lifelines of national economy class 10 case study questions

Case Study Questions Class 10 Geography -Lifelines of National Economy

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Case study Questions on Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7  are very important to solve for your exam. Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 Case Study Questions Class 10 Geography has been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving case study-based questions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

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In CBSE Class 10 Social Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on  Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Lifelines of National Economy Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Social Science  Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1: Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible for people to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. Apart from being an important means of transport, the Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of industry and agriculture. The Indian Railway is now reorganised into 16 zones. The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic, and administrative factors. The Northern plains with their vast level, high population density, and rich agricultural resources provided the most favorable condition for their growth. However, a large number of rivers requiring the construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels

(i) Which of the following factors are responsible for distribution pattern of railways network in the country? Identify the correct option: (a) Topographical factors (b) Economic and administrative factors (c) Social factors (d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

(ii) Assertion (A): Rail Transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the Northern Plains. Reason (R): The Northern Plains are densely populated, which enables the maximum number of people to utilize this means of transport. Codes (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and Rare true, but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(iii) When was the first railway line opened in India? (a) 1803 (b) 1823 (c) 1853 (d) 1854

Answer: (c) 1853

(iv) Why Indian railway network is mostly concentrated in Ganga Plains? (a) Due to concentration of Industries. (b) Due to topographical uniformity and high density of population. (c) Due to high agricultural production. (d) Due to lack of economic opportunities.

Answer: (b) Due to topographical uniformity and high density of population.

Why are the Indian Railways called the lifeline of the country? (a) Railways in India bind the economic life of the country. (b) It is the largest public undertaking in the country. (c) Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

(vi) Why is it essential to develop a unigauge system of railways in our country? (a) It will lead to a reduction in trans-shipment. (b) Because it has a larger capacity. (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) It will bring administrative convenience.

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Case Study 2: The chapter “Lifelines of National Economy” in Class 10 Geography focuses on the transportation network and its crucial role in connecting various regions and supporting economic activities. It explores different modes of transportation, including roadways, railways, waterways, and airways, and their significance in the movement of goods, people, and services. The chapter discusses the development of transportation infrastructure, such as the Golden Quadrilateral, dedicated freight corridors, and national waterways. It also highlights the challenges faced in transportation, such as inadequate infrastructure, congestion, and environmental concerns. Additionally, the chapter examines the role of communication networks, including the internet, in facilitating trade, commerce, and connectivity.

Which chapter in Class 10 Geography focuses on the transportation network?

a) Chapter 2: Forests and Wildlife Resources

b) Chapter 4: Agriculture

c) Chapter 7: Minerals and Energy Resources

d) Chapter 10: Lifelines of National Economy

Answer: d) Chapter 10: Lifelines of National Economy

What are the different modes of transportation discussed in the chapter?

a) Only roadways and railways

b) Only waterways and airways

c) Only railways and airways

d) Roadways, railways, waterways, and airways

Answer: d) Roadways, railways, waterways, and airways

What is the significance of transportation in the economy?

a) It has no impact on economic activities.

b) It facilitates the movement of goods, people, and services.

c) It hinders economic development.

d) It promotes environmental conservation.

Answer: b) It facilitates the movement of goods, people, and services.

What are some of the challenges faced in transportation?

a) Adequate infrastructure and efficient connectivity

b) Lack of congestion and environmental concerns

c) Inadequate infrastructure, congestion, and environmental concerns

d) High speed and seamless connectivity

Answer: c) Inadequate infrastructure, congestion, and environmental concerns

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Lifeline of National Economy Questions | Class 10 | Social Science | Unit 2 | Chapter 7

Lifelines of national economy questions .

Below are some of the very important NCERT Class 10 Social Science Unit 2 Chapter 7 Lifelines Of National Economy Questions. These Class 10 Lifelines of National Economy Questions have been prepared by expert teachers and subject experts based on the latest syllabus and pattern of term 2. Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept.

These Questions for Class 10 Social Science Lifelines of National Economy Questions with answers are very important for the latest CBSE term 2 pattern. These class 10 notes,  Q and A are very important for students who want to score high in CBSE Board.

We have put together these NCERT  Questions of Class 10 Social Science unit 2 chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy Questions for practice on a regular basis to score high in exams. Refer to these Questions with Answers here along with a detailed explanation.

Short Answer (SA) Type Questions

1. How has the world been converted into a global village? Explain.

2. What has necessitated the need for transport? Is it  right to say that efficient means of transport are prerequisites for fast development? Justify. Or “Efficient means of transport are prerequisites for fast development of the country.” Support the statement with examples. 

3. State the ways by which means of transport and communication help the growth of industries in India.

4. “Roadways have an edge over Railways.” Support the statement with examples

5. “Distribution of roads is not uniform in India. Support the statement with examples. 

6. Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled roads? What is the role of border roads’ and national highways in transportation? Or Explain the importance of ‘Border Roads’ for India. 

7. “Rail transport suffers from certain problems in India. Support the statement with examples.  

8. Explain any two merits and two demerits of pipeline transport.

9. Explain briefly the advantages that result in using waterways as a mode of transport for heavy and bulky goods. 

10. Explain any four characteristics of Kandla sea port.

11. Distinguish between a major port and a minor port. 

12. Why is air transport more popular in the NorthEastern part of the country? Give three reasons. Or “Airways is the most preferred mode of transport in North-Eastern states of India.” Give three reasons to prove this preference. 

13. Explain any four merits and two demerits of air transport.  

14. Classify communication services into two categories? Explain main features of each communication services are classified into personal.

Short Answer Type Questions Answer

The world has been converted into a village with help or efficient and fast moving transport and communication facilities in the following ways   

• Daily flights to different countries and improved technology to develop fast means of transportation has connected the countries.
• Computer and internet facilities supported by satellite services have made the world a small village where it and information can be reached at almost instantly 
• Every country is well-linked with the rest of the world through various means of transport and communication.   
• Means of transportation such as railways, airways, waterways and means of communication such as newspapers, radio, television, cinema, internet, etc have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways. 

The need for transport has been necessitated due to the need for movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations or markets. 

Some  people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to  the consumers by transportation. 

Efficient means of transport are prerequisite for fast  development because more development of goods and  services are not enough. The goods need to be -transported from one place to another in proper time for their distribution and consumption.

The ways by which means of transport and   communication help the growth of industries in India are   

• Transport facilities are required to transport raw materials from their source region to industrial locations.  
• Final products from industries also require transport facilities for their transportation to market.
• Communication lines supply required information about various industries.
• Means of transport and communication also help in reduction of regional imbalances resulting in balanced regional development 

Roadways still have an edge over the railways in India  because

• Construction cost of roads is much lower than railway lines.
• Roads can be constructed more easily in hilly terrains and undulating topography than railways.
• Roadways act as a feeder to other modes of transport, as  they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports. 
• Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances. 
• Road transport provides door-to-door service thus, the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.  

It is true that the distribution of roads is not uniform in India. For example,

• Density of roads (length of roads per 100 square km of area) varies from Jammu and Kashmir (UT), which has the lowest density of road to Kerala, which has the highest density of roads in the 
• The density of roads is high in most of the Northern states and major Southern states. It is low in the Himalayan region, North-Eastern region, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan due to their topography.  
• Nature of terrain and the level of economic development are the main determinants of the density of roads. Construction of roads is easy and cheaper in the plain areas while it is difficult and costly in hilly and   plateau areas. 

Metalled roads are better than unmetalled roads because they have a waterproof coating on their upper surface, this makes them usable in all seasons. On the other hand, unmetalled roads are difficult to use in the rainy season, as their upper surface becomes uneven due to absorption of rain water. 

Importance of border roads are

• They have improved accessibility in areas of difficult  terrain. 
• These roads help in the economic development of the border areas of the country.     

Role of National Highways is

• National highways link important parts of the country like state capitals and commercial centers.
• They enable fast and efficient movement of goods in areas connected to them. 

Rail transport suffers from certain problems which are:    

The infrastructure of railways is poor. For example, the  tracks are old and outdated which cause many serious railway accidents. This also leads to speed reduction and causes delays in the arrival of trains at stations.

Another major problem that is being faced in India is that a large number of passengers travel without purchasing tickets. Indian railways have to bear a huge loss on account of traveling without tickets.

The incidence of railway accidents in our country is greater as compared to other countries of the world. Accidents occur due to the errors and negligence of the employees. 

Merits of pipelines transport are

(i) There are no trans-shipment losses or delays in transportation of materials.

(ii) Their construction has made inland locations of refineries like Barauni and Mathura and gas based fertilizer plants viable.

Demerits of pipelines transport are

(i) Initial costs of laying pipelines are very high, particularly oil and gas pipelines which have to be laid underground.

(ii) Leakage in pipes or damage to the pipeline might pollute soil and contaminate groundwater, damaging the environment. 

Advantages/features of using waterways as mode of transport for heavy and bulky goods are 

• Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.  
• They are fuel-efficient and environment-friendly modes of transport.
• Heavy and bulky goods being exported or imported are easier for trans-shipment from waterways to ships on the coast, as the waterways lead to ports. 

The four characteristics of Kandla sea port are  

(i) It was the first port developed soon after independence. 

(ii) It was developed to reduce the volume of traffic on Mumbai port.

(iii) It is a tidal port.

(iv) It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly     granary and

industrialized belts including Jammu and Kashmir Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Difference between minor port and a major port are:-

Air transport of airways is the most preferred mode of transport in the North-Eastern states in India because

(i) Big and wide rivers are present in the North Eastern states, due to which rail or road bridges over them are difficult and costly to construct.

(ii) This area has dissected relief features, preventing durable construction of rail and road links.

(iii) Dense forests in this region create many difficulties in construction of railway lines and roads.

Merits of air transport are

(i) Air transport is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.

(ii) It can cover very difficult terrains with great ease. 

(iii) It makes access to far-flung and remote or otherwise inaccessible areas easier and quicker.

(iv) It provides transport services to offshore oil and gas exploration activities.

Demerits of air transport are

(i) Air transport is a very costly means of transportation

(ii) Places not having airports or helipads are not covered by it.

Communication services are classified into personal communication and mass communication  

Features of Personal connmunicalion are

• In personal conununicalion, people can express their thoughts and share with others.
• Letters, e-mails, SMS, telephone and mobile phone facilities including STD and ISD services are examples of personal communication.

Features of mass communication are

• Mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. 
• It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films. 

Long Answer (LA) Type Questions 

1. Explain the importance of means of transport as a  prerequisite for the development of a country.

2. Explain the importance of roadways as a means of transport. 

3. Classily the roads according to their capacity and describe the role of each.

4. Explain the importance of railways as a means of transport. 

5. Classify any five ports India according to their types and main purpose,

6. Describe any five points of importance of mass communication. Or Write any three importance of means of mass communication.

7. “International trade is considered the economic  barometer of a country.” Justify the statement with arguments.

8. The pace of change in the communication sector has  been rapid in modern times.” Support the statement  with examples. 

Long Answer Type Questions Answer

Efficient means of transport are prerequisite for fast development because more development of goods and services are not enough alone.

The importance of means of transport is

• Transportation offers numerous opportunities within the employment sector. Traffic control, pilots, captains, delivery services and drivers are some of the jobs that are provided through this indushy. Thus, it also helps the country to reduce the unemployment rate.
• High quality transport links ensure that communities can access basic services, facilities and employment  opportunities. The connectivity provided by such links promotes social inclusion. It can also reduce social  isolation and enhance quality of life. 
• Transport facilities are also required to transport raw  materials from their source region to industrial  locations such as transportation of coal to iron and steel industry.
• Final products from industries also require transport facilities for their transportation to market so that  consumers are able to buy them. 
• Availability of transport services i.e. roadways, railways and waterways (wherever there is scope) help in  increasing trade, connect the areas and facilitate movement of people. This helps in the development of a country.

The importance of roadways as a means of transport is

• Road transport is economical in transportation of few Persons and relatively smaller amounts of goods over short distances.
• Road transport also provides door-to-door service, thus, the cost of loading and unloading is much lower. 
• Road transport links other forms of transport like between railway stations, air and sea ports.  
• National and state highways help in linking    extreme parts of the state and country. Through roads the entire country is connected. 
• People can go from one place to another in search of jobs, businesses, tourism etc goods can be transported due to proper linking of roads. Thus, roadways are very important.

In India, roads are classified in six classes according to their capacity as

Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways . This super  highway links India’s four largest metropolitan cities,

 i.e. Delhi-Kolkata- Chennai-Mumbai.

The North-South and East-West corridors are part of this.  These highways reduce time and distance between  mega cities. 

National Highways . These are primary road systems  that link important parts of the country.

State Highways. These roads link a state capital with  its district headquarters. These are constructed by the State Public Works Department.

District Roads .  These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district.

Rural Roads . These roads, also known as other roads, link rural areas and villages with towns.

Border Roads . These roads are constructed along the international border of India by the Border Road Organization. It has improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.

The importance of Indian Railways as a means of  transport is 

• Railways are considered as the principal mode of  transportation for freight and passengers in India. Daily a lot of commuters and office goers travel through railways.  
• Railways provide a cheap mode of transport to all. It is cheaper as compared to other modes of transport like airways.
• Railways help to conduct various activities, viz, business, sightseeing, pilgrimage, transportation of goods over long distances etc. Through these activities railways add more revenue to the economy of a country.   
• Railways bind the economic life of our country by accelerating the development of industry and agriculture.
• The Indian Railways is the largest public sector undertaking in the country which is the biggest employer in India.

The ports of India according to their types and main purpose are

(i) Chennai Port (Tamil Nadu)

• Type of Port: It is one of’ oldest artificial ports in India.
• Purpose. It is made up for trade and cargo

(ii) Haldia Port (West Bengal)

• Type of Port It is a subsidiary port to relieve pressure on port,
• Purpose. It is made for decongesting Kolkata port.

