european union research paper topics

226 European Union Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best european union topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on european union, 📌 simple & easy european union essay titles, 🔍 interesting topics to write about european union, ⭐ most interesting european union topics to write about, 💡 good research topics about european union, ❓ research questions about european union.

• EU as a Successful International Organization The second institution is the executive organ of the organization; the executive organ is the decision-making body of the EU, and it is composed of ministers with each minister representing a state.[1] It is this […]
• EU-USA Relationship Analysis In the present day, the United States and the European Union have the most integrated interrelation in the sphere of economy and the largest bilateral investment and trade relationship worldwide. We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
• The Relationship Between the European Union and the United States Both the EU and the U.S.have a deep sense of widely shared values and a strong belief in democracy as a way of governance, adherence to principles of the rule of law, respect for human […]
• History of the European Union The signing of the Lisbon Treaty on December 13, 2009, transformed the structure of the European Community, which was subsequently renamed the European Union.
• The European Union and the United States Comparison Overall, the evaluation of the facts shows that the EU is a unique union of independent countries having not many similarities with the other political formations in the world including the US.
• EU’s Single Market: Article 36 TFEU In this critical analysis and discussion paper, the focus is on the contribution made by the Court of Justice of the European Union case law regarding Article 36 TFEU to the achievement and maintenance of […]
• EU’s Role and Reaction to Brexit While the EU is one of the primary actors of Brexit since it participates in the negotiations as one of the parties, it can be considered as the primary reason for the start of the […]
• Intermodal Transportation in the European Union and the United States The case study focuses on both the positive and negative impact of regulation or deregulation in the E.U.and the U.S.on intermodal transportation growth.
• An Overview of the Main Challenges Facing the European Union From the analysis of the complexities in the administration of the European Union, it is evident that the key area in the genesis of its challenges lies in its quest for harmony in administration.
• Economic Effects of the European Union on the 2004 Accession Countries A review of the literature will be the primary method of study, emphasizing on researches and studies conducted on the subject of the EU accession and the economic repercussions during the countries’ entry into the […]
• Impact of the EU’s New Carbon Tariffs on the Global Economy The bloc has begun the implementation of the highest carbon pricing policy in the world within the framework of the CBAM.
• “EU Unveils Proposal…” Article by Kim Mackrael This article was about a proposal by the European Union’s executive arm to cap the gap prices so as to cushion its consumers from the high and volatile prices.
• The Brexit Impact on the European Union Internal Stability In this regard, I will search for scholarly sources and periodicals that evaluate Brexit’s impact on the EU internal stability and strength of European integration.
• What Sense Does the European Union Makes for European Countries Thus, it can be said that the EU is an alliance of countries to improve the well-being of each of its members through common economic and tourism regulations.
• European Union: Geopolitical Challenges Secondly, a humanitarian and migratory crisis that is related to making the territoriality of politics more open and restricting the idea of one member state having power over the other, and lastly, response to climate […]
• Legal Risks of AI Cybersecurity in the European Union Thus, this paper seeks to fill the gap on whether or not safety and security can be covered in cybersecurity for AI by the same rules that are used in private law. The EU has […]
• The European Union and the US: Business Expansion Options Exporting the new blood machine from the States to nations in the E.U.would be advantageous as manufacturing costs are slashed by half, and since the market in the E.U.is readily available, all the company would […]
• Should the EU Become Autonomous in Defence and Security Policy? The purpose of the NATO is to ensure the security of its member states and defend their interests in the global arena.
• The European Union Infringement Procedure The EU has seven institutions, but the parliament, EU commission, EU Council, and the Court of Justice of the EU play a major role in formulating and enforcing the EU law.
• EU Policy: Clean Air Policy Package Another obvious benefit of this policy is that the uniform implementation of legislation that requires citizens and businesses to reduce the emissions of their vehicles or machines, which will affect the air quality of all […]
• EU Law: Mergers and Acquisitions Need Further Reform The provision of state aid to EU corporations is defined by article 107 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
• Ireland’s and European Union’s Strategic Analysis According to the latest decision, the ports of Northern Ireland will carry out border functions for the maritime border between the EU and the UK.
• Article 102 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union: Abuse of Dominance Article 102 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union is the primary stature currently used for legal enforcement of abuse of dominance in the market in the EU.
• Relationship Between the UK and European Union The U.K became an E.U member, which was then referred to as the EEC, in the year 1973 under the Conservative Government led by Edward Heath.
• The Analysis of European Union Accounting To begin with, it is necessary to state that the implementation of the innovative accounting harmonization model in all Member-States of the EU might fail due to different practices used in each country.
• Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and Consumer Contracts According to the European Commission, the solutions to such complex systems are in the freedom of contract. Rules may limit freedom of contract in some member states of the EU.
• The Influence of EU Law Upon Equal Pay Law in the UK In particular, the inclusion of the equal pay provision in the EU treaty, the EU equal pay directive, the European Court of Justice case law, and more recently, the inclusion of social equality principles in […]
• Market Abuse Concept in the Context of the EU and UK Legislation In order to conclude regarding the integrity of the market and effectiveness of proposed regulations to address the market abuse, it is important to understand what aspects of market abuse are identified as influential for […]
• Somali Fishermen vs. The European Union and the US One of the suggestions made on tackling the maritime piracy problem is making use of the private sector rather than the developing countries’ governments.
• Movement of Companies Within the European Union The ECJ held that this was in contravention to the freedom of establishment although it mostly dealt with legal standings and not company operations.
• The European Union’s Single Market The most outstanding treaties include the European Coal and Steel Committee of 1951, the Treaty of Rome signed in 1957, the Accession treaty, the first Budgetary Treaty, the Second Budgetary Treaty, The treaty of Amsterdam, […]
• The European Union and Market Functioning It is imperative to know the rules and regulations that govern the market conduct of the European Union. Such is the case with our company with its new branches in the member states of the […]
• European Union’s Global Relationships and Economy One of the significant advantages of the EU is the fact that it is comprised of both highly developed and developing nations.
• European Union Health Law and Food Law The establishment of food law is connected to the multiple cases of food poisoning in the 1990s. The overtime change in the EU food regulation gradually moved from general provisions and establishment of frameworks, policies, […]
• Britain Leaves the European Union The theory of constructivism usually criticizes realism and liberalism, since it believes that the most valuable thing for the country is not the market or national security, but the correct definition of the role in […]
• Energy Relations Between the European Union and Russia: Economic and Political Perspectives In the last part of this study, a conclusion about the motivation that underlies the actions of Russia and the EU, and the interconnection of the political and economic reasons for such activities will be […]
• France & Germany: Approaches to EU Foreign Policy The President of France, however, expresses a more visionary approach to foreign policy for the EU. In essence, both states are powerful forces and should work in cooperation to manage the EU’s foreign policy.
• Brexit and COVID-19: Economic Stability of the EU The purpose of this policy note is to provide the general information about EU economy, show its importance in comparison to other countries, discuss the effect of Brexit and COVID-19 on the situation, and analyze […]
• European Union: The Effects of the Expansion of the EU In an attempt to critically evaluate the effects of the expansion of the EU, this paper is keen on objectively analyzing facts that point to the expansion of the union as well as comparing how […]
• European Union and Its Energy Situations Considering that it is the greatest energy consumption of up to 16% of the total energy consumed in the world, the European Union determines the impacts of energy type used on the environment to a […]
• How Powerful Is the European Parliament in the EU Decision Making Process? The European parliament is one of the highly ranked legislatures within the European Union. It is important to remember that the above four functions are done by the bicameral EU body which is made up […]
• The Evolving Purpose of the European Union The rules on immigration were stipulated to control the number of foreigners seeking employment within the member states of the European Union.
• European Union: The Advantages, Hindrances, Cultural Diversity Problems The main advantage of entering into the Union is ensuring that the country will integrate more with the Western European countries which will see to it that the country will have the benefit of raising […]
• A Joining the European Union This would create stability in importation and exportation of goods and services thereby eliminating the risk of a fluctuating currency that would have increased the cost of production.
• France: Position in the EU and Immigration The social framework of France is presupposed with the whole European trends in making social and economic programs for the citizens of the EU.
• Luxembourg on Turkey’s Accession to the European Union At the moment, close to two thirds of the members of the population in Luxembourg strongly support the position that their country occupies within the European Union.
• European Union’s Unity: Disadvantages France, Luxemburg and Holland decided to get together to establish a small union, it was the first root of the European Union. It is one way to resemble to welfare system in the European Union.
• European Union Laws on Commercial Sports The modern football in the European Union has been highly professionalized and like any other commercial organizations, the sports departments have to be guided and regulated by sports policies which are entailed in the main […]
• Pros and Cons of Countries Integration on the Example of the EU France, Luxemburg, and Holland decided to get together to establish a small union, it was the first root of the European Union. It is a double-sided advantage for consumers and producers of the European Union.
• The Social Security Pensions Policy in the EU The impact of aging on the long-term profitability of the system in turn causes the savers to go for the private pension schemes and this reduces the size of the pension scheme.
• The European Union: Mission and Structure However, the European Parliament, European Commission, the European Court of Justice and the Directives that are issued, bind the member countries.
• European Union Enlargement Argument This is a report on the topic the supportive arguments for increasing the number of members of the European Union. Some of the justifications include creating a better relationship between the member countries, a common […]
• European Union: Public Finance in Integrated Economy The decisions in regard to the quantum of resources to be provided in the budget and how such resources will be utilized, are primarily decided by a democratic process that is an integral part of […]
• The European Union’s Budget Expenditures The third resource is that based on the GNI, Gross National Product, of each of the member states of the Union.
• Cross-Border Mobility of Labour and Capital Within the European Union The cross border labour and capital flow in the long run and in the medium term within the European Union has been as a result of the speed at which the entire region has been […]
• Turkey’s Advantages of Joining the European Union For a very log time Turkey has been trying all possible ways of becoming a member state of the European Union, the hardship of Turkey’s entry into the European Union has been necessitated by several […]
• European Union & Court of Justice The sixth most important developmental trend in the history of Europe has been visualized by Europeanization since the 16th century in a broad historical sense.”The primary and overarching objective of EU development cooperation is the […]
• European Union and the Emerging Concept of Social Control The article significantly addresses the importance of the emerging concept of social control in the place of the decaying concept of state based on Foucault’s criticism of a ‘theory of the State.’ intending to imply […]
