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How to Write a Non-Cliche College Essay About Sports + Examples

What’s covered:, what makes a sports essay cliche.

• How To Make Your Sports Essay Unique

Great Examples of College Essays About Sports

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You’ve been brainstorming essay topics for your college applications, and you think you’ve finally found the right one: an extended metaphor likening your experience on the field with overcoming personal struggles. The problem: many other students have this same thought. 

The purpose of a college essay is to make yourself stand out as a unique individual, but when students write about sports, they often blend in. Because of that, students are usually advised to pick a different topic.

That being said, it is possible to write a non-cliche college essay about sports if you put in a little extra effort. Read along to learn how to make your sports essay different from all the other sports essays.

Sports essays are cliche when they follow a standard trajectory. Some of these trajectories include writing a story about:

• An agonizing defeat
• Forging bonds with teammates
• Overcoming adversity
• Overcoming an injury
• Refusing to quit
• Victory during a big game

Because sports essays have very similar themes and “lessons learned,” it can be difficult to make your story stand out. These trajectories also often focus too much on the sport or storyline, and not enough on the writer’s reflections and personality.

As you write your essay, try to think about what your experience says about you rather than what you learned from your experience. You are more than just one lesson you learned!

(Keep in mind that the sports essay is not the only college essay cliche. Learn about other essay cliches and how to fix them in our complete guide).

How to Make Your Sports Essay Unique

1. focus on a specific moment or reflection..

The college essay is a way for students to humanize themselves to admissions officers. You do not feel human if you are describing yourself as just another player on the field!

One important way to make your essay about you (not just about sports) is by focusing on a specific moment in time and inviting the reader to join you in that moment. Explain to the reader what it would be like to be sitting in that locker room as you questioned the values of the other players on your team. Ask your reader to sit with you on the cot in the trainer’s room as your identity was stripped away from you when they said “your body can’t take this anymore.” Bring your reader to the dinner table and involve them in your family’s conversation about how sports were affecting your mental health and your treatment of those around you.

Intense descriptions of a specific experience will evoke emotions in your reader and allow them to connect with you and feel for you.

When in doubt, avoid anything that can be covered by ESPN. On ESPN, we see the games, we see the benches, we even see the locker rooms and training rooms. Take your reader somewhere different and show them something unique.

2. Use sports to point out broader themes in your life.

The main risk when writing about sports is neglecting to write about yourself. Before you get started, think about the main values that you want to express in your sports essay. Sports are simply your avenue for telling the reader what makes you unique. 

As a test, imagine if you were a pianist. Would you be able to talk about these same values? What if you were a writer? Or a chemist? Articulating your values is the end, and sports should simply be your means.

Some values that you might want to focus on:

• Autonomy (you want to be able to set your mind to anything and achieve it on your own)
• Growth (you seek improvement constantly)
• Curiosity (you are willing to try anything once)
• Vulnerability (you aren’t afraid to fail, as long as you give it your all)
• Community (you value the feedback of others and need camaraderie to succeed)
• Craft (you think that with deliberate care, anything can be perfected)
• Responsibility (you believe that you owe something to those around you and perhaps they also owe something to you)

You can use the ESPN check again to make sure that you are using sports as an avenue to show your depth.

Things ESPN covers: how a player reacts to defeat, how injuries affect a player’s gameplay/attitude, how players who don’t normally work well together are working together on their new team.

Things ESPN doesn’t cover: the conversation that a player had with their mother about fear of death before going into a big surgery (value: family and connection), the ways that the intense pressure to succeed consumed a player to the point they couldn’t be there for the people in their life (value: supporting others and community), the body image issues that weigh on a player’s mind when playing their sport and how they overcame those (value: health and growth).

3. Turn a cliche storyline on its head.

There’s no getting around the fact that sports essays are often cliche. But there is a way to confront the cliche head-on. For example, lots of people write essays about the lessons they learned from an injury, victory, and so on, but fewer students explain how they are embracing those lessons. 

Perhaps you learned that competition is overwhelming for you and you prefer teamwork, so you switched from playing basketball to playing Dungeons & Dragons. Maybe, when your softball career ended abruptly, you had to find a new identity and that’s when you became obsessed with your flower garden and decided to pursue botany. Or maybe, you have stuck with football through it all, but your junior-year mental health struggle showed you that football should be fun and you have since started a nonprofit for local children to healthily engage with sports.

If your story itself is more cliche, try bringing readers to the present moment with you and show why the cliche matters and what it did for you. This requires a fair amount of creativity. Ensure you’re not parroting a frequently used topic by really thinking deeply to find your own unique spin.

Night had robbed the academy of its daytime colors, yet there was comfort in the dim lights that cast shadows of our advances against the bare studio walls. Silhouettes of roundhouse kicks, spin crescent kicks, uppercuts and the occasional butterfly kick danced while we sparred. She approached me, eyes narrowed with the trace of a smirk challenging me. “Ready spar!” Her arm began an upward trajectory targeting my shoulder, a common first move. I sidestepped — only to almost collide with another flying fist. Pivoting my right foot, I snapped my left leg, aiming my heel at her midsection. The center judge raised one finger. 

There was no time to celebrate, not in the traditional sense at least. Master Pollard gave a brief command greeted with a unanimous “Yes, sir” and the thud of 20 hands dropping-down-and-giving-him-30, while the “winners” celebrated their victory with laps as usual. 

Three years ago, seven-thirty in the evening meant I was a warrior. It meant standing up straighter, pushing a little harder, “Yes, sir” and “Yes, ma’am”, celebrating birthdays by breaking boards, never pointing your toes, and familiarity. Three years later, seven-thirty in the morning meant I was nervous. 

The room is uncomfortably large. The sprung floor soaks up the checkerboard of sunlight piercing through the colonial windows. The mirrored walls further illuminate the studio and I feel the light scrutinizing my sorry attempts at a pas de bourrée, while capturing the organic fluidity of the dancers around me. “Chassé en croix, grand battement, pique, pirouette.” I follow the graceful limbs of the woman in front of me, her legs floating ribbons, as she executes what seems to be a perfect ronds de jambes. Each movement remains a negotiation. With admirable patience, Ms. Tan casts me a sympathetic glance.   

There is no time to wallow in the misery that is my right foot. Taekwondo calls for dorsiflexion; pointed toes are synonymous with broken toes. My thoughts drag me into a flashback of the usual response to this painful mistake: “You might as well grab a tutu and head to the ballet studio next door.” Well, here I am Master Pollard, unfortunately still following your orders to never point my toes, but no longer feeling the satisfaction that comes with being a third degree black belt with 5 years of experience quite literally under her belt. It’s like being a white belt again — just in a leotard and ballet slippers. 

But the appetite for new beginnings that brought me here doesn’t falter. It is only reinforced by the classical rendition of “Dancing Queen” that floods the room and the ghost of familiarity that reassures me that this new beginning does not and will not erase the past. After years spent at the top, it’s hard to start over. But surrendering what you are only leads you to what you may become. In Taekwondo, we started each class reciting the tenets: honor, courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control, courage, humility, and knowledge, and I have never felt that I embodied those traits more so than when I started ballet. 

The thing about change is that it eventually stops making things so different. After nine different schools, four different countries, three different continents, fluency in Tamil, Norwegian, and English, there are more blurred lines than there are clear fragments. My life has not been a tactfully executed, gold medal-worthy Taekwondo form with each movement defined, nor has it been a series of frappés performed by a prima ballerina with each extension identical and precise, but thankfully it has been like the dynamics of a spinning back kick, fluid, and like my chances of landing a pirouette, unpredictable. 

Why it works:

What’s especially powerful about this essay is that the author uses detailed imagery to convey a picture of what they’re experiencing, so much so that the reader is along for the ride. This works as a sports essay not only because of the language and sensory details, but also because the writer focuses on a specific moment in time, while at the same time exploring why Taekwondo is such an important part of their life.

After the emotional image is created, the student finishes their essay with valuable reflection. With the reflection, they show admissions officers that they are mature and self-aware. Self-awareness comes through with statements like “surrendering what you are only leads you to what you may become” and maturity can be seen through the student’s discussion of values “honor, courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control, courage, humility, and knowledge, and I have never felt that I embodied those traits more so than when I started ballet.” These are the kinds of comments that should find their way into a sports essay!

“Advanced females ages 13 to 14 please proceed to staging with your coaches at this time.” Skittering around the room, eyes wide and pleading, I frantically explained my situation to nearby coaches. The seconds ticked away in my head; every polite refusal increased my desperation.

Despair weighed me down. I sank to my knees as a stream of competitors, coaches, and officials flowed around me. My dojang had no coach, and the tournament rules prohibited me from competing without one.

Although I wanted to remain strong, doubts began to cloud my mind. I could not help wondering: what was the point of perfecting my skills if I would never even compete? The other members of my team, who had found coaches minutes earlier, attempted to comfort me, but I barely heard their words. They couldn’t understand my despair at being left on the outside, and I never wanted them to understand.

Since my first lesson 12 years ago, the members of my dojang have become family. I have watched them grow up, finding my own happiness in theirs. Together, we have honed our kicks, blocks, and strikes. We have pushed one another to aim higher and become better martial artists. Although my dojang had searched for a reliable coach for years, we had not found one. When we attended competitions in the past, my teammates and I had always gotten lucky and found a sympathetic coach. Now, I knew this practice was unsustainable. It would devastate me to see the other members of my dojang in my situation, unable to compete and losing hope as a result. My dojang needed a coach, and I decided it was up to me to find one. 

I first approached the adults in the dojang – both instructors and members’ parents. However, these attempts only reacquainted me with polite refusals. Everyone I asked told me they couldn’t devote multiple weekends per year to competitions. I soon realized that I would have become the coach myself.

At first, the inner workings of tournaments were a mystery to me. To prepare myself for success as a coach, I spent the next year as an official and took coaching classes on the side. I learned everything from motivational strategies to technical, behind-the-scenes components of Taekwondo competitions. Though I emerged with new knowledge and confidence in my capabilities, others did not share this faith.

Parents threw me disbelieving looks when they learned that their children’s coach was only a child herself. My self-confidence was my armor, deflecting their surly glances. Every armor is penetrable, however, and as the relentless barrage of doubts pounded my resilience, it began to wear down. I grew unsure of my own abilities.

Despite the attack, I refused to give up. When I saw the shining eyes of the youngest students preparing for their first competition, I knew I couldn’t let them down. To quit would be to set them up to be barred from competing like I was. The knowledge that I could solve my dojang’s longtime problem motivated me to overcome my apprehension.

Now that my dojang flourishes at competitions, the attacks on me have weakened, but not ended. I may never win the approval of every parent; at times, I am still tormented by doubts, but I find solace in the fact that members of my dojang now only worry about competing to the best of their abilities.

Now, as I arrive at a tournament with my students, I close my eyes and remember the past. I visualize the frantic search for a coach and the chaos amongst my teammates as we compete with one another to find coaches before the staging calls for our respective divisions. I open my eyes to the exact opposite scene. Lacking a coach hurt my ability to compete, but I am proud to know that no member of my dojang will have to face that problem again.

In the beginning, you might think this is another cliche sports essay about overcoming adversity. But instead, it becomes a unique statement and coming-of-age tale that reads as a suspenseful narrative. 

The author connects their experience with martial arts to larger themes in their life but manages to do so without riffing off of tried-and-true themes. Through statements like “I knew I couldn’t let them down. To quit would be to set them up to be barred from competing like I was” we learn about the students values and their desire to be there for those who depend on them. 

The student also brings it full circle, demonstrating their true transformation. By using the “Same, but Different” ending technique , the student places themself in the same environment that we saw in the intro, but experiences it differently due to their actions throughout the narrative. This is very compelling!

“1…2…3…4 pirouettes! New record!” My friends cheered as I landed my turns. Pleased with my progress, I gazed down at my worn-out pointe shoes. The sweltering blisters, numbing ice-baths, and draining late-night practices did not seem so bad after all. Next goal: five turns.

For as long as I can remember, ballet, in all its finesse and glamor, had kept me driven day to day. As a child, the lithe ballerinas, donning ethereal costumes as they floated across the stage, were my motivation. While others admired Messi and Adele, I idolized Carlos Acosta, principal dancer of the Royal Ballet. 

As I devoted more time and energy towards my craft, I became obsessed with improving my technique. I would stretch for hours after class, forcing my leg one inch higher in an effort to mirror the Dance Magazine cover girls. I injured my feet and ruined pair after pair of pointe shoes, turning on wood, cement, and even grass to improve my balance as I spun. At competitions, the dancers with the 180-degree leg extensions, endless turns, and soaring leaps—the ones who received “Bravos!” from the roaring audience—further pushed me to refine my skills and perfect my form. I believed that, with enough determination, I would one day attain their level of perfection. Reaching the quadruple-pirouette milestone only intensified my desire to accomplish even more. 

My efforts seemed to have come to fruition two summers ago when I was accepted to dance with Moscow’s Bolshoi Ballet at their renowned New York City summer intensive. I walked into my first session eager to learn from distinguished ballet masters and worldly dancers, already anticipating my improvement. Yet, as I danced alongside the accomplished ballerinas, I felt out of place. Despite their clean technique and professional training, they did not aim for glorious leg extensions or prodigious leaps. When they performed their turn combinations, most of them only executed two turns as I attempted four. 

“Dancers, double-pirouettes only.” 

Taken aback and confused, I wondered why our teacher expected so little from us. The other ballerinas seemed content, gracing the studio with their simple movements. 

As I grew closer with my Moscow roommates, I gradually learned that their training emphasized the history of the art form instead of stylistic tricks. Rather than show off their physical ability, their performances aimed to convey a story, one that embodied the rich culture of ballet and captured both the legacy of the dancers before them and their own artistry. As I observed my friends more intently in repertoire class, I felt the pain of the grief-stricken white swan from Swan Lake, the sass of the flirtatious Kitri from Don Quijote, and I gradually saw what I had overlooked before. My definition of talent had been molded by crowd-pleasing elements—whirring pirouettes, gravity-defying leaps, and mind-blowing leg extensions. This mindset slowly stripped me from the roots of my passion and my personal connection with ballet. 

With the Bolshoi, I learned to step back and explore the meaning behind each step and the people behind the scenes. Ballet carries history in its movements, from the societal values of the era to each choreographer’s unique flair. As I uncovered the messages behind each pirouette, kick, and jump, my appreciation for ballet grew beyond my obsession with raw athleticism and developed into a love for the art form’s emotive abilities in bridging the dancers with the audience. My journey as an artist has allowed me to see how technical execution is only the means to a greater understanding between dancer and spectator, between storyteller and listener. The elegance and complexity of ballet does not revolve around astonishing stunts but rather the evocative strength and artistry manifested in the dancer, in me. It is the combination of sentiments, history, tradition, and passion that has allowed ballet and its lessons of human connection to become my lifestyle both on and off stage.

This essay is about lessons. While the author is a dancer, this narrative isn’t really about ballet, per se — it’s about the author’s personal growth. It is purposefully reflective as the student shows a nice character arc that begins with an eager young ballerina and ends with a reflection on their past. The primary strength of this essay is the honesty and authenticity that the student approaches it with.

In the end, the student turns a cliche on its head as they embrace the idea of overcoming adversity and demonstrate how the adversity, in this case, was their own stereotypes about their art. It’s beautiful!

“Getting beat is one thing – it’s part of competing – but I want no part in losing.” Coach Rob Stark’s motto never fails to remind me of his encouragement on early-morning bus rides to track meets around the state. I’ve always appreciated the phrase, but an experience last June helped me understand its more profound, universal meaning.

Stark, as we affectionately call him, has coached track at my high school for 25 years. His care, dedication, and emphasis on developing good character has left an enduring impact on me and hundreds of other students. Not only did he help me discover my talent and love for running, but he also taught me the importance of commitment and discipline and to approach every endeavor with the passion and intensity that I bring to running. When I learned a neighboring high school had dedicated their track to a longtime coach, I felt that Stark deserved similar honors.

Our school district’s board of education indicated they would only dedicate our track to Stark if I could demonstrate that he was extraordinary. I took charge and mobilized my teammates to distribute petitions, reach out to alumni, and compile statistics on the many team and individual champions Stark had coached over the years. We received astounding support, collecting almost 3,000 signatures and pages of endorsements from across the community. With help from my teammates, I presented this evidence to the board.

They didn’t bite. 

Most members argued that dedicating the track was a low priority. Knowing that we had to act quickly to convince them of its importance, I called a team meeting where we drafted a rebuttal for the next board meeting. To my surprise, they chose me to deliver it. I was far from the best public speaker in the group, and I felt nervous about going before the unsympathetic board again. However, at that second meeting, I discovered that I enjoy articulating and arguing for something that I’m passionate about.