(iii) Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Maharashtra)  

• Type of Port. It is specialized in handling   container shipments.
• Purpose. It is made for decongesting Mumbai port and serves as a hub for the region. 

(iv) Kandla Port (Gujarat) 

• Type of Port. It is a tidal port. 
• Purpose. It was developed after independence to ease the volume of trade on Mumbai port. 

(v) Kochi Port (Kerala) 

• Type of Port. It is a natural port located at the entrance of a lagoon. 
• Purpose. It specialized in handling container shipments.

Importance of mass communication is :

(i) Mass communication is required to spread the flow of information up to the grassroot level. Therefore,  the government has made a special provision to extend 24 hours STD facility to every village in the country.

(ii) All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages for various categories of people spread over different parts of the country.  

(iii) Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmes for entertainment, educational programmes to sports, etc. for people of different age groups.

(iv) India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals annually for providing information.

(v) India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It produces short films, video feature films and video short films for entertainment. 

International trade is considered the economic barometer of a country because

• As the resources are linnitecl no cot.jn try can survive without international trade.
• Goods or resources possessed by one coun are required by other anci vice-versa, these differences create conditions for international trade, 
• Foreign trade has helped India to improve its productivity of manufactured goods. International trade contributes to India’s economic growth, raising income levels of people.
• In recent years, exchange of information has benefitted in greater exchange goods across states and countries.
• India has emerged as. a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology. 

The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times as a result of which long distance communication has become easier without physical  movement of the communicator or receiver. For example,  

• The advanced communication meant to save our time and   money as well. Personal communication and mass communication including television, radio, press, films etc, are the major means of communication.
• The Indian postal network handles parcels as well as personal written communication. It also deals with first   class mail (e.g. cards, envelopes) and second-class mail  (e.g. books, packets, periodicals, registered newspapers) which are carried by different means of transport. 

To facilitate quick delivery of mail in large towns and cities, six mail channels namely Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel have been introduced recently. 

• The use of mobile phones has also provided a boost to the communication sector in modern times.  

Case-Study Based Questions  

1. Read the case/source given and answer the following questions. 

The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by Physiographic, economic and administrative factors. The Northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favorable condition for their growth. 

However, a large number of rivers requiring construction or bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles.

In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through hills, gaps of tunnels. 

The Himalayan mountains region is unfavorable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparsh population and lack of economic opportunities.

Likewise, it was difficult to lay railway lines on the sand plain    of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand. The contiguous stretch Sahyadri could be crossed only through gaps passes (Ghats).

In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India. It has also faced a number of problems such as sinking of track in some stretches and landslides.

(i) Which factors are largely responsible for influencing the railway network in India? Write any one merit of railways. 

(ii) Why is it difficult to construct railway lines in the Peninsular region and Himalayan region?  

(iii) Although the railways have become more important in our national economy, still this transport is facing a number of problems. Why? State any two reasons.

2. Read the cases/sources given and answer the following questions. 

Source A Golden Quadrilateral Super  

Highways   

The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six lane superHighways the north-south corridor linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and east west corridor containing Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat) are part of this project the major objective of the super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the Mega cities of India this Highways projects are being implemented by the national highway Authority of India (NHAI).

(i) What is the Golden Quadrilateral? To what extent do you agree that Golden Quadrilateral Super  Highways are important for our country? Give only  one aspect.

Source B National Highways

National Highways link extreme parts of the country. These are the primary road systems and  are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). A number of major National Highways run in North-South and East—West directions. The historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No. 1, between Delhi and Amritsar. 

(ii) To what extent do you agree that India needs a number of National Highways? Give only one reason. Discuss the role of National Highways. 

Source C State Highways

Roads linking a state capital with different district  headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in State and Union Territories. 

(iii) Evaluate the importance of state highways.

Case-Study Type Questions Answer

(i) Factors which are largely responsible for influencing the railway network in India are physiographic, economic and administrative factors.

An advantage or merit of railways is that they make it possible to conduct many activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. 

(ii) It is difficult to construct railway lines in the Peninsular region and Himalayan region because

• The Peninsular region and the Himalayan region are  hilly and mountainous regions. Peninsular region has undulating topography were railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
• On the other hand the Himalayas have high relief,  sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.

(iii) It is true that railways have become more important in our national economy but still this transport is facmg a number of problems which are:-

• Many passengers travel by trains without tickets. This incurs heavy loss of rail budget. 

• People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway.

Golden Quadrilateral comprises the National Highways connecting Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai- Kolkata by a 6-lane Super Highway. 

I agree that Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways are important for our country because these highways reduce time and distance between mega cities of India.

I agree that India needs a number of National Highways because India is a vast country and National Highways link extreme parts of the country with each other. Role of National Highways is 

• National Highways link important parts of the country like state capitals and commercial sectors. 

Importance of state Highways is 

• State Highways are structured within a state to provide better connectivity of roads and places.
• These Highways link a state capital with different district headquarters

Click Below To Learn Other Chapters SSc (Term 2 Syllabus)

• Unit 1. Sec 1 Chapter 2: Nationalism In India
• Unit 1. Sec 2 Chapter 3: The Making Of Global World
• Unit 2. Chapter 3: Minerals And Energy Resources 
• Unit 2. Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries 
• Unit 2. Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy 
• Unit 3. Chapter 6: Political Parties 
• Unit 3. Chapter 7: Outcome of Democracy
• Unit 4. Chapter 3: Money And Credit 
• Unit 4. Chapter 4: Globalization And The Indian Economy 

Final Words

From the above article, you have practiced Class 10 Social Science unit 2 chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy Questions. We hope that the above-mentioned notes, Q & A for term 2 will surely help you in your exam. 

If you have any doubts or queries regarding Class 12 Social Science unit 2 chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy Questions feel free to reach us and we will get back to you as early as possible.

Click Below To Learn Term 2 Science Syllabus All Chapters

• Chapter 4: Carbon And Its Compounds Notes / Questions 
• Chapter 5 : Periodic Classification of Elements Notes / Questions
• Chapter 8 : How Do Organism Reproduce  Notes / Questions
• Chapter 9 : Heredity And Evolution Notes / Questions
• Chapter 12 : Electricity Notes / Questions
• Chapter13 : Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes / Questions
• Chapter15 : Our Environment Notes / Questions 

Lifelines of National Economy

Class 10 - ncert geography contemporary india 2 solutions, multiple choice questions.

Which two of the following extreme locations are connected by the east-west corridor?

• Mumbai and Nagpur
• Mumbai and Kolkata

Silchar and Porbandar

• Nagpur and Siligudi

Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?

Which one of the following states is not connected with the H.V.J. pipeline?

• Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

• Uttar Pradesh

Which one of the following ports is the deepest land-locked and well-protected port along the east coast?

Vishakhapatnam

Which one of the following is the most important modes of transportation in India?

Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries?

• Internal trade

International trade

• External trade
• Local trade

Answer in about 30 words

State any three merits of roadways.

Three merits of roadways are:

• Construction cost of roads is much lower than railway lines.
• Roads can be made on dissected and undulating topography.
• It provides door to door service.

Where and why is rail transport the most convenient means of transportation?

Rail transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the Northern plains because these plains are densely populated, rich in agriculture resources and construction of railways is easy due to vast levelled land.

What is the significance of the border roads?

Border roads are significant due to the following reasons:

• They have helped in the economic development of Northern and Northeastern border areas by improving accessibility.
• They have strengthened the defence preparedness of our country by enabling quick deployment of troops in the border areas.

What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?

The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade. Trade between two countries is called international trade. Trade carried out within the country in its states, cities, town and villages is called local trade.

Answer in about 120 words

Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?

The means of transportation and communication are called the lifelines of a nation and its economy because:

• The pace of a country's development depends not only on its capacity to produce goods and services but also on their seamless movement across the country. Therefore, efficient means of transport are prerequisites for national development.
• A dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a prerequisite for local, national and global trade of today.
• Transportation and communication networks connect different regions and communities within a country fostering social cohesion and economic integration.
• It enhances the country's disaster response, healthcare access, education and employment opportunities improving overall quality of life of the nation's population.
• It facilitates tourism which helps in promoting national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits and brings in foreign exchange.

Write a note on the changing nature of the international trade in the last fifteen years.

The changing nature of the international trade for India, in the last fifteen years has been marked by several key trends such as:

• India has developed trade relations with all the major trading blocks and all geographical regions of the world over the last fifteen years.
• India's services sector, particularly information technology (IT), software services, and business process outsourcing (BPO), has been a major contributor to its international trade.
• India has emerged as a major supplier of generic pharmaceuticals and healthcare services.
• The e-commerce boom has expanded global digital trade, with Indian companies and platforms taking advantage of this trend to sell products and services globally.
• India has increased its agricultural exports, including rice, cereals, spices, and fruits, to various countries.
• Tourism in India has seen substantial growth and helped in international trade. India is one of the top destinations for medical tourism, educational tourism, holidays and business tourism.

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• Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Notes CBSE Geography Chapter 7 (Free PDF Download)
• Revision Notes

Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Notes Geography Chapter 7 - PDF Download

With the rapid development of the country, our need, wants, and demands for the production of services, goods, and movement over space take an increase. Today, the world has turned over into a large production factory with the help of an efficient and fast-moving transport system. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world through its stable economy and well-connected transport.

Through the Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Notes, students will comprehend how the modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation and its modern economy.

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Access Class 10 Social Science (Geography) Chapter 7- Lifelines of National Economy Notes

There are three important areas of our planet where we can move goods and services, i.e., land, water, and air. On this basis, transportation can also be classified as land, sea, and air transportation. Let's have a fulsome discussion:

India has one of the world's largest road networks, totaling approximately 54.7 lakh kilometres. The increasing importance of road versus rail transportation is noted below:

Roads are much cheaper to build than rail.

Roads can negotiate higher slopes and can be easily integrated through mountains like the Himalaya.

Roads can cover geographically more difficult areas which cannot be built by rail.

In addition, it offers door-to-door service.

Highway transportation is economical.

Road transport connects train stations, airports and sea ports.

In India, the routes are ranked in the following six classes according to their capacity.

Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: Golden Quadrilateral is a system of motorways connecting the four main metropolitan cities of India, namely Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai. These road projects are delivered through the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

National Highways: National highways are a system of major highways that are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). The historic Sher-Shah Suri Marg is known as the National Road No.1, between Delhi and Amritsar.

State Highways: The roads connecting a state capital with several district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads have been built and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD).

District Roads: These roads connect the district head office to other locations in the district. These roads are managed by Zila Parishad.

Other Roads: Rural roads, which connect rural areas and towns to cities, are included in this category. Those roads received a particular impulse under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.

Border Roads: Border Roads Organization builds and maintains roads in neighboring parts of the country. This organization was created in 1960 to develop strategically important highways in the northern and northeastern border regions.

Highways can also be categorized according to the type of materials used in their construction, such as:

Metalled roads: Metallized roadways can be made from cement, concrete or even coal bitumen. They are all-season highways.

Unmetalled roads: Unmetalled roadways become unusable during the rainy season.

Railways are the primary means of transport for transporting large loads and bulky goods over long and short distances in India. Railways have increased in importance in the Indian economy. However, railway transportation also suffers from a number of problems, which are mentioned below:

Railroad lines on sandy plains are difficult to establish.

In the hilly terrain of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid across low hills, interstices and tunnels.

The mountainous regions of the Himalayas are also unfavourable to the building of railway lines due to the higher elevation points of the surface, the low population and the lack of economic opportunities.

Bridge construction is necessary across wide river beds to establish rail lines.

Pipelines : 

The pipeline system uses pipes, usually underground, for the transportation and distribution of fluids. They are used for the transportation of water, crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas, fertilizer plants and major thermal power plants. Solids can also be carried in a pipeline when they are processed into manure.

We have three major pipeline systems across this country.

From Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh

From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab

From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)

Waterways : 

Waterways are the least expensive method of transportation. They are more suitable for transporting large and heavy goods. It is a mode of transportation that is energy efficient and environmentally friendly.

The National Waterways in India are:

The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km)-N.W. No.1

The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km)-N.W. No.2

The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapurma-Kollam, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals-205 km) – N.W. No.3

Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with Kakinada Puducherry stretch of canals (1078 km) – N.W. No.4

Specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai river, delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast Canal (588 km) – N.W. No.5

The internal waterways in India are Mandavi, Zuari and Cumberjua, Sunderbans, Barak and Kerala backwaters through which transport takes place.

Major Sea Ports : 

Trade between India and foreign countries takes place through ports. There are 2 major and 200 notified non-majors (minor/intermediate) ports in India.  

The following is a list of the most important ports in India:

Mumbai is the largest harbor with a natural and well protected harbor.

The port of Marmagao (Goa) is India's most important iron ore exporting port.

Kandla in Kachchh was the first harbour to be developed following independence. It is also referred to as the port of Deendayal.

Kochchi is the south-west extremity of the harbour, located at the entrance to a lagoon.

The port of Mangalore, located in Karnataka, takes care of the export of iron ore.

Chennai is one of the oldest manmade harbours in India.

The port of Tuticorin lies at the extreme southeast.

Kolkata is an interior river harbour.

Visakhapatnam is the deepest port, enclosed and well protected.

Paradwip port situated in Odisha, specializes in exporting iron ore.

Haldia port was developed as a subsidiary port, in order to alleviate the increasing pressure on the port of Kolkata.

Airways : 

Air travel is the quickest, most comfortable and most prestigious mode of transportation. Air transportation has facilitated access to land areas such as high mountains, bleak deserts, dense forests and long oceans. The air transport was nationalised in 1953. Air India is a provider of domestic and international air services.Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provides helicopter services to Oil and Natural Gas Corporation for its offshore activities in inaccessible areas and difficult terrain. But air travel is not something that ordinary people can do.