• Impact of European Union Trade Policy on World Economy The trade policy of EU are mainly focused on the principles of trade liberalization and regional integration however it is also observed that some of the trade policies of EU are not conflict sensitive in […]
• European Union: Fairly Successful Integration Project The aim of the ECSC was to create some measure of convergence at the level the coal and steel commodities of policies including the setting of common prices.
• “Poland and the EU” by Fairlamb David The author believes that there are two kinds of forces in place in the country: first is the hardworking, efficient dedicated countrymen who are willing to toll their livelihood and the other are the bureaucratic […]
• Accountability in the European Union For EU, it is important to keep independence in the accounting that it may be regarded as a cornerstone upon which much of the ethics peculiar to the institution is built.
• United States & EU Efforts to Fight Terrorism In spite of these minor differences, both the U.S.and EU continue their cooperation against terrorism. K to the U.S.
• Sajjad Karim on the European Union Economic Policy The member of the EP also advocates for free trade deals that can ensure the improvement of the trade relationship between the European Union and other countries such as the USA or China. The member […]
• Social Protection and Competitiveness in the European Union The EU Competitiveness Council met in February this year worked towards finding key solutions to the problem with the competitive process: “The Competitiveness Council’s key issues paper covers key measures in the area of investment […]
• European Union and Central & Eastern Europe Relationships The relationships between the EU and Central and Eastern Europe help the latter to overcome negative outcomes of the market-centered economy and improve their economic systems.
• Australia and European Union Political Relations The British settlements of Australia in the year 1788 marked the beginning of a steady tributary of Europeans enthusiasm to counterfeit new lives in the great southern continent.
• The European Union’s Counterterrorism Strategy Researchers note that “the radicalization of European Muslims is seen as a concern and international terrorism is perceived as being linked to a wide range of other threats” in the UK, France, and the Netherlands.
• Merger & Acquisition Effects in the European Union The main purpose of this chapter is therefore to explain the background of the study, the research aim, the research objectives, and the structure of the dissertation.
• Banana Dispute: World Trade Organization vs. European Union One of the main factors that led to emergence of the dispute between EU and Latin American countries is the tariffs that were imposed on banana imports by EU.
• Agricultural Policy in the European Union and the USA The position of this thesis on the EU and the US, particularly in the light of the political implications on policy-making in the Agricultural Sectors is that both the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy and the […]
• Common Agricultural Policy in the EU The number of funds that were being used for the payments was proposed to be used in developing the countryside through the establishment of a budget for rural development.
• Agricultural Policies in the EU vs. the US It is the position of this paper concerning the European Union, and the United States, particularly in the light of the political implications on policymaking in the Agricultural Sectors, that both the EU’s Common Agricultural […]
• European Union Countries as Business Environments Some of the major events characterizing the formation and development of the EU include the 1957 Rome Treaty that created the European Economic Community or EEC.
• Culture and Entry Modes into the European Union Additionally, the authors look into the fresh ways for defining cultures, and how to augment the accuracy of cultural models. This means the government will have to cut loose a massive working population from its […]
• Health Law and Systems in the European Union It resulted in the appearance and development of diverse practices aimed at the preservation of the level of health and its improvement in the majority of the EU states.
• Health Improvement in the European Union Countries In this respect, the main objectives of this work are 1) to discuss how the EU has been enabled to improve the human health in the recent years and 2) to observe the most significant […]
• European Union Business and Sovereignty Issues The European Union had become a threat to the United States in the 1950s and the 1960s whereby the US felt that the EU would soon become the strongest economies in the world if they […]
• The EU-Russia Energy Relations The literature review section examines the effectiveness of imperialism and realism theories in explaining the future of interdependence between the EU and Russia.
• UK-EU Economic Overtone After Brexit Here, the scope of the analysis is centered on understanding the threats and opportunities of the move and the models of economic relations between the UK and the EU.
• European Union: Legitimacy and the Euro Crisis Management Chapters included in the paper will discuss such topics as sources of legitimacy in the EU, the Eurozone crisis, main actors that should participate in the management of the crisis, as well as problems of […]
• The European Union: John Weiler and Andrew Moravcsik Theories In the work “The Transformation of Europe”, Weiler argues that the integration of different European states transformed the continent into something similar to a federal arrangement.
• Separation of Powers Theory in the European Union This search for the optimal organization of society leads to the emergence of the theory of separation of powers, which has set a goal to protect human rights and freedoms.
• Company Acquisition Within the European Union Acquiring a company within the EU is be the best option for an American company willing to do business in the EU because this strategy grants access to the wider European market.
• Democratic Deficit in the European Union In theory, the foundation of democracy is to be composed of the political equality of citizens and the control of the population in the process of making decisions.
• France and the European Union: Cooperation Issues Despite the fact that France has been a part of the EU for quite some time, it needs to adjust to the new standards set by the organization.
• European Union vs. North American Free Trade Zone Thus, large western states that are part of the North American continent are members of NAFTA, and most of the countries of Europe are included in the European Union.
• US and EU Economic Sanctions Against Russia The first sanctions were applied after the annexation of Crimea by Russia; the next rounds of sanctions were imposed after the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis in the Donbass area.
• Internet, Economic Development and EU Debt Crisis Overall, the fundamental reason for the debt crisis in the eurozone was the lack of sufficient control and the connivance to the spontaneous forces of the market.
• European Union Anti-Money Laundering Directive Its full name is Directive 2015/849 of the European Parliament and the Council on the prevention of the use of the financial system for money laundering or terrorist financing 2015/849 of the European Parliament and […]
• UK Withdrawal from the European Union: Theories Cited in EU referendum Elliott commented that “even in the CBI’s skewed choice of scenarios for exit it was forced to admit that would happen”.
• The European Union’ Relations with the Middle East In the understanding of this relationship, it is further important to focus on the concept of human rights and its influence or role in the EU-Middle East relationship.
• Employment in the EU: the Working Time Directive Thus, the primary objective of the WTD is to implement EU-wide working time and schedule standards so as to protect the workers’ health and safety and further the integration of the single labor market.
• Turkey’s EU Integration Challenges The subsequent rivalry between the nations of the Christendom and the Islamic Empire contributed to the creation of an idea that Turkey has not been part for the European Identity.
• EU Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive It was with this issue therefore that the EU resolved to introduce the Electromagnetic Compatibility directives which would be enforced and monitored to ensure that the environment was kept free of electromagnetic waste and that […]
• EU Trade Barrier Impact on the UAE Economy In recent years, there is a tendency for the increase in the volume of trade between the countries of the EU and the UAE.
• Austrian Economics and European Union Membership After becoming a federal state in 1804, Austria participated in the Napoleonic wars making it one of the greatest states of the period. The level of animosity led to the WWI, leading to the creation […]
• EU-UAE Economic Relations and Agreements The introduction provides a snippet preview of foreign relations before the background gives the history of the economic relations of the EU and the UAE.
• The EU’s Legislative, Executive, Judiciary Bodies Those are the European Council, the Council of Ministers, the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Auditors, and the European Central Bank.
• The Treaty of Lisbon: Reforming the European Union Generally, the mandate of the treaty includes reforming the structure of the European Union and its mode of operations within member countries.
• Total Quality Management in the EU and Football Association The European Commission and the council of the European Union are the chief institutions of the EU. In addition, the court of Justice of the European Union is a key legal institution of the EU.
• France’s Foreign Policy and Its Role in EU In the analysis, the primary focus will be on the role of France in EU-especially the objectives that France has for the EU, France’s strategy towards Russia’s sanctions, and the Franco-Russian relations, as well as […]
• The Gulf Cooperation Council’ and European Union Purposes At the same time, the EU was created on the basis of the European Communities that were established in the 1960s.
• Economy Issues: European Union Impacts on Ireland Businesses This is why it is important to examine the influence of the European Union on the work of various businesses in Ireland.
• European Union and Developing Countries Due to the dynamics in the globe regarding development projects as well as aspects of priority in several countries, the EU has had to change its development policies over the years.
• Macroeconomic Factors within the EU Recession in the EU has pushed some of the international companies out of the market because of the increased production costs in the region and low profits.
• International Business: European Union It also ensures that the regulations and directives of the union are adopted by the Parliament and the Council, and if not the offending party is taken to the Court of Justice by the Commission.
• Countries Leaving European Union The current trends in the Euro zone have continued to illustrate the inevitability of disintegration of the European Union. Upon the onset of the crises, the policy makers within the Euro Zone did not seem […]
• The Free Movement of Persons under the European Union Law In order to achieve this, it was also deemed necessary to establish the free movement of capital, goods and services within the jurisdiction of the EU2.
• Role of Frontex in Combating Illegal Immigration in the European Union Territory Surveillance on external borders With its headquarters in Warsaw, Poland, the European Agency for the management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the member states of the European Union is a body, which […]
• European Union Free Movement Directives and Regulations The paper analyses the EU s policy on free movement of people and more specifically the Directive in the rights of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within […]
• New Governance in the European Union In fields where the skills are imparted between the Member States and the Union, the open technique for coordination may be seen as an issue component to distinguish where an activity of the Union may […]
• Sustainability of Trade Relationship Between EU and China Bearing in mind the bilateral trade difficulties and frustrations from both EU and China as set out in the section on the discussion of the title of the proposed research, the topic of this dissertation […]
• The Monetary Union of the European Union Certainly, the integrated economic and monetary union produces a plethora of advantages for the members of the European community in terms of a single market and free exchange of products and services.
• The Agricultural Policy in European Union and the United State of America To achieve the main aim of the study, the third objective will be to analyse the common agricultural policy in the European Union and its effects on the member countries with the use of Germany, […]
• North American Free Trade Agreement and the EU The purpose of this term paper is to describe about the North American Free Trade Agreement and the impact of this agreement on the US, compare the NAFTA agreement to the European Union free trade […]
• The Effects of the EU Political Crisis on the Economy The dwindling economic relevance of the region in the global market is one of the greatest misgivings in the European economy.
• To What Extent Is Policy-Making Being Europeanised in Member States of the European Union The effort by the EU in creating integrated policies within various sectors of economies, which are applicable to all the nations that form the EU, is a remarkable measure in ensuring the EU develops collectively […]
• Agricultural Subsidies in the United States and the EU The main purpose of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the US and the EU agricultural subsidies.
