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Experts link the rise to pandemic-related mental health issues and have called for more support.
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If you have suicidal thoughts or know someone who is experiencing them, help is available. Dial 2896 0000 for The Samaritans or 2382 0000 for Suicide Prevention Services.
Suicide rates among girls under 15 in Hong Kong have surged, with Kwun Tong district experiencing the highest number of such deaths. Experts attribute this rise to the pandemic’s impact on young people’s mental health, highlighting the need for increased support and resources.
Figures published yesterday by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention at the University of Hong Kong estimated the citywide rate for all ages was 13.6 deaths per 100,000 people in 2023, a slight decrease from 13.7 in 2022.
But the centre found the suicide rate for girls under 15 had risen from 0.5 in 2022 to 4.2 last year. The data also showed the level for women aged 60 and above last year was 11.7, down from 15.8 in 2022.
Professor Paul Yip Siu-fai, the centre’s director, said the Covid-19 pandemic had hindered young people’s development during their formative years.
“There are scars developing [within young people],” he said. “Females tend to place more importance on peer relationships.”
The academic also cited the impact of lockdowns on school schedules.
“The government neglected the psychological health of residents during the Covid-19 lockdowns. They couldn’t go out,” he said.
280 Hong Kong students identified as being at higher risk of suicide
Yip said relationships formed with friends and teachers after the pandemic also determined whether teenagers could bridge gaps in their mental development during such a turbulent time.
“If our society can assist young people to fill the gaps in the coming years, it can help prevent the deaths of young people during their development stage,” he said, adding that high suicide rates were being reported throughout the region.
“The rising suicide rate among young people is a trend not only being observed in Hong Kong, but in places such as Tokyo in Japan and Singapore.”
The academic urged local authorities to introduce more measures and offer additional resources to support young people, while calling on parents to keep an eye on their children’s behaviour.
Yip also gave a breakdown of suicide cases among those under 15 by district, with Kwun Tong recording five such instances last year. Another three were logged in Kowloon City, while the remaining districts saw either one or no deaths.
Lawmaker Ngan Man-yu said that Kwun Tong was a “relatively poor” district and suggested such a factor could contribute to its high number of suicides among those under 15.
“The living environment [of the residents in the district] is so crowded and the resources allocated are fewer compared with other regions, with all these reasons causing young people to feel unhappy,” he said.
The legislator said there was no single solution and it would take collaboration between various departments to tackle the problem. “I urge the government to continue cooperating with all stakeholders to more comprehensively promote adolescent mental health,” he said.
Lisa Ho Sin-hang, a training consultant and clinical psychologist with the centre, said some young people could feel they had failed to meet their parents’ expectations, potentially having a negative impact on their mental health.
“Some might feel that leaving the world is their only option when they cannot find solutions to their problems,” she said.
Ho said changes in a child’s academic performance could serve as an indicator of their mental health.
She also recommended that parents be more aware of their own mental health and seek professional help if they or their children struggled with such issues.
According to the World Health Organization’s mortality database, the post-pandemic suicide rate of those aged between 15 and 24 in developed countries and regions ranged from five to 16 per 100,000 people.
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On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was a global pandemic, indicating significant global spread of an infectious disease ( World Health Organization, 2020 ). At that point, there were 118,000 confirmed cases of the coronavirus in 110 countries. China had been the first country with a widespread outbreak in January, and South Korea, Iran and Italy following in February with their own outbreaks. Soon, the virus was in all continents and over 177 countries, and as of this writing, the United States has the highest number of confirmed cases and, sadly, the most deaths. The virus was extremely contagious and led to death in the most vulnerable, particularly those older than 60 and those with underlying conditions. The most critical cases led to an overwhelming number being admitted into the intensive care units of hospitals, leading to a concern that the virus would overwhelm local health care systems. Today, in early May 2020, there have been nearly 250,000 deaths worldwide, with over 3,500,000 confirmed cases ( Hopkins, 2020 ). The human toll is staggering, and experts are predicting a second wave in summer or fall.