Communication

Since the appearance of humans on Earth, they use different methods of communication. But, the rhythm of change, was rapid in the modern era. Long-range communication is much easier without the physical motion of the communicator or receiver.Individual and mass communication, including television, radio, press, cinema, etc. are the primary means of communication within the country. India has the largest postal service in the world. It is responsible for parcels and personal written communications. Cards and envelopes are considered to be first-class mail and are carried by air between land and air stations. Second-class mail consists of book packages, recorded journals and periodicals. They are transported by land and marine transportation.

International Trade : 

Trade in goods between persons, states and countries is called trade. Trade between one country and another is called international trade. It is regarded as the national economic barometer. Exports and imports are the building blocks of trade. A country's trade balance is the difference between their exports and imports.

If the value of imports is greater than the value of exports, then we are talking about an unfavourable trade balance.

When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, we speak of a favorable trade balance.

Products exported from India to other countries include precious stones and jewelry, chemicals and related products, agriculture and related products, and so on.

Products imported into India include crude oil and products, gemstones and jewellery, chemicals and related products, base metals, electronic goods, machinery, agriculture and related products.

Tourism as a Trade : 

Over 15 million people contribute directly to the tourism industry. Tourism in India:

Assistance for developing international understanding of Indian culture and heritage. International tourists travel to India for heritage tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.

Encourages national integration.

Support local craftwork and cultural activities.

Lifelines of National Economy

The Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 chapter deals with how the modern means of communication and transport serve as lifelines of our nation and students will get a brief understanding of the dense and efficient network of the transport system as a prerequisite for local, national, and global trade.

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The movement of services and goods occurs through three important domains on the Earth-Water, Land, and Air. Thus, based on these domains, the transport system can be classified into- the land medium, water medium, and the air medium of transport.

India has the largest road networks in the whole world that sum to about 54.7 lakh kilometre. The road is an essential economic means that also provides door-to-door service.

Road transport is an essential means that links between the air, seaports, and railway station mediums.

National Highways

The CPWD maintains the National Highways- Central Public Works Department and are a network of trunk roads. The historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg is present between Amristar and Delhi and is now named as the National Highway No.1.

State Highways

State Highways are roads that link the state capital with other multiple district headquarters that are constructed and marinated frequently by the PWD- State Public Works Department.

District Roads

District roads connect the district headquarters with other parts within the districts and are frequently maintained by the Zila Parishad.

Border Roads

Border Roads Organisation was established in the year 1960 and since, maintains and constructs different roads in the borderline areas of the country. The main goal of the Border Roads is the development of roads that are of strategic importance in the north-eastern and northern and border areas.

The dominant mode of transportation in India for carrying bulky goods and huge loads for short and long distances is the Railway system. Railways have become the essential transport chain in India's economy. Railway lines are difficult to lay on sandy plains.

Pipelines are networks that make use of pipes, usually underground pipes to distribute and transport fluids such as water, fertiliser factories, crude oil, thermal power plants, petroleum products, and natural gas. However, pipelines can even be used to transport solids when converted into a slurry.

Waterways are the most affordable means of transport and are best suited for carrying bulky and heavy goods. Waterways are an environmentally-friendly and fuel-efficient mode of transport. The five major important National Waterways in India are- N.W. No.1 between Allahabad and Haldia, N.W. No.2 between Sadiya and Dhubri, N.W. No.3 in Kerala, N.W. No.4 along with Kakinada Puducherry, and N.W. No.5 along the East Coast Canal.

Major Sea Ports

Seaports are the hub spot where the majority of India's trade with foreign countries is carried out. India comprises about 200 notified non-majors, also known as immediate or minor ports and two major ports. A few crucial ports in India are- Kochchi, Haldia, Kandla, Marmagao, and Paradwip port.

Airways are the most comfortable, prestigious, and fastest mode of transport in India. Air transport was nationalised throughout India in the year 1953 to provide domestic and international air services. Air travel has made people gain access more manageable to the terrain areas such as dreary deserts, long oceans, high mountains, and dense forests.

The Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd. provides air travel services to the Natural Gas and Oil Corporation. This means of transport helps the off-shore operations and provides service to rugged terrains and inaccessible areas. However, air service is not within reach of the common people.

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FAQs on Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Notes CBSE Geography Chapter 7 (Free PDF Download)

1. What are International Trade and its Importance in the Lifelines of National Economy Notes ?

International Trade is defined as the exchange of goods and services that occurs among states, countries, and people. International trade is often considered as the economic barometer for a country and includes import and export as the ultimatum components of the trade. The balance of international trade in a country states the difference between its imports and exports. There are two types of balance of trade- Favourable and Unfavourable balance of trade. Favourable balance of trade happens when the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, and Unfavourable balance of trade happens when the value of imports exceeds the value of exports. The commodities exported from India include jewellery, gems, chemicals, and other related objects. The commodities imported from India include petroleum crude and products, agricultural products, metals, and more.

2. What Role Does Communication Play in the Lifelines of National Economy?

India is one of the largest telecom networks in Asia and the standard Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) facilities set up all over Indian have made the integration of the development in space technology with communication technology possible. Three essential features of communication play an essential role as a Lifeline Of Indian Economy.

Mass Communication creates awareness and provides environment among people about multiple national policies and programmes such as newspapers, radio, books, television, and films. India publishes a considerable number of newspapers across the country in about 100 dialects and languages.

Akashwani or the Indian Radio Channel broadcasts multiple programmes in the local, regional, and national languages.

Doordarshan is the world's largest terrestrial network that functions as India's largest national television channel.

3. What is Chapter 7 all about? 

When you say lifeline, you can very well get an idea that it means something that is holding the entire system together in some way or the other. And here in this chapter called the Lifelines of the National Economy, you will get to know what exactly are called the lifelines for the nation’s economy. Vedantu describes this chapter and if you read it well you will know that the very efficient transport system of our country is being referred to as the economic lifeline.

4. What is Chapter 7 of Class 10 Social science Geography all about?

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 talks about the lifelines of the National Economy. Here it means the transport system that runs across the Nation. Transport system includes roadways, railways, airways, sea ways and everything else that helps in the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The economy would not have flourished in the country if there was no mode of communication and hence they are called the lifelines.

5. What is the significance of the lifelines of the national economy?

Transport system plays a significant role in structuring the economic setup of a country. If there is production of goods or there is ample workforce but no method for transporting it to the place of need or demand then it stands useless. And a stagnant economy will never be able to run a country efficiently. Ultimately the entire functioning of the country will collapse which is why the transport system plays such a significant role in this matter.

6. What do you mean by the lifelines of the economy?

Lifelines of economy means the various modes of transport that are available in the country for the commuting the materials and workforce from one place to other. As given in the website of Vedantu, we get to see that roadways like both national and international highways and other roads, railways, waterways including various sea ports, pipelines, airways etc. are all responsible for the proper working of a country. If you study the notes properly you will definitely develop clear concepts regarding this topic.

7. What are the types of roadways available in India?

Roadways are a major means of transport which allows the movement of vehicles carrying raw materials, finished goods or even machines to and from the industries or human beings like the workforce and manpower that needs to communicate to and from the industrial unit. The types of roadways available in India are the Highways, that is the NH or National Highways, the State Highways, the District roads, the State Roads, the Border roadways and the village roads.

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Case Based Questions

Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.

The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by Physiographic, economic and administrative factors. The Northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for their growth. However, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. Likewise, it was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of Western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand. The contiguous stretch of Sahyadri could be crossed only through gaps or passes (Ghats). In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the West coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India.

It has also faced a number of problem such as sinking of track in some stretches and landslides. (i) Which factors are largely responsible to influence the railway network in India? Write any one merit of railways. (ii) Why is it difficult to construct railway lines in the Peninsular region and Himalayan region? (iii) Although, the railways have become more important in our national economy still this transport is facing a number of problems.Why? State any two reasons. Answer :  Factors which are largely responsible to influence the railway network in India are physiographic, economic and administrative factors. An advantage or merit of railways is that they make it possible to conduct many activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. (ii) It is difficult to construct railway lines in the Peninsular region and Himalayan region because ! The Peninsular region and the Himalayan region are hilly and mountainous regions. Peninsular region has undulating topography where railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. ! On the other hand the Himalayas have high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. (iii) It is true that railways have become more important in our national economy but still this transport is facing a number of problems which are ! Many passengers travel by trains without tickets. This incurs heavy loss of rail budget. ! People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway. 2. Read the cases/sources given and answer the following questions. Source A Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi–Kolkata– Chennai–Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane Super Highways. The North–South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanniyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East-West Corridor connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat) are part of this project. The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India. These highway projects are being implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

(i) What is the Golden Quadrilateral? To what extent do you agree that Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways are important for our country? Give only one aspect. Answer :  Golden Quadrilateral comprises of the National Highways connecting Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai- Kolkata by a 6-lane Super Highway. I agree with that Golden Quadrilateral SuperHighways are important for our country because these highways reduce time and distance between mega cities of India. Source B National Highways National Highways link extreme parts of the country. These are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). A number of major National Highways run in North-South and East–West directions. The historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No. 1, between Delhi and Amritsar.

(ii) To what extent do you agree that India needs a number of National Highways? Give only one reason. Discuss the role of National Highways. Answer :  I agree with that India needs a number ofNational Highways because India is a vast country and National Highways link extreme parts of the country with each other. Role of National Highways is ! National Highways link important parts of the country like state capitals and commercial sectors. ! They enable fast and efficient movement of goods in areas connected to them. Source C State Highways Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in State and Union Territories.

(iii) Evaluate the importance of the State Highways. Answer :  Importance of the State Highways is ! State Highways are constructed within a state to provide better connectivity of roads and places. ! These highways link a state capital with different district headquarters.

Read the case/source given and answer questions that follow by choosing the correct option.

Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible for people to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. Apart from an important means of transport the Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture. The Indian Railway is now reorganised into 16 zones. The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors. The Northern plains with their vast levell and, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favorable condition for their growth. However, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.

Question. Which of the following factors are responsible for distribution pattern of railways network in the country? Identify the correct option: (a) Topographical factors (b) Economic and administrative factors (c) Social factors (d) Both (a) and (b) Ans. (d) The distribution pattern of railway network is influenced by topographical, economic and administrative factors.

Question. Assertion (A) Rail Transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the Northern Plains. Reason (R) The Northern Plains are densely populated, which enables the maximum number of people to utilise this means of transport. Codes (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and Rare true, but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true Ans. (a) Rail Transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the Northern Plains because the Northern plains are densely populated which enables maximum number of people to utilise this means of transport. Hence, both assertion and reason statements justify each other.

Question. When was the first railway line opened in India? Choose the correct option from the following. (a) 1803 (b) 1823 (c) 1853 (d) 1854 Ans. (c) Railways were first introduced to India in 1853, when a line was constructed from Mumbai to Thane covering a distance of 34 km.

Question. Why Indian railway network is mostly concentrated in Ganga Plains? Choose the most suitable option: (a) Due to concentration of Industries. (b) Due to topographical uniformity and high density of population. (c) Due to high agricultural production. (d) Due to lack of economic opportunities. Ans. (b) Indian railway network is mostly concentrated in Ganga Plains due to their topographical uniformity, high population density and rich agricultural resources.

Question. Why is the Indian Railways called the lifeline of the country? With reference to the above context, infer the appropriate option. (a) Railways in India bind the economic life of the country. (b) It is the largest public undertaking in the country. (c) Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. (d) All of the above Ans. (d)

Question. Why is it essential to develop a unigauge system of railways in our country? Identify the correct option. (a) It will lead to reduction in trans-shipment. (b) Because it has larger capacity. (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) It will bring administrative convenience. Ans. (c) It is essential to develop unigauge system of railways in our country as this system of railways has larger capacity, higher speed, cheaper transportation and reduction in trans-shipment. 

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What is the full form of NMCC? Ans.  National Manufacturing Competitiveness council. Related Theory NMCC has been set up to increase productivity of manufacturers by incorporating appropriate policy interventions.

Question. Suggest any one way to promote the jute textile industry in India.  Ans.  The jute textile industry can be improved by promoting jute packaging/jute products as environment friendly, biodegradable products and viable alternative to synthetic fibres.

Question. Which industry is an example of joint sector industry? Ans. Oil India Limited is a joint sector industry. Related Theory Joint sector Industry are industries jointly owned by state and individual industrialists. They’re an example of Public-private partnership.

Question. Name the only industry which is self reliant in its value chain. Ans . Textile industry is the only industry to be selfreliant and complete in the value chain – from raw material to the final products etc.

Question. What is a basic industry? Ans.  An industry which supply its products or raw materials to manufacture other goods is called a basic industry. Example-Iron and steel industry. Explanation: Basic industries are also known as key industries. For example, aluminum smelting, copper smelting.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. How has the world been converted into a global village? Explain. Ans.  The world has been converted into a global village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport and communication facilities in the following ways ! Daily flights to different countries and improved technology to develop fast means of transportation has connected the countries. ! Computer and internet facilities supported by satellite services have made the world a small village wherein an information can be reached at almost instantly. ! Every country is well-linked with the rest of the world through various means of transport and communication. ! Means of transportation such as railways, airways, waterways and means of communication such as newspapers, radio, television, cinema, internet, etc have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways.

Question. What has necessitated the need for transport? Is it right to say that efficient means of transport are prerequisites for fast development? Justify. Or ‘‘Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development of the country.’’ Support the statement with examples. Ans.  The need for transport has been necessitated due to the need for movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations or market. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Efficient means of transport are prerequisite for fast development because more development of goods and services are not enough. The goods need to be transported from one place to another in proper time for their distribution and consumption.