• Is EU’s Development Policy a Neo-Colonial Project? The Statement, according to this author, further reiterated the EU’s unwavering dedication to coherence, coordination and complementarity in its development policy to ACP states, and also to the orientation of aid programming in the direction […]
• Critical Assess Trade Relations between the US and EU To assess some of the proposed measures to further develop the trade relations between the EU and the US To find out the existing policies that govern the bilateral trade relations between the US and […]
• Malta: Role in the EU In this case, the paper will analyze the concept of World Center for New Thinking is deemed to be the major Malta’s contribution to EU as well as the entire world.
• Can Britain’s Political System Continue Mostly Unchanged Given Its European Union Membership? In 1970, Britain joined the European Union and the question that now arises is whether the British government will have to change its mode of governance in order to fulfill the demands of the European […]
• The European Union and Mercosur The exponents of the liberal intergovernmentalism theories put emphasis on pressures of the internal interests of the member states and their impact on the processes in the international unity, considering the member states as the […]
• Global Economics and European Union The euro is the official currency of the member states of the European Union. It should be noted that the euro is not the official currency of all the member states within the euro zone.
• Turkey’s Bid for EU Membership It will be imperative to know what the most influential forces in Turkey think about EU integration so as to determine whether or not the accession process is likely to remain a priority to the […]
• Turkey-European Union Relations The bid for Turkey to join the European Union has been considered as one of the most controversial in the history of the European Union.
• Theoretical Analysis: Two-level Game within the United States and the European Union Relations Smith suggests analyzing the current tension of the US-EU relations from the position of world order: the role of leadership, the distribution of power, the development of institutions and the articulation of ideas and values […]
• The Enlargement of the European Union In this regard, the Union has also revised funding for candidates in form of pre-accession assistance to 14110 million euros, which is to be utilized between 2014 and 2020.
• European Union and Greece Crisis In actual fact, the same reasons that initially led to the formation of the European Union were the same ones that spearheaded the formation of the economic union.
• Turkey’s Application for the Membership in the EU The focus of this research is the attitude of the Turkish society towards the possible Turkey-EU union. The purpose of study is to detect the tendencies in the Turkish public opinion about the countries membership […]
• EU Financial Crisis: Risk Management Failures This is for example over- dependence on: the capability of managers to create returns.the merits of financial innovation in efficiently spreading returns and risks in the market, the sufficiency of data and models used for […]
• Meaning of European Union to a European Businessman Thus, as the market conditions become tight and tighter, only the best in the market will survive; the rest of the organizations will be compelled to close down.
• Importance of an EU Regional Policy In the Treaty of Rome signed in 1957, the goal of the EU regional policy was aimed at strengthening the economic units of the community as well as ensuring their harmonic development according to Steinen.
• Effect of Turkey’s Integration into The EU on the Migration Policies Similar restrictions are expected to be imposed to the country upon entry into the EU to avoid destabilization of the EU and to help the EU and Turkey in adapting to the conditions.
• EU Crisis its Consequences and Possible Solutions The Europe finance ministers had to approve a rescue package and eurozone leaders had to come in also by agreeing to another package of money to prevent the collapse of the European economy. Another impact […]
• Eurozone Financial Crisis Henceforth, an analysis is drawn of the causes of crisis in the Eurozone. In addition, the effect of this Eurozone crisis did spread to other countries.
• Is TV Advertising Dying as Mass Media in the EU? The paper will serve to disambiguate the confusion that exists concerning the dynamics of TV and the Internet advertising because currently, some reports propagate the idea that despite the exponential rise in the popularity of […]
• Tobacco Industry Advertising in the EU This paper will endeavor to provide an informative image of the situation with tobacco advertising and sponsorships in the EU considering the legal obligation of EU member states to implement the Directive 2003/33/EC, which effectively […]
• The Formation of the European Union The advantages of the formation of the EU include the use of single currency in markets and the prevention of wars.
• Why Is the UK’s Relationship With the Rest of the EU So Difficult? This paper will set out to discuss the major reasons for the difficult relationship between the UK and the rest of the EU.
• Why is Turkey still not a member of the EU For this reasons, most of the countries in the European continent have been aspiring to join the EU and gain the benefits attached to EU membership.
• An In-Depth Analysis of the Wines and Spirits Markets in the EU A trade analysis of the wine and spirit market from the perspective of the European Union. The alcoholic and beer varieties in the EU comprise of the Wine, Beer and Spirits.
• EU Trade and Sustainable Development These unsustainable trends were termed as the main cause of change in climate and for this reason; there was need for drastic measures to combat climate change.
• Free Movement of Workers after the EU Enlargement The free movement of workers is a fundamental feature of the EU’s internal market and is defined in the treaty of the European Community.
• Leadership Crisis in European Union According to opinion of the majority, lack of a common political institution that will enforce use of a common currency has by far and large, contributed to the crisis.
• EU Competition Policy and Its Impact The policy is facilitated by European Court of Justice and Directorate-General for Competition which is the part of the European Commission.
• Risks and Benefits of Greater EU Integration for International Business The economic integration of the European countries into the European Union contributed to the expansion of trade in the region. The elimination of the many national currencies of the EU member states and the adoption […]
• Crisis Management: Toyota Company and EU Crisis is subject to a domain of several variables particularly in international business which include; the features of the event, the significance to both parties, the magnitude of the impact on both parties and the […]
• European Union as an Actor in International Political Economy In the drafting of the constitutional treaty, that charter was included and in addition to that, a declaration of the acquisition of the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Union.
• G20 and G2 unions versus European Union The resultant of this is that the accomplishments by the G20 and the G2 are more than the ones brought by the European Union.
• European Union Emissions Trade Scheme After the first initial period, there have been amendments proposed by the European Commissions to the Emissions Trading Directive, the body responsible for the implementation of the Scheme.
• Turkish accession to the European Union The literature review that will contain written literature that will discuss the history of Turkey and the European Union and how Turkey came to be interested in the European Union as well as literature pertaining […]
• The United Kingdom and the European Union The UK government has also failed to agree with other states on various issues which are important to the future of the EU.
• Political and Economic Consequences of EU Enlargement The reform policies of the new nations centred on improving the business cycles of the economy, macroeconomic balance, the development of labour markets and the measure and means of privatization.
• Financial Implications of UK Leaving the EU However, an attempt by the UK to withdraw its membership from the union has negative financial effects to the UK and businesses within the UK.
• Political Economy of Poland and the European Union The paper discusses the political economy of Poland in the context of the European Union; it also looks into significant economic policies that are pursued by the country in relation to its membership in the […]
• Regional Integration: France and the EU Although regional integration’s aim is to improve the economic status of the countries in the EU union, not all the participants achieve the same benefits.
• Kathleen McNamara’s “Constructing Authority in the European Union” It is important to note that, there is no reliable and scholarly authority that supports McNamara’s argument and this implies that, the article “constructing authority in the European Union” is merely a personal opinion of […]
• The Politics and Economics of the European Union The authors states in the book that there are four main political institutions in the European Union are the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the European Council and the European Parliament.
• The European Union as an Intergovernmental Organization The apparent strong position of the Euro has persuaded critics of the union like the United Kingdom to soften their stances and view the benefits of the European Union with less skepticism.
• Prospects for Agricultural Markets and Incomes in the European Union: 2010-2020
• Principal Problems Facing the European Union
• Price Convergence and the Readiness of the Czech Economy for Accession to the European Union
• Evaluate the Impact of Two Policies of the European Union on UK Business Organizations
• Climate Change and the European Union’s Leadership Moment: An Inconvenient Truth
• Action and Attitudes Matter: International Public Opinion Towards the European Union
• China, the European Union, and the Fragile World Order
• Can the European Union Survive
• Agricultural Science Research Impact in the Eastern European Union Member States
• Challenges and Prospects for Setting-up a European Union Shared System on Credit
• Big Data, Privacy, and Information Security In the European Union
• Admitting Turkey Into the European Union
• Business Law ADR and European Union Law
• China’s Monetary Sterilization and it’s Economical Relationship With the European Union
• Better Safe Than Sorry – Individual Risk-Free Pension Schemes in the European Union
• Administrative and Legal Forms of Interference by the European Regulators in the Financial Market of the EU
• Brexit: Between the European Union Deficiency and the Rise of Euro-Skepticism in the United Kingdom
• Bank Efficiency, Market Concentration, and Economic Growth in the European Union
• Public Investment and Discounting in European Union Member States
• Can Human Rights Conditionality Reduce Repression? Examining the EU’s Economic Agreements
• Britain’s Relationship With the European Union in 2013
• Bank Productivity Growth and Convergence in the EU During the Financial Crisis
• Business Cycle Coherence and OCA Endogeneity Testing During the Integration Period in the EU
• Reducing CO2 From Cars in the European Union: Emission Standards or Emission Trading
• R&D Intensive Goods Trade and Competitiveness of Turkey in the European Union Market
• Bank Performance and Convergence During the Financial Crisis: Evidence From the ‘Old’ EU and Eurozone
• Accounting for Carbon Emission Allowances in the European Union: In Search of Consistency
• Changing Labour Market Flexibility in the European Union
• Cities and Their Place in the European Union Urban Policy
• Achieving Air Quality Standards in the European Union
• Banana Trade Between the European Union and The Eastern
• British Airways; The Impact of Deregulation in the European Union
• Actorness Beyond the European Union: Comparing the International Trade Actorness of SADC and ECOWAS
• Border Carbon Adjustment and Trade Retaliation: What Would Be the Cost for the EU
• CIS Countries’ Interests Vis-A-Vis the European Union and Its Eastern Policy
• Causality Between Exports, Productivity, and Financial Support in European Union Agriculture
• Age-Training Gaps Across the European Union: How and Why They Vary Across Member States
• Child Poverty and Material Deprivation in the European Union During the Great Recession
• Reasons for The United Kingdom Exit European Union
• Price Transmission Along the Food Supply Chain in the European Union
• Does the Franco-German Couple Lead European Union Economics?
• Does the European Union Have a Good Economy?
• Have European Union Policies Helped the Developing Countries to Develop More?
• How Does the European Union Help Poorer Countries?
• When Did the UK Leave the European Union?
• What Are Current Issues in the European Union?
• What Are the Criticisms of the European Union?
• Which Is the Most Prominent Problem in the European Union?
• What Type of Challenges Does the European Union Face in 2022?
• Why Is the European Union Regarded as an Imperfect Economic Union?
• How Did the Collapse of Communism Affect the European Union?
• Has the European Union Been a Success?
• How Does the European Union Help the Economy?
• How Does Europe Maintain the European Union?
• Which Country Left the European Union Recently?
• Why Is the European Union Concerned About Pollution?
• What Is the Main Reason Countries Want to Join the European Union?
• What Are the Objectives of the European Union?
• What Are the Disadvantages of Joining the European Union?
• What Are Four European Countries That Are Not Members of the European Union?
• What Are the Principles of the European Union?
• What Are the Major Areas of Influence of the European Union?
• Is the European Union Democratic?
• What Are the Positives and Negatives of the European Union?
• How Does the European Union Affect the World?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 28). 226 European Union Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/european-union-essay-topics/

