how to cite a magazine article in an essay

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Citation Styles: A Brief Guide to APA, MLA and Turabian

• Magazine Articles
• Journal Articles

Citing Magazine Articles

• Newspaper Articles
• Government Publications
• Other Materials
• In Text Citations
• Sample Bibliography: APA
• Sample Bibliography: MLA
• Sample Bibliography: Turabian
• Creating an Annotated Bibliography This link opens in a new window

MAGAZINE ARTICLES

The basic format for citing a magazine article is similar to the journal format. Required information includes author’s name, article title, name of the magazine, date of issue, and inclusive page numbers. Some magazines may include volume numbers. None of the three styles require those for magazines citations. Turabian recommends against citing page numbers for magazine articles since article pagination is often not continuous.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE – ONE AUTHOR

The example is based on an article published in the magazine Food Talk. The article, “Blue Green Algae – It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway? was written by author Mack Roe Biotek and was published in the September 28, 1992, issue of the magazine on pages 27-32.

Biotek, M.R. (1992, September 28). Blue green algae – It’s a main course, it’s a shampoo, it’s a floor wax – What is this stuff anyway? Food Talk , 27-32.

Biotek, Mack Roe. “Blue Green Algae – It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway?” Food Talk, 28 Sept. 1992, pp. 27-32.

Biotek, Mack Roe. “Blue Green Algae – It’s a Main Course, It’s a Shampoo, It’s a Floor Wax – What Is This Stuff Anyway?” Food Talk , September 28, 1992.

MAGAZINE ARTICLE FROM ONLINE FULL-TEXT DATABASE

The example is an article published by author Almonda Chickpea in the magazine Nutrition Around Us entitled “Original Tofu Recipes With a Bit of a Kick.” The article appeared on pages 43-52 of the April 15, 2008, issue of the magazine. It was retrieved from the online database FoodSearch Online on August 18, 2008. The magazine is not available on the Internet and the article has not been assigned a DOI. Note: APA advises that it is generally not necessary to provide retrieval information for journal articles pulled from databases, since coverage in the database might change. When no DOI or website is available, the citation will take the format of the print journal article.

Chickpea, A. (2008, April 15). Original tofu recipes with a bit of a kick. Nutrition Around Us , 43-52.

Chickpea, Almonda. “Original Tofu Recipes With a Bit of a Kick.” Nutrition Around Us, 15 Apr. 2008, pp. 43-52. FoodSearch Online,  www.foodsearchonline.com/tofu041508.html. Accessed  18 Aug. 2008.

Chickpea, Almonda. “Original Tofu Recipes With a Bit of a Kick.” Nutrition Around Us , April 15, 2008. http://www.foodsearchonline.com/tofu041508.html (accessed August 18, 2008).

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MLA Citation Guide (9th Edition): Magazine Articles

• What Kind of Source Is This?
• Advertisements
• Books, eBooks & Pamphlets
• Book Reviews
• Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
• Government Documents
• Images, Artwork, Charts, Graphs & Tables
• Interviews and Emails (Personal Communications)
• Journal Articles
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Primary Sources
• Religious Texts
• Social Media
• Videos & DVDs
• In-Text Citation
• Works Quoted in Another Source
• No Author, No Date etc.
• Works Cited List & Sample Paper
• Annotated Bibliography
• Powerpoint Presentations

On This Page: Magazines

Magazine article from a library database - one author, magazine article from a library database - two authors, magazine article from a library database - unknown author, magazine article from a website, magazine article in print - one author, magazine article in print - two authors, magazine article in print - unknown author, in-text citation for two or more authors/editors, citing three or more authors, abbreviating months.

In your works cited list, abbreviate months as follows: 

January = Jan. February = Feb. March = Mar. April = Apr. May = May June = June July = July August = Aug. September = Sept. October = Oct. November = Nov. December = Dec.

Spell out months fully in the body of your paper. 

How Can I Tell if it's a Magazine?

Photo courtesy of Flickr by Manoj Jacob. Available under a Creative Commons license.

Not sure whether your article is from a magazine? Look for these characteristics:

Popular magazines:

• Main purpose is to entertain, sell products or promote a viewpoint.
• Appeal to the general public.
• Often have many photos and illustrations, as well as many advertisements.
• Author may or may not have subject expertise.
• Name and credentials of authors often NOT provided.
• Articles tend to be short –less than 5 pages
• Unlikely to have a bibliography or references list

Trade magazines:

• Main purpose is to update and inform readers on current trends in a specific industry or trade.
• Audience is members of a specific industry or trade or professors and students in that trade or industry
• May have photos and numerous advertisements, but still assume that readers understand specific jargon of the profession.
• Usually published by an association.
• Authors are professionals working in the specific industry or trade.