Question. State the ways by which means of transport and communication help the growth of industries in India. Ans.  The ways by which means of transport and communication help the growth of industries in India are ! Transport facilities are required to transport raw materials from their source region to industrial locations. ! Final products from industries also require transport facilities for their transportation to market. ! Communication lines supply required information about various industries. ! Means of transport and communication also help in reduction of regional imbalances resulting in balanced regional development.

Question. “Roadways have an edge over Railways.” Support the statement with examples. Ans.  Roadways still have an edge over the railways in India because ! Construction cost of roads is much lower than railway lines. ! Roads can be constructed easily in hilly terrains and undulating topography than railways. ! Roadways act as a feeder to other modes of transport, as they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports. ! Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances. ! Road transport provides door-to-door service thus, the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.

Question. “Distribution of roads is not uniform in India.” Support the statement with examples. Ans.  It is true that the distribution of roads is not uniform in India. For example, ! Density of roads (length of roads per 100 square km of area) varies from Jammu and Kashmir (UT), which has the lowest density of road to Kerala, which has the highest density of roads in the country. ! The density of road is high in most of the Northern states and major Southern states. It is low in the Himalayan region, North-Eastern region, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan due to their topography. ! Nature of terrain and the level of economic development are the main determinants of density of roads. Construction of roads is easy and cheaper in the plain areas while it is difficult and costly in hilly and plateau areas.

Question. Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled roads? What is the role of border roads and national highways in transportation? Or Explain the importance of ‘Border Roads’ for India. Ans.  Metalled roads are better than unmetalled roads because they have a waterproof coating on their upper surface, this makes them usable in all seasons. On the other hand, unmetalled roads are difficult to use in the rainy season, as their upper surface becomes uneven due to absorption of rain water. Importance of border roads is ! They have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain. ! These roads help in the economic development of the border areas of the country. Role of National Highways is ! National Highways link important parts of the country like state capitals and commercial centres. ! They enable fast and efficient movement of goods in areas connected to them.

Question. “Rail transport suffers from certain problems in India.” Support the statement with examples. Ans.  Rail transport suffers from certain problems which are ! The infrastructure of railways is poor. For example, the tracks are old and outdated which cause many serious railway accidents. This also leads speed reduction and cause delay in arrival of trains on stations. ! Another major problem that is being faced in India is that a large number of passengers travel without purchasing tickets. Indian railways have to bear a huge loss every year on account of travelling without tickets. ! The incidence of railway accidents in our country is greater as compared to other countries of the world. Accidents occur due to the errors and negligence of the employees.

Question. Explain any two merits and two demerits of pipelines transport. Ans.   Merits of pipelines transport are (i) There are no trans-shipment losses or delays in transportation of materials. (ii) Their construction has made inland locations of refineries like Barauni and Mathura and gas based fertiliser plants viable. Demerits of pipelines transport are (i) Initial costs of laying pipelines are very high, particularly oil and gas pipelines which have to be laid underground. (ii) Leakage in pipes or damage to the pipeline might pollute soil and contaminate ground water, damaging the environment.

Question. Explain briefly the advantages that result in using waterways as a mode of transport for heavy and bulky goods. Ans.  Advantages/features of using waterways as mode of transport for heavy and bulky goods are ! Waterways are the cheapest means of transport and most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. ! They are fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport. ! Heavy and bulky goods being exported or imported are easier for trans-shipment from waterways to ships on the coast, as the waterways lead to ports.

Question. Explain any four characteristics of Kandla sea port. Ans.  The four characteristics of Kandla sea port are (i) It was the first port developed soon after independence. (ii) It was developed to reduce the volume of traffic on Mumbai port. (iii) It is a tidal port. (iv) It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrialised belts including Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Question. Why is air transport more popular in the North- Eastern part of the country? Give three reasons. Or “Airways is the most preferred mode of transport in North-Eastern states of India.” Give three reasons to prove this preference. Ans.  Air transport or airways is the most preferred mode of transport in the North-Eastern states in India because (i) Big and wide rivers are present in the North Eastern states, due to which rail or road bridges over them are difficult and costly to construct. (ii) This area has dissected relief features, preventing durable construction of rail and road links. (iii) Dense forests in this region create many difficulties in construction of railway lines and roads.

Question. Explain any four merits and two demerits of air transport. Ans. Merits of air transport are (i) Air transport is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport. (ii) It can cover very difficult terrains with great ease. (iii) It makes access to far-flung and remote or otherwise inaccessible areas easier and quicker. (iv) It provides transport services to offshore oil and gas exploration activities. Demerits of air transport are (i) Air transport is a very costly means of transportation. (ii) Places not having airports or helipads are not covered by it.

Question. Classify communication services into two categories? Explain main features of each. Ans.  Communication services are classified into personal communication and mass communication. Features of Personal communication are ! In personal communication, people can express their thoughts and share with others. ! Letters, e-mails, SMSs, telephone and mobile phone facilities including STD and ISD services are examples of personal communication. Features of mass communication are ! Mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. ! It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazine, books and films. !

Question. “The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement. Ans.  The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain because: (1) It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%). (2) It generates employment for about 35 million people. (3) It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6%. (4) It contributes about 4% towards GDP.

Question. Why has the ‘Chhotanagpur Plateau Region’ the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries ? Analyse the reasons. Ans.  ‘Chotanagpur Plateau Region’ has maximum concentration of Iron and Steel industries because: (1) Low cost of iron ore is available (2) High grade raw material is in proximity (3) Cheap labour (4) Vast growth potential in the home market

Question. Describe the importance of the cotton textile industry in the Indian economy. Ans.  The importance of the cotton textile industry in the Indian economy is: (1) The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy because of its significant contributions towards industrial production, employment generation, and foreign exchange earnings. (2) Additionally, it is the only industry which is self-reliant and complete in its value chain. Hence its production employs multiple people at all stages.. (3) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to many people (farmers, cotton ball pluckers, dyers, designers, etc.). It therefore supports many other industries, such as chemicals and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works. (4) The hand spun khadi also provides large scale employment to weavers in the cottage industry.

Question. Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one another? Explain with examples.  Ans.  On the basis of capital investment, the classification can be as: (1) Small scale industries (2) Large scale industries Small scale industries are differentiated from large scale industries on the basis of the investment made. The limit of investment changes with time. At present, the maximum investment allowed is rupees one crore for a small scale industry, whereas if investment is more than rupees one crore for an industry, then it is known as a large scale industry. Paper, toys, utensils, etc. are examples of small scale industries, whereas cement, iron, etc. are examples of large scale industries.

Question. Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and a mini steel plant in three points. Ans.  Three points of differences between an integrated steel plant and a mini steel plant are as follows: (1) An integrated steel plant is larger than a mini steel plant. (2) An integrated steel plant uses iron ore for making steel while mini steel plant uses scrap and sponge iron to produce steel. (3) An integrated steel plant produces only steel while mini steel plant produces mild and alloy steel.

Question. Describe any three major problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India. Ans . Major problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India are as follows: (1) Most of the production is carried out in fragmented small units. Thus, cotton weavers are unable to reap benefits which come with large scale production. (2) Power supply is erratic and irregular in nature, which makes production a time consuming process (3) Machinery used by the weavers is outdated. (4) Labourers are unskilled and have low productivity. (5) Textile industry faces stiff competition from synthetic fibre industry. (6) Most of the high quality yarn is not used by Indian weavers as it is exported.

Question. ‘In recent years, there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra.’ Give three reasons to justify the statement. Ans.  Three reasons due to which sugar mills are shifting to southern and western states of India are as follows: (1) The sugarcane produced here has a higher sucrose content. (2) The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. (3) The cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Question. “India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Net we are not able to perform to our full potential.” Suggest and explain any three measures to get full potential. Ans.  India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Yet we are not able to perform to our full potential. The following measures can be adopted to reach full potential:  (1) The availability of coking coal should be increased and its cost should be reduced by importing it from other countries or using the latest technology. (2) The productivity of labour should be increased by encouraging them to work hard and giving them a healthy environment to work. (3) The supply of energy and electricity should be improved by introducing the latest technology and machinery. (4) The infrastructure, machines and technology should be updated with time.

Question. Describe the importance of manufacturing industries as a backbone of economic development of the country. OR Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries. Ans.  The manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country because: (1) The manufacturing sector provides employment to a large number of people in the industrial as well as service sectors. (2) It helps in increasing agricultural productivity by modernising agriculture. (3) It also helps in minimising regional disparities by setting up industries in tribal and backward areas of the country. (4) It leads to the economic development of the country by getting foreign exchange in return of trading goods. (5) It also leads to the expansion of trade and commerce. (6) It helps in the transformation of raw materials into furnished goods that are higher in price and value.

Question. Mention the challenges faced by the jute industries in India. With what objectives the National Jute Policy was formed in 2005? Ans . Challenges faced by Jute Industries are as follows: (1) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes. (2) Stiff competition from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. Objectives of National Jute Policy-2005: In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objectives of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.

Question. Classify industries on the basis of their main roles. How are they different from each other? Ans.  On the basis of their main roles manufacturing industries can be classified as- (1) Basic or key industries (2) Consumer industries Basic or key industries supply their goods as raw materials to manufacture other goods, whereas consumer industries produce goods for direct consumption by the consumers. Iron and steel industries, copper smelting industries, etc. are examples of basic or key industries, whereas sugar industries, soap industries, etc. are examples of consumer industries.

Question. Read the source given below and answer the question that follows: Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”. Explain and validate the statement. Ans.  As soon as any industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment to skilled and semiskilled labourers in large numbers. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs in these industries. Once mass migration occurs, the town develops its housing and transportation facilities to accommodate these people. Schools, colleges, markets, hospitals and other infrastructural facilities follow once the living standard of the inhabitants is capable enough to support them. Slowly, an uninhabited town becomes a fully-functional city with all kinds of facilities available for its citizens. Thus Industrialisation and Urbanisation go hand in hand.

Question. How do industrial units cause air pollution? Explain.  Ans.  Industrial units cause air pollution in the following ways: (1) Industries that ignore pollution norms cause air pollution created by the presence of high proportion of gases. (2) Air borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles, which get released into the atmosphere during production. (3) Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels belong to the major polluting industries.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Explain the importance of means of transport as a prerequisite for the development of a country. Ans . Efficient means of transport are prerequisite for fast development because more development of goods and services are not enough alone. The importance of means of transport is ! Transportation offers numerous opportunities within the employment sector. Traffic control, pilots, captains, delivery services and drivers are some of the jobs that are provided through this industry. Thus, it also helps the country to reduce unemployment ratio. ! High quality transport links ensure that communities can access basic services, facilities and employment opportunities. The connectivity provided by such links promotes social inclusion. It can also reduce social isolation and enhance quality of life. ! Transport facilities are also required to transport raw materials from their source region to industrial locations such as transportation of coal to iron and steel industry. ! Final products from industries also require transport facilities for their transportation to market so that consumers are able to buy them. ! Availability of transport services i.e. roadways, railways and waterways (wherever there is scope) help in increasing trade, connect the areas and facilitate movement of people. This helps in the development of a country.

Question. Explain the importance of roadways as a means of transport. Ans . The importance of roadways as a means of transport is ! Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances. ! Road transport also provides door-to-door service, thus, the cost of loading and unloading is much lower. ! Road transport links other modes of transport like between railway stations, air and sea ports. ! National and state highways help in linking the extreme parts of the state and country. Through roads the entire country is connected. ! People can go from one place to another in search of jobs, businesses, tourism etc and goods can be transported due to proper linking of roads. Thus, road ways are a very important means of transportation.

Question. Classify the roads according to their capacity and describe the role of each. Ans . In India, roads are classified in six classes according to their capacity as ! Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways This super highway links India’s four largest metropolitan cities, i.e. Delhi-Kolkata- Chennai-Mumbai. North-South and East-West corridor are part of this. These highways reduce time and distance between mega cities. ! National Highways These are primary road systems that link important parts of the country. ! State Highways These roads link a state capital with its district headquarters. These are constructed by State Public Works Department. ! District Roads These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. ! Rural Roads These roads, also known as other roads, link rural areas and villages with towns. ! Border Roads These roads are constructed along the international border of India by Border Road Organisation. It has improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.

Question. Explain the importance of railways as a means of transport. Ans . The importance of Indian Railways as a means of transport is ! Railways are considered as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Daily a lot of commuters and office goers travel through railways. ! Railways provides cheap mode of transport to all. It is cheaper as compared to other modes of transport like airways. ! Railways help to conduct various activities, viz, business, sightseeing, pilgrimage, transportation of goods over long distances etc. Through these activities railways add more revenue to the economy of a country. ! Railways bind the economic life of our country by accelerating the development of the industry and agriculture. ! The Indian Railways is the largest public sector undertaking in the country which is the biggest employer in India.

Question. Classify any five ports of India according to their types and main purpose. Ans . The ports of India according to their types and main purpose are (i) Chennai Port (Tamil Nadu) ! Type of Port It is one of the oldest artificial ports in India. ! Purpose It is made for trade and cargo (ii) Haldia Port (West Bengal) ! Type of Port It is a subsidiary port to relieve pressure on Kolkata port. ! Purpose It is made for decongesting Kolkata port. (iii) Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Maharashtra) ! Type of Port It is specialised in handling container shipments. ! Purpose It is made for decongesting Mumbai port and serve as a hub for the region. (iv) Kandla Port (Gujarat) ! Type of Port It is a tidal port. ! Purpose It was developed after independence to ease the volume of trade on Mumbai port. (v) Kochi Port (Kerala) ! Type of Port It is a natural port located at the entrance of a lagoon. ! Purpose It specialised in handling container shipments.