"226 European Union Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 28 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/european-union-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '226 European Union Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 28 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "226 European Union Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 28, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/european-union-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "226 European Union Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 28, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/european-union-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "226 European Union Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 28, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/european-union-essay-topics/.

• European History Essay Titles
• Brexit Questions
• Environmental Protection Titles
• Freedom Topics
• Greenhouse Gases Research Ideas
• International Politics Questions
• Freedom of Speech Ideas
• Illegal Immigration Topics
• NATO Topics
• Social Democracy Essay Titles
• World Trade Organization Questions
• Freedom Of Expression Questions
• Human Development Research Ideas
• Democracy Titles
• Modern History Topics

75 European Union Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on european union, ✍️ european union essay topics for college, 👍 good european union research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting european union research titles.

• “Brexit” Essay Example
• Spain and the European Union
• Free and Fair Trade: Vietnam-EU Partnership
• The European Union’s Security Issues
• EU Intellectual Property Legislation
• European Union and Europe Expansion
• Intermodal Transportation in the US and the EU
• Ireland and the European Union Applying for EU membership Ireland pursued first of all its own financial, economic, and political interests, but was also ready to support reasonable European Union initiatives.
• Turkey’s Customs Union with European Union Turkey’s customs union with European Union is one of the unique economic trade agreements which creates unparalleled levels of asymmetric trade and misalignment of incentives.
• German Leadership in the European Union Germany has gained a natural leadership position in the European Union’s economic and monetary policy during the past ten years.
• Data Privacy Regulations in the European Union With the ability to store, find and share information all around the world, protecting both personal and organizational data from ending up in the wrong hands has become crucial.
• Austria’s Entry into European Union Analysis This paper analyzes the case of Austria as a model, to understand whether entry of neutral countries into E.U entail rejection of her neutrality.
• Comparison of NAFTA and European Union European Union is a complex and multilevel governance system. Members of the European Union pool their overall sovereignties in a wide spectrum of policy areas.
• Brexit Implications for the European Union and the United Kingdom’s Economy This research suggests that Brexit negatively impacted the British economy more than the EU. Compared to the UK, the European Union has more benefits.
• Entering the EU and Chinese Market A company can expand into a developed industrialized region like the EU and a developing economy like China. Both markets offer big buying and development potential.
• The European Debt Crisis and the EU Erosion The European debt crisis showed that the presence of a single currency negatively affects the countries’ ability to respond to problematic situations.
• The European Union Facing Global Crisis The European Union is going through a crisis in many areas and needs global changes to bring everything back to normal.
• The United Kingdom Leaving the European Union There are many potential economic benefits for the UK to remain in the European Union, however, they are outweighed by concerns of national sovereignty and authority.
• The European Union’s Foreign Policy The foreign policy of the European Union includes the issues of ensuring peace and security in Europe and on the planet as a whole and preventing and eliminating armed conflicts.
• The Kotka-Hamina City-Region and EU Policy-Making Kotka-Hamina’s experience illustrated that effective spatial planning policies in the European Union could be based on a balance of private and public interest.
• The Implications of the European Union and the Pacific Alliance 2013 The paper has looked at the implications of the EU and the Pacific Alliance, and their impact on a firm’s investment decisions, and international business.
• Brexit: Separating the UK from the European Union Brexit implies “British exit”, and this term is used to name the process of separating the UK from the European Union in the context of economic and political development.
• Corporations and Environment: Pollution Management in the European Union In this essay, the research is about the pollution management regulations in the European Union with comparison to the other countries in the world.
• The Concept of Fairness in the EU Competition Law A critical review of Dunne’s article on the concept of fairness in the EU competition law under current market conditions was provided.
• Ethical and Legal Regulation of Human Tissues and Stem Cells Research in the European Union Major advances in biological sciences have yielded new ways of tackling various environmental and health problems.
• Cross-Border Businesses in the EU and Harmonized Laws European Union has its own sets of rules directing businessmen doing business in this region. This paper will focus on, why a businessperson should pay special attention to EU regulations.
• Corporate Law in the EU: The Right of Establishment The ECJ is a powerful tool that defines corporate law in the EU; an array of repercussions followed the ECJ judgments on Inspire Arts, Centros, Uberseering, and Cartesio.
• Cybercrime Legislation in the UAE, the US and the EU Cyber and computer crime definitions were developed after the enhancement of technology, and they improved after years of making proposals.
• The Convention for Safeguarding the Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom of the EU Citizens The convention for safeguarding the Human rights and fundamental freedom of the EU citizens were drawn up by the European Council on November 4th, 1950, and enforced in 1953.
• Turkey and the EU: Costs and Benefits This paper overviews how Turkey applied for membership in the EU, the living standards, religious aspects, immigration issues, and political and economic aspects in the EU.
• The EU Global Strategy for a Shared EU Security Policy Document showed the shift in the EU’s stance towards local and international interests, placing the EU in the context of several crises and arguing for more substantial hard power.
• UK Interests in EU-India Free Trade Agreement To dispel dogmas created by the critics, the United Kingdom decided to state its interest in the ongoing FTA negotiations.
• EU and Institutional Frameworks This paper seeks to overview and determine policy making of EU institutions and role played inpromoting closer integration.
• Can the EU Reduce Immigration Into Europe? European countries have always been attractive to immigrants. The main principle of the EU is to eliminate any borders to make trade and cooperation much easier.
• Should Turkey Enter European Union? There have been debates of whether Turkey should be acceded into the EU. It is one of the nations that have applied for inclusion although it has been receiving accusations.
• EU Requirement of Common Foreign and Military Policy This paper discusses the need for a common foreign and military policy for the EU. The European Union is at the forefront in asserting itself to play a role in world affairs.
• Political Obstacles of The European Union The formation of the European Union is considered a remarkable achievement that has far-reaching consequences in world politics, economy, and balance of global power.
• The EU-Moldova International Relations A stronger relationship between the EU and Moldova replaced the “outdated Partnership and Cooperation Agreement”. In addition, the EU liberalized trade with Moldova.
• European Union and Its Effect Upon Cornish Businesses This report reveals the European Union rules and regulations of trade and business between the memders and the problem of interaction with the UK’s Regulatory Impact Assessment.
• European Union and Religion The role of religion in European integration is highly sensitive and very important because it deals with unique values and beliefs shared and valued by millions of people.
• Economic Benefits of Gender Equality in the European Union Gender inequality is a highly complex and extensive social issue which is prevalent in every layer of society and industry.
• European Union Mediation Directive for Conflict Resolution The study will attempt to explicitly review the implementation of European Union mediation as a means for conflict resolution and its effectiveness across the borders of Europe.
• Global Political Economy: World Trade Organization, World Bank, and European Union This essay on global political economy will present answers to the attached questions. The answer to the first question will illuminate the exact functions of World Trade Organization.
• Ukraine Should Not Join the European Union The debate over Ukraine joining the European Union has had many opponents as well as supporters. It has been discussed both among the Ukrainian citizens and European community.
• The European Union’s Preference of Soft Power The EU prefers using soft power mechanisms because it is aware that its economic, social, cultural and other standards and development are attractive to other nations and regions.
• United Kingdom Membership in the European Union In the paper, the researchers will critically analyze factors that support the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union.
• Reduced Migration to the EU: Aid for Turkey and Africa The relationships between European states were characterized by unrelievable tension due to the growing uncertainty as to how to handle the refugees.
• The European Union’s Automotive Industry Policy The paper explores the EU automotive industry policy that is concerned with two primary aims: promoting economic growth and ensuring safety and sustainability.
• Gender Mainstreaming of European Union Institutions Gender mainstreaming policy ensures that women and men are represented during design, implementation, and evaluation of all policies of European Union institutions.
• The European Union’s Role in the Middle East Peace One of the aspects of today’s geopolitical reality is the fact that the scope of the EU’s activities in the Middle East assumes qualitatively new subtleties.
• The United Kingdom Leaving the European Union The paper identifies and describes the impacts of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union to its economy, political positions, and international relations.
• EU Regulations of Merger between EU and Chinese Companies While examining mergers and acquisitions, European regulators pay close attention to the risk of dominance. Much attention is paid to restrictive practices and monopolistic behavior.
• Globalization and Citizenship in EU The strategies and goals of integration are developed by the EU Committees but they do not reflect goals and needs of the nation-stats.
• Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
• European Union and Japan: Political Economy of Free Trade Agreement
• Citizen Satisfaction With Democracy in the European Union
• European Union and Common Currency Euro: Advantage or Disadvantage
• Coalition Formation and Voting in the Council of the European Union
• European Union and Sustainable Development Assessment in the Business Sector
• Competition Policy and European Union Law
• European Union and the Challenges of Globalization
• Cultural Dimensions and Work Motivation in the European Union
• European Union: Dissecting Its Pros and Cons
• British Exit From the European Union
• Development and Further Enlargement of European Union
• European Union and Disunion: Reflections on European Identity
• Cis Countries’ Interests Vis-a-Vis the European Union and Its Eastern Policy
• European Union Can Guarantee to Spain a Better Future
• Can the European Union Be Considered as a Compensator for Serbian Nationalism?
• European Union and Turkey’s Barriers To Full Membership
• Competition and Intellectual Property in the European Union
• European Union and the Promotion of Economic and Social Progress
• Britain’s Ambivalence With the European Union
• European Integration and the European Union Enlargement
• Enlarging the European Union and Who Benefits