Articles may also come from  journals  or  newspapers.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Title of Magazine,  vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number, Date of Publication, pp. Page Numbers. Name of Database. 

 Note:  While MLA 9th edition recommends including URLs, Columbia College Library recommends that URLs be left out when citing a work found in a library database. This is because most URLs from library databases will stop working after the session ends. If your instructor requires a URL, look for the "Permalink" icon in the article description and place the URL generated after the name of the database. 

Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Title of Magazine,  vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number,  Date of Publication, pp. Page Numbers. Name of Database.

  Note:  Only the first author's name appears in "Last Name, First Name" format. The second author's name appears in "First Name Last Name" format. 

"Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Title of Magazine, vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number,  Date of Publication, pp. Page Numbers. Name of Database. 

 Note: If the author is unknown, begin the citation with the title of the article.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any."  Title of Magazine,  Date of publication, URL. Accessed Day Month Year site was visited .

  Note:  If the magazine article has two authors, follow the same author format as shown in the sections on  Magazine Article From a Library Database - Two Authors  or  Magazine Article in Print - Two Authors  (i.e.  Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name)

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Title of Magazine, vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number,  Date of Publication, pp. Page Numbers. 

Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Title of Magazine, vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number,  Date of Publication, pp. Page Numbers. 

"Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Title of Magazine,  vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number,  Date of Publication, pp. Page Numbers. 

If there are three or more authors, cite only the name of the first author listed with their Last Name, First Name followed by a comma et al.

Example: Smith, James, et al.

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Citation Guide: How to cite MAGAZINES

• Citing Sources
• Basics of MLA Citations
• How to cite BOOKS, eBOOKS, CHAPTERS
• How to cite ENCYCLOPEDIAS
• How to cite JOURNALS
• How to cite MAGAZINES
• How to cite NEWSPAPERS
• How to cite WEBSITES
• MLA Style, 9th Edition Overview
• Basics of APA Citations
• In-Text Citations
• How to cite MAGAZINES/ JOURNALS
• APA, 7th Edition
• Annotated Bibliography
• Useful Online Resources
• Research Paper Help
• Citing Visual Content

How to Cite PRINT MAGAZINES

MLA  Magazine Article Citation

• Examples are not double-spaced, but your Works Cited list should be double-spaced.
• Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but yours should be indented.

Author's Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. "Title of Article." Name of Magazine , Day Month Year, Pages. 

Matesi, Ann. "Living Well." Professional Builder , Dec. 2001, pp. 40-50. 

Mead, Walter Russell. "The Debt We Owe the Dutch." Newsweek , 27 Apr. 2009, p. 39. 

How to Cite ONLINE MAGAZINES

MLA ONLINE Magazine Article Citations

• Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but your should be indented.

Author's Last Name, First Name Middle initial. "Title of Article." Name of Magazine , Day Month Year, pages, Link. Date of access.

Mantel, Barbara. "Business Bankruptcy." CQ Researcher ,   10 Apr. 2009, https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2009041000.   Accessed 23 Mar. 2023.

Barger, Theresa Sullivan. "Munro Shoes-Made in America." Saturday Evening Post , May/June 2009, pp. 30-33, https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2009/04/munro-shoesmade-america/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2023.

Elaine Reeves - Online Learning Librarian

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• EXPLORE Random Article

How to Cite a Magazine Article

Last Updated: May 9, 2019 References

This article was co-authored by wikiHow Staff . Our trained team of editors and researchers validate articles for accuracy and comprehensiveness. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. There are 10 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 39,811 times.

Whether you’re writing an essay about puppies or politics, you may need to cite a magazine article as a source. Depending upon the style guide assigned to you by your professor, there are different ways of formatting these citations. Some of the most common style guides are the MLA Handbook, the Chicago Manual of Style, the Turabian citation guide, and the APA style manual. Turabian is a version of the Chicago Manual of Style geared towards students, and citing a magazine article using the two style guides is the same. [1] X Research source By citing a magazine article using your guide’s rules, you can make it easy for your readers to read and understand your work!