Question. Describe any five points of importance of mass communication. Or Write any three importance of means of mass communication. Ans . Importance of mass communication is (i) Mass communication is required to spread the flow of information upto the grassroot level. Therefore, government has made special provision to extend 24 hours STD facility to every village in the country. (ii) All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages for various categories of people spread over different parts of the country. (iii) Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmes for entertainment, educational programmes to sports, etc. for people of different age groups. (iv) India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals annually for providing information. (v) India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It produces short films, video feature films and video short films for entertainment.

Question. “International trade is considered the economic barometer of a country.” Justify the statement with arguments. Ans . International trade is considered the economic barometer of a country because ! As the resources are limited no country can survive without international trade. ! Goods or resources possessed by one country are required by other and vice-versa. These differences create conditions for international trade. ! Foreign trade has helped India to improve its productivity of manufactured goods. International trade contributes to India’s economic growth, raising income levels of people. ! In recent years, exchange of information and knowledge has benefitted in greater exchange of goods across states and countries. ! India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

Question. The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times.” Support the statement with examples. Ans . The pace of change in communication sector has been rapid in modern times as a result of which the long distance communication has become easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver. For example, ! The advanced communication meant to save our time and money as well. Personal communication and mass communication including television, radio, press, films etc, are the major means of communication. ! The Indian postal network handles parcels as well as personal written communication. It also deals with first class mails (e.g. cards, envelopes) and second-class mails (e.g. books packets, periodicals, registered newspapers) which are carried by different means of transport. To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels namely Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel have been introduced recently. ! The use of mobile phones has also provided boost to the communication sector in the modern times. !

Question. ‘‘Sugar industry in India is facing challenges.’’ Analyse the statement with suitable arguments. Ans . Challenges faced by Sugar Industry: (1) Seasonal nature of industry. (2) Old machinery. (3) Ineffcient method of production. (4) Transport delay. (5) The need to maximize the use of baggase. (6) Any other relevant point.

Question. Explain the factors which are responsible for location of industries. Ans.  Factors responsible for location of industries are – (1) Easy availability of raw material – Industries are located close to a place where uninterrupted, easy and cheap sources of raw material are found along with fast and easy transportation. (2) Availability of cheap labour – Industries are generally located in close proximity to highly populated regions which become easy and inexhaustible sources of cheap labour. (3) Availability of capital – Money or capital is an essential factor needed without which production is not possible. Thus, banking facilities help provide capital to the investor in the form of loans. (4) Availability of uninterrupted power supply. (5) Availability of market to sell goods made in industries, with easy transportational and communication facilities are also very important for location of an industry. (6) Availability of Water: Water is one of the major things required in any industry. It is very important in deciding an appropriate location.

Question. What is the manufacturing sector ? Why is it considered the backbone of development? Interpret the reason. Ans.  Definition of Manufacturing Sector: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. It is considered as backbone of development because: (1) It not only helps in modernising agriculture but also forms the backbone of our economy. (2) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. (3) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce. (4) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. (5) Any other relevant point.

Question. Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced.  Ans . Ways to reduce industrial water pollution are – (1) Minimising water usage for processing and other steps in various equipments by reusing the same water again and again and recycling it in two or more successive stages. (2) Harvesting rainwater to meet household water requirements and also to help rejuvenate ground water can also reduce water pollution. (3) Treatment of hot water and affluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds multiple times to avoid release of toxins like arsenic, lead and mercury. (4) Segregation of wastes into various categories and appropriate treatment thereafter can also help save plastic from being dumped into water bodies. Plastics choke aquatic animals, thus killing them. (5) Reducing usage of non-biodegradable plastic, paper and other synthetic fibres can help generate less disposable waste. Biodegradable and reusable fibres and materials should be encouraged. (6) Regulation of the usage of ground water by industries. (7) Installing water treatment plants at the industrial sites for recycling. (8) Treating chemical and acidic waste before releasing in water bodies.

Question. Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of the National Jute Policy. Ans.  Challenges faced by the jute industry in India are:  (1) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes. (2) Supply competition from other jute producing nations like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. (3) Small farmers face hard competition from outside India. The major objective of the National Jute Policy, 2005 are: (1) To increase productivity by producing more and providing material to farmers on lower rates. (2) To improve quality by providing them good material. (3) Ensuring fair prices for the jute farmers by fixing prices. (4) Enhancing the yield per hectare. (5) The internal demand for jute has been on the increase. (6) The government made the use of jute packaging mandatory.

Question. Why does the textile industry occupy an important position in the Indian economy? Explain. OR ÅExplain the contribution of the textile industry in the Indian economy. Ans.  The textile industry occupies an important position in the Indian economy because: (1) It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%). (2) It generates employment for about 35 million people. (3) It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 percent. (4) It generates about 4 per cent of the GDP.  (5) It is the only industry in India which is selfreliant and complete in the value chain,i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products, all inputs are created in India.

Question. ‘The challenge of sustainable development requires control over industrial pollution.’Substantiate the statement with examples. Ans.  (1) On one hand Industries lead to extensive industrial growth and expansion, other hand these are also the cause of environmental degeneration which prompt to the different type of air, water pollution. (2) There is an increasing requirement to use a further sustainable model.  (3) Industries must produce eco-friendly products and dump wastes responsibly (4) Use of latest technology can help industries to control pollution and lead towards sustainable mode of operation. (5) Industries use- Reuse-Recycle-Refuse approach. (6) If necessary, dump waste in specified places, away from the land and water sources, for example- before dumping treat well and make useful forother than drinking purpose,stop using thermal plants in some of the locations.

Question. Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India. Ans.  Measures to control industrial pollution: (1) Fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. (2) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories. (3) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers (4) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy effciency a nd reduce noise. (5) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.

Question. Explain any five factors that are responsible for the location of the jute mills mainly along the banks of the Hugli River. Ans.  Factors that are responsible for the location of the jute mills mainly along the banks of the Hugli River are: (1) The proximity of the jute producing areas cuts down the transportation cost. (2) Low-cost water transport, supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways, helps the movement of raw material to the mills. (3) Presence of abundant water for processing raw jute. (4) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh helps in cutting down the cost. (5) Kolkata as an urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for the export of jute goods. (6) Kolkata port facility is available which helps to transport finished goods to other places easily.

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Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re looking for CBSE Class 10 Social Science case study questions, myCBSEguide provides all the resources you need. We have a wide range of Class 10 Social Science case studies covering various topics, and our team of experts is on hand to provide guidance and support to Class 10 students. Whether you’re struggling with a particular topic or just need some extra help, myCBSEguide is the perfect place to turn.

Purpose of Class 10 Social Science

Up to the secondary level of schooling, social science is a core course. It is an essential component of a general education because it assists Class 10 Social Science students in comprehending the environment as a whole and acquiring a broader perspective as well as an empirical, reasonable, and humanitarian outlook. This is critical because it helps Class 10 Social Science students into well-informed and responsible citizens with the required qualities and skills to effectively engage and contribute to the process of development and nation-building.

Case Study Questions in Class 10 Social Science

Class 10 social science curriculum includes a wide range of topics. One way to help students learn and retain information from these topics is to incorporate case studies into the classroom. Case studies can provide real-world examples of the concepts being taught, and help students to understand how the theory can be applied in practice.

Incorporating case studies into the Class 10 social science curriculum can also help to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By working through a case study, Class 10 social science students can learn how to identify key issues, consider different options and make decisions. These skills will be valuable in their future studies and careers.

Whichever way case studies are used, they can be a valuable addition to the Class 10 social science curriculum.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

Students must solve a range of Class 10 Social Science case study questions in order to achieve good grades in Social Science. Students in Class 10 Social Science must be looking for some samples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has collected a variety of case study questions for Class 10 Social Science that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We’ve put created a collection of Class 10 Social Science case study questions for you.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Class 10 HISTORY: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them. The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it. Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. She bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the Statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Who was Frederic Sorrieu?

• French artist
• German Artist
• Italian Artist
• British Artist

In which year did Frederic Sorrier prepare a series of four prints?

Which of the following statements correctly describes “absolutist”?

• Monarchical Government
• Democratic Government
• Uncentralised Government
• Bureaucratic Government

Which of the following is correct with respect to “utopian vision”?

• Homogenous society
• Monarchical society
• Ideal society
• All are correct

Answer Key:

• (a) French artist
• (a) Monarchical Government
• (c) Ideal society

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 2

Class 10 GEOGRAPHY: Lifelines of National Economy

Read the extract and answer the question that follows:

We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air. Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.

Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

• Explain the necessity of means of transport in modern times. (1)
• Enumerate the domains and means of transport. (2)
• Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? (2)
• The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
• The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air.
• Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport.
• (Any two relevant points)
• Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of India and to fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
• Goods and services do not move from supply locations to demand locations on their own. This necessitates the need for transport.
•  Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and take them to the consumers by transportation.
• Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movements over space.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Class 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE: Power-sharing

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

• Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group.
• Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
• Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
• Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• India, Srilanka
• Belgium, Sri Lanka
• Wallonia, Brussels
• Flemish, Wallonia
• Which of the following is not the element of “Belgian model”?
• Equal number of ministers for both the groups
• Setting up of Community Government
• More power to the central government
• Equal representation at the state and central level
• “Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government”. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to this?
• The unique government is Community Government
• A single social group is given powers to handle community-related affairs
• Elected by people belonging to Dutch, French and German-speaking
• Power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues
• Which of the following title best describes the given passage?
• The ethnic composition of Belgium
• Accommodation in Sri Lanka
• Accommodation in Belgium
• The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka
• (b) Belgium, Sri Lanka
• (c) More power to central government. [Explanation: Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.]
• (b) Single social group is given powers to handle the community-related affairs. [Explanation: A community government is one in which different social groups are given powers to handle community-related affairs.]
• (c) Accommodation in Belgium

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 4

Class 10 ECONOMICS: Development

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Besides seeking more income, oneway or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All of these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things. Consider an example: If you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• Opportunity to learn
• Working atmosphere
• Job security
• All of the above
• The approach of living a life in bungalows, with costly cars, bikes and international tours is ________ life.
• Materialistic
• Both a and c
• “Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfil a mix of goals.” Which of the following statement is incorrect with the given statement?
• A secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
• If there is respect for women, there would be greater acceptance of women working outside.
• If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
• “Besides seeking more income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others”. What does the given statement signify?
• Mixed goals are important for people for development.
• Common goals are important for people for development.
• Conflicting goals are important for people for development.
• Similar goals are important for people for development.
• (d) All of the above
• (a) Materialistic
• (c) If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases. [Explanation: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.]
• (a) Mixed goals are important for people for development.

Class 10 Social Science curriculum at a glance

The material of the Class 10 Social Science curriculum is mostly drawn from history, geography, politics, and economics. There are also elements of Sociology and Commerce. They provide a holistic vision of society in space and time, as well as in relation to one another. The numerous methods of inquiry used in each topic assist Class 10 Social Science students in understanding society from various perspectives and forming a comprehensive vision. Class 10 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of various disciplines like History, Geography, Economics and Political Science.

The table below provides the complete syllabus structure for Class 10 Social Science curriculum.

Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CONTENT

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• Social Sciences /

Lifelines of National Economy

• Updated on  
• Jul 27, 2021

A strong transportation and communication network plays an imperative role in building a prosperous nation. There are multifarious benefits of ensuring the development of advanced systems of transportation and communication in a country as they not only connect the varied regions and states as well as people through a smooth network but also significantly contribute to the economy as well. The 7th chapter of Class 10 Social Science is focused on the essential lifelines of the national economy, i.e. its transportation and communication networks like roadways, railways, waterways, airways, seaports, and pipelines, etc. as well as modes of communication and how they contribute to the economy. This blog summarizes this chapter and its key pointers which you must cover while studying this topic.

This Blog Includes:

Golden quadrilateral super highways, national highways, state highways, district roads, other roads, border roads, classification of the road network in india: construction material, national waterways, inland waterways, communication, international trade, tourism as trade, lifelines of national economy slideshare, lifelines of national economy mcq.

Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 PDF

India has one of the largest road networks in the world. Roads play a crucial role in ensuring the economic progress of our country. The expanse of the road network in the country is around 54.7 lakh km. Here are a few reasons why roads are considered more important than other modes of transportation:

• The construction cost of roads is much cheaper when compared with laying railway tracks.
• Roads can be easily laid to cover geographically remote locations, unlike railways.
• Movement of goods and travelling on roads is economical.
• Roads can reach the steep slopes of the Himalayas and other hilly terrains.
• Roads offer end-to-end connectivity.
• Roads offer last-mile connectivity to airports, railway stations, and seaports.

Classification of the Road Network in India: Geographical Location

The road network in India is classified on the basis of geographical location and capacity. Majorly they are divided into six different types depending on their purpose and capacity.

Studying the chapter on Lifelines of National Economy, you will get to know about the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways which is a network of highways that connect the top four metropolitan cities of the country namely – Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai. The construction and maintenance of these highways are carried out by the NHAI (National Highways Authority of India).

The National Highways are the next big network of roads. These are maintained by the CPWD (Central Public Works Department). The historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg that runs between Delhi and Amritsar is known as National Highway No.1. Each national highway is assigned a unique numerical code.

As the name implies, these roads are under the purview of each state government. They link a state capital with district capitals and are constructed and maintained by the SPWD (State Public Works Department).

These roads connect the district headquarters with other towns and villages in the district. They are constructed and maintained by the Zilla Parishad as stated in Lifelines of National Economy. 

Rural roads connecting rural villages with nearby towns fall under this category. These roads receive grants under the PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojana) for maintenance and construction.

These are the roads that lie on India’s borders connecting our country with our neighbours. The Border Roads Organisation was established in 1960 for the construction and maintenance of strategic roads in the north-eastern and northern border states.

