how to write a cover letter for a job you don't have experience in

Sample Cover Letter With No Experience in Field (And How to Write Yours)

By Biron Clark

Published: November 10, 2023

Cover Letters | Recent Grads

Biron Clark

Writer & Career Coach

Writing an articulate cover letter is challenging for all job seekers. But if you have little or no work experience in a field, the stakes are higher. It’s more challenging to prove your value when you don’t have a series of professional accomplishments to back up your assertions. On the bright side, you probably have more to offer an employer than you realize. You just have to package your strengths the right way.

In this article, you’re going to learn how to write a cover letter for a job with no experience in that field. And we’ll look at a full sample after going through the steps.

Let’s get started…

How to Write a Cover Letter With No Experience

1. the main purpose of your cover letter with no experience.

The purpose of a cover letter is to complement your resume and convince more employers to interview you. You may refer to your resume when writing a cover letter for a job application, but you must expand upon points made in the resume when writing the cover letter.

The cover letter should breathe life into the points made in the resume, and create a compelling—or even emotional—narrative around your career hopes and aspirations . It’s your chance to tell your story and show that you have the passion and the drive to come into a job and make a difference.

And at the end, it should ASK for the interview. We’ll talk about that coming up. Let’s get started by going through how to write a cover letter with no experience, step-by-step…

2. Cover Letter Contact Information

When beginning a cover letter for a job application, start with your contact details in the top left-hand corner of the page. Include your name, city of residence, phone number, and email address. (To preserve your privacy, do not include your physical address). You should also include your LinkedIn URL. Next, write the name of the company you’re applying to, and its city of residence.

3. Your Salutation

Ideally, you address your reader by name in your salutation. Internet sleuthing may reveal the name of the hiring manager. If you can’t find a name, you have two options: call the organization and ask to learn more about the position, or write “Dear ” or “Dear Hiring Manager.”

This isn’t ideal, though. You should really only be sending a cover letter if you know the hiring manager’s name and have some specific information about the position. So if you know nothing specific about the hiring manager or job, and the company hasn’t asked for a cover letter specifically, then you probably don’t need to send it .

4. Cover Letter Introduction

Use this section of your cover letter to introduce yourself and share your enthusiasm and why you applied for the position .

Start with your name and provide some background on your strengths. Always identify the position you’re seeking and how you learned about it. If someone at the company told you about the job, then mention that person’s name (only after asking their permission, though). Aim for one to two sentences in your Introduction—keep it short, sweet, and precise.

Example Cover Letter Introduction with No Experience in the Field:

“Hello, my name is Grace Addington, and I’m a goal- and detail-oriented civil engineering graduate from Petaluma College. I was excited to learn about the Junior Engineer internship at Bay Area Rapid Transportation through my former classmate Katie Heinz.”

5. Body Paragraphs

Here comes the most critical part of writing a cover letter with no experience. The purpose of your body paragraphs (one to two brief paragraphs, tops) is to prove that you’re the best candidate for the position. Seeing as how you have little or no previous professional work experience to fall back on, you’ll want to place emphasis on soft skills —attributes of a personal nature that say a lot about your work ethic and ability to work in sync with others. Or, if you have job-related skills (AKA hard skills) from another type of role, point out how those skills will help you transition into this next job and succeed quickly.

That’s what hiring managers are looking for! So while it’s great to write about soft skills and put together a cover letter talking about how you’re willing to learn their job… it’s much better to point out any hands-on experience that you have. So if you’re able, always highlight that first and foremost.

For example, if you had an internship, worked in an unrelated field, did a few academic projects while studying, gave a presentation, etc., those are still valuable pieces to put on your resume AND in your cover letter.

Your resume likely already consists of part-time jobs or school activities or memberships in school associations that maybe aren’t 100% related to the job you’re going after.

Look closer, though—you’ve probably garnered skills in these experiences that can carry over to the job you’re applying for. Below are two examples of cover letter body paragraphs that hone in on two key phrases noted in a job advertisement as requirements: “strong interpersonal skills” and “positive work ethic.” You should be able to figure out pretty quickly which example hits the mark.

Let’s look at two sample paragraphs now from cover letters with no experience in a field:

“I am Twig & Twine’s ideal office manager. As my resume states, I served as an RA at my dorm. I know how to manage an array of things.”

“You’re looking for a candidate with strong interpersonal skills and a positive work ethic. While serving as an RA at Porter College’s main dormitory, I planned monthly social events for over 200 students, settled two to five student disputes per week, and mentored a select group of students in Composition. The experience taught me, rather quickly, how to efficiently multi-task, and how to effectively settle conflicts of all types in a calm, level-headed manner. I feel confident stating that I can bring these talents to Twig & Twine’s office manager position.”

The second example takes the duties that likely appeared in the RA position on the resume and then digs deep, illustrating how the tackling of those duties turned into accomplishments, and led the applicant to grow the crucial skills needed for the office manager position.

One last thing about body paragraphs—remember to frame your message around the employer’s needs, and not yours. Focus on what you can bring to the job, and how your talents will translate into success for the company. That’s important in any cover letter, and becomes even more crucial in a cover letter with no previous work experience.

6. Concluding Your Cover Letter

End your cover letter by reiterating why you’re the best candidate and express your interest once again in the position. And ask them for the interview! It’s surprising but most job seekers don’t do this, and it’s been shown to improve your chances of getting a call to come in for an interview!

So conclude your cover letter by thanking the reader for the time they took to review your application, and tell them you’d like to find a time to meet for an interview to see if it might be a good fit to work together. To close, sign off formally. Try “Respectfully yours” or “Sincerely.”

7. Proofread Everything

Before sending out your new cover letter, read it out loud to catch errors quickly. Ask a trustworthy person to read it as well. Nothing stops you from getting interviews faster than an obvious typo or error in your cover letter or resume, and you only have to check once, but make sure you’re checking it thoroughly!

8. Save it as a PDF

Once the content is finalized, save it as a PDF and title it “ Cover Letter” to prevent confusion. Voila! You’re done. If you follow the tips above, you’ll have a great cover letter with no experience so you can get interviews and job offers in this new field!

Sample Cover Letter With No Experience in Field:

Next, let’s look at a full sample of a cover letter that explains why you’d fit well in a role ( and why you chose to apply for this type of role ):

Dear Name, I’m writing to you regarding the Sales Associate job posting, which I believe reports to you. I can offer 5+ years of experience working directly with customers over the phone and in person, primarily in customer support. Although I haven’t worked directly in sales, my customer support experience has helped me build skills in communication, persuasion, and problem-solving, which I believe will translate well into selling software subscriptions for your firm. I’m motivated to transition into sales to continue challenging myself and growing in my career, and I’ve always enjoyed a challenge, which I think working in sales will provide me. I’ve attached my resume for your review. If any of the above sounds interesting, I’d welcome the chance to talk on the phone this week. Thanks for considering my note today. Best regards, Your Name

This cover letter is upfront and clear that you have no experience in the field of sales, but shows that you’re willing to learn and excited to learn this new job. That’s essential!

You don’t JUST want to say you’re willing to learn, though. You want to PROVE that you’ll be able to learn. That’s why this letter also mentions the experience you have that is most similar. In the case of the example above, it’s the customer service experience and communication skills.

While this person may not have sold anything to customers, they still interacted with customers directly, which will be seen as a plus.

One other thing you should always point out if possible: Experience working in the same industry. So if you’ve never done sales, but you did customer support in the exact same industry as the employer, that’s a huge plus… because it means you’ll have less learning needed on the job!

Other Articles That May Help You:

• 3 more tips for writing a cover letter that stands out.
• General tips for how to get a job with no experience.
• How to write the perfect resume “Summary” section with no experience.

About the Author

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This really helped me

Thanks for this! Really helpful for me as a new graduate and non native English speaker. I’ve started using the steps here and am planning on sending a lot of applications this week to see how it works.

Thank you for the examples. I hav ea little bit of experience so I’m not writing the cover letter with absolutely no work experience but this still is helpful and seems to work for me.