Citing in MLA Style

• For example: Jones, Sally.
• If there are multiple authors, list them alphabetically by last name following each with a period. For example: Jones, Sally. Yates, Richard.

• For example: Jones, Sally. “Why Cats Are Great.”

• For example: Jones, Sally. “Why Cats Are Great.” Time ,

• For example: Jones, Sally. “Why Cats Are Great.” Time , 15 Nov. 1995,

• For example: Jones, Sally. “Why Cats Are Great.” Time , 15 Nov. 1995, pp. 20-22.
• If you accessed this article in print, this is your full MLA magazine article citation!

• For example: Jones, Sally. “Why Cats Are Great.” Time , 15 Nov. 1995, pp. 20-22. Academic Search Premier , https://akin.css.edu/login?url=http://time.com/5024401/why-cats-are-great . Accessed 26 Mar. 2016.
• MLA assumes that you access all your online articles through academic databases to ensure they are of scholarly merit.
• For example: I agree that “cats are the world’s smartest animals” (Jones 15).
• If you introduce the quote with the author’s name, simply put the page number in parentheses at the line’s end. For example: I agree with Jones that “cats are the world’s smartest animals” (15).

Citing in Chicago Style or Turabian

• The style illustrated here is for footnotes and endnotes. Bibliography citations are addressed later in this method.
• For example: Max Smith,
• If you have multiple authors, list them alphabetically by last name using the same format. Separate each name with a comma, and use the word “and” before the final name. For example: Max Smith, James Yank, and Krista Zee, [10] X Research source

• For example: Max Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,”

• For example: Max Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” The American Conservative ,

• For example: Max Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” The American Conservative , May 6, 2015,

• For example, to cite one page: Max Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” The American Conservative , May 6, 2015, 32.
• Or, to cite a range of pages: Max Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” The American Conservative , May 6, 2015, 32-35.
• Unless you accessed the article online or in a database, this is the full citation.

• For example, in the case of a URL: Max Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” The American Conservative , May 6, 2015, 32, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/why-geopolitics-matters/.
• Or, in the case of a database: Max Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” The American Conservative , May 6, 2015, 32, LexisNexis Academic.
• Chicago and Turabian only ask that you include either the URL or the database. You do not need to include both if you found the article in an academic database.

• For example: Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” 32.
• If your secondary reference is to a different page of an article that’s cited earlier, simply update the page number. For example, if your original citation cites page 32 of the Smith article, a secondary citation of pages 34-35 would look like this: Smith, “Why Geopolitics Matters,” 34-35. [15] X Research source
• For example: Smith, Max. “Why Geopolitics Matters,” The American Conservative , May 6, 2015, 32.

Citing in APA Style

• For example, Mike Mullins would become: Mullins, M.
• Mike Andrew Mullins III would become: Mullins, M. A., III.

• For example: Mullins, M. (1990, April 6).

• For example: Mullins, M. (1990, April 6). Keeping up with James Jones.

• For example: For example: Mullins, M. (1990, April 6). Keeping up with James Jones. Time,
• The name of the publication should appear in title case if it is more than 1 word.

• For example: For example: Mullins, M. (1990, April 6). Keeping up with James Jones. Time, 134, 22-25.
• It’s not necessary to include a URL or digital reference when using this style guide. This is the finalized reference.
• For example: He says, “Keeping up with James is a life’s work” (Mullins, 1990, p. 22).
• If you introduce the quote with the author’s name, include the publication year in parentheses after the name. Then, after the quote, put the p. and the page number in parentheses. For example: Mullins (1990) says that “keeping up with James is a life’s work” (p. 22).

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

• ↑ http://cmosshoptalk.com/2015/02/03/for-students-is-turabian-style-the-same-as-chicago-style/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/07/
• ↑ http://libguides.css.edu/c.php?g=41682&p=265034
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/
• ↑ https://politics.ucsc.edu/undergraduate/chicago%20style%20guide.pdf
• ↑ http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html
• ↑ http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turabian_citationguide.html
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/07/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/

About this article

To cite a magazine article using MLA format, start by writing the article author’s last name, a comma, the author's first name, and end with a period. Next, write the title of the article, followed by a period, in quotation marks. Then, add the name of the magazine in italics and put a comma after it. Finally, write the day, month, and year the article was published, put a comma after it, add the article’s page range, and finish the citation with a period. For tips on formatting citations using APA or Chicago Manual of Style, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / Chicago Style / How to Cite a Magazine in Chicago/Turabian

How to Cite a Magazine in Chicago/Turabian

When citing a magazine in Chicago style, use the same structure you would use to cite a newspaper. This structure is also similar to the one used to cite a blog in Chicago style. This guide will show you how to cite a print or online magazine article in notes-bibliography style using the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style .