Cite this post

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2022, January 28). 75 European Union Essay Topics. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/european-union-essay-topics/

"75 European Union Essay Topics." StudyCorgi , 28 Jan. 2022, studycorgi.com/ideas/european-union-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2022) '75 European Union Essay Topics'. 28 January.

1. StudyCorgi . "75 European Union Essay Topics." January 28, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/european-union-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "75 European Union Essay Topics." January 28, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/european-union-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2022. "75 European Union Essay Topics." January 28, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/european-union-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on European Union were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on December 28, 2023 .

• Law Library

European Union Research: A Beginner's Guide

• Overview of the EU

Overview of the European Union

Organizational structure, types of documents.

• EU Treaties
• Legislation in Force
• COM Docs, Council Docs, and Parliament
• Secondary Sources

Other Research Guides

• GlobaLex Guide to Understanding European Union Legal Materials An excellent, current starting point for researching European Union materials.
• GlobaLex Guide to European Union- Tracing Working Documents A guide to getting through the working documents (“travaux préparatoires”) of the EU institutions.
• European Union Law: An Integrated Guide to Electronic and Print Research The research guide has a particularly clear overview of the history of the EU and the legislative process.
• European Union Legal Materials: A Guide for Infrequent Users This is an excellent comprehensive guide to the major legal institutions of the EU, what types of materials they produce, and how the researcher can find those materials. The author analogizes the EU’s legal processes to those in the United States.

Useful Links

• Europa Europa is the European Union Gateway site and virtually all of the other official EU sites are linked together through this portal. It is an excellent place to get a broad overview of the EU as well as more specific information on the various activities
• Topics of the European Union Summarizes EU legislation based on subject matter. It provides citations and some full-text documents to EU law.
• EU Press Corner Searchable database of press releases from 1974 onwards, which often include links to official documents.

The European Union (EU) is a supranational organization made up of 27 European member states that have chosen to cooperate in developing various social, political, and economic policies.† Although the EU in its current incarnation was officially established in 1993 with the Treaty of Maastricht, its seeds were planted in 1953 when the European Coal and Steel Community, consisting of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, was created for the purpose of regulating certain industries. Over time, as more countries joined and priorities shifted, the EU developed as the organizational structure for broader European integration. It is currently composed of two separate but intertwined communities: the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the European Economic Community (EEC). 

Headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, the EU currently has a population of close to half a billion and an economy approximately the size of that of the United States. Its member states, in order of accession, include: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, and Romania, and Croatia. As of this writing, several countries are pursuing membership, although no timetable has yet been set.

† As of this writing, Switzerland and Norway are not EU members.

The EU is made up of multiple bodies and institutions. The most important are listed below, along with a summary of their functions

• European Commission The European Commission acts as the executive of the European Union, and it is the only body that may propose new legislation. The Commission is made up of 28 commissioners, one from each member state. Each one is appointed in consultation with the member states and Parliament, although the Commission’s purpose is to represent the European perspective as a whole, rather than the perspectives of individual member states. A new Commission is appointed every five years. The Commission is divided into departments, each of which is responsible for proposing new legislation and policies in a given area. The Commission also plays a major role in implementing and enforcing EU directives and regulations and it represents the EU in international negotiations.
• Council of the European Union The Council of the European Union, also known as the Council of Ministers, is the main legislative body of the EU, along with the Parliament. It is made up of 28 “ministers,” one from each member state, who are assigned specific issue areas. Its chief responsibilities include passing laws (often, but not always, in conjunction with Parliament), coordinating economic, foreign, and criminal justice policy, and making treaties. Member states with larger populations receive more votes, but most decisions require assent by qualified majority voting, which requires not only assent by a majority of member states but also a minimum of 260 (out of a total 352) votes, though some require unanimity.
• European Parliament The European Parliament originally had a mostly advisory role in the EU; however, with the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993, it became an important legislating partner to the Council. The Parliament is currently made up of 785 members, elected directly by the population of the member states once every five years. Its major functions are to pass laws in conjunction with the Council and adopt or reject the EU budget. Parliament does not initiate legislation, but it may ask the European Commission to do so. Parliament is also responsible for holding the Commission politically accountable, and members of Parliament may question Commissioners regarding various policies. Parliament also has the power to dismiss the Commission by adopting a motion of censure.
• European Court of Justice The European Court of Justice is the major judicial body of the EU. It is made up of 28 judges, each one appointed by a member state in consultation with the other member states for six-year terms. For convenience, cases are typically decided by smaller chambers of judges, and the Court is assisted by advocates-general who present the issues of law in the case. The ECJ decides cases arising from EU law including, but not limited to, disputes about interpretation and application of treaties and/or failure to implement EU legislation. It may decide cases arising between member states, EU institutions, businesses, and individuals, and its decisions are binding.
• European General Court (formerly Court of First Instance) The European General Court is the lower court to the ECJ. (Prior to the Lisbon Treaty coming into force on Dec. 1, 2009, the court was called the Court of First Instance.) It was created with limited jurisdiction in 1989, but in 2001, its jurisdiction was expanded to cover most issues that can be decided by the ECJ. However, the Court of First Instance does not decide cases brought by the member states. The Court’s decisions are subject to appeal to the ECJ, and like the ECJ, it is made up of at least 28 judges (at least on per member state), each one selected by a member state.
• European Central Bank The European Central Bank is charged with setting and implementing monetary policy and is responsible for issuing the Euro.

Because of its complex and unique structure, the EU produces a vast number of documents that fulfill differing roles in its executive, legislative, and judicial processes.  Understanding what the main types of documents are can greatly aid the researcher both in locating specific documents and in figuring out where other relevant documents might be stored.