Public speaking resembles a cross country race. Walking to the starting line, you have to trust your training and quell your last minute doubts. When the gun fires, you can’t think too hard about anything; your performance has to be instinctual, natural, even relaxed. At the next board meeting, the podium was my starting line. As I walked up to it, familiar butterflies fluttered in my stomach. Instead of the track stretching out in front of me, I faced the vast audience of teachers, board members, and my teammates. I felt my adrenaline build, and reassured myself: I’ve put in the work, my argument is powerful and sound. As the board president told me to introduce myself, I heard, “runners set” in the back of my mind. She finished speaking, and Bang! The brief silence was the gunshot for me to begin. 

The next few minutes blurred together, but when the dust settled, I knew from the board members’ expressions and the audience’s thunderous approval that I had run quite a race. Unfortunately, it wasn’t enough; the board voted down our proposal. I was disappointed, but proud of myself, my team, and our collaboration off the track. We stood up for a cause we believed in, and I overcame my worries about being a leader. Although I discovered that changing the status quo through an elected body can be a painstakingly difficult process and requires perseverance, I learned that I enjoy the challenges this effort offers. Last month, one of the school board members joked that I had become a “regular” – I now often show up to meetings to advocate for a variety of causes, including better environmental practices in cafeterias and safer equipment for athletes.

Just as Stark taught me, I worked passionately to achieve my goal. I may have been beaten when I appealed to the board, but I certainly didn’t lose, and that would have made Stark proud.

This essay uses the idea of sports to explore a more profound topic—growing through relationships. They really embrace using sports as an avenue to tell the reader about a specific experience that changed the way they approach the world. 

The emphasis on relationships is why this essay works well and doesn’t fall into a cliche. The narrator grows not because of their experience with track but because of their relationship with their coach, who inspired them to evolve and become a leader.

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Essay About Sport Example

10 December, 2020

11 minutes read

Author:  Donna Moores

Physical development plays a critical role in sustaining a healthy living and contributing to wellbeing in the long-term. Various topics on sports are relevant for both the young generation and older individuals at all times. For one, sport is a means of maintaining an excellent physical shape and great mobility; others perceive sports as a way to unwind and get one’s mind together. Alternatively, sport might let oneself learn about self-organization and discipline and experience its positive influence on life.

Regardless of the direction and type of activity, sports always brings out only the best: a team spirit, improved physical health, emotional fulfillment, and psychological relief. Since many youngsters might underestimate the benefits of sports, it is fundamental to emphasize its crucial role in determining one’s personality, health, and wellbeing. 

How to write an essay on sports?

If you so far have a vague idea of an essay about sport but still have enough time for writing, you are on the safe side. Here is what you should do to end up with a marvelous essay about sports.

First of all, try to pick a topic that is both relevant and not boring. By ensuring that the latter is the case, you will prevent yourself from writing meaningless stuff that isn’t even interesting to read. 

There are some tips that will help you stick to an appropriate essay format and save a great deal of time. Here is what you can take into account to take better control of your essay about sport writing:

• Research for a while and make sure you find some sound pieces of literature to back on in your writing
• Draft the main goals of your essay and come up with the question you are about to find answers to 
• Draft an outline and attach comments to each section of your outline. A short comment is a helper in elaborating an idea in each part of your outline
• Pick suitable arguments for each of the body paragraphs. Try to make sure that all the statements are actually reliable and relevant.

Make sure you prepare a piece of paper (or you may use any electronic device as an alternative) to write down your notes. It is always better to keep your drafts in a single place so that you don’t get lost in multiple notes. 

Sports Essay Topics 

If you want your next essay on sports to be an ultimate success, try picking a topic that will sound intriguing and be easy to comprehend at the same time. Below, we’ve listed a few indeed attention-grabbing topics that will be easy for you to elaborate on: 

• How regular sports correlates with a better quality of life 
• Essential skills that any type of sport requires
• Adverse effects of doping in sports 
• An example of a woman/man who went down into the history of sports
• New kinds of sports on the rise in 2021
• Sport has no gender: the women who rocked ‘male’ sports 
• The history of sports in your country
• Reasons for young generations to do sports 
• Arguments for deeming chess a sport 
• The influence of sports on mental health
• Sport and society
• The procedure of college admission for future sports students 

Structure of Essay on Sport 

Whether you are about to compose just a short essay about sport or your teacher expects you to develop a complex paper, the structure always remains similar. If you want to craft a useful outline that will prove its efficiency during the writing process, you first need to learn what the structure of an essay about sport looks like. Below we’ve listed the critical components of such an essay.

Introduction 

At this point, you are free to provide any piece of information that will sound convincing to the reader. This might be some statistical data, a historical fact, or a quote. Remember, your task is to encourage your reader to go through your essay and read it till the end. At the end of your paper, you will need to mention a thesis statement: a sentence that reveals what you will be talking about further.

Body paragraphs

Body paragraphs may contain any information that relates to your topic and a thesis statement. Any fact, statistical data, or a quote will be really welcome. A typical body paragraph follows such a structure:

• The topic sentence with a key idea. 
• Substantiated topic sentence and the main argument
• An example or any fact to make the opinion sound reasonable

In the last paragraph, just summarize the main points of your essay. You may briefly restate your introductory statements and explain how each of the body parts supports your thesis. Usually, there is only one thing you need to avoid in conclusion: repetitions. 

Problems with writing Your Essay About Sport? Try our Professional Essay Writer Service!

Essay Example 

The role of sports in promoting good mental health 

Sports is something that most people cannot imagine their everyday living without. The notion of sport had evolved in ancient times before the Olympic games in Greece started to take place. After the second industrial revolution, sport has become an extensively popular and admired subject in almost any school. As a means of entertainment and, at the same time, a way to relieve tension and move one’s energy in a good direction, the sport has always been associated with individual growth and physical health maintenance. These days, schoolers, students, adults, and older people engage themselves in a variety of sports activities for different reasons. But regardless of the purpose, all of them definitely achieve one target – better mental health. Indeed, performing sports activities regularly contributes to improved mental health by reducing stress, promoting a team spirit and social inclusion, and preventing depression. 

Engaging oneself in a sports activity is positively correlated with better social inclusion. In essence, sport is a team activity, which means that doing a particular kind of sports implies interaction with other individuals. Building social contacts while engaging in sports is exciting and easy: finding common ground with teammates or a sports partner is not complicated since you already share at least one significant interest. A recent study by British scientists suggests that individuals who did sports during their school years show higher social inclusion levels and can easily make new acquaintances in adult age. This means that sport plays a critical role in defining an individual’s future behavior in socializing with other people. And since sports promotes an ability to better engage in social groups and  make new acquaintances, it also contributes to an individual’s mental health. As long as humans live in a community and need communication for a healthy and happy living, sports is the key. 

Regular physical activity does not let stress accumulate and negatively influence one’s mental health. The reason why people experience less stress if they give preference to working out on a regular basis is endorphins production. Endorphins are particular neurotransmitters that a human brain produces as a result of physical activity. Neurotransmitters promote good feelings and make it harder for various stress factors to irritate oneself. Additionally, endorphins produced by a body while performing a sports activity promote a better quality of sleep. The latter, in its turn, leads to significant stress reduction as well. Apart from a guaranteed stress reduction, sports activities reduce the adverse effects of stress. Hence, one can come to the conclusion that since stress is an inevitable and highly annoying phenomenon, it is critical to seek preventative measures, and sports seems to cope with the issue of stress and constant tension brilliantly. Therefore, a moderate workout contributes to one’s mental health in the long term.  

Finally, sport has been proven to be one of the most potent remedies for depression. According to what clinicians claim, depression impacts both mental and physical health way worse than diabetes. Therefore, depression is a condition that needs treatment. However, it is highly possible to prevent depression just by exercising and adding some sport to one’s daily routine. Sports influence the human brain almost in the same way that medical drugs do: it promotes the brain’s better capacity to absorb serotonin. Not less important, sport activities contribute to nerve cell growth and prevent cells in the hippocampus from dying. Besides, physical activity has been found to improve self-esteem, which in turn improves body image and self-perception. Overall, a regular sport activity can not only guarantee depression alleviation but also prevent further disorders that have to do with psyche. 

All in all, sports can reasonably be deemed a natural remedy not only against physical but also multiple mental conditions. Just by performing moderate exercises a few times a week, one can make their life go in a different, healthier direction. Performing sports activities can reasonably promote stress-free life since exercising influences endorphins production in the brain. Additionally, a regular sport promotes better social inclusion and facilitates communication with peers. Finally, regular exercises serve as a solution to depression. It is critical to preserve one’s mental health, so working out is something to begin with straightaway.

Write an Essay with HandmadeWriting

While writing an essay about sport, it is essential to find the balance between the topic’s complexity and reader engagement. In other words, a winning essay about sport neither has a primitive subject, nor it covers a very specific and potentially boring sports topic. If this sounds quite complicated for you or if you merely have other reasons for leaving your writing for better times, you may get your paper done with HandmadeWriting . We are always available to assist you with your paper promptly. All you need to do is go to our website, submit paper instructions, and take care of yourself while we are taking care of your paper. 

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• Essay On Importance Of Sports

Essay on Sports

500+ word essay on the importance of sports.

Sports keep us healthy and active. We can have a healthy mind only when we have a healthy body. We can achieve anything in our lives if we have a healthy body and a peaceful mind. Physical and mental well-being comes naturally when we involve ourselves in sports activities. Sports help in improving our overall personality and make us more active and attentive. Here, students can find a 500+ Words Essay on the Importance of Sports where we will be discussing how important a role sports plays in our life.

Essay on the Importance of Sports

The topic of sports is very broad. It can serve as a form of therapy and a tool in different aspects of life, which can help change the world. Through sports, children develop physical skills, exercise, be team players, and improve their self-esteem. Sports play a significant role in advancing education and in enhancing knowledge.

Playing sports means regular exercising, jogging, going to the fitness centres or playing any game. There are different types of games involved in sports activities. Each game has its own specific rules. These sports activities are done either by individuals or teams for leisure, and entertainment as well as to compete against one another. Playing sports improves the physiological functions of the body organs and improves the functionality of the entire body system. Through sports, we learn different skills like leadership, patience, coordination, motivation, and team effort.

Sport has great importance in building personality, too. For some people, it is not only the body movement or playing strategy, but it’s a life philosophy. In the modern world, a positive attitude to sports is becoming a trend and style. Young people try to look sporty, fit and full of energy. A sports career in India was considered less lucrative in the past. However, now it has become one of the gainful professional options for students. Sometimes students take an interest in sports merely for adventure and a tension-free life. Now, sports games are gaining popularity. Various sports competitions are played at the international level, such as the Olympics. Apart from it, multiple matches and inter-city competitions are organised to promote the field of sports.

Benefits of Sports and Games

Nowadays, we can see problems related to unhealthy lifestyles. We sit more and more on the couch, surrounded by modern technologies. We don’t realise the importance and benefits of sports and physical activities. The lack of physical activity in our body leads to obesity and many other health problems such as heart disease and so. It has become a necessity of today’s world that all of us do daily physical activities or play any sports for a minimum of 30 minutes.

Regular physical activity benefits health in many ways. It helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints, controls weight, reduces fat, and prevents high blood pressure. Children who participate in physical activities such as sports, experience positive health benefits. These health benefits include a decreased risk of high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Also, these children are less likely to smoke or use drugs and alcohol than children who don’t participate in sports.

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Frequently asked Questions on the Importance of Sports Essay

Why is playing sports important for us.

Playing sports not only helps in the active functioning of our body but also helps in flexibility and reduces the chances of falling sick.

Which was the first sport to be played in the world?

Wrestling is said to have been the first sport played in the world, depictions of the same can be found in the caves of France.

Which is the most famous sport in the world?

Football is ranked as the top sport with 3.5 billion followers, seconded by Cricket.

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Essay Samples on Sports

When college athletes have to start with an academic writing task, they often feel lost and do not know how to start. It’s exactly the same with other academic subjects because one should take time and find inspiring information that can be used unless you already have a prompt. You can focus on the importance of sports or talk about the pros of recreational sports and spending time outside. See our sport essay example as a starting point and learn how to structure your writing correctly. Your introduction part should start with a brief introduction or statistical information that explains your writing objectives or the peculiarities of the problem that you plan to address. The majority of college essays about sports that you see below will provide you with inspiring ideas and teach you how to implement various quotes without falling into the plagiarism trap. If you want to use some source, remember that you must introduce it first and explain why it is there. When you’re talking about the use of medication in college sports, turn to some stats and explain why these are important or biased as you research. It will help you to add an author’s voice. 

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Essays About Sports: Top 5 Examples and 9 Prompts

Almost nothing compares to the thrill of sports; discover our guide with helpful tips for writing essays about sports through essay examples and prompts. 

Most people would agree on the importance of sports for a well-balanced life. Sports provides us with a multitude of benefits, both physically and mentally. But more than this, sports provide people with fun, even in the darkest times. The thrills of sports games and competitions are almost unmatched in the joy it brings others. 

It is important to keep in mind several risks of playing sports. First, the competitive mindset may consume you, as some of the best books about rugby show, and you are susceptible to various injuries, depending on the sport. However, a healthy love of sports often does not involve these risks.

5 Examples of Essays About Sports

1. importance and benefits of sports by melih sozdinler, 2. the importance of sports in empowering women by jo ousterhout, 3. the fastest growing sport in the world by sean monaghan.

• 4.  Extreme Sports by Archie Simmons
• 5. ​​The Mental Health Awakening Has Reached the Sports World  — Now What? by Maggie Ryan

1. My Favorite Sport

2. physical benefits of sports, 3. psychological and mental benefits of sports, 4. opinions on sports, 5. comparing and contrasting sports, 6. an unconventional sport, 7. an extreme sport, 8. values needed for sports, 9. sports in the modern world.

“We can conclude that there are several advantages and benefits of sports. First, sports are required by people to be fit, smart, and good looking. Second, sports are entertaining due to many facts. Third, sports are the huge market for countries’ economies. In my opinion, despite sports’ advantages, many people can’t believe that sports are useful and beneficial. I hope that in the future these people will tend to be more optimistically to sports since they are the necessity of our lives.”

Sozdinler writes about why people should play sports, elaborating on several benefits of sports. First, sports help improve coordination, cognition, circulation, and physique. Second, they provide us with entertainment and relief from the stresses of life. Finally, sports competitions are economically beneficial, allowing countries to expose their people and goods to foreigners. 

“Women who participate in sports are more likely to do better in school, attend college and make higher wages. In a survey of 401 female executives, 82 percent reported playing organized sports while growing up. Hillary understands the role sports can play in empowering women. As she has said, “Sports can make you stronger, tougher, more confident, more resilient, and those qualities can stay with you long after you finish the race or the final buzzer sounds.”

In this essay, Ousterhout discusses a speech by Hillary Clinton in which she stressed the importance of empowering women through sports. Clinton recognizes women’s talent in all fields, sports included, and Ousterhout, citing research, discusses how sports can help women succeed academically and otherwise. Finally, she uses this as a basis to support Clinton’s 2016 campaign for the presidency of the United States. 

“From a game played by the Navajo tribe, to a game broadcasted to millions of people each weekend. Having a sport that is fast paced and filled with incredible skill, lacrosse is bound to see even more growth in the future. The PLL, college lacrosse, and social media have all impacted lacrosse and all sports forever, proving that lacrosse is the fastest growing sport in the world.”

Monaghan writes about lacrosse and how it is becoming more popular. He briefly describes its history, dating back to the Navajo tribe. It started being played as an organized sport in the 1900s and has only grown in popularity. Monaghan believes that Lacrosse is the fastest-growing sport in the world, and its popularity is much-deserved. Check out these essays about badminton.

4.   Extreme Sports by Archie Simmons

“Various news stories, movies, and other sources in the media help spread the impression of the risks and dangers of the sports. Although the public hears mostly about all the negative effects of extreme sports, there are a variety of ways to decrease one’s risk of injuries through proper precautions and practice. In saying that, there are also many benefits to extreme sports as seen in Bode Miller’s memoir, as well as interviews with other extreme sport athletes.”

Simmons gives a brief introduction to the world of extreme sports in his essay. Extreme sports require specialized gear and much preparation and has an increased risk of injury. Simmons writes that athletes continue to participate in extreme sports because they know the risks and prepare to avoid them. He cites a memoir by Bode Miller, explaining his methods and training to ski quickly and carefully. 