Guide Overview

• Citing a magazine article in print
• Citing an online magazine article
• Citing a magazine article accessed via mobile app
• Citing a magazine article with no author

Citing a Magazine Article in Print

Chicago style magazine article citation structure:.

1. First name Last name, “Article Title,” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication, page number.

Bibliography:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication.

Chicago Style Magazine Article Citation Example:

1. Peter Beinart, “Greens Flip Over Turtles,” Time , April 27, 1998, 34.

Beinart, Peter. “Greens Flip Over Turtles.”  Time , April 27, 1998.

Citing an Online Magazine Article

Chicago style online magazine article citation structure:.

1. First name Last name, “Article Title,” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication, URL.

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication. URL.

Chicago Style Online Magazine Article Citation Example:

1. John Seabrook, “America’s Favorite Pickup Truck Goes Electric,” The New Yorker , January 24, 2022, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/01/31/americas-favorite-pickup-truck-goes-electric.

Seabrook, John. “America’s Favorite Pickup Truck Goes Electric.”  The New Yorker , January 24, 2022. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/01/31/americas-favorite-pickup-truck-goes-electric.

Citing a Magazine Article Accessed via Mobile App

If you accessed and/or downloaded an article on a phone, tablet, or other device using a magazine’s mobile app, that should be mentioned in the citation.

1. First name Last name, “Article Title,” Magazine Title (device type [i.e., iPhone or Android] app), Month Date, Year of publication.

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title (device type [i.e., iPhone or Android] app), Month Date, Year of publication.

1. Lisa Abend, “Inside Finland’s Plan to End All Waste by 2050,” Time (Android app), January 20, 2022.

Abend, Lisa. “Inside Finland’s Plan to End All Waste by 2050.”  Time (Android app), January 20, 2022.

Citing a Magazine Article with No Author

On rare occasions, an author may not be listed for a magazine article. This is usually the case when the article is considered to be presented by the whole department staff of that magazine. In this case, the citation should begin with the title of the article in the note, and should use the name of the publication as the author in the bibliography entry.

1. “Article Title,” Magazine Title , Month Date, Year of publication, URL (if applicable).

Magazine Title . “Article Title.” Month Date, Year of publication. URL (if applicable).

1. “As Biden Mulls Sanctions, Three Theories On How Putin Makes His Millions,” Forbes , January 27, 2022, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeswealthteam/2022/01/27/as-biden-mulls-sanctions-three-theories–on-how-putin-makes-his-millions/?sh=47a6bbd45b43.

Forbes . “As Biden Mulls Sanctions, Three Theories On How Putin Makes His Millions.” January 27, 2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeswealthteam/2022/01/27/as-biden-mulls-sanctions-three-theories–on-how-putin-makes-his-millions/?sh=47a6bbd45b43.

Chicago Formatting Guide

Chicago Formatting

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The Correct Way to Write an Article Title in a Paper

It is a cardinal rule to cite scholarly sources when writing a paper. Most professors will specify the approximate number of sources for a paper, essay, or assignment. A well-written academic paper is objective and has references or works cited page where you list the references used. However, how do you write the title of an article when writing a paper?

When you mention an online or magazine article in your essay, do not just do it as you please. There is a formula you need to follow depending on the referencing style. This post looks at how to title an article in an essay following the APA, Harvard, MLA, and Chicago.

Let’s commence.

How to Title an Article in APA

APA stands for American Psychological Association. The association published the first APA stylebook in the late 1920s. Over the years, the stylebook has been widely adopted beyond psychology. It has also been updated many times. The stylebook meticulously describes how to format every aspect of your essay.

Whenever you mention the name of a source in an APA essay, there are rules you need to follow. This is true for all sources, including articles, books, webpages, reports, chapters, etc.

The rules you need to follow depend on the type of source (standalone source or part of a greater thing). For some sources, you simply capitalize and italicize the main words; for others, you have to capitalize the main words and put them in double quotation marks.

You need to italicize and capitalize their names when you mention standalone sources. Standalone sources include a podcast, a TV series, a dissertation, a movie, and an e-book.