Related Read: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Study Notes

Apart from the classification of roads with respect to their geographical location, the chapter titled Lifelines of a National Economy also has also another category of road networks on the basis of construction material. The classification of roads as per the construction material used is as follows:

• Metalled Roads – These are all-season roads and are made of concrete, cement, or bitumen of coal.
• Unmetalled Roads – These roads do not withstand the rainy season.

Next to the roadways, railways are the major mode of transportation in India. Railways not only ply passengers but also carry tons of bulky goods on long and short distances. Railways have always occupied a major role in the nation’s economy. However, there are certain troubles plaguing rail transport and the key issues faced by railways are:

• It is difficult to lay railway tracks on sandy plains.
• Construction of bridges is required for laying railway tracks across river beds.
• In the hilly terrain of the Indian peninsula, railway tracks are laid via low hills, tunnels or gaps.
• Construction of railway lines in the Himalayan mountainous region is unfavourable due to several factors like – sparse population, uneven terrain, and lack of economic opportunities.

Pipelines are a large network of pipes that usually run underground. This network is used to transport and distribute crucial fluids like – water, petroleum, crude oil, natural gas to thermal power plants, and fertilizer factories. Even solids are transported via the underground pipeline network, by converting it into a slurry. The three important pipelines in the country as mentioned in Lifelines of National Economy:

• From Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh
• From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab
• From the oil fields in upper Assam to Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh

Waterways are used for transporting bulky and heavy goods. They are the cheapest modes of transportation and offer several advantages like – fuel-efficiency and eco-friendly. As per the chapter on Lifelines of National Economy, here are the types of national waterways-

There are five national waterways in India. They are:

The major inland waterways in the country are Zuari and Cumberjua, Mandavi, Sunderbans, the backwaters of Kerala and Barak.

The bulk of India’s foreign trade is carried from its major seaports. There are two major and 200 minor/intermediate (notified non-majors) ports in India. The major ports are that can be counted as one of the lifelines to the national economy are:

• Kandla in Kutch is the first port to be built post-independence. It is also called the Deendayal Port.
• Mumbai is the biggest port in India. It’s a natural port and has a well-sheltered harbour.
• Chennai port has a long history and is one of the oldest artificial ports in the country. 
• Kolkata is an inland river port.
• Mangalore port in Karnataka is one of the major exporters of iron ore.
• Mormugao port in Goa is another premier port that exports iron ore.
• Paradip port, Odisha is another exporter of iron ore.
• Kochi, Kerala is the south-westernmost port in India and is situated at the entrance of a backwater lagoon.
• Tuticorin port, Tamil Nadu is the south-easternmost port in India.
• Visakhapatnam is one of the well-protected ports in the country. It is a landlocked port.
• Haldia port is a subsidiary port and was developed to relieve the pressure on Kolkata port.

Amongst the pivotal lifelines of the National Economy, Airways correspond to the Air-based mode of transport. It is a modern, fast, comfortable and prestigious mode of transport in India. Development of airways has opened the access to difficult to reach areas like – hilly terrains, dense forests and dreary deserts. Air transport in India was nationalized in 1953. Air India is the national carrier and offers both domestic and international air services. Today, there are several private players in the air transport sector.

Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd offers helicopter services to ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation) to reach offshore operations centres and other difficult and inaccessible terrains.

The major modes of communication in our country are as stated in the chapter on lifelines of the national economy are television, press, radio, films, etc.

• The Indian postal network is the biggest postal network in the world. Besides personal written communications, it also offers parcel services. Envelopes and cards are considered first-class mail and are airlifted between stations. Journals, periodicals, and magazines are considered second-class mail and are sent via land and water transport.
• India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. Mass communication in India is used for entertainment as well as to create awareness of national policies and programs. The major modes of mass communication in India are newspapers, magazines, televisions, radio, films, and books.
• The national radio channel – Akashwani broadcasts in national, regional, and local languages.
• Doordarshan is the national television channel and broadcasts in national, regional, and local languages.
• In India, newspapers are published in over 100 languages.

Check Out: Streams After 10th

The exchange of goods and services between the two countries is known as international trade. The lesson on lifelines of national economy states that international trade is one of the crucial economic parameters. Goods sent out from the country are known as exports and goods brought into the country are known as import.

The major commodities exported from India include jewellery and gems, agriculture and allied products, chemicals, etc. The major commodities imported to India include electronics, machinery, petroleum and crude products, gems and jewellery, base metals, etc. Trade balance is the difference between export and import.

• When exports exceed imports, it is termed as a favourable trade balance.
• When imports exceed exports, it is known as the unfavourable trade balance.

The final section in the chapter on the Lifelines of National Economy deals with the importance of the tourism sector. In India, more than 15 million people are a direct part of the tourism sector. Tourism in India helps in:

• Promoting national integration
• Providing support to local handicrafts
• Promoting understanding about Indian heritage and culture

Foreign tourists visit India for eco-tourism, adventure tourism, heritage tourism, cultural tourism, business tourism, and medical tourism.

• Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 MCQ Question 1. What is the name given to the International Airport at Kolkata? (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Meenambakkam (c) Rajiv Gandhi (d) Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

2. Which one of the following is an inland riverine port? [Delhi 2012] (a) Kandla (b) Kolkata (c) Mumbai (d) Tuticorin

3. Which one of the following is not the means of mass communication? (a) Cards and envelopes (b) Radio (c) Newspaper (d) Films

4. The longest pipeline connects (a) Hazira to Kanpur (.b) Salaya to Jalandhar (c) Flazira to Jagdishpur (d) Koyali to Haldia

We hope that through these detailed notes, you have understood the chapter on Lifelines of National Economy. Unsure about selecting a stream after 10th? Our Leverage Edu experts are here to help you choose the best stream based on your choices and future goals. Sign up for a free session with us today!

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Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 7

Very short answer type questions.

1. Why do we need transportation?

Answer: Goods and services do not move from their supply locations to demand locations on their own. The movement of these goods and services necessitates the need for transport.

2. Why is an efficient means of transport considered as a pre-requisite for fast development?

Answer: The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, an efficient means of transport is a pre-requisite for fast development.

3. How are transport, communication and trade complimentary to each other?

Answer: For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space. Today the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.

4. What has contributed to the socio-economic progress of India?

Answer: Today, India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plurality. Railways, airways, waterways, newspaper, radio, television, cinema, internet, etc., have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways.

5. Classify roads on the basis of their capacity.

Answer: (i) North-South Corridors (ii) East-west Corridors (iii) Golden Quadrilateral (iv) National Highways (v) State Highways (vi) District Roads (vii) Rural Roads (viii) Border Roads

6. What is the extent of North-South Corridor of India?

Answer: North-South Corridor links Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) to Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu).

7. Name the southern terminal station of the ‘North-South Corridor.’ [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: Kanyakumari

8. Name the river which is related to ‘National Waterways’ No. 1. [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: Ganga

9. How is East-West Corridor connected?

Answer: East-West Corridor is connecting Silchar (Assam) in the East to Porbandar (Gujarat) in the west.

10. What do you know about Golden Quadrilateral?

Answer: The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai and Delhi by six lane super highway. It is looked after by National Highway Authority of India.

11. Who looks after the National Highways of India?

Answer: National highways link extreme parts of the country. These are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by Central Public Works Department (CPWD).

12. What do you know about National Highway 1?

Answer: The historical Sher Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway 1. It is located between Delhi and Amritsar.

13. Which places are linked by National Highway 2 and 3?

Answer: National Highway 2 links Delhi to Kolkata and National Highway 3 links Gwalior to Jhansi.

14. What do you know about National Highway 7?

Answer: National Highway 7 is the longest and traverses 2369 kms between Varanasi and Kanyakumari via Jabalpur, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Madurai.

15. How is Mumbai and Delhi connected by road?

Answer: Delhi and Mumbai is well connected by National Highway 8.

16. What do you know about National Highway 15?

Answer: National Highway 15 covers most of the Rajasthan.

17. Who looks after State Highways of India?

Answer: State Highways are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in states and union territories.

18. Name the river related to National Waterways No. 2. [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer: The river related to National Waterway No.2 is River ‘Brahmaputra’.

19. What do you know about District Roads?

Answer: District Roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. These roads are maintained by Zila Parishad.

20. What is ‘Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana’?

Answer: Rural roads connecting villages to the towns received special impetus under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana. Under this scheme, special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by all season motorable road.

21. What do you know about Border Roads Organisation?

Answer: Border Roads Organisation is a Government of India undertaking which constructs and maintains roads of the bordering areas of the country. This organization was established in 1960 for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and north eastern border areas.

22. Classify roads on the basis of type of material used in them?

Answer: (i) Metalled Roads may be made of cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal, therefore, they are all weather roads. (ii) Unmetalled roads are Kuccha roads, mostly used in rural areas and go out of use in the rainy season.

23. What does ‘Road Density’ mean?

Answer: The length of road per 100 sq. kms of area is known as density of roads.

24. What is the status of road density in India?

Answer: Distribution of roads is not uniform in the country. Density of all roads varies from only 10 kms. In Jammu and Kashmir to 375 kms in Kerala with National Average of 75 km (1996-97).

25. Why is railways considered a principal mode of transport in India.

Answer: Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railway also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances.

26. When was the first train in India launched?

Answer: The first train steamed off from Mumbai to Thane in 1853, covering a distance of 34 kms.

27. What is the network of railways in northern plains?

Answer: The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for their growth.

28. What is the status of railways in hilly tracts?

Answer: In the hilly terrains of peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.

29. How are Konkan railways materialised?

Answer: In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India. It has also faced a number of problems such as sinking of track in some stretches and landslides.

30. What is a new arrival on the transportation map of India? [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer: Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India to transport liquids as well as solids in slurry form.

 31. What is the significance of waterways?

Answer: Waterways are the cheapest means of transportation. They are the most suitable transportation system for carrying heavy and bulky goods. It is fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.

32. Where are National Waterway 1 and 2 located?

Answer: (i) The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia is National Waterway 1. (ii) The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri is National Waterway 2.

33. Where is National Waterway 3 located?

Answer: The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapuram-Kollam, Udyogamandal and Champakara canals) forms the National Waterway 3.

34. How many ports do we have in India?

Answer: With a long coastline of 7516.6 kms, India is dotted with 12 major and 181 medium and minor ports.

35. Name the first sea port developed after independence on the western coast of India. [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: First Sea Port developed after independence –Kandla

36. Write about the port developed in place of Karachi port, which has gone to Pakistan.

Answer: Kandla in Kutch was the first port developed soon after the independence to ease the volume of trade on the Mumbai port in the wake of loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after partition.

37. What are the benefits of Kandla port today?

Answer: Kandla is a tidal port. It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching across the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

38. What is the contribution of two ports of Mumbai?

Answer: Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural and well-sheltered harbors. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port was planned with a view to decongest the Mumbai Port and serve as a hub port for this region.

39. What is the role of Goa port to Economy of India?

Answer: Marmagao Port of Goa is the premier iron ore exporting port of the country. This port accounts for about 50% of India’s iron-ore exports.

40. Name the State related to National Waterways No. 3. [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: State related to National Waterways No. 3 is Kerala.

41. Name the port and state which caters to the export of Iron-ore of Kudremukh River.

Answer: New Mangalore Port in Karnataka.

42. Where is Kochi port located?

Answer: Kochi is the extreme South-Western Port, located at the entrance of a lagoon with a natural harbor in Kerala.

43. Which is the oldest artificial Port of India?

Answer: Chennai is one of the oldest artificial port of the country. It is ranked next to the one in Mumbai in terms of the volume of trade and cargo.

44. Which is the deepest landlocked port of India?

Answer: Vishakhapatnam is the deepest landlocked and well protected port. This port was originally conceived as an outlet for iron-ore exports.

45. Which is the Inland port of India?

Answer: Kolkata is an inland river port. This port serves a very large and rich hinterland of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.

46. What role does Pawan hans Helicopter Ltd. play?

Answer: Pawan hans Helicopter Ltd. provides helicopter service to Oil and Natural Gas Commission in its off shore operations to inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like the North-Eastern States and the interior parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal.

47. Name the Sea ports of Eastern Coast in descending order.

Answer: (i) Haldia and Kolkata Ports (ii) Vishakhapatnam Port (iii) Chennai Port (iv) Tuticorin Port

48. Name the Sea ports of Western Coast in descending order.

Answer: (i) Kochi Port (ii) New Mangalore Port (iii) Marmagao (iv) Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru Ports (v) Kandla Port

49. Write the name of the international airport of Mumbai. [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: International Airport of Mumbai-Chhatarpati Shivaji Airport.

50. What do you know about Indian postal network?

Answer: The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personal letters or written communication.

51. What is the status of telecom network of India?

Answer: India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. Excluding urban places, more than two thirds of the villages in India have already been covered with Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) telephone facility. There is a uniform rate of STD facilities all over India.

52. How are telecommunication facilities able to reach remote areas of India?

Answer: It has been made possible by integrating the development in space technology with communication technology.

53. What does ‘Mass Communication’ mean?

Answer: Mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies.

54. What does Mass communication include?

Answer: It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films. All India Radio (Akashvani) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages for various categories of people spread over different parts of the country.

55. What is the role of Doordarshan in mass communication?

Answer: Doordarshan, the national television channel of India, is one of the largest terrestrial networks in the world. It broadcasts a variety of programmes from entertainment, educational and sports, etc., for people of different age groups.

56. What kind of newspapers and periodicals are published in India?

Answer: India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals annually. Newspapers are published in about 100 languages and dialects. The largest number of newspapers published in the country are in Hindi, followed by English and Urdu.

57. What do you mean by ‘trade’?

Answer: The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.