5. ​​ The Mental Health Awakening Has Reached the Sports World  — Now What? by Maggie Ryan

“Sports can provide community, boost physical and mental health, foster self-confidence, and serve as an escape. Sports can also be the opposite of all those things: isolating, physically and mentally debilitating, or something that athletes can come to dread. The dividing line between the two, Post says, lies in the tools and preventative care that athletes have at their disposal.”

Ryan writes about the effects of competitive sports on athletes’ mental health. Sometimes athletes are pressured into making sports the center of their lives, affecting their mental health and social life to their detriment. Ryan cites several athletes who have been open about their struggles, including Simone Biles and Jasmine Blocker. The industry must work on this issue and break the stigma around mental health. 

9 Prompts for Essays About Sports

All sports enthusiasts follow one particular sport. Whether you play it or not, choose your favorite sport and briefly describe how it is played. Also, explain why it is your favorite; this should be based entirely on your opinion. 

Participating in a sport can make you stronger and healthier. In your essay, write about a few of the many physical benefits playing sports can have. This can include, muscle strengthening, cardio workout, increased stamina, and good mental health. Give examples of specific sports and the body parts they can help you strengthen, such as football increasing leg strength and increasing stamina.

Playing sports can also clear your mind and make you healthier mentally. Discuss how sports can improve your cognition and mental health, such as certain skills, values, and emotions they can promote. Ensure your argument is well-supported and provide research and statistics for a convincing essay.

In your essay, write about your stance on playing sports, specifically whether you like playing them or not. Discuss the pros and cons of playing sports, and include anecdotes of the different kinds of sports you have tried out. Conclude your essay by deciding whether you are a fan of playing sports or not.

This essay topic is simple and straightforward. Choose any two sports and give a short description of each. Organize your essay according to their similarities and differences in gameplay, physical activity required, and training. Be sure to choose sports that are not too different, and make sure they have some similarities. For example, you could compare and contrast American football with Rugby, discuss the similarities and differences for an exciting piece of writing.

Some sports are deemed “unconventional” due to a lack of physical activity or belittlement for their more art-centric practices. These include chess, thumb wrestling, and dance. Choose a more niche sport and write about its mechanics and popularity in the world today. 

Many sports force athletes to risk their lives, such as bungee jumping and paragliding. In your essay, you can write about one of these “extreme sports” and what they entail. Focus on your chosen sport’s health risks and dangers and perhaps explain why people still participate despite the risk. 

To excel in sports, one needs to have values such as commitment, courage, and teamwork. Discuss one or more of these skills and values, giving their definition and usage in sports. Be as detailed as possible for an engaging, well-supported essay.

Like everything else in the 21st century, the sports landscape is changing drastically due to the rise of esports and other developments. Research on the state of sports and sports competitions in the modern world. To you, is this a good thing? Briefly explain your stance in the essay as well. 

For help with this topic, read our guide explaining what is persuasive writing .

If you still need help, our guide to grammar and punctuation explains more.

Martin is an avid writer specializing in editing and proofreading. He also enjoys literary analysis and writing about food and travel.

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How to Write a Successful 5-Paragraph Essay on Sports

Writing a five-paragraph essay about sports follows the same process you learned in middle school or high school about how to organize an essay. The basic components of your sports essay are:

• Introduction
• Body – Point #1
• Body – Point #2
• Body – Point #3

That general framework can be used effectively for virtually any paper, including yours. For your sports piece, preparation is key. Here’s how you should get ready to do your paper and where to go from there.

How Should I Prepare for My 5-Paragraph Essay on Sports?

First all, do your research. Read extensively about the subject you’re writing about, take thorough notes, and make sure you have a firm grasp on the ins and outs of your selected topic. Next, create a rough outline. It will be helpful if you write a sentence or two about what you want to include in the introduction and for each paragraph after that. This will give you a chance to consider what the most important elements of each paragraph should be before you write them out and elaborate on them.

How Do I Make My Essay on Sports Stand Out?

Consider what makes the sport you chose for your topic unique. Who are the iconic athletes and what have they accomplished other than success for their team? Try to discover some kind of greater truth within your topic and present it to the reader in a meaningful way. Evoking emotion in the reader will make your essay memorable, so do your best to translate your enthusiasm and passion onto the page by using powerful language and a variety of strong adjectives.

How to Write a Solid Introduction

Your introductory paragraph should explain the problem, events, or situation you will discuss in a concise way. You should outline the three points that will be addressed in detail in each of the three paragraphs that form the body. That way not only will you know what to write about as you go, your reader will easily be able to follow the progression of your paper as they go.

Think of your intro as a way to let the reader know what the piece is about and why they should continue reading. If your paper seeks to explain a pattern found among athletes in their rookie season for example, state what implications this discovery might have. This will give the reader a good reason to read on.

The 3-Part Body of an Effective Sports Essay

Each paragraph in the body should completely explain their designated main point. When you move onto the next paragraph, the idea explained in the previous paragraph should be coherent and leave no obvious questions unanswered. Be sure to keep the focus on your sport, team, or athlete without veering off on tangents. If you do decide to go into some backstory within your essay, keep it concise and relevant.

You need to wrap up your paper at the end with a strong conclusive statement. Be sure to make sense of your main points and overall argument with a logical ending that summarizes and ties your paper together. A great way to leave the reader is with a sentence that leaves them in contemplation. Read your final sentence out loud when you finish writing your essay and see if it resonates.

Tips for Successful Writing about Sports

Your tone does not have to be rigid and overly formal for a sports related essay. The topic calls for an informal tone, so don’t hesitate to express yourself in a semi-casual way. Take extra time when editing your paper and making revisions. Read it through at least three times for errors and structural improvements, and then read it again and makes changes accordingly to the content until your essay flows effortlessly.

Essay on Sports: 100+ Topics and Examples

How to Write an Essay on Sports

Various sports, like basketball, tennis, and soccer, are popular among young and older generations worldwide. In addition to the fact that playing sports brings mental and physical health in shape, it also projects sportsmen and women's leadership skills. These role models give sports fans reasons to keep rooting for their favorite players and fuel young athletes' motivation to keep practicing and perfecting themselves in various youth sports.

If you are interested in professional sports or the career development of professional athletes, we encourage you to write a college essay on sports.

Choosing a relevant topic when writing an essay on sports requires deep knowledge of a specific sports industry and its representatives.

• Choose a topic of your interest. Usually, tasks we are genuinely curious about require equal mental stimulation but less tension and stress. For instance, you could choose the topic of the influence of physical fitness on mental health in case you are interested in health science.
• Look for relevant resources to provide trustworthy and valuable information regarding the shortlist of sports essay topics. For example, you could check out famous journals that prioritize writing about physical activity and sports cultures, such as the British Journal of Sports Medicine or the Journal of Human Sport and Exercise.
• After gathering relevant data, list the major issues you will write about in the sports essay. For instance, if you'd rather concentrate on the features your favorite athlete acquires, we suggest you write on persuasive sports essay topics. Highlight the major events in the sports career of chosen male or female athletes that helped them go pro.
• Construct an essay outline highlighting the major points you will touch down throughout your essay. This will loosen the essay writing process and will save some time for you as well.
• As you point out the major issue of reflection in the thesis statement part of your introductory paragraph, proceed with the body paragraphs of arguments supporting your perspective regarding the statement.

Keep reading to find a variety of essay topics like an essay on sports day in English, as well as specified issues relating to sports competitions, such as an essay on concussions in sports, etc.

Essay Topics on Sports

College students who are interested in doing and writing about sports can find many essay topics listed below on sports ranging from Olympic games to performance-enhancing drugs, sports nutrition to sports injuries, and so on.

Persuasive Essay Topics on Sports

• Cross-country skiing is the most dangerous winter sport.
• American universities should pay college athletes
• Ice-Skating is the most aesthetically pleasing sport.
• Soccer is one of the most played college sports in the US.
• Alcohol consumption should be prohibited during the Olympic games.
• More awareness should be raised about racist team players in all kinds of sports.
• FIFA's primary mission is to promote intercultural relations.
• We should reconsider the age range of baseball players.
• There is a link between team sports and math.
• Dealing with Medicine is the most disputable issue of the Olympic Games.
• Sports culture in the US is much higher than in East European countries.
• Cricket should be included in the Summer Olympics.
• The UEFA Championship promotes youth sports.
• The New Orleans Saints as a revolutionary NFL team.
• Everyone should be developed at least in one sport.
• Fitness obsession is a benefit for physical health.
• Sports nutrition is more important than physical activity.
• Dancing is one of the best confidence boosters.
• The rise of Charlotte Horne's value because of MJ.
• International teams in football attract a wide range of audience.

Feel free to ask to ' write me an essay ' on a wide range of persuasive essay topics on sports. Our writers are always at your service to help you achieve academic success.

Argumentative Essay Topics on Sports

• Should major sports events be taken in politically dangerous zones?
• Sports programs should be accessible through all types of TV channel packages.
• Transgender athletes should have the freedom to choose their own pronouns.
• Current sports organizations are corrupt.
• Athletic training should be psychological too.
• Soccer is number one of the most popular sports around the US.
• The most quality games were played at the World Cup 2022.
• School athletics should be paid for.
• American football is not popular around the world.
• Ice hockey is the most dangerous of winter sports.
• Sporting events are mostly watched during work days.
• Physical exercise is as important as mental through athletic development.
• Sports psychology: implementation of a mental training course for student-athletes.
• Many current sports organizations degrade women's sports.
• Sports history: development of baseball around the USA.
• Playing sports should be obligatory for school children.
• Professional athletes should be paid more in Western European countries.
• Toxic masculinity ruins the success of team sports.
• Cheerleading should be part of the Olympic games.
• Are video games sports?

Simply ask to do my paper on various argumentative essay topics on sports and receive the high-quality finished product in the nick of time.

Essay on Sports and Games in School

• Should sports be made compulsory in schools?
• The impact of promoting Air Jordans on developing a winner's mindset in school children.
• The importance of having sports clubs in schools.
• Should school sports participation be an excuse to miss classes?
• Governments should encourage more youngsters to play school sports.
• Is sports a solution to the current mental health crisis in school children?
• Should governments promote more opportunities for high schoolers to pursue aesthetically pleasing sports?
• Which sport is most popular among youngsters around the US?
• Should prospective basketball players be rejected due to height measures in school basketball teams?
• The importance of physical therapy in high school athletes.
• Does sport teach the importance of teamwork?
• Should parents encourage students to play sports?
• Can the gym be a substitute for physical fitness?
• Do sports conflict with academic learning?
• Sports medicine application to mental exhaustion in school athletes.
• Does sport help students develop leadership skills?
• Is playing chess stimulating analytical thinking?
• Importance of media coverage of sports events.
• The pressure of performance in sports
• The chances of school students making it into the national basketball team.

Argumentative Essay on Gender Inequality in Sports

Check out some of the best sports essay topics if you are willing to write an argumentative essay on gender inequality in sports:

• Why are female athletes paid less than their male counterparts in most sports?
• Male athletes have more chances of going pro in basketball than women.
• Club sports exclude some players based on gender.
• Male and female athletes are equally resilient to sports injuries.
• Soccer and Ice hockey are male-dominated sports.
• The marketing strategies of UCR's Women's Basketball are inefficient.
• Height should not be a decisive factor for either men's or women's basketball.
• Gender prejudices discriminate against myriads of potentially successful athletes in various sports.
• National teams should be completed with males as well as females.
• Women's sports are not valued as much as Men's sports.
• Sports medicine is actively used by female athletes under pressure to enhance performance.
• The number of female athletes participating in the Olympic games should increase.
• Fewer female students choose to play sports after graduating from high school compared to the number of male students.
• Negative psychological aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder in athletes.
• More female students should be encouraged to play sports while performing their academic duties.
• Comparatively, more men make it to major league baseball than women.
• Performance-enhancing drugs adversely affect growing healthy muscle groups.
• Ancient sports like the ancient Greek Olympics have nothing in common with modern Olympic games.
• Lack of women professional football players in America.
• Women's soccer is less promoted by European high schools than Men's.

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Essay on Benefits of Games and Sports

Playing professional sports brings about its advantages. Consider writing an essay on benefits of games and sports and choose from a wide variety of topics below:

• Benefits of Playing Sports: Improved concentration
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Increased dopamine and serotonin level
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Improved mood
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Improved sleeping habits
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Reduced stress and depression
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Boosted Self-confidence
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Development of leadership traits
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Improved mental health
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Healthy sleeping habits
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Maintaining healthy body weight
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Improved academic performance in school children
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Better scholastic outcomes
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Active blood circulation
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Developing school athletes as better team players
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Enhanced analytic thinking
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Effective multitasking
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Improved mental and physical health.
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Opportunity to develop a career outside the home nation.
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Better communication skills.
• Benefits of Playing Sports: Smart time management.

Essay on My Favorite Sports Person

Famous sports figures often inspire school students. Take a look at the list of topics to write an essay on my favourite sports person:

• Roger Federer: my favorite tennis player
• Tiger Woods: the best golfer in the US
• Cristiano Ronaldo: The GOAT of GOATs.
• Rafael Nadal: the most prominent tennis player in Spain
• Kevin Durant: the rising star of the NBA
• Lebron James: the best basketball player in the modern NBA
• Usain Bolt: greatest sprinter of all time
• Alexi Lalas: most beloved American soccer player
• Michael Schumacher: seven-time World Champion
• Frank Thomas: greatest baseball player
• Shaun White: the best American snowboarder
• Jennie Finch: most honorable softball player in America
• Dirk Nowitzki: the guy who beat Lebron James.
• Kevin Garnett: most emotional and dedicated in NBA
• Ray Bourque: the best of hockey players
• Billie Jean King: Honor for women tennis players
• Bill Elliot: Nascar's most popular driver
• Mark Messier: greatest leader in hockey history
• Khvicha Kvaratskhelia: Rising star of European football
• Maradona: most prominent soccer player of all time

Feel free to write an essay on sports and games for 10th class from the above topics.

Persuasive Essay on Sports Betting

If you decide to write a persuasive essay on sports betting, take some inspiration from the topics below:

• Beginners should be taught how to place a bet.
• Money-line betting is addictive
• Sports betting should be prohibited under the 18
• Betting on NFL wins totals
• Scandal and controversy in sports are always connected to betting
• Game theory has a direct relation to gambling
• Online casinos should be banned
• Math is used in gambling to assess the risks of winning
• Sports bettors are great analysts
• Mobile betting is a better option than desktop
• Sportsbooks are the main guide to learning sports betting
• Gambling is more entertaining than addictive
• The FIFA World Cup has the biggest betting volume
• The Super Bowl makes up half of all sports bets summed up
• Kentucky Derby is one of the highest-rated betting events in horse racing
• The Grand National horse racing attracts the highest sports bettings around the UK
• Las Vegas is the best gambling destination in the world
• Singapore has one of the strictest gambling rules in the world
• Monte Carlo is the classiest gambling point
• Aruba is the Vegas of the Caribbean

Common App Essay on Sports

You can easily craft top-notch essays related to sports in your college application. Take some of the examples from the topics listed below, and do not hesitate to write a common app essay on sports.

• Learning to take constructive criticism as a soccer player
• Sports is the greatest teacher of teamwork
• Keeping a winner mindset through the challenges of chess
• How I Learned to be a leader through my college sports experience
• Basketball taught me the value of my own contribution to the team's success
• How Failures in soccer championships boosted my self-confidence
• The constant practice resulted in major success: how sport taught me the value of invested work
• How I learned to appreciate my body through the aesthetics of ice skating
• Hip-Hop dancing is the best teacher of networking with people of multicultural origins
• Winning a national tournament in swimming after numerous defeats
• Overcoming a sports injury and going back to a fresh start taught me resilience
• Being a part of the basketball team helped me better perceive my athletic abilities
• Coming from a family of immigrants, my soccer team helped me develop a sense of belonging on American land
• Being a high school student and an athlete led me to better time management
• Baseball player enhanced my concentration skills; within me
• Getting in touch with professional sports persons and mentors led me to personal growth
• Learning from mistakes and using defeat for my own benefit is what playing ice hockey taught me
• Running on the track made me become mentally sharp
• I learned how to lead the game through soccer
• Playing sports led me to broaden my network of professionals

Sample College Essay on Sports

The winning mindset plays a major role in helping athletes develop to the best of their potential. The profound legend of modern-day basketball, Michael Jordan is one of those rare athlete leaders that set an example for millions of college basketball players in and out of the USA on mastering his mind and shaping himself through tough discipline. Therefore, if you are interested in sports psychology, you could pick a related topic and represent an athlete or specific sports teams that similarly show off psychological discipline through their performance that later results in their success.

We have prepared a sample essay on sports below. Examine it carefully to understand a sports research paper format better!