Examples showing how to write larger works in APA

• Morbid: A True Crime Podcast (podcast title)
• The Last of Us (TV series title)
• Canadian Legal System Versus US Legal System: A Comparative Study (dissertation title)
• The Pirates of the Caribbean (movie title)
• For a Dollar and a Dream: State Lotteries in Modern America (e-book title)

On the other hand, when you mention sources that are part of a greater work, you need to capitalize them and put them in double quotation marks. Examples of these sources include a magazine article, a newspaper article, a blog post, and a journal article. This means mentioning any article must capitalize its title and put it in double quotations.

Examples showing how to write article titles in APA

• “Study of Correlation between Criminality and Population” (journal article title)
• “Effective Active Ingredients Obtained through Biotechnology” (journal article title)
• “Doping in Cycling: Everything You Need to Know” (magazine article title)
• “Do you know what is in Your Cosmetics?” (newspaper article title)
• “35 Best Ways to Make Money Online in 2023” (blog post title)

Titling an article in a Harvard Style Format Paper or Essay

The Harvard referencing system was invented late in the nineteenth century by a Harvard University professor. The system has been widely adopted beyond the lecture halls of Harvard. It is popularly used to reference various works in the following fields: philosophy, behavioral sciences, and humanities.

When you name or mention an article in a Harvard essay, there are rules you must follow. There are rules you need to follow when you mention any work in a Harvard essay.

The rules you need to follow depend mainly on the size of the work. The titles of large works are formatted differently compared to the titles of small works.

Large works include books and journals. When you mention a book or journal in a Harvard essay, you must italicize the entire title and capitalize the major words.

Examples showing how to write large works in Harvard

• The Lucifer Effect (book title)
• Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us (book title)
• Games People Play (book title)
• Comparative Studies in Society and History (journal title)
• Journal of American History (journal title)

The titles of smaller works are written differently in contrast to the title of large works. They are written by putting them inside single quotation marks.

Smaller works include journal articles, blog posts, web pages, web articles, etc. Whenever you mention these things in your essay, you must put them inside quotes.

Examples showing how to write smaller works in Harvard

• ‘Sex, Military Brothels, and Gender Violence during the Italian Campaign in the USSR, 1941-3’ (journal article title)
• ‘Hitler’s Worldview and the Interwar Kulturkamf’ (journal article title)
• ’10 POC-Owned Advisory Businesses With Insanely Great Marketing’ (blog post title)
• ‘How to Use Instagram for Your Financial Planning Business’ (blog post title)
• ‘These 9 Decorative Accessory Trends Are About to Pop Off in Your Group Text’ (web page title)

How to Title an Article in MLA

MLA is an acronym for Modern Language Association. The association started in 1883 to promote the study of modern languages and literature. It published the first stylebook in 1953 and has made major updates to it a number of times. The MLA style is widely used in the following fields: cultural studies, comparative literature, literary criticism, foreign languages, and English studies. It is also used in humanities disciplines.

When you mention an article or any other source in MLA, there are rules you need to follow. The rules largely depend on the type of source you mention.

When you mention a large standalone work (a book, a film, a journal, a website, a magazine, or a movie), you must italicize it and then capitalize all major words. (You should capitalize articles in the middle of the title, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions.

Examples showing how to write large works in MLA

• Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (book title)
• Literary Theory: An Introduction (book title)
• Fast Company (magazine title)
• Library Philosophy and Practice (journal title)
• Teens Dealing with Death; When Someone Dies: Understanding Grief (movie title)

When you mention a singular article (journal or otherwise) or any other smaller work, you must put it in double quotation marks. No italicizing as in the case of larger works. Examples of smaller works that need to be put in quotes include journal articles, web articles, news articles, book chapters, songs, short stories, TV episodes, magazine articles, and poems.

Examples showing how to write smaller works in MLA

• “Collaborative writing among young EFL learners in a school context: product and process” (journal article title)
• “Investigating cohort effects of early foreign language learning” (journal article title)
• “Studying French is easy: 10 tips to learn French fast” (web article title)
• “ChatGPT Gets Dartmouth Talking” (news article title)
• “Do not go gentle into that good night” (poem title)

How to Title an Article in a Chicago Format Essay/Paper

Chicago format is an American English formatting style invented by the University of Chicago in 1906. It is widely used in many academic disciplines (fine arts, history, and business) and book publishing.

When writing an essay according to the Chicago stylebook, you must follow everything recommended in it. How you are supposed to write the title of a journal or a book is not the same way you are supposed to write the title of a journal article or a book chapter.

