips for Accurate Harvard Referencing of CAPS Documents

To ensure your references are accurate and follow the Harvard style correctly, keep these tips in mind:

• Italicize the title of the CAPS document to differentiate it from the rest of the reference.
• Ensure the year of publication is correct and corresponds to the version of the CAPS document you used.
• Double-check the spelling of the Department of Basic Education to avoid any errors.
• Capitalize only the first word of the title and any proper nouns; all other words should be in lowercase unless they are part of a proper noun.

By following these guidelines, you can accurately reference CAPS documents in Harvard style , contributing to the clarity and credibility of your academic work.

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How to Reference CAPS Documents Harvard Style

Referencing CAPS documents in Harvard style is an essential skill for educators, students, and professionals involved in the educational sector in South Africa. This guide provides a straightforward approach to accurately citing these documents in your academic work, ensuring your references are clear and consistent.

Table of Contents

Understanding the Importance of Accurate Referencing

Accurate referencing of CAPS documents is crucial for several reasons:

• Ensures academic integrity by giving credit to the original source of information.
• Allows readers to locate the original sources easily if they wish to explore them further.
• Avoids plagiarism by acknowledging the Department of Basic Education ‘s efforts in creating these resources.

Components of a Harvard Reference

When referencing a CAPS document , the Harvard style requires specific information in a set order. The basic components include:

• Author : The entity that produced the document.
• Year of publication : When the document was published or released.
• Title of the document : Including any subtitles, italicized.
• Publisher : The organization that issued the document.
• Place of publication : The location where the publisher is based.

Examples of Referencing CAPS Documents

Here are examples of how to reference different CAPS documents in Harvard style :

• Department of Basic Education. (2011). Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) . Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.
• Department of Basic Education. (2011). Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS): Mathematics Grade 10-12 . Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.
• Department of Basic Education. (2013). Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) Revision: English First Additional Language Grade 4-6, Second Edition . Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.

Tips for Accurate Harvard Referencing of CAPS Documents

To ensure your references are accurate and follow the Harvard style correctly, keep these tips in mind:

• Italicize the title of the CAPS document to differentiate it from the rest of the reference.
• Ensure the year of publication is correct and corresponds to the version of the CAPS document you used.
• Double-check the spelling of the Department of Basic Education to avoid any errors.
• Capitalize only the first word of the title and any proper nouns; all other words should be in lowercase unless they are part of a proper noun.

By following these guidelines, you can accurately reference CAPS documents in Harvard style , contributing to the clarity and credibility of your academic work.

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