Final Words

We are hoping that not only have you gained some ideas about essay topics on sports, but you are also leaving this article with the motivation to keep working despite any rejections or failures that come along the way.

Meanwhile, you can always use a research paper writing help service, and our experts will guide you through your winning essay writing process.

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Sport and the body.

Given the centrality of the body in sport performance, it might be assumed that the corporeality of athletes has been an essential facet of sport sociological analysis. Despite its vital role, however, the body has occupied ‘‘an absent presence’’ in this research and only since the late 1980s have sport sociologists expressed a growing interest in this topic.

This rather late awakening to the social construction of the body can be attributed to the persistent mind body dualism that has had a deep impact on how the sociology of sport and sport studies view themselves as academic disciplines. The break of sport sciences from physical education reflected the move away from the bodily experience into an intellectual understanding of sport and a validation of sport as a scientific discipline. Opting for the science route, in its early phase from the mid 1960s to the early 1980s, sport sociology was dominated by structural functionalist theorizing that focused on examining human beings as role actors within social structures ignoring the embodied actor. However, in the late 1980s and during the 1990s, along with other social sciences, the ‘‘non body bias’’ started to lift and there was an increased awareness of the importance of studying how the sport ing body has been constructed within power relations.

Examinations of the sporting body have evolved through several theoretical traditions. Inspired by the work of Norbert Elias, several sport sociologists have looked at how the (male) sporting body has become more civilized when molded through different figurations of power over time. This has evolved into further process sociological examinations of interrelation ships between the body, power, and identity construction.

Interpretive sociology, particularly the dramaturgical work of Erving Goffman, has inspired sport scholars to examine the presentation of the body in its everyday context. In addition, phenomenological approaches have been used to examine how the lived body is experienced within the sporting context.

Critical cultural studies examine how the body has been shaped by the ideological construction of sport and by the dominant groups that maintain the current structure of sport. In addition, researchers using this approach have drawn attention to how different bodily identities – such as gendered bodies, lesbian/gay bodies, disabled bodies, ethnic bodies, and aging bodies – have been constructed within commercialized, globalized sport. They have also examined how a body can act as site of agency to resist the dominance of the powerful groups in sport.

More recently, the work of French poststructuralists such as Pierre Bourdieu and particularly Michel Foucault have become increasingly visible tools to examine the social construction of the sporting body. Bourdieu’s work has enabled sport scholars to locate the body within the context of social fields where different sport practices construct distinctive habitus for its participants. Foucault’s understanding of the body as a material site of disciplinary, discursive practices has been used to examine sport as a technology of domination. However, there is also an expanding literature on how the body might act as practice of freedom from the truth games that dominate sport and subvert the ethics of self care. Feminist sport research, particularly, has contributed to growing Foucauldian interpretations of sporting bodies (Markula 2004).

Against this theoretical backdrop, several major topics emerge. One of the major premises for the current investigation of the sporting body as socially constructed is not just about how it is shaped but also about how individual bodies are shaping the power relations in sport. From the modernist perspective, the sporting body is seen as a contradiction: simultaneously being constructed by and constructing the dominant ideologies of sport. Sport, therefore, has been identified to act as a social field that has potential to liberate such oppressed identities as women, lesbian/gay people, disabled, aged, minority ethnicities, or economically underprivileged groups, but who simultaneously conform to the current dominant ideologies of sport. Similarly, different sports, such as male contact sports, have been identified as particular sites for oppressive bodily practices, whereas other sports, such as women’s team/contact sports or women’s bodybuilding, have been analyzed as sites for liberation from the structures of power.

Poststructuralist/postmodern theorists aim to expand the possibilities for the body’s ability to change the existing power relations by assuming the embodied human being as an antiessentialist self who, instead of struggling to resist against power that someone else exclusively holds, assumes a certain amount of power themselves. In this scenario, power relations turn from something to be resisted and eventually overturned into a potential source of creative and positive change through bodily practices. These examinations have also transgressed the boundaries of ‘‘traditional’’ definitions of sport to examine bodily dimensions of such popular phenomena as extreme and adventure sports, ‘‘trash sport’’ events such as the performances by World Wrestling Enterprise (WWE), and the fitness industry within the increasingly global economy of leisure.

While sport scholars have used a variety of methods, their examination of the sporting bodies can be located within two broad categories: textual readings of the sporting body and the sporting body as experienced by the athletes. The textual readings range from the representation of women athletes’ bodies in the media, to the signification of celebrity athletes in the current socioeconomic climate. Individual bodily experiences have been mapped primarily by interviewing athletes within a diverse range of sports and at diverse levels of sport. These studies have focused on such bodily issues as violence, physicality, the impact of injury in a sporting career, body image, disordered eating, sexuality, sexual harassment, sport for disabled, and becoming disabled through sport. Several researchers have also embarked on interview studies to determine whether a particular sporting body can be interpreted as a transgressive body. In addition to interviewing, ethnographic studies have been conducted to trace the social construction of sporting bodies within such contexts as bodybuilding, boxing, the fitness industry, sport spectatorship, football hooliganism, football industry, adventure sports, WWE, women’s ice hockey, and rugby union. There is also a growing literature of autoethnographically based examinations of bodily experiences. These studies trace, through the authors’ personal experiences, how the physically active body has been lived into existence within the structures of power.

The sporting body has been examined from diverse theoretical perspectives using multiple methods to create a rich and varied body of literature. This multiplicity is likely to characterize future research on the social analyses of sporting bodies. However, there appears to be a theoretical trend toward the postmodern/poststructuralist analysis of the body. Therefore, while the modernist body as ideologically constructed into such categorical identities as gender, class, race, or sexuality will persist as part of sociological examination of the sporting body, the performative, postcolonial, queer, cyborg, and embodied postmodern body that is fragmented and in constant flux in the hyperreal, global economy of the sign will feature strongly in future research, as scholars expand their research horizons to further transgress the definitional boundaries of sport. In addition, the storied bodily writing continues to challenge social science research texts through their engagement in performance and performative writing.

References:

• Coakley, J. (2004) Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies. McGraw-Hill, Boston.
• Cole, C. L. (2000) Body Studies in the Sociology of Sport. In: Coakley, J. & Dunning, E. (Eds.), Handbook of Sports Studies. Sage, London, pp. 439-60.
• Featherstone, M., Hepworth, M., & Turner, B. S. (1991). The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory. Sage, London.
• Gruneau, R. (1993). The Critique of Sport in Modernity: Theorizing Power, Culture, and the Politics of the Body. In: Dunning, E. G., Maguire, J. A., & Pearton, R. E. (Eds.), The Sports Process: A Comparative and Developmental Approach. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, pp. 85-110.
• Hall, M. A. (1996) Feminism and Sporting Bodies. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
• Klein, A. (1993). Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. State University of New York Press, Albany.
• Markula, P. (2004) Tuning Into One’s Self: Foucault’s Technologies of the Self and Mindful Fitness. Sociology of Sport Journal 21(3): 302-21.
• Rail, G. & Harvey, J. (1995) Body at Work: Michel Foucault and the Sociology of Sport. Sociology of Sport Journal 12: 164-79.
• Shilling, C. (1993). The Body and Social Theory. Sage, London.
• Sociology of Sport Journal (2001) Special issue on disability and sport. 20(1).

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Essay on Sports and Health

Students are often asked to write an essay on Sports and Health in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Sports and Health

Sports and health.

Sports play a crucial role in maintaining our health. They help in strengthening our muscles, improving endurance, and boosting our immune system.

Physical Benefits

Engaging in sports makes our heart and lungs stronger. It also helps in maintaining a healthy weight, reducing the risk of obesity.

Mental Benefits

Sports not only improve our physical health, but also our mental health. They help in reducing stress and improving mood.

In conclusion, sports are essential for a healthy lifestyle. They keep us physically fit and mentally strong. So, let’s play sports and stay healthy.

250 Words Essay on Sports and Health

Introduction.

Sports play an indispensable role in maintaining physical and mental health. As a holistic approach to wellness, they foster discipline, teamwork, and resilience, transcending beyond mere physical activity.

The Physical Health Benefits of Sports

Participation in sports promotes cardiovascular health, improves muscular strength and endurance, and enhances flexibility. Regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight, reducing the risk of obesity, diabetes, and other lifestyle diseases. Sports also stimulate the production of endorphins, the body’s natural mood lifters, promoting a sense of well-being.

Mental Health and Sports

Beyond physical health, sports contribute significantly to mental health. They serve as a natural antidote to stress, anxiety, and depression. The focus required in sports fosters mental agility, improving cognitive functions such as memory and concentration. Furthermore, the social interactions in team sports can foster a sense of belonging, boosting self-esteem and confidence.

Sports and Long-term Health

The health benefits of sports extend into long-term health outcomes. Regular physical activity slows the aging process, enhances the immune system, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Additionally, the discipline, time management, and goal-setting skills learned through sports can translate into healthier lifestyle choices.

In conclusion, sports offer a multifaceted approach to health, integrating physical, mental, and social aspects. Encouraging participation in sports from an early age can foster a lifelong commitment to health and wellness. As the adage goes, “A healthy mind in a healthy body” epitomizes the profound connection between sports and health.

500 Words Essay on Sports and Health

The interplay of sports and health.

Sports and health are two intertwined concepts, each influencing the other in profound ways. The relationship between these two entities goes beyond the surface-level understanding of physical fitness, delving into psychological and social aspects of health.

Physical Health and Sports

Engaging in sports is synonymous with physical activity, which is a primary factor in maintaining good health. Regular physical activity helps in controlling weight, combating health conditions and diseases, and improving overall bodily functions. It promotes cardiovascular health by reducing risks of heart disease and hypertension, and aids in maintaining healthy bones, muscles, and joints.

Sports also contribute to better sleep patterns. The physical exertion during sports activities enhances sleep quality by promoting deeper sleep cycles and helping in falling asleep faster. This is critical for body repair and regeneration, thereby improving overall health.

Sports and Mental Health

The benefits of sports extend to mental health as well. Participating in sports can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. The physical activity stimulates the production of endorphins, the body’s natural mood lifters, leading to feelings of happiness and relaxation.

Moreover, sports can enhance cognitive functions. It improves concentration, helps in better decision-making, and boosts memory. These cognitive benefits are not only immediate but also help in maintaining cognitive health in the long run, reducing the risk of cognitive decline as we age.

Social Health through Sports

Sports foster a sense of community and belonging, which are vital for social health. They promote teamwork, cooperation, and mutual respect, teaching valuable social skills like communication and conflict resolution. Participating in sports can lead to the development of lifelong friendships and a sense of shared identity, thereby enhancing social well-being.

Challenges and Considerations

Despite the numerous health benefits, sports also come with potential risks. These include physical injuries and the psychological pressure to perform, which can lead to stress and burnout. It’s essential to balance the competitive aspect of sports with the need for physical and mental well-being.

Proper training, adequate rest, and a supportive environment can help mitigate these risks. It’s also crucial to remember that while sports can significantly contribute to health, they should be part of a broader approach to health that includes a balanced diet, regular medical check-ups, and mental health care.

In conclusion, sports play a fundamental role in promoting physical, mental, and social health. They offer a holistic approach to health, addressing various aspects beyond mere physical fitness. However, it’s important to approach sports with a balanced perspective, considering the potential challenges and risks. With the right approach, sports can undoubtedly be a powerful tool for enhancing overall health.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Essay on Sports for Students and Children

500+ words essay on sports.

Sport plays an important role in students. As it develops the physical and mental health of the child. Moreover, adults should include in their daily life routine. Sports are not only played for physical health but also to create discipline in a person. Since all the sports require obedient towards a goal, it enlists hard work in a person. Furthermore, some people play sports to make their career in it.

In our country where cricket is more than a sport for us, many cricketers have got fame because of it. Moreover, cricketers like Sachin Tendulkar , M.S. Dhoni are renowned in the entire world. As they have much fame in the country. People recognize them just by their name.

But apart from cricket different organization organize different sports. Tournaments like Commonwealth Games , FIFA World Cup , Asian games have great importance in the world. The tournaments carry out on a huge scale.

There are many sports that have equal importance. Division of these sports is in two categories.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Outdoor sports

Outdoor sports as the name states takes place outside the house. For instance, some of these sports are: Football: This sport takes place on the ground. Moreover, there are two goalposts at the end. As two teams play this sport. So the players of the team have to kick in the ball in the opposite goals. However, the other teams have to defend their goalposts.

Cricket: As we all know about cricket It is also an outdoor sport. Players play cricket on a pitch. In this one team does batting while the other bowls and fields. Moreover, we can only play cricket on a dry pitch. So this game can only take place in pleasant weather.

Tennis: Player plays this sport with a racquet. Moreover, in this sport, only two or four players can play. Furthermore, this sport takes place in a tennis court. Hockey: Hockey is also a renowned sport. Our country excels in this game. Moreover, our hockey players are the best be it in the male or the female category. Players play hockey with a hockey stick and a synthetic ball. But the gameplay of this sport is the same as of football However, there are many outdoor sports but these are the major ones.

Indoor sports

Indoor sports usually take place in a confined place or a room. Some examples of these types of sports are:

Chess: Chess is a mind game. Only intellectual players play this sport. Because it requires a lot of knowledge and presence of mind. Participants play this sport on a chessboard. Moreover, each player has 16 pieces with which they have to play the game

Table Tennis: Players play table tennis on a table inside a room or a hall. Moreover, like tennis it also has racquets. But the size of the racquets is small and of a different material. Moreover, it has a set of rules so the players have to play accordingly.

Boxing: Boxing is a lethal sport. Players like Mary Kom from our country excel in this game. Moreover, Mary Kom makes a huge name worldwide because of her skills in this game. Boxing is a sport that takes place in a boxing ring. Two players land punches on each other until either one knocks out.

Badminton: Similar to tennis only two or four players can play this. Moreover, players play it wit a badminton racquet.

Moreover, there are other sports too but these have great significance in our country.

The FAQ on Essay on sports

Q1.What is the importance of sports in our life?

A1. Sports keep our physical and mental health stable. Moreover, it keeps our body free from any disease by keeping our heart fit.

Q2. Name any two renowned sports players in our country.

A2. The two renowned sports players in our country are Sachin Tendulkar and M.S. Dhoni.

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Home — Essay Samples — Life — Types of Sports — Playing Sports: The Importance

Playing Sports: The Importance

• Categories: Types of Sports

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Published: Mar 20, 2024

Words: 657 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Table of contents

Physical health benefits, mental and emotional well-being, social benefits, educational and cognitive development.

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• How to write the body of an essay | Drafting & redrafting

How to Write the Body of an Essay | Drafting & Redrafting

Published on November 5, 2014 by Shane Bryson . Revised on July 23, 2023 by Shona McCombes.

The body is the longest part of an essay . This is where you lead the reader through your ideas, elaborating arguments and evidence for your thesis . The body is always divided into paragraphs .

You can work through the body in three main stages:

• Create an  outline of what you want to say and in what order.
• Write a first draft to get your main ideas down on paper.
• Write a second draft to clarify your arguments and make sure everything fits together.

This article gives you some practical tips for how to approach each stage.

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Table of contents

Start with an outline, write the first draft, write the second draft, other interesting articles.

Before you start, make a rough outline that sketches out the main points you want to make and the order you’ll make them in. This can help you remember how each part of the essay should relate to the other parts.

However, remember that  the outline isn’t set in stone – don’t be afraid to change the organization if necessary. Work on an essay’s structure begins before you start writing, but it continues as you write, and goes on even after you’ve finished writing the first draft.

While you’re writing a certain section, if you come up with an idea for something elsewhere in the essay, take a few moments to add to your outline or make notes on your organizational plans.

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Your goals in the first draft are to turn your rough ideas into workable arguments, add detail to those arguments, and get a sense of what the final product will actually look like.

Write strong body paragraphs

Start wherever you want

Many writers do not begin writing at the introduction , or even the early body paragraphs. Start writing your essay where it seems most natural for you to do so.

Some writers might prefer to start with the easiest section to write, while others prefer to get the most difficult section out of the way first. Think about what material you need to clarify for yourself, and consider beginning there.

Tackle one idea at a time

Each paragraph should aim to focus on one central idea, giving evidence, explanation, and arguments that relate to that idea.

At the start of each paragraph, write a topic sentence that expresses the main point. Then elaborate and expand on the topic sentence in the rest of the paragraph.

When you’ve said everything you have to say about the idea, move onto a new paragraph.

Keep your argument flexible

You may realize as you write that some of your ideas don’t work as well as you thought they would. Don’t give up on them too easily, but be prepared to change or abandon sections if you realize they don’t make sense.