• Treaties :  The legal basis for the EU has been laid out in a series of treaties.  These are considered “primary” legislation in EU parlance. The founding treaties specify the various obligations of member states as part of the EU and its various predecessor organizations.  The accession treaties admit new nations to the EU.  All EU legislation and procedures are ultimately governed by treaties.
• Regulations: These are the most analogous to what we normally think of as “laws.”  They are binding on all member states.
• Directives: These are binding only in terms of the results that are to be achieved.  They are addressed to individual member states, which are free to choose the best forms and methods of implementation.
• Decisions: These are binding upon those to whom they are addressed, which may be member states, companies, or individuals.
• Recommendations and Opinions: These are not binding and need not be initiated by the Commission.
• Implementing Legislation :  This is the legislation in individual countries implementing directives from the EU.
• Judgments : Judgments are simply the decisions issued by the courts in the EU system.  Researchers will most often be looking for European Court of Justice Decisions. 
• COM documents :  COM documents represent the various types of documents issued by the European Commission.  They may include proposals for legislation, working papers, communications with other bodies, and reports such as “green papers” and “white papers.”  Green papers are discussion papers on specific policy areas and may act as an impetus for later legislation.  They are often addressed to interested organizations or individuals who are invited to participate in consultation and debate. White papers are proposals for Commission action in certain areas; they usually follow green papers on the particular topic.
• Council documents :  These are documents produced by the Council of Ministers, such as the Common Position, which identifies the Council’s position on amendments to legislation proposed by Parliament.
• Parliamentary Committee Reports :  In the course of legislating, various Parliamentary committees often issue reports describing policy and other considerations up for discussion.
• Parliamentary Debates :  Most legislation is debated on the Parliament floor, and transcripts of these debates may be valuable to legal researchers.

Note that these are only some of the documents that are produced by the various institutions of the EU.  The EU is a large and complicated network of various bodies, institutions, and committees, each of which produces a plethora of documents such as working papers, policy statements, etc.  However, those listed above are the most likely to come up in researching a given issue. 

• Next: EU Treaties >>
• Last Updated: Nov 14, 2023 11:40 AM
• URL: https://libguides.law.ucla.edu/europeanunion

© The Regents of the University of California. UCLA School of Law. All Rights Reserved.

All Research Articles

• ERASMUS+ Project
• Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
• Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
• Horizon 2020
• Horizon Europe Framework Programme
• digital-water.city has received funding from the European’s Union H2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 820954.
• DFG (German Research Society)
• Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
• Russian Science Foundation
• DARE UK PRiAM project
• Fondation du Risque and Chaire Prevent’Horizon (Paris, France)
• Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of the Basque government
• Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
• This work has been supported by the Austrian COMET-K2 programme of the Linz Center of Mechatronics (LCM).
• Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
• UK Science and Technology Facilities Council
• Norges Forskningsråd
• Agence Nationale de la Recherche
• National Science Foundation
• Natural Environment Research Council

Research and innovation paper series

Working papers, policy briefs and literature reviews produced by the Commission's research and innovation department

What kind of publications are included

This collection encompasses the evidence-based analytical papers of the Commission's research and innovation department, including in collaboration with other Commission departments.

Publications fall into 3 categories

• working papers - analytical reports to underpin research and innovation policymaking by the Commission
• policy briefs - short notes to inform discussions on research and innovation policy and stimulate debate
• quarterly research and innovation literature reviews - brief summaries of recent publications on economics and research and innovation policy.

Working papers

• Working document
• 15 March 2024
• Directorate-General for Research and Innovation

WP 2024/02 - This report proposes a framework aiming to assess the use of directionality in national R&I systems across the EU and beyond. It adopts a dual approach: a macro perspective using publicly available datasets, and a micro-level approach focusing on specific programmes.

• 6 February 2024

WP 2024/01 - This paper explores the European Framework Programme (FP) for Research and Innovation's (R&I) evolution over the last two decades, focusing on its integration of Transformative Innovation Policy (TIP) elements.

• 23 November 2023

WP 2023/08 - This paper evaluates the causal impact of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation on financial firm-level outcomes using a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach.

• 21 November 2023

WP 2023/07 - This paper argues that portfolio theory provides a powerful tool to make research funding decisions. It allows for an informed management decision process, also in the presence of project interdependencies and multiple policy objectives.

• 10 November 2023

WP 2023/06 - This paper assesses the importance of regional research capacities and assets, as well as intrinsic characteristics of the regions in defining success in the European R&I Framework Programme.

• 5 September 2023

WP 2023/05 - The study provides evidence on system methods that can be used in the policy cycle to better address and understand complexity in transformative innovation. It provides concrete recommendations on how to use system-based methods in the R&I policy.

• 13 June 2023

WP 2023/04 - This paper provides new insights into the role of Artificial Intelligence in scientific research across various domains of science.

• 30 May 2023

WP 2023/03 - This paper studies the relationship between knowledge complexity and countries' technological dependency, with a focus on the EU's position vis-à-vis other major economies.

Policy briefs and papers

• 20 March 2024

This paper details why investing in research and innovation is crucial for a competitive, sustainable, and fair Europe.

• 11 October 2023

This study assesses the evolution of the European R&I Framework Programme, focusing on its integration of transformative innovation policy (TIP) to tackle societal challenges and foster deep societal transformation.

This study explores how the public sector case support experimentation for transformative innovation. It provides a set of  recommendations on how to further support policy experimentation.

• 11 February 2022

An analysis on whether EU missions will be crucial instruments to deliver the paradigm shift that this Commission has set out to achieve

Literature review

• 11 July 2023

Issue 2023/Q2 – This edition provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI applications in research and innovation, ranging from opportunities and risks, to challenges.

• 18 May 2023

Issue 2023/Q1 – This edition covers recent empirical evidence on the impact of R&I tax incentives on a wide set of firm level outcomes, spillover effects and cross-border effects.

• 8 March 2023

Issue 2022/Q4 – This edition covers recent empirical evidence on the impact of EU innovation policies and instruments on a wide set of economic and scientific outcomes.

• 15 December 2022

Issue 2022/Q3 – This edition covers recent empirical evidence and theoretical reflections on market concentration and R&I, investigating the current trend of rising market concentration, highlighting the main drivers and consequences for innovation outputs.

• 13 September 2022

Issue 2022/Q2 – This edition covers recent empirical evidence and theoretical reflections on the financing of innovation, with a particular focus on the financing of green innovation.

• 26 April 2022

Issue 2022/Q1 – This edition covers the implications of globalization, technological sovereignty and geopolitical tension for research and innovation

• 1 February 2022

Issue 2021/Q4 – This edition covers recent empirical evidence on the role of technological change in transforming society

• 27 October 2021

Issue 2021/Q3 – This edition covers recent empirical evidence on the role of education for R&I and how COVID-19 affected the human capital supply

• 17 August 2021

Issue 2021/Q2 – This edition covers papers that focus on the role of research and innovation in the green transition

• 10 May 2021

Issue 2021/Q1 – This edition focuses on the research and innovation response in times of crisis, and specific digital issues related to R&I

• 8 February 2021

This year´s Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum focused on the COVID-19, the importance of global collaboration and the need to rebuild trust

• 8 January 2021

Issue 2020/Q4 – This edition links businesses to research and innovation, with a focus on how R&I performance enhances productivity

• 8 October 2020

Issue 2020/Q3 - The role, dynamics and policies of R&I investments in times of crisis and recovery, as drivers of prosperity, sustainability and wellbeing

• 2 July 2020

Issue 2020/Q2 - This issue looks at the role of research and iinovation in the context of the COVID-19 crisis

• 1 April 2020

Issue 2020/Q1 - This issue provides several insights on sustainability.

Share this page

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

• View all journals
• Explore content
• About the journal
• Publish with us
• Sign up for alerts
• 22 May 2019

What Europe is getting right about research

You have full access to this article via your institution.

Elections for the European parliament will take place in May. Credit: Frederick Florin/AFP/Getty

This week, the European Union is holding parliamentary elections — as it does every five years — and researchers are paying close attention. With the United Kingdom still scheduled to leave the bloc, and with populist and nationalist sentiment growing in many nations, there’s a sense that the integration on which the EU has thrived for decades might be on the wane. Last month, the European Geosciences Union held a special session at its general assembly in Vienna to air concerns on the topic, and issued a declaration that “threats to a united Europe are threats to scientific research”.

It’s right. The value of an integrated EU for science hasn’t been lauded enough. The unique economic and political union built from the rubble of Europe after the Second World War has created an increasingly peaceful and prosperous continent, and has spun a precious web of research collaborations among its member states and beyond. No other group of countries collaborates at such a scale. That’s why, in a special issue this week, Nature is looking beyond Brexit to the future of research in Europe.

Convinced that research is the bedrock of economic and social progress, EU member states have committed an increasingly larger share of their central budget to it. The EU’s framework programme for research and innovation has grown from 4% of its annual budget a decade ago to 8% now, and totals €74.8 billion (US$83.5 billion) for 2014–20 alone. Although this represents only around one-tenth of individual EU member states’ public research and development spending, the framework programme has set up the highly competitive European Research Council (ERC) and has incorporated a widely admired system of cross-border research projects and training fellowships, enabled by the close harmony of the EU’s single market. The research programmes have been powerful forces for European integration: it’s now taken for granted that scientists should be able to live and work anywhere they want in the bloc.

The EU earmarks extra funds — €44 billion — to help poorer nations to build up their research infrastructure; these funds have been particularly valuable to the formerly communist Eastern European nations that have joined the bloc since 2004. This geographic diversity breeds stronger research. And EU member states, recognizing that they are more powerful together than apart, have crafted world-leading policies on environmental standards — including climate change, chemical regulation and plastics pollution. They are also setting new, exemplary standards for data protection (in the form of general data-protection regulation) and open science that will influence much of the rest of the world.