One hiring manager told me that the reason they chose to call me was my cover letter.

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How to Write a Cover Letter With No Experience (With Examples)

3 key takeaways:

How to write a cover letter with no experience.

• Examples of how to write a cover letter without experience
• How to use Teal's  Cover Letter Generator  to write a customized letter in seconds

A cover letter is an important part of your application for any job. But how do you write a cover letter with no experience? 

Regardless of where you are in your job search, there are ways to strategically craft a cover letter highlighting what you  do  bring to the table instead of what you  don't —drawing attention to your enthusiasm, adaptability, and the unique perspective you bring to the role.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a document that you send with a resume or job application when you apply for a job, internship, or other professional opportunity. In this letter, you'll introduce yourself and provide additional information about your qualifications, skills, and experience. The cover letter is usually addressed to the hiring manager or employer. It serves as a way to communicate your interest in a specific job and explain why you're a good fit for the role. Each of the entry level cover letters you send should be personalized for that specific job posting.

A cover letter supplements your resume, providing more context for your application. It allows you to highlight specific achievements, experiences, or skills that are relevant to the job you are applying for, and to demonstrate your overall enthusiasm for the company and the position. A well-crafted cover letter can increase your chances of getting an interview and ultimately landing the job.

Should I write a cover letter if I have no experience?

Maybe this is your first career job, and you truly don't have any other experience--even entry level positions--to include. But even if you don't have any prior job experience, you should definitely still write a cover letter! A cover letter is an important way to highlight your qualifications and help you differentiate yourself from other applicants, while creating a personal connection with hiring managers.

And don't worry--even with less experience, there are ways to position yourself and your relevant skills that will show why you're still a great fit for any job posting. Keep in mind that depending on the position you're applying for, the hiring manager might not expect you to have direct experience in that area. Everyone has to start somewhere, right? The most important thing is for an entry-level, concise cover letter to demonstrate your potential, enthusiasm, and a willingness to learn.

Feeling stuck and unsure where to begin for the perfect cover letter? Teal can help. Use Teal's AI Resume Builder and its AI integration feature to generate cover letters using artificial intelligence. With this tool, you can upload your resume, generate a no experience cover letter using AI, and then make any personal edits needed before sending it off with your job application. This cover letter builder will help you get started with how to write a cover letter with no experience.

You can also use Teal's Job Application Tracker to save the jobs you're applying for. Use the Google Chrome extension to save jobs. Then organize them within Teal according to position details and your application status. This makes it easier to keep up with each entry level position you're interested in.

Ready to get started? Write the perfect cover letter with no experience using the following cover letter tips.

The best way to write a cover letter with no experience

If you want to save time writing your cover letter, why not try Teal? Teal's Cover Letter Writer uses AI to write custom content using your resume and any job description as a guide.

Just import an existing resume (or your LinkedIn profile) into the Teal Resume Builder, head to the "Cover Letter" section, and attach a job description. Then click "Write With AI, "choose the customizations that fit your needs, and click "Apply" to create your cover letter. That's it!

Step 1: Do your research

Before you write your cover letter, read the job description closely. Look for soft skills or other details that you can mention in your letter to show that you line up perfectly with what they're looking for.

It's also a smart idea to research the company overall. What are the company's values and mission? What does their company culture seem to be like? Press releases, news articles, and industry reports might help provide insights into the company's recent developments, challenges, and opportunities.

Find something that you can keep in your back pocket to mention in your cover letter. You'll stand out as a best candidate if you can mention something personal about that specific company, demonstrating you're truly interested in them.

Pro Tip:  You can keep track of the research you conduct in Teal's Job Application Tracker .

Step 2: Use a professional format

Your cover letter needs to use a professional format that looks visually clean and tidy. A cover letter template generally looks something like this:

• Contact information
• Introduction
• Body paragraphs

By following this cover letter sequence, you'll end up with a concise, professional letter that includes everything the company needs to know.

Step 3: Get personal

Add your personal contact details in the cover letter header (which is usually located in the top left corner of the document). You'll want to include:

• Name (first and last)
• City and state
• Phone number
• Email address

Next, include a formal greeting to the hiring manager. This is typically written as "Dear _____." You should also call the hiring manager by name. Use their first and last name to avoid accidentally misgendering anyone or making a mistake on their marital status. For instance: "Dear Jane Doe."

If you aren't sure who is hiring for the position, or you can't find the hiring manager's name, it's okay to begin your letter with "Dear Hiring Manager" or "Dear ____ Department" but do your best to uncover this information.

Step 4: Start strong

Every great cover letter starts out by grabbing the reader's attention with a strong introduction. Your opening statement should introduce yourself and reference the specific job opening you’re applying for.

In your opening paragraph, provide a brief summary of who you are and why you're interested in the position. For example: "As a recent graduate from ABC University with a BA of Marketing, I'm eager to put my skills and education to work in a dynamic and challenging environment." You'll go more in depth about your professional experience (or your education and skills, if you don't have much experience) in the following paragraphs of the letter.

Step 5: Demonstrate your skills

Even if you're applying for entry level jobs, you can impress the hiring manager by listing out the soft skills that set you apart from other job seekers. Cross-reference the job posting to make sure you're listing skills and achievements that are relevant to the job you're applying for. You should also make it clear that you're eager and willing to learn.

Teal's Job ApplicationTracker helps extract the top keywords so you can quickly customize your cover letter and let a company know exactly why you are applying for a specific position.

Prove why you’d be an asset to the company, and what you can contribute.

In addition to highlighting your transferable skills , talk about any relevant education. Maybe you have a college degree; you're currently in school; or you've completed an internship in the same industry. These might be helpful details to share to make up for any lack of professional experience.  

From start to finish, your cover letter should be 3-4 paragraphs long (less than one page, and not more than 400 words). 

Step 6: Finish with a call to action

Wrap up your cover letter with a call to action. Ask the hiring manager if you can set up an informational interview (or a regular interview). This shows that you're truly interested in the job and you're ready to get started.

Be polite and flexible with your ask, showing your willingness to work around their schedule. This might sound like, "If you have any time free next week, I would love to set up an informational interview to get an opportunity to learn more about this role. Please let me know what works for your schedule."

Step 7: Add a professional closing

End with a closing statement that's both professional and compelling, thanking the recipient for their time and reaffirming your interest in the position. Try one of these key takeaways:

• Thank you for your time. I look forward to speaking with you further about the position.
• I'm eager to learn and grow within a dynamic and collaborative team environment. Thank you for considering my application.
• I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.

Finish the letter with "Sincerely" or "Thank you" and your name.

Step 8: Proofread and save

Proofread your cover letter to catch and correct any grammatical errors or to rephrase sentences for more impact. If you aren't a career writer, consider asking a family member or friend to look at the letter, too.

When you're finished, save the letter and submit it with the application as a PDF file.

Cover letter with no experience examples

These cover letter examples can help you get started as you write a no experience cover letter.