You’ll probably also come up with new ideas that you’d not yet thought of when writing the outline. Note these ideas down and incorporate them into the essay if there’s a logical place for them.

If you’re stuck on one section, move on to another part of the essay and come back to it later.

Don’t delete content

If you begin to dislike a certain section or even the whole essay, don’t scrap it in fit of rage!

If something really isn’t working, you can paste it into a separate document, but keep what you have, even if you don’t plan on using it. You may find that it contains or inspires new ideas that you can use later.

Note your sources

Students often make work for themselves by forgetting to keep track of sources when writing drafts.

You can save yourself a lot of time later and ensure you avoid plagiarism by noting down the name, year, and page number every time you quote or paraphrase from a source.

You can also use a citation generator to save a list of your sources and copy-and-paste citations when you need them.

Avoid perfectionism

When you’re writing a first draft, it’s important not to get slowed down by small details. Get your ideas down on paper now and perfect them later. If you’re unsatisfied with a word, sentence, or argument, flag it in the draft and revisit it later.

When you finish the first draft, you will know which sections and paragraphs work and which might need to be changed. It doesn’t make sense to spend time polishing something you might later cut out or revise.

Working on the second draft means assessing what you’ve got and rewriting it when necessary. You’ll likely end up cutting some parts of the essay and adding new ones.

Check your ideas against your thesis

Everything you write should be driven by your thesis . Looking at each piece of information or argumentation, ask yourself:

• Does the reader need to know this in order to understand or accept my thesis?
• Does this give evidence for my thesis?
• Does this explain the reasoning behind my thesis?
• Does this show something about the consequences or importance of my thesis?

If you can’t answer yes to any of these questions, reconsider whether it’s relevant enough to include.

If your essay has gone in a different direction than you originally planned, you might have to rework your thesis statement to more accurately reflect the argument you’ve made.

Watch out for weak points

Be critical of your arguments, and identify any potential weak points:

• Unjustified assumptions: Can you be confident that your reader shares or will accept your assumptions, or do they need to be spelled out?
• Lack of evidence:  Do you make claims without backing them up?
• Logical inconsistencies:  Do any of your points contradict each other?
• Uncertainty: Are there points where you’re unsure about your own claims or where you don’t sound confident in what you’re saying?

Fixing these issues might require some more research to clarify your position and give convincing evidence for it.

Check the organization

When you’re happy with all the main parts of your essay, take another look at the overall shape of it. You want to make sure that everything proceeds in a logical order without unnecessary repetition.

Try listing only the topic sentence of each paragraph and reading them in order. Are any of the topic sentences too similar? Each paragraph should discuss something different; if two paragraphs are about the same topic, they must approach it in different ways, and these differences should be made clear in the topic sentences.

Does the order of information make sense? Looking at only topic sentences lets you see at a glance the route your paper takes from start to finish, allowing you to spot organizational errors more easily.

Draw clear connections between your ideas

Finally, you should assess how your ideas fit together both within and between paragraphs. The connections might be clear to you, but you need to make sure they’ll also be clear to your reader.

Within each paragraph, does each sentence follow logically from the one before it? If not, you might need to add new sentences to make the connections clear. Try using transition words to clarify what you want to say.

Between one paragraph and the next, is it clear how your points relate to one another? If you are moving onto an entirely new topic, consider starting the paragraph with a transition sentence that moves from the previous topic and shows how it relates to the new one.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
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Essay on Sports - 100, 200, 500 Words

Sports are physically demanding activities that require skill and physical effort. Two teams typically play them with the goal of winning or setting the rules for the game. The health benefits of sport extend beyond the physical, as it also enhances focus and increases alertness and attention. It makes a person more productive and aware while also enhancing his overall personality. Additionally, it improves social interaction and fosters good sportsmanship in people. Here are a few sample essays on sports.

100 Words Essay on Sports

200 words essay on sports, 500 words essay on sports.

Sports are forms of physical activity that are all named after the style in which they are performed. For the benefit of the students' welfare and health as well as to enhance their mental skills, the Indian government has made participation in sports mandatory in schools and colleges. It is crucial and essential for kids to participate in sports.

Parents at home and teachers in schools should inspire and motivate students. Sports have a significant impact on social and communication skills, as well as on achieving and maintaining physical and mental fitness. Regular exercise helps a person stay healthy and prevents many diseases and conditions of the body, especially heart disease, obesity, and being overweight.

Only when we are completely mentally and physically fit in our daily lives can we experience happiness or any other kind of joy. Sports and games are crucial to us because they can easily keep us fit and healthy. If we are in pain, we cannot enjoy anything, no matter how enjoyable it may be. It is a practical way to get entertainment and exercise on a daily basis, and it is the method for cultivating character and discipline that we use throughout our lives.

Sports and games have been important since ancient times. Sports and games must be organised alongside academics in order for us to develop properly. They not only help to develop our bodies but also keep us strong and healthy.

There are a plethora of additional advantages to participating in sports and games, including improved immunity, stronger muscles, improved digestion, increased energy, and more. Both the mind and the body are focused and work as efficiently as possible at the same time. Sports and games give us new energy while also assisting in the healthy development of our personalities.

When its citizens win the game, the nation can be proud of itself, which also inspires others and fosters patriotism. Additionally, it helps reduce tensions between various countries on a global scale while boosting the nation's economic and social strength.

Sports are defined as any physical or mental activity that is performed primarily for enjoyment and that involves a healthy dose of competition. Everyone participates in at least one other sport because participation in sports is an essential part of everyone's life. In addition to making us more physically fit, it also enhances our overall physical and mental well-being, which keeps us alert and active.

On a large scale, during various international sporting events like the Olympics, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games , etc., sports promote social harmony. These international competitions draw teams from all over the world, who compete against one another to win. Being involved in sports is wonderful, but watching our favourite sports and cheering on our team is also wonderful.

Type of Games

Depending on where it is being played, the game can be broadly categorised. The main divisions of sports are listed below:

Outdoor sports | Outdoor sports include games like football, cricket, hockey, and rugby that require a large playground and are played there.

Indoor Sports | Indoor games include table tennis, badminton, snooker, boxing, chess, and other games that can be played in a room, hallway, or small space.

Games played indoors can be further divided into mental, physical, and electronic categories. The main categories are as follows:

Mind Sports | Mind sports and mind games, such as chess and playing cards, are sports that don't involve a lot of physical activity.

Indoor Physical Sports | Sports like badminton, table tennis, and other indoor sports that require significant physical effort to play are considered physical sports.

Electronic Games | This is one of the most recent indoor competition games that uses video games. People use their gaming consoles to compete against one another while watching the game on a large screen.

Benefits of the Sports

Sports have numerous advantages for both physical and mental health in addition to being a source of entertainment. Making them outgoing and active improves their personality as a whole. Following are some of the main health benefits of playing the game:

Improvement In Health | Sports activities include physical activity that strengthens the heart and the circulatory system as a whole.

Weight Management | Sports are the best form of exercise because they help us manage our weight while burning calories.

Increases Muscle Strength | Through exercise, we strengthen our bones, make our muscles healthier, and increase our body's flexibility.

Worry | The game helps us feel better and reduces stress, making it the best stress reliever. The best method for overcoming depression is this one.

Improving Concentration | Playing sports helps us focus and keeps our minds sharp and active. It aids in increasing confidence and focusing.

Sports can be chosen as a career in addition to having health benefits. You can work as a teacher, coach, umpire, sports journalist, or coach, among other professions. Even those who are the best in their field can compete in a variety of national and international sporting events, bring honour to the nation with their performance, and come out on top. There were many Indian athletes who excelled in international sporting competitions and brought honour to their nation by winning medals and trophies.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

• Construction
• Entertainment
• Manufacturing
• Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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The Impact of Sports Involvement on Body Image Perception and Ideals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Luciana zaccagni.

1 Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

2 Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy

Emanuela Gualdi-Russo

Associated data.

Not applicable.

Concerns about body image may affect athletes, mainly because of specific sports models to achieve successful performance. This systematic review reports on body image dissatisfaction (BID) in athletes following the guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. From a total of 887 articles identified through a systematic search of electronic databases, 15 articles conducted on 2412 athletes were included in this review. To be eligible for inclusion, the studies must have been published in the last ten years up until September 2022 and analyze body image perception using body figure drawings and anthropometric profiles. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. These studies were compared through thematic analysis of BID to develop four general issues, including gender, sport type and level, and weight status. According to the meta-analyses, the significant medium and small effect sizes found for gender and weight status, respectively, indicated that male athletes had lower BID than females and that, among the latter, normal-weight athletes had a higher BID than underweight ones. The implications and limitations of the included studies are discussed extensively in this review, highlighting the need for further research on BID examined both in the social and the sports contexts. Sports activity should be carried out following healthy lifestyles, and promoting positive BI.

1. Introduction

Any form of physical activity can be beneficial to the physical and mental health of youth and adults when undertaken regularly and with sufficient duration and intensity [ 1 , 2 ]. These recommendations are highly relevant since there is simultaneously a worldwide prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity. Indeed, the current sedentary lifestyle is one of the main causes of overweight/obesity [ 3 , 4 ], and this results in a high prevalence of dissatisfaction with the perceived body image (BI) because of the ideal of body thinness prevalent in Western societies [ 5 ].

Sports make an important, though underused, contribution to the physical activity of persons of every age [ 1 ]. Athletes are engaged in structured and planned physical activity with prominent influences on their physical and mental health. Generally, a positive BI is associated with increased participation in physical activity and sports [ 6 ]. BI is considered a multidimensional construct focused on the appearance and function of the body [ 6 ]. Body dissatisfaction with an individual’s own physical appearance and body size, as well as discrepancies between actual and ideal dimensions, are cognitive, affective, and perceptual indicators of a negative BI [ 7 ]. In essence, a negative or positive BI is shown through the perceptual dimension (how I see myself), and cognitive and affective dimensions (how I think and feel about my physical appearance) [ 7 ].

In a sports context, a more favorable BI would depend on actual physical changes resulting from the sport practiced (e.g., body shape), perceived changes in the physique, and building self-efficacy and confidence. However, this relationship is by no means simple: while physical activity practice contributes to raising self-confidence through a number of discernible physical changes (e.g., an increase in fat-free-mass) resulting in improved BI satisfaction, BI may, in turn, induce motivation or dissuasion for physical activity and sports participation [ 6 ]. Thus, for example, exercise addiction arises from a misperception of BI [ 8 ] and can also result in decreased performance owing to overload and physical burnout [ 9 ].

An important aspect to consider is whether dissatisfaction is influenced by the type of exercise practiced. Some differences in body dissatisfaction recorded among practitioners of different sports [ 10 ] might depend on the importance of body weight and body thinness within that sport [ 11 ]. A particular relevance of physical appearance can be found in aesthetic sports, such as rhythmic gymnastics. In this case, the assessment of the athlete considers his/her morpho-kinetic abilities based on well-coded aesthetic requirements. Therefore, in addition to performance, the athlete’s physical appearance strongly contributes to the judgment, so much so that a prevalence of dissatisfaction among athletes involved in aesthetic sports has been reported in several studies [ 12 , 13 ]. With particular reference to the female gender, a higher risk of body concerns was observed in gymnastics than in swimming and long-distance running [ 14 ]. However, in these cases, it is important to distinguish the “sport” body image dissatisfaction (sport-BID = perceived discrepancy between current and ideal body size for sport) from the general body image dissatisfaction (BID) [ 15 , 16 ]. Indeed, the literature [ 15 ] shows that athletes, especially in aesthetic sports, would not be driven toward dieting and pathological weight control because of general BID, but because of the specific needs of the sport they play. Greenleaf [ 17 ] distinguished the BI of the athlete within an athletic context from a social BI that relates to the context of everyday life. Satisfaction/dissatisfaction with one’s body image will therefore depend not only on one’s physical appearance, but also on the social or sports environment of reference. Although athletes tend to be more satisfied than non-athletes in the social environment [ 18 ], in the sports environment, athletes often are under pressure from coaches and athletic trainers to achieve and retain a body that is favorable to their respective sport [ 19 ]. Regarding aesthetic sports, for example, it has been found that the ideal sports figure of the female gymnast does not coincide with the ideal figure in everyday life, being leaner [ 16 ].

According to previous literature reviews, athletes have a more positive BI than non-athletes both considering studies published between 1975 and 2000 [ 18 ] and between 2000 and 2012 [ 14 ]. Although both reviews made this comparison taking into account age and competitive level, no gender comparisons were made in either the first review (which reports a small percentage of males) or the second review (focused exclusively on females). The majority of studies in this field concern eating disorders, showing a higher incidence of disordered eating in athletes, particularly in aesthetic and weight-class-dependent sports [ 20 ]. De Bruin et al. [ 15 ] analyzed the role of BI in athletes’ disordered eating, showing that the athletic BI contributes greatly to this symptomatology. To date, research has focused primarily on the impact of negative BI on the athlete or pathological aspects without thoroughly considering the framework [ 21 ]. In other words, we believe that the extent to which the type and level of sport played and the athlete’s characteristics (body composition, age, gender, and ethnicity) affects the athlete’s BID has not been sufficiently investigated. As well, little attention has so far been paid to general BID compared to that of the sports context (sport-BID).

The main purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess and understand the level of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with BI in athletes practicing different types of sports at various levels. The secondary aim was to summarize the empirical findings from the most recent studies, focusing on the possible effects of sports’ impact on body perception and ideals. In particular, we analyzed the impact of the following factors on the BI perception and BID (acronym used for the general BID in this text) or sport-BID: gender, sport type, sport level, and individual anthropometric characteristics (at least BMI). Finally, in this systematic review, we have attempted to report the current limitations of the scholarship in this field and to formulate suggestions for future research and improvement in the sports field.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. search strategy and eligibility criteria.

We conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) [ 22 ]. The PRISMA checklist is provided in the Supplementary Materials ( Table S1 ). The protocol of this review registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) can be found through the following registration number: CRD42022381243.

Searches for articles published over the past 10 years (up to 12 September 2022) were carried out in the following two databases: PubMed and Web of Science. The following combination of search terms was used: (“body image” OR “body dissatisfaction” OR “body satisfaction” OR “body representation” OR “silhouette scale” OR “ideal body image”) AND (anthropometry OR BMI OR weight OR “body composition”) AND (“sport activity” OR sport* OR athlete). The PubMed filters used to narrow the search results were publication date, and age ticking the adolescent (13–18 years) and adult (19–44 years) categories.

Both co-authors independently manually reviewed the potential articles for eligibility, first based on the title and abstract, and then the full text of the article. Any disputes about eligibility were resolved by further analysis and discussion between the co-authors. Finally, the reference lists of the selected articles were reviewed to search for additional articles not previously collected.

The inclusion criteria for considering an article eligible were as follows: (1) measure of body image by body silhouettes scale; (2) participation in sports activity at competitive level; (3) data on anthropometric measurements; (4) full-text availability; (5) available in English; (6) participants selected from non-clinical populations. Regarding participants, we excluded studies that considered an age range other than the one used (13–44 years). Concerning subject matter, we excluded studies conducted to develop or validate new BI screening tools, or those that considered dissatisfaction with specific body features or body parts (apart from muscularity, which is more closely related to sports activity). Concerning the tool of the BI measure, we excluded studies that only considered an assessment with questionnaires to reduce the heterogeneity of the BI measure. Studies conducted on the same sample were not included, except when supplementary information on a subsample was provided [ 23 ]. Finally, we did not include literature reviews, books (or book chapters), editorials and commentaries, case studies, protocol studies, or conference proceedings.

We extracted, when possible, the following information from each study: authors’ name and year of publication, study design, sample characteristics (number, gender, age, country), anthropometric characteristics of participants, type and level of sport played, BI measure, and BID.

The retrieved data were summarized qualitatively and shown in table format, reporting the studies in alphabetical order.

2.2. Data Analysis

The meta-analyses were performed using the MedCalc Statistical Software (MedCalc Software Ltd., Ostend, Belgium). The effect sizes were calculated via the means, standard deviations, and sample sizes of studies that reported these parameters for BID or sport-BID according to gender, type and level of sport, or weight status. In particular, the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95%CI (confidence interval) and relative weight of each study, and the total SMD were calculated and tabulated. The findings of the meta-analysis were visually displayed by forest plots. The SMD was interpreted using Cohen’s cut-offs [ 24 ] as small (0 to 0.2), medium (0.3 to 0.7), and large (≥0.8). If the CI does not include zero, then the effect size is statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level.