The Chicago Manual of Style requires you to italicize the title of all standalone works you mention in your essay. Standalone works that you must italicize include journals, books, plays, and so on.

Examples showing how to write the titles of standalone works in Chicago

• Internal Journal of Art & Design Education (journal-title title)
• Studies in Art Education (journal title)
• Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (book title)
• Rich Dad Poor Dad (book title)
• Long Day’s Journey Into Night (play title)

The Chicago Manual requires you to enclose the title of short works in double quotation marks. Examples of short works that need to be enclosed include journal articles, magazine articles, news articles, book chapters, etc.

• “Frank Gehry’s non-trivial drawings as gestures” drawdlings and kinaesthetic approach to architecture” (journal article title)
• “The Saka ‘Animal Style’ in Context: Material, Technology, Form and Use” (journal article title)
• “An Abandoned, Industrial Ruin Bursts With New Life in Delaware” (magazine article title)
• “The Unfinished Business of International Business Tax Reform” (news article title)
• “The Technologies Behind Bitcoin” (book chapter title)

On a Final Note!

You now know how to format standalone and shorter works in APA, MLA, Harvard, and Chicago. Therefore, when asked to write an essay following any of these formatting styles, you should be able to correctly mention or talk about any article or larger work in your essay.

Try our paper editing service if you need help editing your essay to conform to APA, MLA, Harvard, or Chicago standards. We offer essay editing services at affordable rates. We can edit any work to meet any academic requirements. Check out our other writing and homework help services .

Contact us today for fast and professional assistance.

Gradecrest is a professional writing service that provides original model papers. We offer personalized services along with research materials for assistance purposes only. All the materials from our website should be used with proper references. See our Terms of Use Page for proper details.

How do I actually write the names of the article and the journal/magazine in my paper?

To write the name of a journal/magazine title in the body of your paper:

• The title of the journal should be in italics - Example:  Journal of the American Medical Association
• Capitalize all of the major words.

To write the the name of an article title in the body of your paper:

• The title of the article should be in quotation marks - E xample: "Tiger Woman on Wall Street"

For more information, please see the following pages on the APA Style Blog :

• Title Case Capitalization
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• Last Updated May 05, 2023
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• Do articles contain address? by Danny on Mar 20, 2017
• On the APA References page add Retrieved from and the website address at the end of the citation. See the APA Help page for examples-https://guides.baker.edu/apahelp by ASK US on Mar 20, 2017
• Is this information the same for scientific research journals and articles (still within APA)? by Haley on Apr 03, 2017
• Yes, it is. See the APA Help guide for examples. guides.baker.edu/apahelp by ASK US on Apr 03, 2017
• Do I have to put the name of the author of the article or website the article was from? by Hailee on May 01, 2017
• The answer given was for the body of your paper. Here's how to cite an article both on the References page and in-text: Author Last Name, First & Middle Initials. (Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Source, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. Retrieved from... In-text: Paraphrase: (Author Last Name, Year). Quotation: (Author Last Name, Year, p. Page Number). by ASK US on May 02, 2017
• Do I put the title of essay in single quotation marks if I write in UK English (APA)? by joseph on Mar 25, 2019
• See the APA Style Blog's post on How to Capitalize and Format Reference Titles in APA Style: https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/03/how-to-capitalize-and-format-reference-titles-in-apa-style.html by Patrick Mullane on Mar 25, 2019

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A National Strategy for the “New Normal” of Life With COVID

• 1 Perelman School of Medicine and The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
• 2 Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
• 3 Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
• Viewpoint The First 2 Years of COVID-19—Lessons to Improve Preparedness for the Next Pandemic Jennifer B. Nuzzo, DrPH, SM; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD JAMA
• Viewpoint A National Strategy for COVID-19—Testing, Surveillance, and Mitigation Strategies David Michaels, PhD, MPH; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD; Rick A. Bright, PhD JAMA
• Viewpoint A National Strategy for COVID-19 Medical Countermeasures Luciana L. Borio, MD; Rick A. Bright, PhD; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD JAMA
• Viewpoint The Pandemic Preparedness Program Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS; I. Glenn Cohen, JD JAMA
• Medical News & Perspectives Former Biden-Harris Transition Advisors Propose a New National Strategy for COVID-19 Jennifer Abbasi JAMA
• Comment & Response Strategy for the “New Normal” of Life With COVID—Reply Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD; Michael Osterholm, PhD, MPH; Céline R. Gounder, MD, ScM JAMA
• Comment & Response Strategy for the “New Normal” of Life With COVID Afschin Gandjour, MD, PhD, MA JAMA
• Viewpoint COVID-19 Vaccination—Becoming Part of the New Normal Peter Marks, MD, PhD; Janet Woodcock, MD; Robert Califf, MD JAMA