Sample cover letter for internship

Dear Mr. Jones, My name is Jane Doe, and I'm excited to apply for the social media marketing internship position at XYZ Company. As a current college student with a passion for digital marketing, I'm eager to learn more about social media strategy and how it can be used to drive business results. Throughout my time at ABC University, I've successfully completed courses in digital marketing and social media management, and have been actively involved in managing social media accounts for several student organizations. These experiences have helped me gain a strong understanding of social media best practices such as content creation, community management, and analytics. I'm impressed by XYZ Company's creative and engaging social media content, and eager to learn more. I believe that my strong writing and communication skills make me a strong fit for this internship. I'm confident that I can bring a fresh perspective and a strong work ethic to your team and make a meaningful contribution to your social media marketing efforts. I look forward to the possibility of discussing my qualifications further. Sincerely, Jane Doe

Entry level cover letter example for recent graduate

Dear Hiring Manager, My name is Jane Doe and I'm excited to apply for the entry-level marketing position at XYZ Company. As a recent graduate from ABC University with a BA of Marketing, I'm eager to put my skills and education to work in a dynamic and challenging environment. Last year, I completed a six-month social media marketing internship. I was responsible for creating and curating content for various social media channels, managing social media campaigns, and analyzing data to track the success of our efforts. Through this experience, I developed a strong understanding of social media strategy and best practices, as well as the ability to work independently and as part of a team. In addition to my internship experience, I have taken courses in marketing research, consumer behavior, and brand management, which have given me a solid foundation in marketing theory and practice. I am also highly skilled in using various marketing tools and software, including Google Analytics, Hootsuite, and Adobe Creative Suite. I am particularly drawn to XYZ Company's innovative and customer-focused approach to marketing. I'm eager to learn and grow within a dynamic and collaborative team environment. Thank you for considering my application, Sincerely, Jane Doe

Sample cover letter for career pivoter with no experience in the field

Dear Hiring Manager, My name is Jane Doe and I'm excited to apply for the product manager position at XYZ Company. As a highly motivated and results-driven individual with a passion for innovation and problem-solving, I believe I would be an excellent fit for this role. While my career experience has primarily been in digital marketing, I've always been drawn to the strategic and analytical aspects of product management. I'm confident that my skills and experience in marketing, combined with my strong communication and project management skills, make me a strong candidate for this position. As a digital marketing professional, I've had the opportunity to work on a variety of projects that required cross-functional collaboration and coordination. Through these experiences, I have developed a strong understanding of project management principles, including scope definition, resource allocation, risk management, and stakeholder communication. I also completed college courses in product development, marketing research, and consumer behavior while getting my marketing degree. I'm particularly drawn to XYZ Company's innovative and customer-focused approach to product development, and I'm excited about the opportunity to work with a talented and collaborative team. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further. Sincerely, Jane Doe

Write your cover letter with Teal

You might not have much career experience. But you can still feel confident as you write a cover letter for your next job. Let the relevant skills, education, or life experience you do have speak for yourself.

Teal's AI Resume Builder includes a Cover Letter Generator so you can craft multiple, customized versions of your cover letter, each one tailored to the specific job description.

Take the first step towards making a great impression with customized, aligned cover letters.

Related Articles

• A complete guide to how to write a cover letter
• A simple way to write an internship cover letter
• The ultimate cover letter checklist
• Personalized cover letter best practices

Frequently Asked Questions

How do i write a cover letter if i don't have experience.

When writing a cover letter without experience, focus on your transferable skills, highlighting any relevant coursework, projects, or volunteer experiences that demonstrate your potential.

How do I say I have no experience but am willing to learn?

Highlight your existing relevant skills and how they showcase your ability to quickly incorporate new information and adapt to new challenges, demonstrating your proactive approach to learning and your readiness to tackle the role's responsibilities despite the lack of direct experience.

How do I write a cover letter for a role with no job opening?

To write a cover letter for a role with no job opening, research the company thoroughly and tailor your letter to explain how your skills and experience align with the company's mission—expressing your interest in potential future opportunities.

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Find a Job You Really Want In

Writing a cover letter for a job with no experience in that field happens a lot if you are switching fields or are fresh out of college. It can seem like a daunting task because you may think hiring managers will pass you over because of your lack of experience. Even if you don’t have experience in the field, you can still impress the hiring manager with your cover letter.

Whether you’re just entering the workforce or are switching careers, we’ll go over how to write a cover letter for a job with no experience in that field, go over the cover letter format, and provide some example cover letters to help you get started.

Key Takeaways:

Before writing your cover letter make sure you reread the job description and research the company to help add any keywords and include the company’s personality.

A well-crafted cover letter will get you noticed and get the person reading it interested enough to want to know more.

Even without all the experience needed, your cover letter is a great way to highlight the skills and qualifications that you have and how you can benefit the company.

What is a cover letter?

How to write a cover letter for a job with no experience, cover letter with no experience example, template for cover letter with no experience, tips to help write a cover letter with no experience, cover letter with no experience faq, final thoughts.

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A cover letter is your introduction and a great opportunity to highly any skills, qualifications, and experience to a hiring manager.

It’s also your first impression , so this is your chance to stand out and be recognized. A well-crafted cover letter will get you noticed and get the person reading it interested enough to want to know more.

In your cover letter, you don’t have to list all of your experience. That’s for the resume. The first hurdle you have is this cover letter, which should make it a lot easier. Writing a cover letter can be difficult, but it shouldn’t be a problem if you take it piece by piece and section by section. Luckily for you, there is a basic formula to cover letters.

The key to a successful cover letter is to follow a formula. The formula is just to help you hit the important parts of a cover letter. After that, you can get as creative as you want. It’s more about the words you choose than the way you compile them.

Here is the formula to write a cover letter with no experience in a job:

Header. This is where you list the contact information for you and the person you’re reaching out to.

[Your name] [Your email address] [Your phone number] [Your mailing address] [Date] [Hiring Manager’s name] [Company address] [Company phone number] [Hiring Manager’s email address]

Greeting. To Whom It May Concern is pretty typical, and it’s not the best approach. It can come as stuffy and awkward. Instead, try to find out who exactly your letter is reaching and then use their name. If you can’t find their name, it’s best to address them using something generic and gender-neutral.

Dear [Company Name] Recruiter Dear [Position Title] Hiring Manager Dear [Department] Team Dear Human Resources Manager

Opening paragraph. This is your chance to grab their attention. This paragraph should include your name, an explanation of your primary professional expertise, how you first encountered the job posting, and why you’re interested in being considered for the role.

Second paragraph. This fills out the cover letter a bit and lets them know why you’re the best candidate. It’s all about you. This is where you highlight your academic and professional experiences up to the present moment have made you uniquely qualified to take on the demands of the role that you’re applying to.

Third paragraph. It’s already time to sum up your cover letter. Highlight why you’re the fit they want and what you bring to them. This is all about them.

Closing paragraph. Make sure to thank them and offer to supply additional information, if necessary.

It should also let them know that you’ll follow up with them if you don’t hear back from them in a week (following the date of your cover letter’s submission). This is typically only a sentence or two.

Sign off. Then sign off with a polite and professional close and follow it by your name. We highly recommend putting your email and phone number under your name so they can get in touch with you immediately. Some people also include a link to their professional portfolios or their LinkedIn profile .

Here is a cover letter with no experience but willing to learn example to help you get started today:

8/21/2021 Amy Andrews 234 Park Street Marion, IL 63969 (777) 333-5555 [email protected] Franklin Pierce Hiring Manager Knitting Magazine 678 Broadway Marion, IL 63969 Dear Mr. Pierce, I am excited to see your opening for a Junior Editor for Knitting Magazine. While I’m an entry-level applicant, I do bring a lot of knitting experience to the table. I’ve been an avid knitter and pattern designer for the last ten years. I’ve had many of my designs published, and one even appeared in your magazine in the April edition of 2020. I’m just completing my education at Loyola University and looking for my first professional job. I’ve done very well in my classes and am on track to graduate with honors. I’ve taken several English classes and feel that my editing and writing skills are exceptional. Beyond that, I know that writing about knitting takes passion, and I bring that to this job like few others. Knitting is core to who I am as a person. I would love the opportunity to bring my passion to this position and to grow with Knitting Magazine. I believe I could thrive and bring a lot of enthusiasm to this position and the team. I’m also willing to learn and take any additional classes or training necessary to become your Junior Editor. I’m enclosing my resume and a sample of one of my published knitting patterns. Please feel free to reach out if you have any additional requests. Thank you for your time. Best Regards, Amy Andrews (777) 333-5555 [email protected]

As we mentioned above, there is a formula to cover letters. This can make it very easy for you to start. We suggest following this template initially and plugging in the information. Then, going back and tweaking it to make it more interesting and a standout. Here’s your basic starting cover letter template.