58. What is ‘International Trade’?

Answer: Trade between two or more countries is called International Trade.

59. What does ‘balance of trade’ mean?

Answer: The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its exports and imports.

60. What is favourable balance of trade?

Answer: When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade.

61. What does unfavourable balance of trade mean?

Answer: If the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of trade.

62. Is it true that India’s trade has been superseded by Information and Technology?

Answer: India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

63. How many people visit India as foreign tourists?

Answer: 5.78 million foreign tourists visited India in 2010. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. Foreign tourist’s arrivals in the country witnessed an increase of 11.8 per cent during the year 2010 as against the year 2009, contributing Rs 64,889 crore of foreign exchange in 2010.

64. What are the benefits of tourism?

Answer: Tourism promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture heritage.

65. What types of tourisms attract tourists to India?

Answer: (i) Heritage tourism (ii) Ecotourism (iii) Adventure tourism (iv) Cultural tourism (v) Medical tourism (vi) Business tourism

66. Which states are important destinations of foreign tourists?

Answer: Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple towns attract foreign tourists in India.

67. Handling of exports and imports on a large scale is done conveniently from the Kandla port. Why? [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]

Answer: Kandla is a tidal port, hence large ship can enter and leave the port easily.

68. Which commodities are imported by India?

Answer: Commodities imported to India are petroleum and petroleum products, pearls and precious stones, inorganic chemicals, coal, coke and briquettes, fertilisers, cereals, edible oils and newsprint.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. ‘‘Tourism industry in India has grown substantially over the last three decades.’’ Support the statement. [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer: Tourism industry in India has grown substantially over the last three decades (i) Foreign tourism arrival in the country had seen an increase contributing Rs 21,828 crore of foreign exchange. (ii) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in tourism industry. (iii) Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. (iv) Tourism also promotes national integration and provides support to local handicrafts.

2. ‘‘The advancement of international trade of a country is an index of its economic development.’’ Justify the statement. [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer: ‘The advancement of international trade of a country is an index of its economic development: (i) It is considered as the economic barometer of a country. (ii) As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade. (iii) A favourable balance of trade of a country indicates economic development. (iv) International trade helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries. (v) Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.

3. What are the problems faced by the Indian railways?

Answer: The Indian railways faces the following problems: (i) Many passengers travel without tickets. (ii) Thefts and damage of railway property has not yet stopped completely. (iii) People stop the trains and pull the chain unnecessarily. This causes heavy damage to the railways.

4. What are the three important networks of pipeline transportation?

Answer: (i) From oilfield in upper Assam to Kanpur via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. (ii) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. (iii) Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh.

5. What are the advantages of waterways?

Answer: (i) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. (ii) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. (iii) They are fuel-efficient and also environment-friendly mode of transport.

6. How does India account for the largest telecom network in India?

Answer: (i) More than two-thirds of the villages in India have already been covered with the Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) telephone facility.

(ii) In order to strengthen the flow of information from the grassroot to the higher level, the government has made special provision to extend twenty-four hours STD facility to every village in the country.

(iii) There is a uniform rate of STD facilities all over India.

It has been made possible by integrating the development in space technology with communication technology.

7. What are the advantages of using pipelines?

Answer: (i) Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal plants.

(ii) Solids can also be transported through pipelines when converted into slurry.

(iii) Initial cost of laying a pipeline is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. It rules out transhipment loses or delays.

8. What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits and demerits of the same. [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer: Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.

Merits: (i) Useful in transporting liquids and solid slurry from far away locations. (ii) Subsequent running costs after laying down the network are minimal. (iii) It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.

Demerits: (i) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high. (ii) Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water, mineral oil, etc.

9. Why is air travel economical in north-eastern regions?

Answer: (i) Airways can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and long oceanic stretches with great ease. (ii) North-eastern part of the country is marked with the presence of big rivers, dissected reliefs, dense forests and frequent showers and floods and international frontiers, etc. (iii) Air travel has made access easier to these undulating north-eastern states of India.

10. Give three advantages of personal communication.

Answer: (i) It keeps you in touch with your near and dear ones. (ii) Long distance communication is also easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver. (iii) It helps in integrating families.

11. Differentiate between personal and mass communication.

12. Which three highways are included in Super Highways of India?

Answer: (i) Golden Quadrilateral: The government of India has launched a major road development project linking Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai and Delhi by a six-lane super highway. (ii) The North-South Corridor: In the north, it links Srinagar of Jammu & Kashmir to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. (iii) The East-West Corridor: It connects Silchar of Assam in the east to Porbandar of Gujarat in the west.

13. What are the major objectives of these Super Highways?

Answer: The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between mega cities of India. These projects have also helped in the economic development of the country. These highway projects are being implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

14. What is the strategic importance of New Mangalore and Kochi ports?

Answer: (i) New Mangalore: This port is located in Karnataka and caters to the export of iron ore concentrates from Kudremukh mines.

(ii) Kochi: Kochi is the extreme South-Western port, located at the entrance of a lagoon with a natural harbour. This port is having the biggest ship building yard.

15. What kind of port is Port of Tuticorin?

Answer: Moving along the east coast, we can see the extreme South Eastern Port of Tuticorin. This port has a natural harbour and rich hinterland. It has a flourishing trade handlings of a large variety of cargoes to even our neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Maldives, etc. and the coastal regions of India.

16. Name the major international airports of India.

Answer: (i) Delhi: Indira Gandhi International Airport

(ii) Amritsar: Raja Sansi International Airport

(iii) Kolkata: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport

(iv) Mumbai: Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport

(v) Chennai: Meenambakkam International Airport

(vi) Thiruvananthapuram: Nedimbacherry International Airport.

17. What is India’s status in the making of feature films?

Answer: India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It produces short films, video feature films and video short films. The Central Board of Film Certification is the authority to certify both Indian and foreign films.

18. What commodities are exported by India?

Answer: Commodities exported from India are: agriculture and allied products, ores and minerals, gems and jewellery, chemical and allied products, engineering goods and petroleum products. India has emerged as a ‘software giant’ at the international level and it is earning foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

19. Why do the movement of goods and services from one place to another require fast and efficient means of transport? Explain with examples. [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: Requirement of efficient means of transport:

(i) We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places.

(ii) Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.

(iii) The products come to the consumers by transportation.

(iv) The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space.

20. Evaluate any three features of ‘Golden Quadrilateral’ Super Highways. [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer: Three features of Golden quadrilateral Super Highways: (i) It is the government project of major road development linking Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai and Delhi. (ii) It is six lane super highways. (iii) It has the objective to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India. (iv) It is implemented by the NHAI for quick and comfortable movement of goods and passengers in India.

21. “Information and Communication technology has played a major role in spreading out production of services across countries.” Justify the statement with examples. [CBSE (F) 2016]

Answer: Technology stimulated the globalization process: (i) Improved transportation technology has made much faster delivery of goods across long distance at lower cost. (ii) Goods are placed in the containers that can be loaded intact onto ships, railways, planes and trucks. (iii) Technology in the areas of telecommunication, computers, and internet has been changing rapidly. (iv) Telecommunication facilities are used to contact one another around the world.

22. “Airways is the most preferred mode of transport in North-Eastern states of India.” Give three reasons to prove this preference. [CBSE Sample Paper 2017] OR Why is air travel more popular in the North-Eastern states of India? Explain. [CBSE (F) 2016]

Answer: Air travel is more popular in the north eastern states of India because:

(i) The north-eastern part of the country is marked with the presence of big rivers, dissected relief and dense forests hence, it is difficult to construct roads and railway lines there.

(ii) There are frequent floods and international frontiers, which require immediate and quick attention from the government authorities. Floods also damage roads and railway lines.

(iii) Air travel has made access to north-eastern part of the country easier and quicker.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Examine with example the role of means of transport and communication in making our life prosperous and comfortable. [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer: Efficient means of transport are pre requisites for fast development. Role of means of transport and communication are:

(i) Today the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. (ii) We can proudly say that India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its large size. (iii) Railways, Airways, Waterways, Newspapers, Radio, Television, Cinema and Internet etc have been contributing to the socio-economic progress in many ways. (iv) The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy.

It has enriched our lives and added substantially to growth and comfort.

2. What are the various means of mass communication used in India?

Answer: (i) It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films.

(ii) All India Radio broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional or local languages.

(iii) Doordarshan, the national television channel of India broadcasts a variety of programmes ranging from entertainment, education to sports, etc.

(iv) India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals annually.

(v) Newspapers are published in about 100 languages and dialects.

(vi) India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It produces short films, video feature films and video short films.

3. What is the importance of Indian railways? Or State any four merits of railways.

Answer: (i) Railways is the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.

(ii) Railways also makes it possible to conduct a number of activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over long distances.

(iii) Apart from being a means of transport, the Indian railways has been a great integrating force for more than 150 years.

(iv) Railways in India binds the economic life of the country by developing industry and agriculture through transportation. The Indian railways is the largest public sector undertaking in India.

4. Classify roads of India on the basis of their capacity.

Answer: (i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: These projects are implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). There are three major Super Highways. Golden Quadrilateral starts from Delhi, moves to Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and back to Delhi. The North-South Corridor starts from Srinagar to Kanyakumari. The East-West Corridor connects Silchar to Porbandar.

(ii) National Highways: These roads are laid and maintained by Central Public Works Department (CPWD). A number of major National Highways run in North-South and East-West directions, e.g., Sher Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No. 1.

(iii) State Highways: Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as state highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by States and Union Territories.

(iv) District Roads: These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.

(v) Rural Roads: These roads link rural areas and villages with towns. These roads are constructed under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.

5. What do you know about Kandla Port?

Answer: Kandla in Kachchh was the first port developed soon after Independence to ease the volume of trade on the Mumbai port. It is the only important port of Gujarat as after partition, the Karachi port had become a part of Pakistan. It is a tidal port. It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching across the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

6. What is the contribution of Mumbai and Goa ports in the economy of India?

Answer: Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious, natural and well-sheltered harbor. The Jawaharlal Nehru port was planned with a view to decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub port for this region. Marmagao port of Goa is the premier iron ore exporting port of the country. This port accounts for about fifty per cent of India’s iron ore export.

7. What is the role played by the Eastern coastal ports of India in trade?

Answer: (i) Chennai: It is one of the oldest artificial ports of the country. It is ranked next to Mumbai in terms of volume of trade and cargo.

(ii) Vishakhapatnam: It is the deepest land-locked and well-protected port. This port was originally conceived as an outlet for iron ore exports.

(iii) Paradip Port: It is located in Odisha and specialises in the export of iron ore.

(iv) Kolkata: It is an inland riverine port. This port serves a very large and rich hinterland of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. Being a tidal port, it requires constant dredging of Hoogly.

(v) Haldia Port: It was developed as a subsidiary port, in order to relieve growing pressure on the Kolkata port.

8. What are the advantages of airways?

Answer: Today, air travel is the fastest, most comfortable and the prestigious mode of transport. It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and also long oceanic stretches with great ease.

In north-eastern part of India, there are big rivers, dissected relief, dense forests and frequent floods and international frontiers. In such situations, air transport is considered to be the best option. Government of India has made special provisions to make air travel pocket friendly to north-eastern states of India.

9. Which tourisms attract foreigners to India?

Answer: Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism. Agra (UP), Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu & Kashmir and temple towns of South India are important destinations of foreign tourists. There is a vast potential of tourism development in the north-eastern states and the interior parts of Himalayas, but due to strategic reasons, these have not been encouraged so far. However, there lies a bright future ahead for this upcoming industry.

10. Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of Roadways with those of Railways. [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer: Roadways v/s Railways

(i) Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines and construction time is also comparatively less.

(ii) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography which is a limitation in case of railways.

(iii) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains like the Himalayas, whereas the mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. Likewise, it is difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plains in the deserts, swampy or forested tracks.

(iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances whereas railways are suitable for transportation of large number of people and goods in bulk, especially over long distances.

(v) Roadways provide door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower but railways have not reached everywhere, still there are places which are yet to be connected with the railways.

(vi) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports. On the other hand, railways work as a life line for the economic growth of a country as they carry raw materials and produced goods from one part of the nation to another on a large scale.

11. What is trade? Explain the importance of international trade. [CBSE Delhi 2016]

Answer: Trade: The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.

Importance: (i) International trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity. (ii) It is considered the economic barometer for a country. (iii) As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade. (iv) Countries have trade relations with the major trading blocks. (v) Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.

12. ‘Dense and efficient network of transport is a prerequisite for trade.’’ Examine the statement. [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: (i) They provide trade and connectivity facilities. (ii) Railways, airways, waterways, etc. have been contributing to its socioeconomic progress in many ways. (iii) The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy. (iv) It has enriched our lives. (v) It has added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life. (vi) The world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.

13. “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.” Support the statement with arguments. [CBSE (Comptt) 2017, CBSE Delhi 2017, CBSE (AI) 2016] OR How do roadways score over railways in India?

Answer: Roadways still have an edge over railways in India: (i) Construction cost of roadways is much lower than that of railways. Its maintenance is cheap easy. (ii) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissecting and undulating plains. (iii) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and can traverse mountains like Himalaya. (iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and small amount of goods over short distances. (v) It also provides door to door services. (vi) Cost of loading and unloading is much lower. (vii) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide link between railway station, airports and sea ports. (viii) It is useful for transport of perishable commodities.