We considered the heterogeneity test (Cochran’s Q) to measure the variation in the study results among the studies in the meta-analysis. In particular, we chose the random-effects model because it is the most appropriate to use in social science research as it assumes variability in the effect sizes across the included studies, according to the indications of Borenstein et al. [ 25 ]. As the test is susceptible to the number of studies included in the meta-analysis, we also considered the I 2 value, which gives a better measure of the consistency between studies in a meta-analysis. A value of 0% indicates no observed heterogeneity, while larger values show increasing heterogeneity; based on existing recommendations, I 2 values of 25, 50, and 75% were considered low, moderate, and high, respectively [ 26 ].

2.3. Risk of Bias

Following PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews [ 22 ], the two co-authors independently assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies [ 27 ]. The NOS evaluation criteria include (1) clearness of the objective of the study; (2) selection of the sample (its representativeness and size; response rate; ascertainment of exposure); (3) comparability (checking for confounding factors; comparability of participants from various outcome groups); and (4) outcome (evaluation; statistical tests). Assessment of exposure, as required in criterion 2, was performed with regard to the figural scale employed (validated or non-validated). The overall score for each study (ranging from 0 to 16) was calculated from the individual component ratings reported. Following Hillen et al. [ 27 ], we regarded studies that had received a score of 13–16 out of a possible 16 points (scores > 75%) as of low risk of bias, studies with a score of 9–12 points (scores > 50%) as of moderate risk, and studies of high risk of bias for scores ≤ 8 points (scores ≤ 50%). A low overall score denotes an increased risk of study bias.

3.1. Selection of Studies

A total of 887 articles were found on PubMed and Web of Science. Of these, 137 were duplicates, resulting in 750 articles to be verified for eligibility. After reading the titles and abstracts, 500 studies were excluded, and 250 studies were read in full. Fourteen studies were included in this review because they met the eligibility criteria, and after reading their references, one additional study was included, resulting in fifteen articles. The article selection process is presented in Figure 1 .

Flow chart of the study selection process (PRISMA 2020 flow diagram) [ 22 ].

3.2. Characteristics of Studies

The review included 15 studies on a total of 2412 athletes ( Table 1 ).

Summary of selected studies included in the systematic review: sports information, anthropometric profile, and body image assessment of the samples.

Note: F: females; M: males; BMI: body mass index; H: height; W: weight; UW: underweight; NW: normal weight; OW: overweight; CBI: current body image; IBI: ideal body image; Sport-IBI = ideal body image for the sport practiced; BID = body image dissatisfaction (=ideal body image—current body image); Sport-BID = body image dissatisfaction in sport (=sport-IBI—current body image).

All of the studies except a longitudinal one had a cross-sectional design. Seven studies were carried out in America (four in Brazil and three in the USA), six in Europe (two in Portugal, two in Italy, one each in Germany and Spain), one in Oceania (in Australia), and one in Asia (in Turkey). The number of subjects surveyed in the studies ranged from a minimum of 10 to a maximum of 725: 6 studies had up to 100 subjects, 5 studies had up to 200, and 4 had a sample size above 200. The sample size was usually inversely related to the level of sports performance. Six studies considered adolescent subjects (13–18 years) and the remaining nine adults; six studies considered only the female gender, four only the male gender, and five both genders. The youngest sample was the 14-year-old boys and girls (mean age: 14.0 ± 2.3 years) practicing aesthetic sports from elite sports schools and Olympic training centers in Germany in the longitudinal study of Krentz and Warschburger [ 41 ], and the oldest sample was that of the Italian male bodybuilders (mean age: 33 ± 7 years) from Santarnecchi and Dettore [ 45 ]. Most of the studies (12 out 15) concerned athletes engaged in aesthetic sports (dancers, rhythmic gymnasts, figure skaters, cheerleaders), two studies concerned male bodybuilders (Turkish and Italian bodybuilders), and one female soccer player (Spanish amateur non-elite soccer players).

As for the anthropometric profile, most of the studies reported BMI calculated from self-reported weight and height; only in four studies were height and weight measured objectively and, in two of these, the percentage of fat mass was also assessed by DEXA [ 34 ] or by the skinfold method [ 31 ]. Finally, Devrim et al. [ 32 ], in their study, asked bodybuilders to self-report height, weight, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass index. Based on the mean BMI values, the athletes resulted in normal weight status: generally, aesthetic sports athletes had a lower BMI than non-aesthetic ones, often used as a control group. Considering the level of sport, elite aesthetic athletes had a lower BMI than non-elites, and the opposite was found in bodybuilding, where the BMI increased with the level of performance.

The studies included in the review assessed the BI perception using a body silhouette scale. In five studies on adolescent athletes, the authors used the Contour Drawing Rating Scale proposed by Thompson and Gray [ 37 ], while Borrione et al. [ 28 ], in their study on adolescent Italian and international rhythmic gymnasts, used the Figure Rating Scale developed by Stunkard et al. [ 29 ]. In adult athletes, the BI perception was assessed using Stunkard et al.’s silhouettes [ 29 ] (four studies), Pinto et al. [ 42 ] used the Muscle Silhouette Measure developed by Frederick et al. [ 43 , 44 ], de Medeiros Eufrásio et al. [ 34 ] used the Kakeshita et al. silhouettes [ 35 ], and Godoy-Izquierdo et al. [ 38 ] used the silhouettes proposed by Ramirez et al. [ 39 ]. Two studies on male bodybuilders used the Bodybuilder Image Grid (BIG), 30 silhouettes of male figures that are used to measure body image perceptions of male athletes, especially for bodybuilders [ 33 ]. The reliability and validity of all of the silhouette scales used in the included studies were assessed [ 33 , 35 , 43 , 50 , 51 ]. Three studies reported the percentage of people satisfied and dissatisfied with their body image; the others reported the ideal and current figures and their difference as a measure of dissatisfaction (BID). In particular, the athletes engaged in sports focused on leanness and thin shape showed negative BID values or a high percentage of dissatisfaction with being overweight. Conversely, female soccer players [ 38 ], male elite or non-elite artistic gymnasts [ 23 , 42 ], and male elite dancers [ 22 ] showed positive values of the BID to better meet the physical demands of the sport practiced. The bodybuilders studied by Devrim et al. [ 32 ] and Santarnecchi et al. [ 45 ] wanted to be leaner, but more muscular than they were. Five studies [ 23 , 40 , 41 , 48 , 49 ] on athletes engaged in sports focused on leanness reported the sport-BID, which measures dissatisfaction using the difference between the ideal silhouette for the sport practiced and the current silhouette of the athlete. All of the athletes except the male adolescent dancers and male non-elite gymnasts of Francisco et al. [ 23 ] reported negative values of the sport-BID.

3.3. Meta-Analyses

3.3.1. bid by gender.

Four studies (27%) included in the review analyzed athletes of both genders, but Krentz and Warschburger [ 41 ], Cardoso et al. [ 30 ], and Da Silva et al. [ 31 ] did not consider BID, so only the study (7%) of Francisco et al. [ 36 ] reported the necessary data to calculate the effect size. They reported the number, mean, and SD of male and female elite aesthetic athletes, non-elite aesthetic athletes, and non-aesthetic athletes ( Table 2 ).

BID by gender: results of the meta-analysis.

Note: Squares represent the individual studies and vary in size according to the weights assigned to each; diamond summaries all individual studies combined together and averaged: its location represents the estimated effect size and the width reflects the precision of the estimate.

The meta-analysis on a total of 725 athletes revealed a medium and significant effect of gender on BID, with girls more dissatisfied than boys (SMD = −0.56, p < 0.001). The Cochran’s Q test and I 2 statistics revealed no heterogeneity among the studies (χ 2 = 0.558, DF = 2, p = 0.757; I 2 = 0.0%).

3.3.2. BID by Type of Sports: Aesthetic Sports vs. Non-Aesthetic Sports

Only three studies (20%) on female athletes (two on adolescents [ 28 , 36 ] and one on young adults [ 40 ]) reported the necessary data to perform a meta-analysis on the effect of sport type on BID based on a total of 582 female subjects: 201 girls engaged in aesthetic sports (at elite level) and 381 girls engaged in non-aesthetic sports ( Table 3 ).

BID by type of sports in female athletes.

Note: Type of sports considered: Borrione et al.: aesthetic sports—rhythmic gymnastics; non-aesthetic sports—basketball, volleyball, Taekwondo, fitness; Francisco et al.: aesthetic sports—gymnastics and dance; non-aesthetic sports—not reported; Kong and Harris: aesthetic sports—leanness-focused sports (dance, performance sports (gymnastics, cheerleading), cycling/endurance sports, long distance running, lightweight boxing, and lightweight rowing); non-aesthetic sports—non-leanness-focused sports (ball sports such as football, netball, soccer, bat/stick sports such as hockey, cricket, baseball, racquet sports, water polo, and heavyweight rowing). Squares represent the individual studies and vary in size according to the weights assigned to each; diamond summaries all individual studies combined together and averaged: its location represents the estimated effect size and the width reflects the precision of the estimate.

Meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect of the type of sports on BID in female athletes (SMD = −0.02; p = 0.899). The Cochran’s Q test and I 2 statistics revealed a significant heterogeneity among the studies considered (χ 2 = 7.68, DF = 2, p = 0.02; I 2 = 73.96%).

3.3.3. BID by the Level of Sport: Elite Level vs. Non-Elite Level in Aesthetic Sports

The same studies examined in the above analysis were used to perform a meta-analysis on the effect of the level of aesthetic sports on BID ( Table 4 ) based on 420 female subjects.

BID by the level of sports in female athletes.

The meta-analysis revealed a small and non-significant effect of the elite level in aesthetic sports on BID compared to the non-elite level (SMD = −0.14; p = 0.293). The Cochran’s Q test (χ 2 = 3.334, DF = 2, p = 0.189) and I 2 statistics (40.01%) revealed a moderate and non-significant heterogeneity among the studies considered.

3.3.4. BID by Weight Status: Underweight Athletes vs. Normal-Weight Athletes

Taking into account the mean BMI values, only the study of Borrione et al. [ 28 ] considered underweight and normal-weight athletes: the international- and national-level rhythmic gymnasts’ mean BMI value fell in the underweight category, while the controls’ (athletes practicing basketball, volleyball, Taekwondo) mean BMI values fell into the normal-weight category. The meta-analysis revealed a small (SMD = 0.35), but significant ( p = 0.014) effect of the weight status on BID, with underweight athletes less dissatisfied than those of normal weight, despite the fact that the former practiced an aesthetic sport and the latter sports non-focused on leanness. The Cochran’s Q test (χ 2 = 0.355, DF = 1, p = 0.551) and I 2 statistics (0%) revealed no heterogeneity among the samples considered ( Table 5 ).

BID by weight status in female athletes.

Note: UW = underweight; RG = rhythmic gymnasts; NW = normal weight. Squares represent the individual studies and vary in size according to the weights assigned to each; diamond summaries all individual studies combined together and averaged: its location represents the estimated effect size and the width reflects the precision of the estimate.

3.3.5. Sport-BID by Gender

Four studies (27%) provided information about the influence of gender on sport-BID; a meta-analysis was performed based on a total of 501 participants (413 females and 88 males), all engaged in aesthetic sports at an elite level. Voelker et al. [ 48 ] reported data for female figure skaters and Voelker et al. [ 49 ] reported data for male figure skaters. The meta-analysis revealed a moderate and significant effect of gender on sport-BID: female athletes are more dissatisfied about their actual body size concerning their ideal sport-practiced body size compared to the males (SMD = −0.74; p < 0.001). The Cochran’s Q test (χ 2 = 3.935, DF = 3, p = 0.269) and I 2 statistics (23.76%) revealed no heterogeneity among the studies considered ( Table 6 ).

Effect of gender on Sport-BID in elite aesthetic athletes.

3.4. Risk of Bias

The NOS scores ranged from 6 to 14 (from 37.5% to 87.5%): the majority of the studies (10 equal to 66.7%) had a moderate risk of bias, and the remaining 5 studies were of low (2 equal to 13%) or high (3 equal to 20%) risk ( Table 1 and Table S2 ). All of the studies clearly stated the aims and used validated measurement tools for BI assessment considered in the ascertainment of the exposure. Twelve studies (80%) provided an adequate description of the sampling procedure, although only three (20%) were carried out on a random sample and three studies reported a response rate. Eight studies (53.3%) controlled for potential confounding factors and twelve studies (80%) clearly described the statistical tests used.

4. Discussion

This study provides an updated literature review for the past ten years regarding BI in adolescent and adult athletes, giving some insight into the variables that could affect the BID. Previous reviews have mainly focused on the perception of BI in the female gender [ 52 ], whereas this review aims to potentially verify this pattern in the male gender as well. Taking into account the serious negative effects of BI disturbance, we conducted the present literature review focusing mainly on BI perception, and general and sport dissatisfactions, obtained as the discrepancy between the actual and general or sport ideal figure on the silhouettes scale, and assessing the influence of gender, type of sport played, level of performance, and weight status.

Based on the 15 studies reviewed, we found a greater BID in female athletes than in male athletes. It is well known from the literature that females are generally more dissatisfied than males and are more likely to prefer thinner silhouettes than men [ 5 , 53 , 54 ]. Although the importance of sports participation in improving the perception and acceptance of one’s body image has been demonstrated [ 55 ], it is not surprising that even among athletes, these gender disparities can be observed [ 7 , 56 ]. From childhood, the female gender seems to be more aware of the effect of body weight on BI than males, resulting in greater dissatisfaction with their appearance than their male peers [ 57 , 58 ]. This different pattern may depend on the greater importance placed by females on aesthetic aspects and the lower importance they place on functional bodily aspects compared to males [ 59 ].

Compared with the non-sports population, athletes are generally believed to be more satisfied because their physique better reflects the ideal characteristics of the Western world (thinness in the female gender, muscularity in the male gender) [ 18 ]. However, comparisons between athletes and non-sports individuals were generally absent in the revised articles, except for the study by de Medeiros Eufrásio et al. [ 34 ], which confirms a lower dissatisfaction with BI in athletes than in sedentary people. In general, a positive influence of physical activity on psychological characteristics (such as self-esteem) related to positive BI has been reported in the literature [ 55 , 60 ]. However, this pattern could depend on the type of sport practiced, reaching higher values of dissatisfaction in the athletes of aesthetic/lean sports than non-aesthetic/non-lean sports [ 61 , 62 ]. In other words, the BID seems to be higher in individuals who participate in weight-sensitive sports, such as aesthetic (e.g., gymnastics), weight class (e.g., boxing), gravitational endurance (e.g., long-distance running), and gravitational technical (e.g., high jump) sports, because weight has a significant influence on performance [ 63 ]. In the present systematic review, sports were found to affect BID differently depending on the sport type. In particular, ballet dancers [ 23 , 30 , 34 ] appeared to be more dissatisfied than athletes in other specialties. Their dissatisfaction was predominantly related to the perception of being overweight [ 30 ] with a greater desire for thinness in female dancers than in male dancers [ 30 , 31 ]. These results confirm the particular attitude of dancers toward body dissatisfaction reported in the literature and the possible subsequent risk of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia [ 64 , 65 ]. Although the sports considered in this review were mainly aesthetic, we could verify a different body IBI between athletes practicing some sports such as gymnastics, dancing, skating, and cheerleading compared to bodybuilding and soccer. While the athletes’ dissatisfaction in the first group of sports leads to a desire for a leaner and more slender body, especially in elite female rhythmic gymnasts, in the second group of sports, the athlete’s wish is to have a leaner and more muscular shape, especially in bodybuilding [ 32 ]. Another important aspect to consider seems to be the sport level, as higher body satisfaction in high-level athletes has been pointed out in the literature [ 62 , 66 ]. However, this systematic review only indicates a partial confirmation of this trend ([ 28 , 40 ] for athletes in non-leanness sports; [ 35 ] for male athletes), while other studies show the opposite trend ([ 35 ] for elite female athletes; [ 40 ] for elite athletes of leanness sports). Most athletes (especially females) reported pressure from coaches regarding body shape [ 40 , 41 ] to better align with the ideals and norms of that sport, which may result in greater risks of BID and disordered eating behaviors following the literature [ 67 , 68 ].

The literature shows different phenotypes of athletes concerning anthropometric characteristics and body composition (% fat, FM, FFM) related to sport, gender, and competitive level [ 69 , 70 ]. In sports such as rhythmic and artistic gymnastics and figure skating, athletes believe they can achieve higher scores when their body mass and shape conform to a specific body ideal for that given sport [ 71 ]. However, only three of the included studies reported body composition parameters [ 31 , 32 , 34 ], unlike the BMI reported in all 15 studies. In general, a definite association is known between body weight perception and BI, with significant positive correlations between BMI and BID/restrictive eating [ 72 ]. More specifically, lower BMI values were found in aesthetic sports, especially in elite athletes. Therefore, estimates of total body composition, which would be essential for assessing functional mass contributing to strength and power production and thus to performance [ 70 ], are lacking, therefore preventing us from considering these important characteristics in this review.