[Date] [Your Name] [Address] [Contact Information] [Addressee] [Their Address] [Dear Addressee,] First paragraph – Let them know that you’re excited to apply for this position and why you think hiring you would benefit their company. There is no need to shy away from admitting you don’t have any experience but make up for it in other ways. Second paragraph – Explain why you’re worth taking a chance on. List all the great things about you that make you someone a company wants to have on staff. Third paragraph – Encourage them to think outside of the box and realize all you bring to the job that isn’t related to experience. Let them know that hiring you is the best thing they can do. Sign out, [Your Name] [Contact Information]

When writing your cover letter with no experience, you should reread the job listing and research the company. This will help you get an understanding of what the company is looking for. Here are some more tips to keep in mind when writing a cover letter with no experience:

Reread job listing. The first thing you should do before writing any cover letter is review the job listing carefully. As you re-read it, pay attention to what the company is looking for.

Are they looking for someone who has to deal with the public? If so, you might have some good communication skills to highlight. Are they looking for an organized person? Do you have those skills? Do they want a leader ? Have you been in the position of a leader in your life?

Research the company. Go to the company’s website and see what they’re all about. A website can tell you a lot about a company but what’s most important to you now is their “personality.”

Yes, a company has a personality. Is the company very professional, or do they pride themselves on being laid back and fun? What are their company values , and how do you fit in? This is all important information.

As you were researching, what made that job jump out as one you desperately want? If you want it, why? Try to figure out what you bring to the company, and why you’d be the best fit. If you don’t have any professional experience, do you bring enthusiasm, a willingness to learn, outside experience, or talent? These are the things you’ll focus on in your cover letter.

Proofread. Before sending your cover letter, make sure to read over it a few times. This will help eliminate any spelling or grammar errors. You can also have someone else look over it to help catch anything that you might have missed.

Send a test message. If you are sending your cover letter over email, make sure to send a message to yourself first. This will help make sure that your attachments work and that the formatting is correct. Once you are sure it’s fine, send one to the hiring manager . You can also BCC yourself on that just to make sure it was delivered and error-free.

What to say when applying for a job with no experience?

When applying for a job with no experience, you should focus on your relevant skills and how they apply to the job. A great way to do that is to use your cover letter. This will allow you to talk about your achievements and your goals for the future, while still tying them back to the job.

Can you write a cover letter with no experience?

Yes, you can write a cover letter with no experience. While it may be challenging, you should focus on your relevant skills and why you are the best candidate for the position. You also want to showcase your willingness to learn.

How do you say you have no experience but are willing to learn?

“While I don’t have experience in [field you are applying], I am a fast learner and I am confident I can do [job title] successfully.” Being confident is a great way to impress an interviewer . You will also want to show them that you are a fast learner by using an example from your past when you learned a new skill or new program.

Don’t fear the cover letter when you don’t have any job experience . It’s actually the perfect introduction for you. This is your chance to explain why you’re a great choice for so many other reasons. Let them know you can be trained to do the job, but the other skills you bring are not trainable, which is why you’re the best applicant.

Your resume is the place where you’re meant to list all of your professional skills and experience. This is where it can get tricky if you don’t have any experience or all of your experience is in another field, which is why a cover letter is ideal.

If you’ve done it well, you’ve already piqued their interest, and they’re ready to overlook your lack of experience in the field. You’ve moved ahead of other candidates already if you can accomplish this.

Harvard Extension School – Resume and Cover Letters

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Kristin Kizer is an award-winning writer, television and documentary producer, and content specialist who has worked on a wide variety of written, broadcast, and electronic publications. A former writer/producer for The Discovery Channel, she is now a freelance writer and delighted to be sharing her talents and time with the wonderful Zippia audience.

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How To Write a Cover Letter With No Experience in 9 Steps [2024]

• December 11, 2023
• In Resumes & Cover Letters

Writing the perfect cover letter is a challenge even for seasoned professionals. But when you are writing a cover letter with no experience, the stakes are even higher. Demonstrating your value without any professional experience is more challenging. To ensure you stand out from the sea of applicants, you should focus on the value you can provide and the skills that make you the ideal candidate.

How to write a cover letter with no experience

1.  Read the job description and research the company 2. Use a professional cover letter template 3. Share your contact information at the top of your letter 4. Greet the hiring manager and introduce yourself 5. List your relevant achievements and skills 6. Explain what makes you the ideal candidate 7. Ask for an interview 8. Proofread for grammar and spelling issues 9. Save your cover letter as a PDF and submit it

When writing a cover letter with no experience, you should focus mainly on the relevant soft skills you possess. Regardless of whether you obtained them through education, training, or volunteering, they are your most valuable assets in the job hunt. Additionally, hiring managers appreciate a strong set of soft skills because they are hard to teach. Apart from featuring your soft skills, show your ability to learn and adapt. This is crucial if you are entering the job market with minimal experience.

How to write a cover letter with no experience in 9 steps

Step 1: read the job description and research the company.

Before writing your cover letter, ensure that you are focusing on skills relevant to the company and position you are applying to. Carefully read through the job listing and the company’s website to assess which skills you have. Then, use these key skills as keywords throughout your resume and explain how they may help you succeed on the job. Remember to also review the company’s values and culture. You can integrate these into your cover letter by explaining how they align with your personal values.

Step 2: Use a professional cover letter template

A cover letter template is a great way to get started when writing a cover letter with no experience. Essentially, a template will help you with the layout and overall design of your cover letter. First, find a template that looks professional, polished, and easy to read. Then, copy and paste it into a word processing software and start filling in your information and text. Stick to the general layout of the template for the body of your cover letter as well as your details. This will make your cover letter more professional and easier to scan.

Step 3:  Address the recipient by name

To make sure the hiring manager knows how to get in touch with you, list your name, email address, and telephone number in the top left corner. Also, you can add a date and the company or employer’s name and address. If you have professional social media profiles, link to them and your online portfolio at the top of your cover letter as well.

Step 4:  Show enthusiasm in the opening paragraph

When writing a cover letter it’s important to convey your genuine interest in the position and the company. Here are a few examples of opening sentences that showcase enthusiasm for a cover letter when you have no work experience:

Step 5: List your relevant achievements and skills

In this section, explain your greatest strengths and why they are valuable for the position. When writing a cover letter with no experience, you can highlight the skills you gained through education or casual jobs. For example, if you led a school club, explain how this allowed you to develop leadership and communication skills. Most importantly, explain how these skills and experiences would be beneficial to the company.

Step 6: Explain what makes you the ideal candidate

In the body of your cover letter, you should convince the hiring manager that you are the best fit for the position. To do this, go the extra mile and show that you did your research. Mention the values or goals you share with the company or bring up a recent project you liked. This will show your dedication and interest in the position. To reiterate your passion for the role, you can also outline some of the key responsibilities and why you are excited to take on them. Very often, passion for the job and commitment to learning can outweigh professional experience in the hiring manager’s eyes. Hence, express your honest interest and passion for the job, as this can make you stand out.

Step 7: Ask for an interview

In the last paragraph, you should summarize your main points and reiterate your interest in the role. Be enthusiastic about the opportunity and ask for an interview straight away. This can often increase your chances of getting a callback, so don’t skip this step. Finally, thank the hiring manager for the opportunity as well as their time. To sign off, use “Sincerely,” followed by your full name at the end of your cover letter.

Step 8: Proofread for grammar and spelling issues

Once you have finished these steps, it is time to polish your cover letter up. Read through the document a few times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes. Also, check if the writing is continuous, simple to understand, and clear. It can be helpful to get a second opinion, so try sending your cover letter to a friend or a family member for proofreading.

Step 9: Save your cover letter as a PDF and submit it

Once your cover letter is ready to be sent, check if the formatting is consistent and edit it if necessary. Then, save it as a PDF, unless the job posting requires another specific format. Some employers prefer the cover letters to be emailed to HR, while others may let you attach it to your application file. So, always check whether the job posting specifies this.

Read more:  “9 Cover Letter Mistakes and How to Fix Them

Sample cover letter with no experience

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am reaching out to convey my sincere enthusiasm for the [Job Title] opportunity at [Company Name]. As a recent graduate with a passion for [relevant field or industry], I am eager to contribute to the innovative work being done at [Company Name].