14. Explain any five major problems faced by road transport in India. [CBSE (F) 2017, CBSE (AI) 2016]

Answer: Five major problems faced by road transport in India are: (i) Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate. (ii) About 50% of the roads are unmetalled. (iii) This limits their usage during the rainy season. (iv) The National highways are also inadequate. (v) Moreover, the roads are highly congested in cities. (vi) Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

15. Define the term ‘tourism’. Why is tourism known as a trade? Explain. [CBSE (F) 2016]

Answer: The definition of tourism is “The cultural, recreational and commercial visits to places of interest in a country is known as tourism”

Tourism is known as trade because: (i) Foreign tourist arrivals in the country contributing `64,889/- crore of foreign exchange in 2010. (ii) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry (iii) Tourism provides support to local handicrafts. (iv) Foreign tourists visit India for medical tourism and business tourism. (v) Helps in the growth of national income and integrity.

HOTS Questions (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

1. “Transport routes are called the basic arteries of our economy.” Support this statement with examples.

Answer: We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.

Roads are very significant in carrying goods from one place to another and serve for local, national and international trade. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of industry and agriculture.

Pipeline transportation was used for water transportation only. Now these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertiliser factories and big thermal plants. Waterways are the cheapest mode of transport. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.

Air travel today is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport. Pawan Hans helicopters Ltd. provides helicopter services to oil and natural gas commission in its offshore operations to inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like the North eastern states and interior parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

2. ‘Transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other’. Explain with two examples.

Answer: The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport is a prerequisite for fast development. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space.

With the development in science and technology the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide. Today the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

3. Why is the distribution of roads not uniform in India? Explain with examples. Or What problems are we facing with roadways in India?

Answer: (i) Density of all roads varies from only 10 kms in Jammu and Kashmir to 552 kms in UP with national average of 125 kms. (ii) Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate. (iii) About half of the roads are unmettled and this limits their usage during the rainy season. (iv) The roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

4. “The distribution pattern of Indian Railway network is influenced by the physiographic factors.” Examine the statement. OR How do physiographic, economic and administrative factors influence the railway network in India? [CBSE (Comptt) 2017] OR Analyse the physiographic and economic factors that have influenced the distribution pattern of the railway network in our country. [CBSE, 2015] OR Explain with examples the conditions responsible for uneven distribution pattern of the railway network in India. [CBSE (F) 2016]

Answer: Physical and economic factors have influenced the distribution pattern of the Indian Railways Network:

(i) Northern Plains : Level land , high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the development of Railways in these plains. However a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide banks posed some obstacles .

(ii) Peninsular region and the Himalayan region : The railway tracts are laid through low hills , gaps or tunnels .The Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief , sparse population and lack of economic opportunities .

(iii) Desert of Rajasthan: It was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of western Rajasthan which has hindered the development of railways .

(iv) Swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand are also not suitable for the development of railways.

(v) The contiguous stretch of sahyadri could be crossed only through gaps or passes. Although the development of Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in the most important economic region of India. It has also faced a number of problems such as sinking of track in some stretches and landslides.

(vi) Peninsular plateau rich in minerals promotes industrial development, encourage the railway tracks.

5. Describe the measures taken for the quick delivery of mails in cities and large towns. Or How is classification of mails done by the postal networks of India?

Answer: The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personal written communication. Cards and envelops are considered first class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both land and air.

To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large town and cities, six main channels have been introduced recently. They are called: (i) Rajdhani Channel, (ii) Metro Channel, (iii) Green Channel, (iv) Business Channel, (v) Bulk Mail Channel & (vi) Periodical Channel.

6. “No country can survive without international trade in the present Global world.” Explain the statement.

Answer: As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade. Export and import are the components of trade. International trade helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries through foreign trade.

International trade helped India in increasing its productivity and improving quality of its products and then exporting the manufactured goods. International trade had also helped India to import recent technology to improve its productivity and the quality of the product. Government’s policy of globalisation and liberalisation had helped four folds in making its place in the Global World.

7. Why is tourism considered a trade as well as an industry?

Answer: (i) Foreign tourists’ arrival in the country had seen an increase, contributing ₹ 64,889 crore of foreign exchange. (ii) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in tourism industry. (iii) Tourism also promotes national integration and provides support to local handicrafts. (iv) It also helps in the development of international understanding about Indian culture and heritage. (v) Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism. (vi) Rajasthan, Agra (UP), Goa, Jammu & Kashmir and temple towns of South India are important destinations of foreign tourists in India.

8. Means of transportation and communication are called the lifelines of a nation and its economy. Why? OR “Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for the fast development.” Express your views in favour of this statement. [CBSE Delhi 2016]

Answer: (i) Movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. (ii) The pace of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. (iii) Therefore, efficient means of transport and communication are prerequisites for fast development. (iv) Therefore, modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation and its modern economy.

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Geography Lifelines of National Economy

Case study questions class 10 geography chapter 7 lifelines of national economy.

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Geography Lifelines of National Economy. Term 2 Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Lifelines of National Economy.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 10 Geography Lifelines of National Economy

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Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

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Table of Contents

Here we are providing case study questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy.

Case Study Question 1:

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry. Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to cal handicrafts and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.

There is a vast potential for development of tourism in all parts of the country. Efforts are being made to promote different types of tourism for this upcoming industry.

Q 1. Explain the importance of tourism. Ans. Tourism has the following importance: (i) It promotes national integration and provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. (ii) It helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.

Q 2. Give an example of ‘Heritage tourism.’ Ans. Example of ‘Heritage tourism’ includes visiting a museum or historic home. For example, Taj Mahal in Agra.

Q 3. Assess the benefits of improving tourism in India. Ans. The benefits of improving tourism in India are as under: (i) It provides employment opportunities (ii) It helps to protect and preserver heritage sites. (iii) It contributes towards the complete growth and development of a country. (iv) It creates a sense of cultural exchange between foreigners and citizens.

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Tips to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science.

Preparing for case study and passage-based questions in class 10 social science can be challenging, but it is important to remember that with the right approach, you can effectively tackle these types of questions. Here are some steps you can take to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science:

• Understand the format of case study questions: Case study questions for class 10 social science usually require you to read a scenario or a passage and answer a set of questions based on it. These questions can be based on various topics like history, geography, economics, or civics.
• Read and analyze the case study or passage carefully: The first step in answering case study questions is to read the scenario or passage carefully. Try to identify the main idea or theme of the passage and note down any important details that you think are relevant. Pay attention to any maps, graphs, or charts that are included as they can be helpful in answering the questions.
• Identify the type of questions being asked: After reading the case study or passage, you should analyze the questions being asked. Try to identify the type of question, whether it is a factual question or an analytical question. Factual questions require you to provide specific details from the passage, while analytical questions require you to use your critical thinking skills to analyze the information presented in the passage.
• Use your textbook and notes: To prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the topics covered in your textbook. Go through your notes and textbook to revise the relevant topics and concepts. This will help you to answer the questions more accurately.
• Practice sample questions: One of the best ways to prepare for case study questions is to practice answering sample questions. Try to find sample questions online or in your textbook and practice answering them. This will help you to get comfortable with the format of the questions and improve your speed and accuracy.

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Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 MCQ Test (Online Available)

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Duration: 10 Mins

Maximum Marks: 10

Read the following instructions carefully.

1. The test contains 10 total questions.

2. Each question has 4 options out of which only one is correct .

3. You have to finish the test in 10 minutes.

4. You will be awarded 1 mark for each correct answer.

5. You can view your Score & Rank after submitting the test.

6. Check detailed Solution with explanation after submitting the test.

7. Rank is calculated on the basis of Marks Scored & Time

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Just like other lessons in CBSE Class 10, the Lifelines of National Economy is important for all the students to study properly. Especially, practising concept based questions are vital and therefore, here we have made available the Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 MCQ Online Test. The Objective questions of Class 10 Lifelines of National Economy are prepared referring to the NCERT Class 10 Social Science Book and previous year question papers.

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Anyone who is going to attempt the online Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 MCQ Test must consider these points before solving them.

• Make Sure the CBSE Class 10 Syllabus is Covered: It is important for the students to gather concepts from the Class 10 Syllabus as with the help of it a student can be aware of all the topics that are covered under the Lifelines of National Economy. Having a proper idea of topics before solving the Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 MCQ will not only help students to answer questions, but assist them to not consider any question out of the syllabus.
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• Navigate to the CBSE MCQ Test by clicking on CBSE mentioned under the CBSE in the navigation button/bar.

• A new page will open where you need to click on Class 10th

• It will open a list of subjects where you need to click on Social Science 
• Click on Social Science and it will show you the direct link to access the Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 MCQ Online Test.

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• CBSE Notes For Class 10
• Class 10 Social Science Geography
• Chapter 7 Lifelines Of National Economy

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 - Lifelines of National Economy

The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world. In CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 – Lifelines of National Economy, you will see how modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation and its modern economy.

• Chapter 1 Resources and Development
• Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3 Water Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources
• Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 – Lifelines of National Economy

The movement of goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth, i.e., land, water and air. Based on these, transport can also be classified into land, water and air transport. Let’s discuss them in detail.

India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating about 54.7 lakh km. The growing importance of road transport over rail transport is mentioned below:

• The construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
• Roads can cover more geographically harder locations that cannot be done by the railways.
• Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and can be easily built-in traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.
• Road transport is economical.
• It also provides door-to-door service.
• Road transport provides links between railway stations, air and seaports.

In India, roads are classified into the following six classes according to their capacity.

Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways

Golden Quadrilateral is a network of Highways connecting India’s four top metropolitan cities, namely Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai. These highway projects are being implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

National Highways

The National Highways are a network of trunk roads that are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). The historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No.1, between Delhi and Amritsar.

State Highways

Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD).

District Roads

These roads connect the district headquarters with other places in the district. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.

Other Roads

Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages with towns, are classified under this category. These roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.

Border Roads

Border Roads Organisation constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country. This organisation was established in 1960 for the development of roads of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas.

Roads can also be classified on the basis of the type of material used for their construction, such as:

• Metalled roads may be made of cement, concrete or even bitumen or coal. These are all-weather roads.
• Unmetalled roads go out of use in the rainy season.

Railways are the principal mode of transportation for carrying huge loads and bulky goods for long and short distances in India. Railways have become more important in India’s economy. However, rail transport suffers from certain problems as well, which are mentioned below:

• Construction of bridges is required across rivers’ wide beds for laying down the railway lines.
• In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
• The Himalayan mountainous regions are also unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to the highest elevation points in the surface, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
• It is difficult to lay railway lines on sandy plains.

A pipeline network uses pipes, usually underground, to transport and distribute fluids. These are used to transport water, crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into a slurry.

There are 3 important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.

• From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)
• From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab
• From Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh

Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. It is a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport.

The National Waterways in India are:

• N.W. No.1 – The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km).
• N.W. No.2 – The Brahmaputra River between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km).
• N.W. No.3 – The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapurma-Kollam, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals-205 km).
• N.W. No.4 – Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with the Kakinada Puducherry stretch of canals (1078 km).
• N.W. No.5 – Specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai river, delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast Canal (588 km).

Inland waterways in India are Mandavi, Zuari and Cumberjua, Sunderbans, Barak and the backwaters of Kerala through which transportation takes place.

Major Sea Ports

India’s trade with foreign countries is carried from the ports. There are 2 major and 200 notified non-major (minor/intermediate) ports in India.

Here is the list of major ports in India:

• Kandla in Kachchh was the first port to be developed after independence. It is also known as the Deendayal Port.
• Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural, and well-sheltered harbour.
• Marmagao Port (Goa) is the premier iron ore exporting port of India.
• Mangalore Port, located in Karnataka, caters to the export of iron ore.
• Kochchi is the extreme southwestern port located at the entrance of a lagoon.
• Tuticorin Port is situated in the extreme southeast.
• Chennai is one of the oldest artificial ports in India.
• Visakhapatnam is the deepest landlocked and well-protected port
• Paradwip Port, located in Odisha, specialises in the export of iron ore.
• Kolkata is an inland riverine port.
• Haldia port was developed as a subsidiary port in order to relieve growing pressure on the Kolkata port.

The airway is the fastest, most comfortable and most prestigious mode of transport. Air travel has made access easier to the terrain areas like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and long oceans. Air transport was nationalised in 1953. Air India provides domestic and international air services.

Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provides helicopter services to Oil and Natural Gas Corporation in its off-shore operations in inaccessible areas and difficult terrains. But, air travel is not within the reach of the common people.

To know about the Smart Cities of India, watch the below video

Communication

The major means of communication in India are television, radio, press, films, etc.

The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personal written communications.

• First-class mail is airlifted between stations covering both land and air.
• Second-class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport.

India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) facilities all over India have been made possible by integrating the development of space technology with communication technology.

• Mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films.
• India Radio Channel (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages.
• Doordarshan, the national television channel, is one of the largest terrestrial networks in the world.
• India publishes a large number of newspapers in about 100 languages and dialects.

International Trade

The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade . Trade between two countries is called international trade . It is considered as the economic barometer for a country. Export and import are the components of the trade. The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its export and import.

• When the value of export exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade .
• If the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed an unfavourable balance of trade .

The commodities exported from India to other countries include gems and jewellery, chemicals and related products, agriculture and allied products, etc.

The commodities imported to India include petroleum crude and products, gems and jewellery, chemicals and related products, base metals, electronic items, machinery, agriculture and allied products.

Tourism as a Trade

More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry. Tourism in India:

• Promotes national integration
• Provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits
• Helps in the development of international understanding of Indian culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.

We hope these  CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes helped you in your studies. Keep learning and stay tuned for more updates on CBSE and NCERT. Download the BYJU’S App and subscribe to the YouTube channel to access interactive maths and science videos.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 7 Lifelines of Natural Economy

What is the meaning of ‘economy’.

An economy is a large set of interrelated production and consumption activities that aid in determining how scarce resources are allocated.

When was the Indian postal service started?

Warren Hastings had taken the initiative under the East India Company to start the Postal Service in the country in 1766.

What is the meaning of ‘International trade’?

International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services.

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