As the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates, COVID-19 is here to stay. In January 2021, President Biden issued the “National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness.” As the US moves from crisis to control, this national strategy needs to be updated. Policy makers need to specify the goals and strategies for the “new normal” of life with COVID-19 and communicate them clearly to the public.

SARS-CoV-2 continues to persist, evolve, and surprise. In July 2021, with vaccinations apace and infection rates plummeting, Biden proclaimed that “we’ve gained the upper hand against this virus,” and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) relaxed its guidance for mask wearing and socializing. 1 By September 2021, the Delta variant proved these steps to be premature, and by late November, the Omicron variant created concern about a perpetual state of emergency.

In delineating a national strategy, humility is essential. The precise duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from vaccination or prior infection is unknown. Also unknown is whether SARS-CoV-2 will become a seasonal infection; whether antiviral therapies will prevent long COVID; or whether even more transmissible, immune-evading, or virulent variants will arise after Omicron.

Another part of this humility is recognizing that predictions are necessary but educated guesses, not mathematical certainty. The virus, host response, and data will evolve. Biomedical and public health tools will expand, along with better understanding of their limitations. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2, vaccination rates, hospital capacity, tolerance for risk, and willingness to implement different interventions will vary geographically, and national recommendations will need to be adapted locally.

It is imperative for public health, economic, and social functioning that US leaders establish and communicate specific goals for COVID-19 management, benchmarks for the imposition or relaxation of public health restrictions, investments and reforms needed to prepare for future SARS-CoV-2 variants and other novel viruses, and clear strategies to accomplish all of this.

Redefining the Appropriate National Risk Level

The goal for the “new normal” with COVID-19 does not include eradication or elimination, eg, the “zero COVID” strategy. 2 Neither COVID-19 vaccination nor infection appear to confer lifelong immunity. Current vaccines do not offer sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infectious diseases cannot be eradicated when there is limited long-term immunity following infection or vaccination or nonhuman reservoirs of infection. The majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, and the SARS-CoV-2 incubation period is short, preventing the use of targeted strategies like “ring vaccination.” Even “fully” vaccinated individuals are at risk for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consequently, a “new normal with COVID” in January 2022 is not living without COVID-19.

The “new normal” requires recognizing that SARS-CoV-2 is but one of several circulating respiratory viruses that include influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and more. COVID-19 must now be considered among the risks posed by all respiratory viral illnesses combined. Many of the measures to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (eg, ventilation) will also reduce transmission of other respiratory viruses. Thus, policy makers should retire previous public health categorizations, including deaths from pneumonia and influenza or pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19, and focus on a new category: the aggregate risk of all respiratory virus infections.

What should be the peak risk level for cumulative viral respiratory illnesses for a “normal” week? Even though seasonal influenza, RSV, and other respiratory viruses circulating before SARS-CoV-2 were harmful, the US has not considered them a sufficient threat to impose emergency measures in over a century. People have lived normally with the threats of these viruses, even though more could have been done to reduce their risks.

The appropriate risk threshold should reflect peak weekly deaths, hospitalizations, and community prevalence of viral respiratory illnesses during high-severity years, such as 2017-2018. 3 That year had approximately 41 million symptomatic cases of influenza, 710 000 hospitalizations and 52 000 deaths. 4 In addition, the CDC estimates that each year RSV leads to more than 235 000 hospitalizations and 15 000 deaths in the US. 3 This would translate into a risk threshold of approximately 35 000 hospitalizations and 3000 deaths (<1 death/100 000 population) in the worst week.

Today, the US is far from these thresholds. For the week of December 13, 2021, the CDC reported the US experienced more than 900 000 COVID-19 cases, more than 50 000 new hospitalizations for COVID-19, and more than 7000 deaths. 5 , 6 The tolerance for disease, hospitalization, and death varies widely among individuals and communities. What constitutes appropriate thresholds for hospitalizations and death, at what cost, and with what trade-offs remains undetermined.