Another important aspect to consider concerns the possible differences between the general BID and sport-specific dissatisfaction that is influenced by the ideal shape and size for that sport [ 15 ], especially in aesthetic sports [ 73 ]. Gymnasts, for example, seem confident that “thin is going to win” rather than “thin is beautiful” [ 74 ]. Since the perfect body for the best performance in a specific sport does not always match the body ideal in society [ 75 ], a misunderstanding in the assessment and interpretation of an athlete’s BID can result when BI in the athletic context is not separately recorded compared to general BI. Although the athlete’s perception of the body may depend on the context in which he or she is [ 49 ], only three studies among those reviewed collected BI data separately to obtain both BID and sport-BID [ 23 , 40 , 48 ]. Two other studies among those included examined the sport-BID alone [ 41 , 49 ] and the remaining studies only considered the general BID. Two of the three studies that evaluated the two different BID types showed higher sport-BID values than the general BID values [ 23 , 48 ], highlighting the athlete’s awareness of having a body figure that fits society’s ideals, but that the ideals for achieving success in sports are more stringent.

Following the systematic review, we tried to obtain a quantitatively pooled estimation from a selected number of studies using meta-analysis. This statistical summary may allow us to reach meta-analytic conclusions on general or sport-BID in athletes by comparing standardized effect sizes across studies according to specific variables (gender; type or level of sport; weight status).

Gender —Based on four samples of athletes of both genders practicing aesthetic sports, we found significant gender differences in general and sport-BID, with female athletes more dissatisfied than male athletes (overall effect size: medium), especially in the case of sport-BID in elite dancers (large effect size). These gender differences are not surprising, as dissatisfaction with BI is a constant in all-female populations, as mentioned above. The effects on sport-BID were found to have low heterogeneity and those on general BID were strongly homogeneous. In the latter case, the degree of heterogeneity was calculated from different subsamples in the same study [ 23 ], unlike the degree of heterogeneity on sport-BID, which was based on four samples from four different studies [ 36 , 48 , 49 ].

Sport type and level —Meta-analyses based on three specific available studies showed a non-significant small effect size, indicating that sport type (aesthetic vs. non-aesthetic sports) and level (elite vs. non-elite level) led to changes in BID. In this case, the non-significance could also depend on low power because of the small number of studies considered. Greater BID was found in aesthetic and elite-level sports in two of three studies. The effect size value obtained falls within the range of the small-to-medium effect already found in some previous reviews on the effect of physical activity on BI [ 52 , 76 ]. Moreover, given the heterogeneity of studies ranging from moderate (competitive level) to substantial (sport type), we sought a plausible interpretation. Examining the three studies, we found that one sample was examined in Portugal [ 36 ], the other in Australia [ 40 ], and the last [ 28 ] is mixed in terms of nationality, including Italian gymnasts and gymnasts from the World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championship. Consequently, ethnic differences between the samples are plausible.

Weight status —Based on two subsamples of underweight and normal-weight female athletes from the study of Borrione et al. [ 28 ], a small significant effect size of weight status on general BID was found, with lower BID in underweight than in normal-weight athletes. The homogeneity between the subsamples is demonstrated by the large overlap between the confidence intervals in the forest plot and by the heterogeneity tests.

Regarding the risk of bias in the studies reviewed, caution should be taken in evaluating the findings, as one-fifth of them are high-risk. The participating athletes were generally not randomly selected and sometimes the sample size was very small (even just 10 athletes) and lacked a control group. The body composition characteristics of athletes have not generally been reported, forcing us to refer only to the BMI, despite the known weaknesses of this index [ 16 , 77 ]. Additionally, in the majority of the studies, BMI was based on uncertain stature and weight data, since these anthropometric measurements were reported by the participants. Moreover, although ethnicity is considered an important variable [ 76 ], we could not assess the influence of athletes’ ethnicity on BID due to the general lack of information in the studies reviewed. Lastly, all but one of the studies we included in this review were cross-sectional, thus not providing the same level of evidence as longitudinal studies.

This systematic review and meta-analysis offered a literature overview of BID in athletes over the past decade, identifying possible literature shortcomings to enhance upcoming research. The strengths of this review include adherence to the PRISMA statement and the inclusion of meta-analyses. To limit the heterogeneity of the methods for assessing BI perception across studies, a specific strength was the exclusive inclusion of studies that assessed BI through figure scales. Despite these strengths, a few limitations should be mentioned. The decision to conduct a literature review that only refers to the last 10 years can be seen as a limitation, even though this has made it possible to follow a criterion of greater homogeneity in body ideals while avoiding possible trends over time with changes in ideal beauty. In this regard, the impact that the recent widespread use of social media seems to have on body ideals should be emphasized [ 78 ]. Two clear limitations are the review of articles in English only and the search for articles limited to only two major databases (PubMed and Web of Science). Finally, due to the heterogeneity of the methodologies used in different research, a small number of studies were used in the meta-analyses, causing possible limitations in the interpretation of the results. More generally, further limitations depend on the limitations of the studies reviewed, as previously pointed out.

Future research using more robust study designs with a clear differentiation between general and sport BID will allow progress in a better understanding of the BI perception and body ideals in the athlete by analyzing mediating and moderating variables.

5. Conclusions

Body image is an important component of athletes’ health. Poor body image can lead to negative consequences, including eating disorders. The descriptive data in this systematic review and the small size for the effects of sport type and level on body image observed with the meta-analysis suggest that a consistent BID represents a general characteristic of the athlete in aesthetic sports. Female athletes at a high level especially tend to perceive their bodies to be not quite adequate in terms of the model needed to achieve success in sports, and are generally unsatisfied with their BI in sports, but not in the social context in which they live.

We strongly suggest promoting programs aimed at lowering the risk of disordered eating, such as nutritional counseling and sports counseling, following the recommendations of the World Health Organization, fostering the development of self-esteem and positive BI.

Supplementary Materials

The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ijerph20065228/s1 : Table S1: Prisma 2020 Checklist; Table S2: Assessment of risk of bias of included studies by NOS (score: 0–16, with higher scores indicating lower risk of bias). Each item is followed by its range. Reference [ 79 ] is cited in the supplementary materials.

Funding Statement

This research received no external funding.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, E.G.-R. and L.Z.; methodology, E.G.-R. and L.Z.; formal analysis, L.Z.; investigation, E.G.-R. and L.Z.; data curation, E.G.-R. and L.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, E.G.-R. and L.Z.; writing—review and editing, E.G.-R. and L.Z.; supervision, E.G.-R.; project administration, E.G.-R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Body Image Issues and Eating Disorders in Sport and Exercise Research Paper

Introduction.

Nutritional needs usually vary with age, sex, profession and many other factors (Dana, 2000, p.2). Different people in different times or conditions require specific diets so that their bodies can function as expected during that time. For example, at different stages of a baby’s growth, nutritional needs also vary.

The same case applies to people in the profession of modelling, where diet is the greatest thing to watch out lest you want to be disqualified (Novick, 1999, p.5150). People in sports are no exception since nutrition is also very dear to them hence the need for a sport’s nutritionist to give proper advice on the stipulated diet. This is due to the fact that sports are physical activities involving most of the energy loss from the body.

Background Information

For sports people to perform well in their activities they have to be under the required diet (Dana, 2000, p.1). Thus, nutritionists come in to advise them on their bodies’ requirements before, during and after performance. Past research has indicated that most sports people have turned to the use of supplements in addition to food mostly because of the limited time they have.

In some cases, this may result to abuse of the supplements which results to various side effects. Other than this, most sports people suffer from a number of eating disorders. Some of these eating disorders include bulimia or anorexia nervosa (Novick, 1999, p.5150).

Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder leads to low intake of food by an individual. It is a syndrome that not only occurs in sports people but may also occur in expectant women, invalids, depressed and stressed individuals. On the other hand, bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that increases appetite in an individual such that he or she overeats.

Most of the people who have this syndrome take the food after which they force themselves to vomit afterwards. This research is therefore of great importance in the field of Kinesiology which studies how the nutritional intake of an individual relates to the body movements (Picard, 1999, p.587).

Theoretical framework

Human beings are said to be social animals who involve in a number of activities in their day to day life. As people socialise, they learn a lot from their fellows and the experience they undergo. This is what defines the social cognitive theory in human beings. The sports people are no exception in this since their profession gives them room to meet and interact with so many people.

However, self efficacy and perception is required during these interactions where an individual is able to trust their own actions as well as welcoming any form of motivation accorded to them. Such people will have inside motivation hence their performance will be better than those who lack self efficacy who will in most instances avoid the sport and attribute the poor performance to inability.

The achievement goal theory can thus be used as a theoretical framework where proper diet will be provided to the sports people thereafter monitoring their body image and performance. This framework will also be connected to the self determination theory since the study group will be monitored for any changes in the zeal and stamina to perform. A correlation of the performance and eating habits of the sports people will be done and especially those with eating disorders.

• Are there any significant differences in the body image perception between the sports and non-sports people?
• Is there a correlation between the nutritional intake and body image of sports people?
• What is the importance of body image among the sports people?

These are some of the questions that are to be answered after conducting this research.

Results of various studies done on body image and eating disorders among sports people

For a long time, the field of sports technology had been neglected until recently when sports began being recognised as part of economical development of any nation. This therefore made so many researchers to venture into this field to uncover any obstacles in a bid to improving sports in general.

Some of the researchers specialised in the diet of the sports people so as to find out if and how it affected their performance. Others ventured into research based on body image perception between gender types. All the research done was of help to the athletes’ federation as the results got could be used to advance the sport technology round the globe.

Just like the other professionals, people in the sports profession have their own different conception about body image (Fox, 1997, p.1). The body image perception further breaks down into gender type and the different types of sports.

A study carried out on the correlation of gender and participation in sports indicated that most female athletes developed a high esteem with regards to their bodies and themselves. This as a result made them view themselves to have higher masculinity as compared to their fellow females who did not participate in athletes (Long, 2002, p.3).

Body image is therefore very important in sports people as it acts as the motivating factor in their profession. As mentioned above that most sports will admit people on the basis of their body mass and weight, it becomes therefore necessary for an individual to watch out on the type of diet they need so as to have the desired body image (Ciervo, 1998, p.1901).

Another research based on a test model that specified the perceptions of body image in the two genders participating in sports showed that females in the aged 18 to 22 had a positive perception on their physical competence after exercises (Zucker, 1999, p.210). This therefore indicated it was worth educating females of this age other than men since they had a positive view of the outcome. It can also be argued out that during this age specification, the females tend to be more concerned about their body images.

The body image of an individual speaks so much about the person. Therefore in circumstances where one is not contended on their body image then psychological problems arise (Baum, 2006, p.23). These problems may have been brought about by poor eating habits in a bid to achieve a desired body shape or weight. As a matter of fact eating disorders play the greatest role in problems arising about body image. This is because eating disorders lead to a disorder known as the Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

The body dysmorphic disorder is a change in the body structure and appearance of an individual that in the end leads to distress and at times reduced functionality of the individual. This is very crucial to the sports people as effects in their functionality leads to an automatic decline in performance of the sport (Long, 2002, p.3).

Some of the factors that may lead to eating disorders in sports people include the following;

• Performance pressure- This comes about when the people participating in sports are expected to perform in them. This may negatively influence an individual making them to concentrate on performance while neglecting their diet (Zucker, 1999, p.210).
• When there is a misconception between body mass and performance- Some people in different sports may have the wrong conception on the relation of weight and resulting performance. For example a heavy weight doing athletes may have the notion that only light bodied individuals are eligible in this sport. This as a result may make such a person suffer from anorexia nervosa by declining food in a bid to achieving a slender body.
• Weight based sports- Some sports like wrestling, boxing, taekwondo and others admit people on weight basis. An individual may thus be influenced by such a factor if at all they want to join such sports.
• Demand in energy- Most sports require energy to perform, as a result most sports people may decide to be on an energy giving diet only hence neglecting the other food types.

Another potential cause of eating disorders among the sports people is the influence from peers who their judgement on body image may affect the eating habits of an individual. Close relation with people who have eating disorders may also be a potential influence, like in the cases of models who work to be size twelve by eating poorly.

Despite all these, with a strong social support network within the sports people eating disorders may be an easy task to work on. This is because people will encourage those with poor eating habits by educating them on the possible effects of eating disorders as well as the benefits of proper diet in sports and health.

Effects of eating disorders

The sports people are greatly affected by poor eating habits hence the need for a sports nutritionist to advise them (Ciervo, 1998, p.1901). The major effect is decreased performance in the sport. For example, a boxer who has a lesser body mass is most often out done by those with higher body mass who may be a little bit stronger as compared to them.

Another effect is disqualification from the sport participants which have great people who rely on sports to bread win their families. Last but not least is the psychological distress that accompanies unacceptable body image. The depression reverses back to the poor performance in the sport (Shelby, 2000, p.3292).

Prevention of eating disorders

Eating disorders may be prevented by frequently educating the sports people on the effects and possible dangers of the syndromes (Baum, 2006, p.23). It is also advisable that the nutritionist in charge watch out for the possible patients of these conditions. This can be done before, during and even once the performances have been completed.

It is a tradition that all sports people are checked on possibility of being under the influence of drugs or over intake of supplements (Sherwood, 2002, p.341). This is usually done with the intention of making sure that the sports people are under the appropriate diet. These syndromes have no medication as a form of treatment. Instead the only person who can eradicate it is the patient himself but after guidance from a psychiatrist or nutritionist.

Most studies done have also shown that eating disorders are common in the females more than they are in males. This is because females are very sensitive on any changes in their bodies. Their male counterparts care less and only get concerned once they have been asked to (Smolak, 2000, p.372). Because of this, it is thus necessary to put more emphasis on the male sports people who show little concern. By doing this, the whole sports team will be empowered with knowledge hence improving the general performance of the sport.

The above discussion gives a clear indication of how serious the matter on eating disorders may be on the sports people. Most sports people also want to fit in the contemporary world and not the sports sector only (Katharine, 2004, p.1). As a result there is confusion on what body image to acquire depending on their priorities.

This commonly happens in female athletes who may want to retain their feminine image yet they want to participate in the sport. Further research has also shown that eating disorders among the sports people is not only individual based but at times the coaches play a significant role. The coaches may disregard people with certain body images and in turn greatly affect their eating habits.

Recent studies have also indicated that the situation at hand on eating disorders in sports people is now taking control. It has been found out that eating disorders have now shifted from the athletes to the non-athletes.

The main reason behind this is because of the high concentration on sports people so as to make sure their eating habits are up to date, while neglecting the other group of people. So much has been invested in the name of making sure the sports people get the proper nutritional guidance especially in nations that value sports (Katharine, 2004, p.1). This assumption is what has led to the current position of nutrition among people globally.

Reference List

Baum, A. (2006). Eating Disorders in the male Athlete. Web.

Ciervo, L. (1998). Relationship between family environment and eating Disorders among female student-athletes. Dissertation Abstracts International . Vol 59, (6-A). p.1901.

Dana, J. (2000). Impact of Sports on adolescent development. Web.

Katharine, P. (2004). Body dysmrphic disorder: recognizing and treating imagined ugliness . Web.

Long, B. (2002). Eating Disorders in Athletes. Web.

Novick, R. (1999). A comparison of self-esteem, gender role orientation, and body image in adolescent female athletes and nonathletic. Dissertation Abstracts International. Vol 59(9-B), p.5150.

Picard, L. (1999). The level of competition as a factor for the development of eating disorders in female collegiate athletes. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 28 , pp.583-594.

Sherwood, N et al (2002). Weight-related sports involvement in girls: Who is at risk? for disordered eating? American Journal of Health Promotion, 16 , 341-344.

Shelby, S. (2000). Athletes‟ risk of developing eating disorders. Dissertation Abstracts International. Vol 61(6-B). p3292.

Smolak, L. et al (2000). Female athletes and eating problems: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27 , pp.371-380.

Fox, K. (1997). Body Image. Web.

Zucker, N. et al (1999). Protective factors for eating disorders in female college athletes. The Journal of Treatment & Prevention of Eating Disorders: vol 7 , pp.207-218.

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I was a Divison III college athlete. Years later, I now see how it ruined my body and my college experience.

• As a high school jock, I couldn't imagine not playing sports in college.
• But at my Division III college, I was forced to focus too much on my sports. 
• After injuring myself for life, I regret being a college athlete. 