During my academic pursuits, I have developed a solid foundation in [relevant skills or coursework], which I believe will be valuable in the [Job Title] role. Additionally, my dedication to [specific quality or skill] has been recognized by my instructors, and I am confident in my ability to apply these skills to support the goals of [Company Name].

I am particularly drawn to [specific aspect of the company or role], and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to [specific project or goal]. I am confident that my strong work ethic, coupled with my enthusiasm for learning, will make me a valuable addition to the [Company Name] team.

Thank you for considering my application. I am looking forward to the possibility of discussing how my background, skills, and enthusiasm can contribute to the continued success of [Company Name]. Please find my resume attached for your review.

[Your Name]

Cover letter with no experience for internship example

By following these steps, you will be able to create the perfect cover letter. Remember that the key to writing an impactful cover letter with no experience is to focus on the valuable skills and experience you have. Follow these 9 easy steps, and you will end up with a cover letter that will get your application noticed and help you land your dream job.

FAQ – Cover Letter With No Experience

How do i format a cover letter with no experience.

To format a cover letter with no experience, follow these steps:

• Use a professional format : Format your cover letter like a formal business letter. Include your contact information at the top, followed by the date and the employer’s contact information.
• Include a proper salutation : If possible, address the cover letter to a specific person, such as the hiring manager or recruiter. If you don’t have a name, you can use a generic salutation like “Dear Hiring Manager.”
• Write a compelling introduction : Start your cover letter with a strong and attention-grabbing opening sentence. Introduce yourself and mention the position you’re applying for.
• Highlight your skills and strengths : In the body of the cover letter, focus on your transferable skills, relevant coursework, internships, volunteer work, or other experiences that demonstrate your qualifications for the position. Explain how these experiences have prepared you for the role.
• Show enthusiasm and motivation : Express your genuine interest in the company and the position. Explain why you are passionate about the field or industry and how you are eager to learn and grow in the role.
• Tailor the letter to the job : Customize your cover letter for each job application. Research the company and the job requirements to identify specific skills or qualities they are seeking. Highlight those skills and explain how you can contribute to their organization.
• Close the letter professionally : Thank the employer for considering your application and express your interest in further discussing your qualifications. End the letter with a professional closing, such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your name and contact information.

What tone should I use in a cover letter with no experience?

When writing a cover letter with no experience, it’s important to strike the right tone to make a positive impression on the employer. Here are some tips on the tone you should use:

• Professional tone : Maintain a professional tone throughout your cover letter. Use clear and concise language, and avoid using overly casual or informal language.
• Enthusiastic tone : Show your enthusiasm and eagerness to learn and contribute to the company. Highlight your passion for the industry or field and your motivation to succeed.
• Professional and polite language : Use polite and respectful language in your cover letter. Avoid using slang or jargon that may not be familiar to the employer.

Popular related posts:

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• Cover Letter Format: A Step-by-Step Guide for 2024
• Do I Need a Cover Letter? When is a Cover Letter Necessary?
• Cover Letter Examples [To Get Inspired in 2024]
• 10 Common Cover Letter Questions Answered

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• Cover Letters

Writing a Cover Letter Without Job Experience: Examples & Templates

Last Updated: July 3, 2023 Fact Checked

• Writing Your Letter
• Example Letter

This article was reviewed by Seth Hall and by wikiHow staff writer, Johnathan Fuentes . Seth T. Hall (ICF ACC, CLC, and MNLP) is a Certified Life Coach and Founder of Transformational Solutions, a Los Angeles-based life-coaching company that helps people achieve their toughest goals, find their own voice, and think outside the box. He has been a life coach for over 10 years, specializing in personal development, relationships, career and finance, and wellness. He has helped his clients break the negative cycles in their lives and replace them with a positive, proactive mindset. Seth believes that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling and rewarding life, and works passionately to help them reach their full potential. With a deep understanding of how our minds work and the power of positive thinking, he encourages his clients to find their unique paths in life and find success on their own terms. He is a certified master practitioner of Neuro-Linguistic Programming, a featured co-author for WikiHow, and co-author of "The Mountain Method”, “The Happy Tiger”, and “The V.I.S.I.O.N.S. Program”. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 3,937 times.

When applying for a job, a cover letter gives you a chance to impress a potential employer and convince them to interview you for the role. But what if you don’t have experience in the job you’re applying to? If you want it, go for it—but you’ll need to write your cover letter a bit differently. This guide explains how to write a cover letter when you lack relevant experience. We’ve even included an example letter and template for you to use on your own job hunt. Keep reading to persuade a recruiter to take a chance on you, all thanks to a great cover letter.

Things You Should Know

• Carefully read the job posting and research the organization thoroughly. Note any specific skills and qualifications required for the role.
• Explain why you are interested in the role. Discuss your skills and background, and describe how they are transferable to the job you’re applying to.
• Emphasize your talents, personality, work ethic, and other attributes that make you qualified for the job. Explain why the company aligns with your career goals.

Writing Your Cover Letter

• Make a list of your own skills, qualifications, and previous work experience that could be applicable to the job.
• For instance, if you’re applying for a teller position with a local bank, you can list previous customer service work, experience handling money, and your overall trustworthiness and work ethic.
• Visit the organization’s website to learn about their work. For a bank teller position, for example, you could learn about the specific financial products and services offered by the bank.

• You can also include your phone number and email beneath your mailing address, above the date.
• For a fancier look, center your contact information at the top of the letter, just as you would on a resume. If you do this, place the date on the left, two lines beneath your contact information.

• For example, if the recipient was a professor and department chair at a university, you could write “Prof. Emily Smith” followed by “Chair, Department of Physics” on the next line.
• Align this information to the left, two lines below the date.
• If you don’t know who will read the letter, exclude the recipient’s name and title. Be sure to put the organization’s name and address.

• Use a comma after a “Dear” greeting, such as “Dear Mr. Brown.” Use the recipient's name whenever possible since this makes your cover letter more personal.

• You could say “I’m writing to apply for the position of Instructor at Lotus Yoga Studio. I came across this opportunity on your website.”
• You could then add “I have practiced yoga for several years and would be excited for the opportunity to teach it to students.”
• If you learned about the position from a specific person, you can reference that person in your opening paragraph: “I was made aware of this opportunity by my close friend, Abby Smith, who was previously an instructor at your studio.”
• You don’t need to introduce yourself by name, as in “My name is Sofia Romero.” The recruiter will see your name at the top of the letter.

• Use keywords from the job posting that refer to specific skills. For example, “customer service,” “teaching experience,” or specific programming languages like “Javascript” could be keywords.
• If you’re a student, emphasize extracurriculars, leadership positions, and academic achievements. [6] X Research source
• If you’re applying for a math tutoring position for grades K-3, you could mention your academic performance in math classes. You could also discuss previous experience working with children, like babysitting or camp counselor roles.
• Discuss your temperament and work ethic too. For instance, you could say “I am patient, kind, and very comfortable working with groups of children in a learning environment.”

• For a sales job, you could say “I am very extroverted and thrive in fast-paced environments. I also enjoy the challenge of exceeding quotas. For these reasons, I believe I’m naturally suited for a career in sales.”
• You could also reference the company’s mission and values: “I am impressed by the quality of ABC, Inc.’s products and their commitment to their customers.”

• You could write: “I would welcome the chance to interview for this position. I believe my background and skill set make me an excellent fit for this role, and I see a future myself at ABC, Inc. Thank you for your time and consideration.”
• If you know the recruiter or their managers by name, you could thank them personally: “Please send my warmest regards to Ms. Rhodes and the rest of the team.”

• If you sign the letter, sign it in the space above your printed name.
• Make sure your letter fits on one page. If it’s too long, consider cutting down some of the paragraphs, but avoid altering the margins or making the font too small.

• Set the letter aside for a few hours or overnight, then read it again with “fresh” eyes. This makes it easier to catch mistakes.
• Have a friend or family member read the letter and offer feedback. Ask them if any sections were unclear or confusing.
• Check the job posting again to make sure you’ve covered everything. If you forgot to include something important, add it to the letter now, then proofread it again.