This peak week risk threshold serves at least 2 fundamental functions. This risk threshold triggers policy recommendations for emergency implementation of mitigation and other measures. In addition, health systems could rely on this threshold for planning on the bed and workforce capacity they need normally, and when to institute surge measures.

Rebuilding Public Health

To cope with pandemic, and eventually, endemic SARS-CoV-2 and to respond to future public health threats requires deploying real-time information systems, a public health implementation workforce, flexible health systems, trust in government and public health institutions, and belief in the value of collective action for public good. 7 , 8

First, the US needs a comprehensive, digital, real-time, integrated data infrastructure for public health. As Omicron has reemphasized, the US is operating with imprecise estimates of disease spread, limited genomic surveillance, projections based on select reporting sites, and data from other countries that may not be generalizable. These shortcomings are threatening lives and societal function.

The US must establish a modern data infrastructure that includes real-time electronic collection of comprehensive information on respiratory viral infections, hospitalizations, deaths, disease-specific outcomes, and immunizations merged with sociodemographic and other relevant variables. The public health data infrastructure should integrate data from local, state, and national public health units, health care systems, public and commercial laboratories, and academic and research institutions. Using modern technology and analytics, it is also essential to merge nontraditional environmental (air, wastewater) surveillance data, including genomic data, with traditional clinical and epidemiological data to track outbreaks and target containment.

Second, the US needs a permanent public health implementation workforce that has the flexibility and surge capacity to manage persistent problems while simultaneously responding to emergencies. Data collection, analysis, and technical support are necessary, but it takes people to respond to crises. This implementation workforce should include a public health agency–based community health worker system and expanded school nurse system.

A system of community public health workers could augment the health care system by testing and vaccinating for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections; ensuring adherence to ongoing treatment for tuberculosis, HIV, diabetes, and other chronic conditions; providing health screening and support to pregnant individuals and new parents and their newborns; and delivering various other public health services to vulnerable or homebound populations.

School nurses need to be empowered to address the large unmet public health needs of children and adolescents. As polio vaccination campaigns showed, school health programs are an efficient and effective way to care for children, including preventing and treating mild asthma exacerbations (often caused by viral respiratory infections), ensuring vaccination as a condition for attendance, and addressing adolescents’ mental and sexual health needs. School clinics must be adequately staffed and funded as an essential component of the nation’s public health infrastructure.

Third, because respiratory infections ebb and flow, institutionalizing telemedicine waivers, licensure to practice and enable billing across state lines, and other measures that allow the flow of medical services to severely affected regions should be a priority.

Fourth, it is essential to rebuild trust in public health institutions and a belief in collective action in service of public health. 7 Communities with higher levels of trust and reciprocity, such as Denmark, have experienced lower rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19. 7 Improving public health data systems and delivering a diverse public health workforce that can respond in real time in communities will be important steps toward building that trust more widely.

Conclusions

After previous infectious disease threats, the US quickly forgot and failed to institute necessary reforms. That pattern must change with the COVID-19 pandemic. Without a strategic plan for the “new normal” with endemic COVID-19, more people in the US will unnecessarily experience morbidity and mortality, health inequities will widen, and trillions will be lost from the US economy. This time, the nation must learn and prepare effectively for the future.

The resources necessary to build and sustain an effective public health infrastructure will be substantial. Policy makers should weigh not only the costs but also the benefits, including fewer deaths and lost productivity from COVID-19 and all viral respiratory illnesses. Indeed, after more than 800 000 deaths from COVID-19, and a projected loss of $8 trillion in gross domestic product through 2030, 8 these interventions will be immensely valuable.

Corresponding Author: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, Blockley Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ( [email protected] ).

Published Online: January 6, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24282

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Emanuel reported personal fees, nonfinancial support, or both from companies, organizations, and professional health care meetings and being a venture partner at Oak HC/FT; a partner at Embedded Healthcare LLC, ReCovery Partners LLC, and COVID-19 Recovery Consulting; and an unpaid board member of Village MD and Oncology Analytics. Dr Emanuel owns no stock in pharmaceutical, medical device companies, or health insurers. No other disclosures were reported.

Additional Information: Drs Emanuel, Osterholm, and Gounder were members of the Biden-Harris Transition COVID-19 Advisory Board from November 2020 to January 2021.

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Emanuel EJ , Osterholm M , Gounder CR. A National Strategy for the “New Normal” of Life With COVID. JAMA. 2022;327(3):211–212. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24282

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