As the deaths rose from the virus that had no known treatment or vaccine countries shut their borders, banned travel to other countries and began to issue orders for their citizens to stay at home, with no gatherings of more than 10 individuals. Schools and universities closed their physical locations and moved education online. Sporting events were canceled, airlines cut flights, tourism evaporated, restaurants, movie theaters and bars closed, theater productions canceled, manufacturing facilities, services, and retail stores closed. In some businesses and industries, employees have been able to work remotely from home, but in others, workers have been laid off, furloughed, or had their hours cut. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that there was a 4.5% reduction in hours in the first quarter of 2020, and 10.5% reduction is expected in the second quarter ( ILO, 2020a ). The latter is equivalent to 305 million jobs ( ILO, 2020a ).
Globally, over 430 million enterprises are at risk of disruption, with about half of those in the wholesale and retail trades ( ILO, 2020a ). Much focus in the press has been on the impact in Europe and North America, but the effect on developing countries is even more critical. An example of the latter is the Bangladeshi ready-made-garment sector ( Leitheiser et al., 2020 ), a global industry that depends on a supply chain of raw material from a few countries and produces those garments for retail stores throughout North America and Europe. But, in January 2020, raw material from China was delayed by the shutdown in China, creating delays and work stoppages in Bangladesh. By the time Bangladeshi factories had the material to make garments, in March, retailers in Europe and North American began to cancel orders or put them on hold, canceling or delaying payment. Factories shut down and workers were laid off without pay. Nearly a million people lost their jobs. Overall, since February 2020, the factories in Bangladesh have lost nearly 3 billion dollars in revenue. And, the retail stores that would have sold the garments have also closed. This demonstrates the ripple effect of the disruption of one industry that affects multiple countries and sets of workers, because consider that, in turn, there will be less raw material needed from China, and fewer workers needed there. One need only multiply this example by hundreds to consider the global impact of COVID-19 across the world of work.
The ILO (2020b) notes that it is difficult to collect employment statistics from different countries, so a total global unemployment rate is unavailable at this time. However, they predict significant increase in unemployment, and the number of individuals filing for unemployment benefits in the United States may be an indicator of the magnitude of those unemployed. In the United States, over 30 million filed for unemployment between March 11 and April 30 ( Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020 ), effectively this is an unemployment rate of 18%. By contrast, in February 2020, the US unemployment rate was 3.5% ( Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020 ).
Clearly, COVID-19 has had an enormous disruption on work and workers, most critically for those who have lost their employment. But, even for those continuing to work, there have been disruptions in where people work, with whom they work, what they do, and how much they earn. And, as of this writing, it is also a time of great uncertainty, as countries are slowly trying to ease restrictions to allow people to go back to work--- in a “new normal”, without the ability to predict if they can prevent further infectious “spikes”. The anxieties about not knowing what is coming, when it will end, or what work will entail led us to develop this set of essays about future research on COVID-19 and its impact on work and workers.
These essays began with an idea by Associate Editor Jos Akkermans, who noted to me that the global pandemic was creating a set of career shocks for workers. He suggested writing an essay for the Journal . The Journal of Vocational Behavior has not traditionally published essays, but these are such unusual times, and COVID-19 is so relevant to our collective research on work that I thought it was a good idea. I issued an invitation to the Associate Editors to submit a brief (3000 word) essay on the implications of COVID-19 on work and/or workers with an emphasis on research in the area. At the same time, a group of international scholars was coming together to consider the effects of COVID-19 on unemployment in several countries, and I invited that group to contribute an essay, as well ( Blustein et al., 2020 ).
The following are a set of nine thoughtful set of papers on how the COVID-19 could (and perhaps will) affect vocational behavior; they all provide suggestions for future research. Akkermans, Richardson, and Kraimer (2020) explore how the pandemic may be a career shock for many, but also how that may not necessarily be a negative experience. Blustein et al. (2020) focus on global unemployment, also acknowledging the privileged status they have as professors studying these phenomena. Cho examines the effect of the pandemic on micro-boundaries (across domains) as well as across national (macro) boundaries ( Cho, 2020 ). Guan, Deng, and Zhou (2020) drawing from cultural psychology, discuss how cultural orientations shape an individual's response to COVID-19, but also how a national cultural perspective influences collective actions. Kantamneni (2020) emphasized the effects on marginalized populations in the United States, as well as the very real effects of racism for Asians and Asian-Americans in the US. Kramer and Kramer (2020) discuss the impact of the pandemic in the perceptions of various occupations, whether perceptions of “good” and “bad” jobs will change and whether working remotely will permanently change where people will want to work. Restubog, Ocampo, and Wang (2020) also focused on individual's responses to the global crisis, concentrating on emotional regulation as a challenge, with suggestions for better managing the stress surrounding the anxiety of uncertainty. Rudolph and Zacher (2020) cautioned against using a generational lens in research, advocating for a lifespan developmental approach. Spurk and Straub (2020) also review issues related to unemployment, but focus on the impact of COVID-19 specifically on “gig” or flexible work arrangements.