• Check the PDF after saving it to make sure the formatting is right. Check the spacing and font, and make sure the letter fits on one page.
• If you send the letter by email, include a subject line like “Re: Cover letter for Marketing Position with ABC, Inc.” Write a 2-3 sentence email introducing yourself. State the position you're applying for, mention the attached cover letter, and include your contact information.

Example Cover Letter

• Dana Robinson 12 5th Avenue Seattle, WA 98109 (555) 277-1771 [email protected] October 5, 2023 ABC Inc. 4500 West 57th Street New York, NY 10019 Dear Hiring Committee, I am writing to apply for the role of Sales Representative for ABC, Inc. I learned of this opportunity from the listing on your company’s website. I believe my strong communication skills, friendly personality, and experience in customer service make me a strong fit for this role. I am a recent graduate of South Seattle Community College, where I obtained an Associate’s Degree in Marketing. While completing my studies, I worked full-time as a Customer Service Associate for XYZ Pharmacy. In this role, I helped customers obtain medication and healthcare products that fit their needs. I also developed an understanding of our company’s financial goals, and learned that happy customers could boost our store’s profits. I feel this knowledge and experience would be directly transferable to the Sales Representative role with your company. I believe ABC, Inc.’s values and mission are strongly aligned with my professional goals. ABC values its customers, and your top-quality products and brand recognition and second to none. As someone who loves working with people, I would be honored to sell your products to customers and build ongoing relationships with suppliers and retailers. My outgoing personality and strong work ethic make me a natural fit for this kind of work. Most importantly, I see many opportunities to grow with ABC, Inc. as it expands its customer base nationwide. I would welcome the chance to interview for this position. I believe my skills, previous experience, and ambitions for the future make me an excellent fit. I also see a future for myself at ABC, Inc. and would be honored to join your team. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, Dana Robinson.

Blank Cover Letter Template

• [Your Name] [Your Street Address] [Your City, State & Zip Code] [Your Phone Number] [Your Email] [Today’s Date] [Recipient’s Name - leave out if unknown] [Recipient’s Title - leave out if the recipient is unknown] [Company Name] [Company Street Address] [Company’s City, State & Zip Code] Dear [Recipient’s Name - use if recipient is known] , Dear Hiring Manager, [Use if recipient’s name is not known] I am writing to apply for the role of [Job Title] with [Company Name] . I learned of this opportunity from [Job Posting or Name of Person who referred you] . [1 sentence listing skills and experience that are applicable to the job] . [1 sentence stating your current job, school you recently graduated from, or school you’re currently attending] . [4-5 sentences explaining your skills and previous work experience. Explain how these skills and experiences are transferable to the job you’re applying for] . I believe [Company Name] ’s values and mission are strongly aligned with my professional goals. [4-5 sentences explaining what you like about the company, why you want to work there, and how working there will help you achieve your goals] . I would welcome the chance to interview for this position. I believe my skills, previous experience, and ambitions for the future make me an excellent fit. I also see a future for myself at [Company Name] and would be honored to join your team. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, [Your Name]

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

• ↑ https://socialwork.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/cover-letters.pdf
• ↑ https://hls.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/allcoverlettersweb2011.pdf
• ↑ https://icc.ucdavis.edu/materials/cover-letters
• ↑ https://vp4.wne.edu/career-development-center/doc/The-Cover-Letter-2021.pdf
• ↑ https://careers.bloch.umkc.edu/blog/2021/10/20/7-tips-for-writing-a-cover-letter-with-no-experience/
• ↑ https://law.ubalt.edu/career/students/currentstudents/Cover%20Letter%20Guide.pdf
• ↑ https://career.uci.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/QT_WriteACoverLetterCE.pdf
• ↑ https://law.seattleu.edu/media/school-of-law/documents/careers/additional-documents/Preparing-a-Cover-Letter.pdf

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How to Write a Cover Letter for a Job With No Experience in That Field

In This Guide:

When do you need to write a cover letter without experience.

Quick Answer: Writing a cover letter with no experience is challenging when applying for a job. A well-written cover letter can give you an edge over other candidates and help you stand out. Highlight your transferable skills, achievements, and knowledge of the company to create an impressive entry-level cover letter. Emphasize your soft skills and extracurricular experience to demonstrate your motivation, and don't forget to research the company. Remember, you have many personal qualities and skills that you can showcase.

Finding the perfect job is a challenge for many professionals. Now imagine what a struggle it is for a person with no experience.

Writing a cover letter with no experience is one of the biggest challenges when applying for your dream position.

Probably some of you are thinking:

“I have no experience, why should I bother with a cover letter, too?”

We believe that a well-written cover letter can open many doors for you, much so than just a resume.

So stay with us and make your cover letter perfect.

Meanwhile, you can steal a couple of ideas from our Cover Letter Examples .

Upload & Check Your Resume

Drop your resume here or choose a file . PDF & DOCX only. Max 2MB file size.

When applying for a job, it is not enough to just attach your resume.

Recruiters want to know more about you.

They want to understand what you are proud of, what are your achievements and goals. They want to know your strengths and weaknesses.

The Hiring Managers know how challenging it is to write a cover letter without experience when changing a job or starting your career.

Be ready to impress them.

Career change cover letter

Have you decided to change careers?

That’s awesome.

However, at first, it would be a little bit hard to find a job.

Don’t worry.

We will help you make a killer cover letter with no experience.

Focus on transferable skills

Use your last career skills and transfer them to your new job. Sharing how they are going to help you in your new position will be only in your advantage.

Let’s say, you have worked in a hotel’s reception and now you want to work in Human Resources.

Tell the Recruiter about your communication and people skills. Explain that the guests always gave you a tip and left the hotel in a good mood after talking to you.

But don’t lie.

Tell your real abilities.

If you have used MS Word once or twice, don’t write that you are a master in it.

You can transfer almost all of your skills and have them work for you.

This is one great example from Housten Schneider on how to benefit from your abilities. She used her old job activities to explain how she could improve the company’s results.

What is more, Housten made it clear that she has researched the company and knows it’s main projects and desired goals.

You can also read Housten Schneider’s whole cover letter with no experience .

Performance and results

What are the two things that every company is most interested in?

Success and profits.

To have that, they need self-driven employees to help them through the process and achieve their goals.

Write about your success stories. They could be closed deals with clients, doubling the orders, or website visits.

No matter which career path you have chosen, there are always suitable achievements to tell.

Reinforce why you want to apply for the given company

You shouldn’t forget that, in the end, it’s another person reading your cover letter.

The Recruiters need to know why you want to work in the company.

Do your homework and read a little bit about the company, their goals, their impact, and their main projects.

Show them that you actually care about the company and they are not just the “next one” for which you have applied today.

Don’t start with ”I apply everywhere because only a few firms reply”.

They actually reply if you invest some time in researching the company.

Show them that you have what they need, you will receive an invitation for an interview for sure.

Entry level cover letter

Show you've researched the company and the industry.

Researching the company for your cover letter is not only good when changing careers.

If you are an entry-level candidate, you have little experience, which is mostly part of your university life. Knowing what the company is looking for in a candidate, you could use it to underline your strengths. Even though you have no professional background.

What’s more, you can tell why you like the company and why you want to work there. Be absolutely honest.

Mac Kelly makes this reinforcement very smoothly. He explains how he has learned about the BMW Group and what made an impression on him. Also, there is a little boost in the ego for the Hiring Manager, because you know… not every company has an exceptional Business Culture.

Recruiters appreciate that.

Do you want to know more? You can read Mac Kelly’s and one more cover letter with no experience .

Stress on your soft skills

Even without experience, you can always stress your soft skills.

They are an important part of your character and they could help you make a good first impression.

For example, if you want to work in a customer service job, most of the companies are searching for people who are good in:

• Negotiation
• Nonverbal communication
• Reading body language
• Storytelling
• Verbal communication and others.

Every position has particular soft skills set and most of the time they are written in the job description.