So what does the future hold? Although Europe’s relative share of global science and research spending is shrinking (as China’s expands), its research remains highly cited and influential . One possible cloud is growing inequality in European science: since the global financial crisis of 2008, countries such as Spain haven’t recovered their former levels of research spending and number of scientists. Some of the newer EU member states seem unwilling to make large domestic investments in research, which could put them at risk of falling further behind.

The EU is now planning its next budget and big framework programme, called Horizon Europe , set to run from 2021 to 2027 — which a new parliament and commission will continue hammering out later this year . Concerns that this parliament might be less research friendly should be tempered: some parliamentarians have been much more committed than national science ministers in EU member states to the task of supporting European science. And although the increased desire for innovation and translation in Horizon Europe is laudable, it must remain grounded. There is no innovation without fundamental research, and so the parties involved in budget negotiation should give a more generous increase to the ERC, which has to reject too many good projects because of limited funds.

It is clear which lessons the new parliament — and others interested in furthering global research — should take from EU history. Rigorous research is essential for addressing societal and environmental challenges. Producing it requires collaboration, long-term planning and stability, and holding fast to those strengths against populism, nationalism or any other forces that threaten to drive countries apart. The future parliament should champion this — and individual researchers can, too. They should simply tell others how the EU is fundamental to their work.

Nature 569 , 455 (2019)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01561-4

Reprints and permissions

Related Articles

Science in Europe: by the numbers

NIH pay rise for postdocs and PhD students could have US ripple effect

News 25 APR 24

Canadian science gets biggest boost to PhD and postdoc pay in 20 years

News 17 APR 24

How India can become a science powerhouse

Editorial 16 APR 24

US COVID-origins hearing puts scientific journals in the hot seat

News 16 APR 24

Berlin (DE)

Springer Nature Group

ECUST Seeking Global Talents

Join Us and Create a Bright Future Together!

Shanghai, China

East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)

Position Recruitment of Guangzhou Medical University

Seeking talents around the world.

Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Guangzhou Medical University

Junior Group Leader

The Imagine Institute is a leading European research centre dedicated to genetic diseases, with the primary objective to better understand and trea...

Paris, Ile-de-France (FR)

Imagine Institute

Director of the Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute of Palacký University Olomouc

The Rector of Palacký University Olomouc announces a Call for the Position of Director of the Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute of P...

Czech Republic (CZ)

Palacký University Olomouc

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies

An Evaluation of Protected Area Policies in the European Union

The European Union designates 26% of its landmass as a protected area, limiting economic development to favor biodiversity. This paper uses the staggered introduction of protected-area policies between 1985 and 2020 to study the selection of land for protection and the causal effect of protection on vegetation cover and nightlights. Our results reveal protection did not affect the outcomes in any meaningful way across four decades, all countries, protection cohorts, and a wide range of land and climate attributes. We conclude that European conservation efforts lack ambition because policymakers select land for protection not threatened by development.

We thank Adam Streff and Danial Syed for excellent research assistance. Thanks to seminar participants at the AERE 2023 Summer Conference, EAERE 2013 Summer Conference, Georgia Tech, Imperial College London, LSE/Imperial/King’s Workshop in Environmental Economics, Toulouse School of Economics, University of Bristol, University of California at Berkeley, University of Gothenburg, University of Mannheim, University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank Robin Burgess, Eli Fenichel, Alex Pfaff, Andrew Plantinga, Santiago Saavedra, Ulrich Wagner, and Matthew Wibbenmeyer for helpful comments and suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from FORMAS grant number 2020-00371. Reynaert acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC, SPACETIME, grant n° 101077168). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Reynaert acknowledges funding from ANR under grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d’Avenir program). van Benthem thanks Penn Global, the Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, the Mack Institute, and Analytics and Wharton for generous support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

MARC RIS BibTeΧ

Download Citation Data

Actions by topic

Video gallery.

Share this page

European Politics and Society

European Politics and Society Research Paper Topics:

• The impact of Brexit on the European Union
• The rise of far-right and populist movements in Europe
• The European Union’s response to the refugee crisis
• The relationship between the European Union and NATO
• The impact of the Eurozone crisis on the European Union
• The role of the European Court of Justice in the European Union
• The challenges of democratic consolidation in post-communist Europe
• The impact of climate change on European politics and society
• The role of social media in European politics
• The impact of the rise of China on European politics and society
• The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on European politics and society
• The relationship between the European Union and Russia
• The role of European political parties in the European Parliament
• The impact of European integration on national sovereignty
• The role of the European Central Bank in the Eurozone crisis
• The impact of the rise of the sharing economy on European politics and society
• The role of the European Council in the European Union
• The impact of immigration on European politics and society
• The relationship between the European Union and the United States
• The challenges of gender equality in European politics and society
• The impact of globalization on European politics and society
• The role of non-governmental organizations in European politics
• The impact of the European Union on Eastern Europe
• The role of the European Parliament in European governance
• The impact of the rise of Euroscepticism on the European Union
• The challenges of environmental policy in the European Union
• The role of the European Investment Bank in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of the gig economy on European politics and society
• The role of the European Commission in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of nationalism on European politics and society
• The challenges of energy policy in the European Union
• The role of the European Ombudsman in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of regionalism on European politics and society
• The role of the European External Action Service in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of digital politics on European society
• The relationship between the European Union and Turkey
• The impact of the European Union on environmental policy
• The role of the European Defence Agency in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of populism on European governance
• The role of the European Union in promoting human rights
• The challenges of social policy in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of social movements on European politics and society
• The role of the European Court of Human Rights in European governance
• The impact of the rise of the far-left on European politics and society
• The relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit
• The role of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of secularism on European politics and society
• The challenges of regional development policy in the European Union
• The role of the European Anti-Fraud Office in the European Union
• The impact of the rise of digital privacy on European politics and society.

European Union and its Institutions

The European Union is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. The EU has several institutions which form the foundation of its governance structure. The European Commission is the executive body of the EU, responsible for proposing and implementing legislation. The European Parliament is the directly elected legislative body of the EU, and is responsible for passing laws, monitoring the work of the Commission, and representing the interests of EU citizens. The Council of the European Union is the main decision-making body of the EU, representing the governments of the member states.

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

Get 10% off with 24start discount code.

The EU has been successful in promoting economic cooperation and integration among its member states, but has faced challenges in recent years. The Eurozone crisis, which began in 2008, led to a period of economic instability and exposed the limitations of the EU’s economic policies. The refugee crisis, which began in 2015, has also tested the EU’s ability to manage migration and asylum policies.

Politics of European Countries

European politics are characterized by a diverse range of political systems and ideologies. In Western Europe, most countries are parliamentary democracies with multi-party systems. In Eastern Europe, the legacy of communism has influenced the political systems of many countries, with some still struggling to consolidate their democracies. The rise of right-wing populism has also been a major trend in European politics in recent years, with parties such as the National Front in France, Alternative for Germany, and the Freedom Party in Austria gaining support.

One major political issue in Europe is the future of the European Union. The Brexit vote in 2016, which saw the UK vote to leave the EU, has created uncertainty about the future of the union. Other countries, such as Italy and Hungary, have also expressed dissatisfaction with the EU, with some calling for reforms to the EU’s governance structure.

Social Issues in Europe

Europe faces a number of major social issues, including immigration, the rise of far-right nationalism, and the impact of globalization on traditional industries. The refugee crisis, which began in 2015, has led to tensions between EU member states and exposed divisions within the EU on the issue of migration. The rise of far-right nationalism has also been a major issue in Europe, with parties such as the National Front in France, Alternative for Germany, and the Freedom Party in Austria gaining support.

Globalization has had a major impact on the economy and society of Europe, with traditional industries such as manufacturing and mining declining in importance. This has led to rising unemployment and social dislocation, particularly in regions that were dependent on these industries.

Europe is a diverse continent with a range of political systems, cultures, and social issues. The European Union has been successful in promoting economic integration, but has faced challenges in recent years with the Eurozone and refugee crises. The rise of far-right nationalism and the impact of globalization on traditional industries are major social issues facing the continent. As Europe continues to grapple with these issues, it will be important to maintain a commitment to democratic values and principles in order to ensure a stable and prosperous future for the continent.

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

• Skip to primary navigation
• Skip to content

Center for European and Transatlantic Studies

Research Topics

The Center’s research strength is in the EU’s external relations.  There are three overlapping areas of particular focus:

Economic governance

• Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Negotiations   (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2014-17)
• European trade policy in interesting times  (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2017-20)
• EU Compliance with International Trade Law  (Economic and Social Research Council)
• The European Union in Global Technology Governance (Jean Monnet Chair 2012-15 and Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2020-23)

Transatlantic relations

• Protecting Privacy: Transatlantic Perspectives and Challenges (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2014-17)
• In Search of a Transatlantic Agora: The EU-US Values Debate and the Quest for Global Leadership
• Learning to be Strategic? Operationalizing the EU’s ‘Strategic Partnership’ Concept with the United States of America  (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2017-20)

The EU as a regional and global actor

• Reporting at the Southern Borders: Journalism and Public Debates on Immigration in the U.S. and the EU
• Triangular Diplomacy: Strategic Implications of a Resurgent Russia for the European Union and the United States (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2014-17 and subsequently)
• European Integration as a Peace Project (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2014-17)
• US and EU Responses to the Rise of China
• Climate Change in the Arctic: EU and North American Media About Melting Ice (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence 2017-20)

The Center also has active programs around two other contemporary issues:

• Terrorism and counterterrorism in Europe

Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Read our research on:

Full Topic List

Regions & Countries

• Publications
• Our Methods
• Short Reads
• Tools & Resources

Read Our Research On:

People broadly view the EU favorably, both in member states and elsewhere

The European Union receives largely favorable ratings globally, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted this spring. Across 24 countries surveyed, a median of 66% give the EU a positive rating, while 29% give it a negative one.