I am grateful for the contributions of these groups of scholars, and proud of their ability to write these. They were able to write constructive essays in a short time frame when they were, themselves, dealing with disruptions at work. Some were home-schooling children, some were worried about an absent partner or a vulnerable loved one, some were struggling with the challenges that Restubog et al. (2020) outlined. I hope the thoughts, suggestions, and recommendations in these essays will help to stimulate productive thought on the effect of COVID-19 on work and workers. And, while, I hope this research spurs to better understand the effects of such shocks on work, I really hope we do not have to cope with such a shock again.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, although largely affecting the respiratory system, commonly presents with numerous clinical symptoms from other systems. COVID-19 has been associated with both acute and persistent neurological abnormalities in a substantial proportion of patients. Notably, post-COVID-19 neuropsychological abnormalities have garnered attention, highlighting a high prevalence of neurocognitive issues in affected individuals. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the neuropsychological impact of COVID-19, drawing insights from an extensive online search of published literature conducted in the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. The findings underscore significant neuropsychological effects of COVID-19 observed at both individual and societal levels during the ongoing pandemic. Neuropsychological deficits such as memory difficulties, attention problems, and executive dysfunction, alongside physical symptoms like headaches and fatigue were commonly reported. Additionally, psychological challenges, including fear, anxiety, and depression, emerged as prevalent issues arising from the uncertainties surrounding the situation, social isolation, and employment insecurities. The identified neuropsychological manifestations of COVID-19 can significantly impede normal cognitive and emotional functioning, potentially resulting in decreased productivity and an overall decline in mental health and quality of life. Early identification of signs indicative of neurological or psychological decline becomes imperative, offering a crucial opportunity to mitigate the risk of long-term neuropsychological dysfunction through the development of targeted interventions.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; brain; cognition; cognitive dysfunction; depression; mental health; pandemics; quality of life.
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Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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Published : Sep 16, 2024 16:08 IST - 3 MINS READ
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The Indonesian island of Sumba can often be defined by its endless limestone hills and an arid soil where little vegetation can grow. As the climate grows warmer, water is getting increasingly scarce. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Sumba, located in Indonesia’s severely climate-sensitive regions and considered an ecological forefront for desertification, is a fragile ecosystem whose heart beats to the rhythm of three things: the availability of water for crops, animals, and people; the millennia-old textile-making tradition; and the ancient Marapu belief. The island’s textiles mirror its arid climate and are an extension and symbol of its well-being. The fabric, purely made of natural substances found on the island, such as cotton, herbs, and wood, reflects the island’s challenging environmental conditions, making its people more resourceful and encouraging sustainability.
Tenun ikat Sumba (Sumbanese woven fabric) is made from cotton naturally growing on the island. Each piece is meticulously crafted. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
In the village of Prai Ijing, located at Melolo in eastern Sumba, Hana and her daughter weave every day, using age-old tools and techniques. Hana will pass her knowledge and skills to her daughter, ensuring the continuity of Sumba’s weaving tradition for generations to come. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Each length of fabric can take up to a year to make. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
The lively colours used for Sumba’s traditional textiles are derived from natural ingredients found across the island. The Indigofera tinctoria herb, for example, provides the blue dye. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Climate change and COVID-19 have dealt a severe blow to livelihoods on the island, causing irreversible losses and unprecedented economic strain. As harvests declined, the local population was forced to find alternative means of support. Traditionally, during the rainy season, the Sumbanese would work in the fields, and during the dry season, they would stay home to weave tenun ikat (woven textile) for sale at markets or to keep as heirlooms. However, the warming climate has shortened the rainy season, disrupting cereal growth and threatening the survival of livestock.