Include those which describe you best and give examples. Write situations in which these skills have helped you overcome a difficult situation. Here’s a guide we wrote about including skills on your resume , but it’s worth a read for the cover letter, too.

Talk about your extracurricular activities and volunteer experience

Focus the Recruiter’s attention to your experience outside of school or university. It could be any extracurricular activity or volunteer work  related to the position you are applying to.

For example, you could have been part of your local Red Cross team and participated in their yearly initiatives such as spreading out the word on important health subjects.

Or you could have been part of a student organization or a club and made your school and university a better place to study in.

Adding this experience in your cover letter tells the Recruiter that you have organizational skills, you are motivated and driven, and also you want to help others.

What is more, NGOs help you develop yourself and bring greater purpose to your life.

So remember, when you’re trying to write a cover letter with no experience, it is a real challenge to convince the Recruiter that you have what it takes to handle the job.

But it only takes several key considerations to ace it.

Always remember, that you have many skills and personal characteristics – as well as a history of accomplishments outside of the university.

Highlight those strengths and create a cover letter that can help you get that all-important interview.

Now it’s your time. Go and write one.

Of course, if you’re looking for help to write truly professional cover letters that will help you get noticed, you can always use our Cover Letter Builder .

Do you have any questions on how to write a cover letter with no experience? Not sure how to show you’re the right candidate? Get back to us in the comments below, and we’ll answer your questions.

• Cover Letter Guides

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How to Write a Cover Letter [Full Guide & Examples for 2024]

After weeks of heavy job searching, you’re almost there!

You’ve perfected your resume.

You’ve short-listed the coolest jobs you want to apply for.

You’ve even had a friend train you for every single interview question out there.

But then, before you can send in your application and call it a day, you remember that you need to write a cover letter too.

So now, you’re stuck staring at a blank page, wondering where to start...

Don’t panic! We’ve got you covered. Writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might think. 

In this guide, we’re going to teach you how to write a cover letter that gets you the job you deserve.

We're going to cover:

What Is a Cover Letter?

• How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter, Step by Step
• 15+ Job-Winning Cover Letter Examples

Let’s get started.

A cover letter is a document that you submit as part of your job application, alongside your resume or CV.

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, it should be around 250 to 400 words long .

A good cover letter is supposed to impress the hiring manager and convince them you’re worth interviewing as a candidate.

So, how can your cover letter achieve this?

First of all, it should complement your resume, not copy it. Your cover letter is your chance to elaborate on important achievements, skills, or anything else that your resume doesn’t give you the space to cover. 

For example, if you have an employment gap on your resume, the cover letter is a great place to explain why it happened and how it helped you grow as a person. 

If this is your first time writing a cover letter, writing about yourself might seem complicated. But don’t worry—you don’t need to be super creative or even a good writer .

All you have to do is follow this tried and tested cover letter structure:

• Header. Add all the necessary contact information at the top of your cover letter.
• Formal greeting. Choose an appropriate way to greet your target audience.
• Introduction. Introduce yourself in the opening paragraph and explain your interest in the role.
• Body. Elaborate on why you’re the best candidate for the job and a good match for the company. Focus on “selling” your skills, achievements, and relevant professional experiences.
• Conclusion. Summarize your key points and wrap it up professionally.

Now, let’s take a look at an example of a cover letter that follows our structure perfectly:

New to cover letter writing? Give our cover letter video a watch before diving into the article!

When Should You Write a Cover Letter?

You should always include a cover letter in your job application, even if the hiring manager never reads it. Submitting a cover letter is as important as submitting a resume if you want to look like a serious candidate.

If the employer requests a cover letter as part of the screening process, not sending one is a huge red flag and will probably get your application tossed into the “no” pile immediately.

On the other hand, if the job advertisement doesn’t require a cover letter from the candidates, adding one shows you went the extra mile.

Putting in the effort to write a cover letter can set you apart from other candidates with similar professional experience and skills, and it could even sway the hiring manager to call you for an interview if you do it right.

Need to write a letter to help get you into a good school or volunteer program? Check out our guide to learn how to write a motivation letter !

How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter

Now that you know what a cover letter is, it’s time to learn how to write one!

We’ll go through the process in detail, step by step.

#1. Choose the Right Cover Letter Template

A good cover letter is all about leaving the right first impression.

So, what’s a better way to leave a good impression than a well-formatted, stylish template?

Just choose one of our hand-picked cover letter templates , and you’ll be all set in no time!

As a bonus, our intuitive AI will even give you suggestions on how to improve your cover letter as you write it. You’ll have the perfect cover letter done in minutes!

#2. Put Contact Information in the Header

As with a resume, it’s important to start your cover letter with your contact details at the top. These should be in your cover letter’s header, separated neatly from the bulk of your text.

Here, you want to include all the essential contact information , including:

• Full Name. Your first and last name should stand out at the top.
• Job Title. Match the professional title underneath your name to the exact job title of the position you’re applying for. Hiring managers often hire for several roles at once, so giving them this cue about what role you’re after helps things go smoother.
• Email Address. Always use a professional and easy-to-spell email address. Ideally, it should combine your first and last names.
• Phone Number. Add a number where the hiring manager can easily reach you.
• Location. Add your city and state/country, no need for more details.
• Relevant Links (optional). You can add links to websites or social media profiles that are relevant to your field. Examples include a LinkedIn profile , Github, or an online portfolio.

Then it’s time to add the recipient’s contact details, such as:

• Hiring Manager's Name. If you can find the name of the hiring manager, add it.
• Hiring Manager's Title. While there’s no harm in writing “hiring manager,” if they’re the head of the department, we recommend you use that title accordingly.
• Company Name. Make sure to write the name of the company you're applying to.
• Location. The city and state/country are usually enough information here, too.
• Date of Writing (Optional). You can include the date you wrote your cover letter for an extra professional touch.

#3. Address the Hiring Manager

Once you’ve properly listed all the contact information, it’s time to start writing the content of the cover letter.

The first thing you need to do here is to address your cover letter directly to the hiring manager.

In fact, you want to address the hiring manager personally .

Forget the old “Dear Sir or Madam” or the impersonal “To Whom It May Concern.” You want to give your future boss a good impression and show them that you did your research before sending in your application.

No one wants to hire a job seeker who just spams 20+ companies and hopes something sticks with their generic approach

So, how do you find out who’s the hiring manager?

First, check the job ad. The hiring manager’s name might be listed somewhere in it.

If that doesn’t work, check the company’s LinkedIn page. You just need to look up the head of the relevant department you’re applying to, and you’re all set.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of Communication Specialist at Novorésumé. The hiring manager is probably the Head of Communications or the Chief Communications Officer.

Here’s what you should look for on LinkedIn:

And there you go! You have your hiring manager.

But let’s say you’re applying for a position as a server . In that case, you’d be looking for the “restaurant manager” or “food and beverage manager.”

If the results don’t come up with anything, try checking out the “Team” page on the company website; there’s a good chance you’ll at least find the right person there.

Make sure to address them as Mr. or Ms., followed by their last name. If you’re not sure about their gender or marital status, you can just stick to their full name, like so:

• Dear Mr. Kurtuy,
• Dear Andrei Kurtuy,

But what if you still can’t find the hiring manager’s name, no matter where you look?

No worries. You can direct your cover letter to the company, department, or team as a whole, or just skip the hiring manager’s name.

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear [Department] Team
• Dear [Company Name]

Are you applying for a research position? Learn how to write an academic personal statement .

#4. Write an Eye-Catching Introduction

First impressions matter, especially when it comes to your job search.

Hiring managers get hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of applications. Chances are, they’re not going to be reading every single cover letter end-to-end.

So, it’s essential to catch their attention from the very first paragraph.

The biggest problem with most opening paragraphs is that they’re usually extremely generic. Here’s an example:

• My name is Jonathan, and I’d like to work as a Sales Manager at XYZ Inc. I’ve worked as a Sales Manager at MadeUpCompany Inc. for 5+ years, so I believe that I’d be a good fit for the position.

See the issue here? This opening paragraph doesn’t say anything except the fact that you’ve worked the job before.