This Pew Research Center analysis explores views of the European Union in 24 countries in North America, Europe, the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. EU favorability is examined through long-term trend data and demographic analysis. Due to the coronavirus pandemic , this is the first year since 2019 that the Center’s Global Attitudes Survey has included countries from Africa and Latin America.

For non-United States data, this analysis draws on nationally representative surveys of 27,285 adults conducted from Feb. 20 to May 22, 2023. All surveys were conducted over the phone with adults in Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Surveys were conducted face-to-face in Argentina, Brazil, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland and South Africa. In Australia, we used a mixed-mode probability-based online panel.

In the U.S., we surveyed 3,576 adults from March 20 to March 26, 2023. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here is the question used for the analysis , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

In the nine EU member states surveyed, a median of 69% have a favorable view of the organization, while 31% have an unfavorable view. Majorities in all but one country – Greece – express a favorable opinion. Views are especially positive in Poland, where nearly nine-in-ten (87%) say they have a positive opinion of the EU.

Outside the bloc of member states, views of the EU are somewhat similar, with a median of 61% across 15 countries giving a positive rating. In each country, larger shares of people have a positive view of the EU than have a negative one. Views are most favorable in South Korea, where roughly eight-in-ten (83%) express a positive opinion of the EU. And in the United States, about six-in-ten (61%) hold a favorable view of the organization.  

In some nonmember countries, sizable shares of people do not offer an opinion on the EU. For example, two-in-ten or more in Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia and South Africa do not share an opinion.

Favorable views of the EU over time

Among member nations, favorable views of the EU have dropped in some places since 2022. This is most evident in Hungary, where favorable views have dropped by 10 percentage points, approaching a historic low after reaching a record high in 2022.

Hungary has clashed with the EU over the last year, particularly on sending EU military aid to Ukraine and imposing sanctions against Russia. On balance, Hungarians prefer decreasing economic sanctions on Russia , and around three-quarters say maintaining access to Russian oil and gas is more important than being tough with Russia on Ukraine, according to recent Center surveys.

In other countries, the decline in favorability reflects a return to levels from before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In the Netherlands, for example, the share of people with a favorable view of the EU has changed from 70% in 2021, to 74% in 2022, to 67% in 2023. Opinions have also become somewhat less positive since 2022 in France (-9 points), Germany (-7) and Sweden (-6).

Among nonmember countries, views of the EU have also become less favorable in Canada and the United States. However, they have become more favorable in some countries, including Israel, where ratings have reached a record high of 59%, up 9 percentage points since last year. (The 2023 survey was conducted before the latest Israel-Hamas war.)

In some countries where the Center has not been able to survey since 2019 due to the coronavirus pandemic , views have become significantly more positive since we last asked this question. In India, Kenya, Mexico and Nigeria, the shares who have favorable views of the EU have increased by 10 or more percentage points since 2019. This increase may be similar to the one we observed in our 2022 survey , fielded during the early stages of Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine.

How views of the EU vary within countries

As observed in previous years, in both member and nonmember countries, people who place themselves on the ideological left often express a more favorable view of the EU than those who place themselves on the right. This difference is most evident in the U.S., where liberals are 37 percentage points more likely than their conservative counterparts to view the EU positively (80% vs. 43%).

A similar pattern exists in Israel, where there is a difference of 36 points between those on the left and those on the right (85% vs. 49% favorable). Eight other countries also have double-digit ideological differences on this question.

Another pattern that has persisted over time is that, in some European countries, supporters of right-wing populist parties are less likely to have a favorable opinion of the EU. For example, in the Netherlands, those who support the right-wing Party for Freedom (PVV) are 22 points less likely than those who don’t support PVV to view the EU positively. Similar patterns exist in France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

And in Hungary, supporters of the right-wing ruling party Fidesz, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orban, are 25 points less likely than those who don’t support Fidesz to have a favorable view of the EU. However, those who support Jobbik, another right-wing party, are more likely to view the EU positively than non-supporters. (For more information on how we classify populist parties, read the Appendix to our report on Hungarian and Polish views of Russia and the U.S. )

Views of the EU also vary by age in some countries. In 10 countries, adults ages 18 to 39 are more likely than those 40 and older to have a favorable view of the EU. For example, in the UK, 81% of those under 40 express a positive opinion of the organization, while 60% of those 40 and older say the same. In Italy, there is a 15-point difference between those under 40 and their older counterparts (79% vs. 64% favorable) on this question.

Note: This is an update of a post originally published on Oct. 13, 2022. Here is the question used for the analysis , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

• European Union
• Global Image of Countries

Sneha Gubbala is a research assistant focusing on global attitudes research at Pew Research Center

How Young Adults Want Their Country To Engage With the World

Many countries in europe get a new government at least every two years, despite recent political clashes, most people in poland and hungary see the eu favorably, how exactly do countries join the eu, prevailing view among americans is that u.s. influence in the world is weakening – and china’s is growing, most popular.

1615 L St. NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 USA (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax (+1) 202-419-4372 |  Media Inquiries

European union should adopt a research-based approach to ensure the quality and safety of substances of human origin

University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management

Nicolat Lacetera is a professor of strategic management at the University of Toronto Mississauga with a cross appointment to the Rotman School of Management. He holds a Ph.D. in Behavioral and Policy Sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a BA in Economics from Bocconi University. His research interests are in the following fields: motivations for altruistic behaviour, ethics in markets, health economics, strategic management, and industrial and innovation economics.

Credit: Rotman School of Management

April 22, 2024

European Union Should Adopt a Research-Based Approach to Ensure the Quality and Safety of Substances of Human Origin

London/Toronto – Substances of human origin (SoHOs) such as blood, plasma, skin, corneas, and embryos play an increasing role in life-saving medical procedures. Governments around the world are reevaluating their healthcare policies to ensure of a supply of SoHOs for their population, while also considering the best-interests of both donors and patients.

A paper published today in British Medical Journal - Global Health examines the issues surrounding the regulation of SoHOs for governments as the Council of the European Union (EU) and the European Parliament recently agreed in December 2023 on a new “Regulation on standards of quality and safety for substances of human origin intended for human application.”

The paper, coauthored by Professor Nicola Lacetera of the University of Toronto, urges that it is imperative for the EU to adopt a balanced, empirically sound, and research-backed approach which promotes policies to safeguard the interests of donors and patients, while ensuring a safe supply of SoHOs.

"Recent studies and reviews of the evidence over the last 40 years have concluded that the statistically sound, field-based evidence from large, representative samples shows that properly devised rewards increase supply without compromising the quality and safety of blood and blood components,” says Prof. Lacetera. “ At least where plasma for fractionation is concerned, the unpaid-donor system has failed to meet demand. In Europe, countries allowing monetary compensation for donors are the only ones achieving self-sufficiency in plasma collection for the production of immunoglobulin.”

The paper conclude that the final objective of any new regulation should not merely be self-sufficiency in providing SoHOs for treatment but ensuring the availability of safe, sufficient, and accessible SoHOs for all in need. One of the more controversial aspects in the discussion has been the compensation of donors with the new EU regulation stating that the “donation of SoHO should be voluntary and unpaid.” Current scientific evidence shows that compensation increases supply without affecting the quality of the products. Without stronger individual incentives for donors and other strategies to reduce barriers to donate such as building additional collective centres, it is unlikely that the EU can achieve self-sufficiency.

The paper has implications for other jurisdictions who are currently reviewing their policies on the donation and use of substances of human origin, including Canada, where the debate as to whether allow compensation to plasma donors is longstanding.

  Lacetera is a professor of strategic management at the University of Toronto Mississauga with a cross appointment to the Rotman School of Management. His co-authors of the paper are Prof. Julio Elias of Universidad del CEMA, Prof. Mario Macis of Johns Hopkins University, Prof. Axel Ockenfeis of the University of Cologne and Max Plank Institute for Research on Collective Goods and Prof. Alvin Roth of Stanford University.

The paper is online .

Bringing together high-impact faculty research and thought leadership on one searchable platform, the Rotman Insights Hub offers articles, podcasts, opinions, books and videos representing the latest in management thinking and providing insights into the key issues facing business and society. Visit www.rotman.utoronto.ca/insightshub .

The Rotman School of Management is part of the University of Toronto, a global centre of research and teaching excellence at the heart of Canada’s commercial capital. Rotman is a catalyst for transformative learning, insights and public engagement, bringing together diverse views and initiatives around a defining purpose: to create value for business and society. For more information, visit www.rotman.utoronto.ca

For more information:

Ken McGuffin

Manager, Media Relations

Rotman School of Management

University of Toronto

E-mail: [email protected]

BMJ Global Health

10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015122

Method of Research

Literature review

Subject of Research

Not applicable

Article Title

Quality and safety for substances of human origins: scientific evidence and the new EU regulations

Article Publication Date

22-Apr-2024

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

Original Source