Work in progress at the community weaving house at Praikamaru. It is a place where women dedicated to the tradition of weaving come together to share skills and stories. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
The communal weaving house. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
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Audi, one of the children who play a vital role in the creation of Sumbanese textiles. After school, they often help older women in weaving houses, assisting them with the making of dye, fetching tools and water, and using the time to learn the craft. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Traditional Sumbanese textiles are used in ceremonies such as the Penuburan (funeral). | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
The eastern part of Sumba has always faced water scarcity, and the possibility of drought is a constant threat. The past 10 years have seen a decrease in agricultural and livestock activities, forcing people out of the island. In 2020, as part of efforts of the local government and the population to fight water scarcity, the focus turned to the production and export of traditional textiles.
Rambu Ana, who acts as a conduit for exporting Sumba’s rich heritage abroad through its famed textile. Acting as an intermediary, she promotes cross-cultural understanding and appreciation, showcasing the artistry and craftsmanship of Sumba’s weavers on the global stage. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Asti, one of the children who helps in weaving, holding a younger child, Fani. The children are dressed in traditional textiles. When she is not helping to weave, Asti tends to younger children whose parents are engaged in weaving. Sumbanese culture is all about interconnectedness and inter-reliance between people. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
A piece of Sumbanese woven fabric. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Sumbanese fabrics being sold in a market. The lengthy process of production makes it an expensive product. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
The arid climate does not hamper the production of local textiles because the raw materials used for the weaving grow well in dry weather. This textile is valued not only for its beauty and robustness but also for the environment-friendly colours that are used for it.
Children helping out at the community weaving centre. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Umbu Nadwa poses for a photo while taping together individual threads. Historically reserved for women, the process of making Sumbanese fabric has been extended to men. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
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The vibrant colours and rich designs make Sumbanese fabrics much sought after globally. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
A weaver at work. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
Traditionally, only aged women were allowed to weave. But now young women and men are permitted too, enabling the intertwining of ancient Marapu belief and contemporary creativity.
This activity has brought together a community of weavers in Melolo, in eastern Sumba, a small cradle of peace situated in a shy but arid valley located inland close to the coast. The weavers are part of an empowering network that allows them to export their craft and make the community thrive.
The cotton used for traditional Sumbanese textile grows on the island. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
The picturesque Praikamaru village in Melolo, eastern Sumba. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
The yarn that is used for weaving Sumbanese fabric. | Photo Credit: Boris R-Thebia
The people of the island have turned this revival into a dynamic pursuit that has given them an opportunity to export their traditional craft. This has boosted economic growth. The textile, once a tradition that stayed inside the community, is now exported across Europe, Asia, and North America and serves as a platform to share Sumba’s cultural narrative. The impact of ever-diminishing harvests is now offset by the earnings generated by textile exports. Threads woven with age-old techniques now carry not only the weight of tradition but also the promise of a warm future as the youth weave narratives that bridge the gap between the past and the present.
Boris R. Thebia, a self-taught documentary photographer and photojournalist from French Guiana, captures stories of marginalised communities. Based in Montreal and Bali, his work explores various themes of identity, migration, and cultural preservation.
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The outbreak has dramatically changed Americans' lives and relationships over the past year. We asked people to tell us about their experiences - good and bad - in living through this moment in history. Pew Research Center has been asking survey questions over the past year about Americans' views and reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Students working on college admission essays often struggle to figure out how to write about their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. For students applying to college using the CommonApp, there are several different places where students and counselors can address the pandemic's impact. The different sections have differing goals.
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experienced an average decrease of 11.5 hours of work per week and a 21% decrease in weekly earnings, arnings for 52% of the sample, which again re ects s. variation in the e ects of COVID-19 across students. In terms of labor market expectations, on average, students foresee a 13 percentage points decrease in.
Presently the impacts of COVID-19 in daily life are extensive and have far reaching consequences. These can be divided into various categories: Closure of places for entertainment such as movie and play theatres, sports clubs, gymnasiums, swimming pools, and so on. This COVID-19 has affected the sources of supply and effects the global economy.
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