I love sports . If you give me a ball and an open field, I'll play for hours. Give me wings and a TV with a game, that's all I need.

My love for sports started when I was young, and I developed my passion as a high school jock . I decided to continue that passion in college when I enrolled in a Division III school. There, I played both soccer and track and field.

But I didn't love my time playing sports in college . In fact, I wish I hadn't played in college at all.

Collegiate athletics was less competitive than I thought

On my first day of soccer preseason my freshman year , I was nervous my new team would eat me for lunch. But once we scrimmaged, I discovered I was among the best players. I hadn't expected it.

I thought playing in college meant playing at a higher level of competition than I ever had, but some players on my team would have ridden the bench at my high school .

I chalked up the level of play to Division III, but I at least thought if the play wasn't as competitive as I had hoped, the team would be more committed since we were actively choosing to continue our athletic careers. But there was never any intensity in our drills or fire in our practices.

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On my team, soccer felt more like an unwanted activity than a conscious commitment. We couldn't even keep people from quitting throughout the season.

I put too much pressure on myself and ruined my college experience

As captain of the soccer and track and field teams — which finished poorly in the conference standings — I felt I had to do something to improve us.

And I tried, but the truth is I tried too hard and gave too much to my teams. That means I didn't study abroad in college because I played sports every semester. I didn't make deep friendships with people in my classes because I had a schedule that didn't allow it. I didn't even party the way I should have. I sacrificed my last chance just to be a kid trying new things and meeting new people because I was too worried about giving my best to a college athletic department that wasn't giving its best to me. I wish I understood that leading my peers wasn't my responsibility.

I spent half my nights in college lying wide awake, replaying practice repeatedly in my head. My worries were never about soccer or track. Instead, I agonized over intense personal dynamics that I was too young and inexperienced to navigate.

Naively, I thought all of this would lead to a better job. But in the corporate world, no one cared about my leadership experience of captaining two college teams. Once I became a manager at a Fortune 500 company, I was dogged by the turbulence and failure I had experienced as a college athlete and struggled to find the confidence to lead a team in the real world.

The physical cost also wasn't worth it

Because I felt a responsibility to improve our teams, I physically pushed myself too hard. During my freshman soccer season , I played every minute of every game and took nearly all our free kicks.

I had pain, but I played through it. I ended up with an overuse injury that nearly ended my athletic career, cost me my sophomore year of soccer and track, and caused me to take toxic amounts of ibuprofen.

After graduation, I never got to compete in the triathlons I always imagined I would because my injury still flares up. I've had to pick hiking over marathons. I've chosen running with my kids over playing in adult soccer leagues. I've found a way to have an active life , but not a pain-free one, and I never will.

I wish I didn't do college sports

As a mom, I don't know exactly what I would tell my daughters if either one of them said they wanted to play in college. I probably would tell them about my experiences and allow them to make an educated choice.

I know there is more than one way to keep playing, and it doesn't have to be at the collegiate level. Local adult leagues, even semi-pro could have been a better option for me, and someday may be a better option for my children.

Either way, playing in college is an experience, but mine cost more than it should.

Watch: PepsiCo used the UEFA Champions League tournament to simultaneously celebrate both female and male athletes

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Cries of Sexism Greet a Nike Olympic Reveal

The sporting giant offered a sneak peek at its track and field outfits for Team U.S.A., and an unexpected backlash ensued.

By Vanessa Friedman

Ever since the Norwegian women’s beach handball team turned the fact that they were required to wear teeny-tiny bikini bottoms for competition into a cause célèbre, a quiet revolution has been brewing throughout women’s sports. It’s one that questions received conventions about what female athletes do — or don’t — have to wear to perform at their very best.

It has touched women’s soccer (why white shorts?), gymnastics (why not a unitard rather than a leotard?), field hockey (why a low-cut tank top?) and many more, including running.

So it probably should not have come as a shock to Nike that when it offered a sneak peek of the Team U.S.A. track and field unies during a Nike Air event in Paris celebrating its Air technology on Thursday (which also included looks for other Olympic athletes, like Kenya’s track and field team, France’s basketball team and Korea’s break dancing delegation), they were met with some less-than-enthusiastic reactions.

See, the two uniforms Nike chose to single out on the mannequins included a men’s compression tank top and mid-thigh-length compression shorts and a woman’s bodysuit, cut notably high on the hip. It looked sort of like a sporty version of a 1980s workout leotard. As it was displayed, the bodysuit seemed as if it would demand some complicated intimate grooming.

Citius Mag , which focuses on running news, posted a photo of the uniforms on Instagram, and many of its followers were not amused.

“What man designed the woman’s cut?” wrote one.

“I hope U.S.A.T.F. is paying for the bikini waxes,” wrote another. So went most of the more than 1,900 comments.

The running comedian Laura Green posted an Instagram reel in which she pretended to be trying on the look (“We’re feeling pretty, um, breezy,” she said) and checking out the rest of the athlete’s kit bag, which turned out to include hair spray, lip gloss and a “hysterectomy kit,” so the women would not have to worry about periods.

When asked, Nike did not address the brouhaha directly, but according to John Hoke, the chief innovation officer, the woman’s bodysuit and the man’s shorts and top are only two of the options Nike will have for its Olympic runners. There are “nearly 50 unique pieces across men’s and women’s and a dozen competition styles fine-tuned for specific events,” Mr. Hoke said.

Women will be able to opt for compression shorts, a crop top or tank and a bodysuit with shorts rather than bikini bottoms. The full slate of looks was not on hand in Paris but more will be revealed next week at the U.S. Olympic Committee media summit in New York. The Paris reveal was meant to be a teaser.

Mr. Hoke also pointed out that Nike consults with a large number of athletes at every stage of the uniform design. Its track and field roster includes Sha’Carri Richardson, who happened to be wearing the compression shorts during the Paris presentation, and Athing Mu. And there are certainly runners who like the high-cut brief. (The British Olympic sprinter Dina Asher-Smith , another Nike athlete, told The New York Times last summer that while she opts to run in briefs, she also leans toward a leotard style, rather than a two-piece.)

What Nike missed, however, was that in choosing those two looks as the primary preview for Team U.S.A., rather than, say, the matching shorts and tanks that will be also available, it shored up a longstanding inequity in sports — one that puts the body of a female athlete on display in a way it does not for the male athlete.

“Why are we presenting this sexualized outfit as the standard of excellence?” said Lauren Fleshman, a U.S. national champion distance runner and the author of “Good for a Girl.” “In part because we think that’s what nets us the most financial gain from sponsors or NIL opportunities, most of which are handed out by powerful men or people looking at it through a male gaze. But women are breaking records with ratings in sports where you don’t have to wear essentially a bathing suit to perform.”

The problem such imagery creates is twofold. When Nike chose to reveal the high-cut bodysuit as the first Olympics outfit, purposefully or not, the implication for anyone watching is that “this is what excellence looks like,” Ms. Fleshman said.

That perception filters down to young athletes and becomes the model girls think they have to adopt, often at a developmental stage when their relationships with their bodies are particularly fraught.

And more broadly, given the current political debate around adjudicating women’s bodies, it reinforces the idea that they are public property.

Still, Ms. Fleshman said, “I’m glad Nike put this image out as the crown jewel of Olympic Team design,” because it may act as the catalyst for another conversation that has been long overdue.

“If you showed this outfit to someone from the W.N.B.A. or women’s soccer, they would laugh in your face,” she said. “We shouldn’t have to normalize it for track and field anymore. Time’s up on that.”

Vanessa Friedman has been the fashion director and chief fashion critic for The Times since 2014. More about Vanessa Friedman

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Zion Williamson injury: Pelicans star out for Play-In game vs. Kings with hamstring strain

Williamson was having an extraordinary play-in game vs. the lakers before he had to head to the locker room.

New Orleans Pelicans star Zion Williamson  suffered a left hamstring strain and could miss the next two weeks, including the team's win-or-go-home Play-In Tournament game Friday against the Sacramento Kings , the team announced . Williamson suffered the injury late in the fourth quarter of the Pelicans' 110-106 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round of the Play-In Tournament on Tuesday. 

An MRI taken Wednesday morning confirmed the injury as Williamson will be re-examined in approximately two weeks. 

With just over three minutes remaining, Williamson drove inside for a tough bucket that tied the game and gave him 40 points on the night. He grimaced as soon as he landed, however, and motioned to the bench for a substitution. At the next timeout, he hobbled back to the locker room and did not return. 

Here's the play where Williamson injured himself. 

40 POINTS now for Zion in the #SoFiPlayIn ! https://t.co/ZFtcV3tLt0 pic.twitter.com/wtGR2vzY65 — NBA (@NBA) April 17, 2024

Williamson finished with 40 points, 11 rebounds and five assists. He was exploding to the rim both in the half-court and in transition, seeking out slivers of space and bulldozing through them for finishes of equal parts force and finesse. 

He defended all night, too, standing up LeBron James with a live dribble on multiple occasions. He was on a clear mission. And he was delivering. And then, in a blink, just when it looked like he was about to lead the Pelicans to a dramatic comeback victory, his night, and the Pelicans' shot at the 7 seed, ended. 

If you want to look at the glass half full as a Pelicans fan, winning this game wouldn't have brought much of a reward -- unless you consider playing, and very likely losing to, the Nuggets in the first round sounds like fun. The Pelicans are now playing with fire in a one-game elimination with the Kings, but if they can get out of that with a win, they will play the Thunder in the first round. 

The Thunder are no picnic, but they're not the Nuggets. That would be a more winnable series for the Pels, but only if they have Williamson available. Per Wojnarowski, Williamson is to be re-evaluated in the coming weeks, which suggests that even if the Pelicans get to the first round, it may be a long shot for him to play. 

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An NPR editor who wrote a critical essay on the company has resigned after being suspended

FILE - The headquarters for National Public Radio (NPR) stands on North Capitol Street on April 15, 2013, in Washington. A National Public Radio editor who wrote an essay criticizing his employer for promoting liberal reviews resigned on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, a day after it was revealed that he had been suspended. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak, File)

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NEW YORK (AP) — A National Public Radio editor who wrote an essay criticizing his employer for promoting liberal views resigned on Wednesday, attacking NPR’s new CEO on the way out.

Uri Berliner, a senior editor on NPR’s business desk, posted his resignation letter on X, formerly Twitter, a day after it was revealed that he had been suspended for five days for violating company rules about outside work done without permission.

“I cannot work in a newsroom where I am disparaged by a new CEO whose divisive views confirm the very problems” written about in his essay, Berliner said in his resignation letter.

Katherine Maher, a former tech executive appointed in January as NPR’s chief executive, has been criticized by conservative activists for social media messages that disparaged former President Donald Trump. The messages predated her hiring at NPR.

NPR’s public relations chief said the organization does not comment on individual personnel matters.

The suspension and subsequent resignation highlight the delicate balance that many U.S. news organizations and their editorial employees face. On one hand, as journalists striving to produce unbiased news, they’re not supposed to comment on contentious public issues; on the other, many journalists consider it their duty to critique their own organizations’ approaches to journalism when needed.

In his essay , written for the online Free Press site, Berliner said NPR is dominated by liberals and no longer has an open-minded spirit. He traced the change to coverage of Trump’s presidency.

“There’s an unspoken consensus about the stories we should pursue and how they should be framed,” he wrote. “It’s frictionless — one story after another about instances of supposed racism, transphobia, signs of the climate apocalypse, Israel doing something bad and the dire threat of Republican policies. It’s almost like an assembly line.”

He said he’d brought up his concerns internally and no changes had been made, making him “a visible wrong-thinker at a place I love.”

In the essay’s wake, NPR top editorial executive, Edith Chapin, said leadership strongly disagreed with Berliner’s assessment of the outlet’s journalism and the way it went about its work.

It’s not clear what Berliner was referring to when he talked about disparagement by Maher. In a lengthy memo to staff members last week, she wrote: “Asking a question about whether we’re living up to our mission should always be fair game: after all, journalism is nothing if not hard questions. Questioning whether our people are serving their mission with integrity, based on little more than the recognition of their identity, is profoundly disrespectful, hurtful and demeaning.”

Conservative activist Christopher Rufo revealed some of Maher’s past tweets after the essay was published. In one tweet, dated January 2018, Maher wrote that “Donald Trump is a racist.” A post just before the 2020 election pictured her in a Biden campaign hat.

In response, an NPR spokeswoman said Maher, years before she joined the radio network, was exercising her right to express herself. She is not involved in editorial decisions at NPR, the network said.

The issue is an example of what can happen when business executives, instead of journalists, are appointed to roles overseeing news organizations: they find themselves scrutinized for signs of bias in ways they hadn’t been before. Recently, NBC Universal News Group Chairman Cesar Conde has been criticized for service on paid corporate boards.

Maher is the former head of the Wikimedia Foundation. NPR’s own story about the 40-year-old executive’s appointment in January noted that she “has never worked directly in journalism or at a news organization.”

In his resignation letter, Berliner said that he did not support any efforts to strip NPR of public funding. “I respect the integrity of my colleagues and wish for NPR to thrive and do important journalism,” he wrote.

David Bauder writes about media for The Associated Press. Follow him at http://twitter.com/dbauder

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Marco luis, aka monster, ‘most shredded bodybuilder ever,’ dead at 46.

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Portuguese bodybuilder Marco Cesar Aguiar Luis, better known as “Monster,” died in Germany. 

He was 46 years old. 

Luis’ wife, Mariza Luis, confirmed the news in a Facebook post, according to the Daily Mail , in which she paid tribute to her husband and asked for privacy during her time of grieving. 

The bodybuilder had gained a large following on his social media channels, with his Instagram account boasting 25,000 followers, and worked as a online coach and motivator. 

“I’m not into publications, let alone of this sort, but after so many messages, YES, I can confirm that Marco has died in Cologne, in Germany,” Mariza Luis wrote on Facebook. “He was in his ‘paradise’ doing what he loved,'” she wrote of the muscleman. “Thank you in advance for all the support I’ve received, you’ve been tireless.” 

She wrote that since he had died in another country it would take a few days for his body to be released to her. 

“I ask for everyone’s understanding at this difficult time and please I ask for RESPECT!” she continued. “Marco may have had his own way of thinking and acting but he was a humble person and never hurt anyone.”

The cause of his death has not been revealed and Luis became just the latest bodybuilder to die. 

Late last month, influencer and powerlifting champion Rhayara Morais was found dead in her apartment. 

Luis had called bodybuilding “his life and passion” on various social media platforms and had dubbed himself the “most shredded bodybuilder ever.”

In an emotional tribute on social media, Flavio Gouveia paid tribute to Luis. 

“We trained many times together, we did great workouts together, you were always a good-willed, cheerful person, fighting for your dreams, and you always thought about helping others, you never gave up on your dreams, to train and grow, it was what you loved to do! My condolences to your wife Marco Luis Monstro,” he wrote. 

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Ford recalls over 450,000 vehicles in US for issue that could affect battery, NHTSA says

Ford is recalling over 450,000 vehicles in the United States because of an issue that could affect the battery, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said in a notice published Tuesday.

The recall affects certain 2021-2024 Bronco Sport and 2022-2023 Maverick vehicles. The NHTSA said the body and power train control modules on these vehicles may fail to detect a change in the battery state of charge, which can result in a loss of electrical accessories such as hazard lights, or cause a loss of drive power, increasing the risk of a crash.

The NHTSA notices says dealers will recalibrate the body control module and power train control module free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed May 13, 2024, and owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332 for more information. The recall number is 24S24.

Owners may also contact the NHTSA Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 or go to nhtsa.gov for more information.

Ford recall on Bronco Sport, Escape models over fuel leak

Federal auto regulators also recently announced a probe into a Ford recall  of nearly 42,652 automobiles following an error with cracked fuel injectors they say can cause gas leaks and ignite engine fires.

In a summary report released last week, the NHTSA wrote it was opening an investigation into a recall that affects 2022-2023 Bronco Sport and 2022 Escape vehicles.

According to the federal investigation announcement , owners can take their vehicle to a Ford or Lincoln dealer to have a drain tube installed in the vehicle at no cost.

The remedy also includes a free engine control software update to detect a pressure drop in the fuel injection system, the federal regulator reported. Should that occur, the software will disable the high pressure fuel pump, reduce engine power and cut temps in the engine compartment. Owners also will get a "seek service" message, documents show.

Ford's number for this recall is 24S16. The recall is an expansion of previous recall: 22V-859. For more information, owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332.

Contributing: Ahjané Forbes, USA TODAY

Gabe Hauari is a national trending news reporter at USA TODAY. You can follow him on X  @GabeHauari  or email him at [email protected].