And do you know who else has similar work experience? All the other applicants you’re competing with.

Instead, you want to start with some of your top achievements to grab the reader’s attention. And to get the point across, the achievements should be as relevant as possible to the position.

Your opening paragraph should also show the hiring manager a bit about why you want this specific job. For example, mention how the job relates to your plans for the future or how it can help you grow professionally. This will show the hiring manager that you’re not just applying left and right—you’re actually enthusiastic about getting this particular role.

Now, let’s make our previous example shine:

Dear Mr. Smith,

My name’s Michael, and I’d like to help XYZ Inc. hit and exceed its sales goals as a Sales Manager. I’ve worked as a Sales Representative with Company X, another fin-tech company , for 3+ years, where I generated an average of $30,000+ in sales per month and beat the KPIs by around 40%. I believe that my previous industry experience, passion for finance , and excellence in sales make me the right candidate for the job.

The second candidate starts with what they can do for the company in the future and immediately lists an impressive and relevant achievement. Since they’re experienced in the same industry and interested in finance, the hiring manager can see they’re not just a random applicant.

From this introduction, it’s safe to say that the hiring manager would read the rest of this candidate’s cover letter.

#5. Use the Cover Letter Body for Details

The next part of your cover letter is where you can go into detail about what sets you apart as a qualified candidate for the job.

The main thing you need to remember here is that you shouldn’t make it all about yourself . Your cover letter is supposed to show the hiring manager how you relate to the job and the company you’re applying to.

No matter how cool you make yourself sound in your cover letter, if you don’t tailor it to match what the hiring manager is looking for, you’re not getting an interview.

To get this right, use the job ad as a reference when writing your cover letter. Make sure to highlight skills and achievements that match the job requirements, and you’re good to go.

Since this part of your cover letter is by far the longest, you should split it into at least two paragraphs.

Here’s what each paragraph should cover:

Explain Why You’re the Perfect Candidate for the Role

Before you can show the hiring manager that you’re exactly what they’ve been looking for, you need to know what it is they’re looking for.

Start by doing a bit of research. Learn what the most important skills and responsibilities of the role are according to the job ad, and focus on any relevant experience you have that matches them.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of a Facebook Advertiser. The top requirements on the job ad are:

• Experience managing a Facebook ad budget of $10,000+ / month
• Some skills in advertising on other platforms (Google Search + Twitter)
• Excellent copywriting skills

So, in the body of your cover letter, you need to show how you meet these requirements. Here’s an example of what that can look like:

In my previous role as a Facebook Marketing Expert at XYZ Inc. I handled customer acquisition through ads, managing a monthly Facebook ad budget of $40,000+ . As the sole digital marketer at the company, I managed the ad creation and management process end-to-end. I created the ad copy and images, picked the targeting, ran optimization trials, and so on.

Other than Facebook advertising, I’ve also delved into other online PPC channels, including:

• Google Search

Our example addresses all the necessary requirements and shows off the candidate’s relevant skills.

Are you a student applying for your first internship? Learn how to write an internship cover letter with our dedicated guide.

Explain Why You’re a Good Fit for the Company

As skilled and experienced as you may be, that’s not all the hiring manager is looking for.

They also want someone who’s a good fit for their company and who actually wants to work there.

Employees who don’t fit in with the company culture are likely to quit sooner or later. This ends up costing the company a ton of money, up to 50% of the employee’s annual salary , so hiring managers vet candidates very carefully to avoid this scenario.

So, you have to convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about working with them.

Start by doing some research about the company. You want to know things like:

• What’s the company’s business model?
• What’s the company’s product or service? Have you used it?
• What’s the company’s culture like?

Chances are, you’ll find all the information you need either on the company website or on job-search websites like Jobscan or Glassdoor.

Then, pick your favorite thing about the company and talk about it in your cover letter.

But don’t just describe the company in its own words just to flatter them. Be super specific—the hiring manager can see through any fluff.

For example, if you’re passionate about their product and you like the company’s culture of innovation and independent work model, you can write something like:

I’ve personally used the XYZ Smartphone, and I believe that it’s the most innovative tech I’ve used in years. The features, such as Made-Up-Feature #1 and Made-Up-Feature #2, were real game changers for the device.

I really admire how Company XYZ strives for excellence in all its product lines, creating market-leading tech. As someone who thrives in a self-driven environment, I truly believe that I’ll be a great match for your Product Design team.

So, make sure to do your fair share of research and come up with good reasons why you're applying to that specific company.

Is the company you want to work for not hiring at the moment? Check out our guide to writing a letter of interest .

#6. Wrap It Up and Sign It

Finally, it’s time to conclude your cover letter.

In the final paragraph, you want to:

• Wrap up any points you couldn't make in the previous paragraphs. Do you have anything left to say? If there’s any other information that could help the hiring manager make their decision, mention it here. If not, just recap your key selling points so far, such as key skills and expertise.
• Express gratitude. Politely thanking the hiring manager for their time is always a good idea.
• Finish the cover letter with a call to action. The very last sentence in your cover letter should be a call to action. This means you should ask the hiring manager to do something, like call you and discuss your application or arrange an interview.
• Remember to sign your cover letter. Just add a formal closing line and sign your name at the bottom.

Here’s an example of how to end your cover letter :

I hope to help Company X make the most of their Facebook marketing initiatives. I'd love to further discuss how my previous success at XYZ Inc. can help you achieve your Facebook marketing goals. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me at the provided email address or phone number so that we may arrange an interview.

Thank you for your consideration,

Alice Richards

Feel free to use one of these other popular closing lines for your cover letter:

• Best Regards,
• Kind Regards,

Cover Letter Writing Checklist

Once you’re done with your cover letter, it’s time to check if it meets all industry requirements. 

Give our handy cover letter writing checklist a look to make sure:

Does your cover letter heading include all essential information?

• Professional Email
• Phone Number
• Relevant Links

Do you address the right person? 

• The hiring manager in the company
• Your future direct supervisor
• The company/department in general

Does your introductory paragraph grab the reader's attention?

• Did you mention some of your top achievements?
• Did you use numbers and facts to back up your experience?
• Did you convey enthusiasm for the specific role?

Do you show that you’re the right candidate for the job?

• Did you identify the core requirements for the role?
• Did you show how your experiences helped you fit the requirements perfectly?

Do you convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about the company you’re applying to?

• Did you identify the top 3 things that you like about the company?
• Did you avoid generic reasons for explaining your interest in the company?

Did you conclude your cover letter properly?

• Did you recap your key selling points in the conclusion?
• Did you end your cover letter with a call to action?
• Did you use the right formal closing line and sign your name?

15 Cover Letter Tips

Now you’re all set to write your cover letter! 

Before you start typing, here are some cover letter tips to help take your cover letter to the next level:

• Customize Your Cover Letter for Each Job. Make sure your cover letter is tailored to the job you're applying for. This shows you're not just sending generic applications left and right, and it tells the hiring manager you’re the right person for the job.
• Showcase Your Skills. Talk about how your skills meet the company’s needs. And while your hard skills should be front and center, you shouldn’t underestimate your soft skills in your cover letter either.
• Avoid Fluff. Don’t make any generic statements you can’t back up. The hiring manager can tell when you’re just throwing words around, and it doesn’t make your cover letter look good.
• Use Specific Examples. Instead of saying you're great at something, give an actual example to back up your claim. Any data you can provide makes you sound more credible, so quantify your achievements. For example, give numbers such as percentages related to your performance and the timeframe it took to accomplish certain achievements.
• Research the Company. Always take time to learn about the company you're applying to. Make sure to mention something about them in your cover letter to show the hiring manager that you're interested.
• Follow the Application Instructions. If the job posting asks for something specific in your cover letter or requires a certain format, make sure you include it. Not following instructions can come off as unattentive or signal to the hiring manager that you’re not taking the job seriously.
• Use the Right Template and Format. Choose the right cover letter format and adapt your cover letter’s look to the industry you’re applying for. For example, if you’re aiming for a job in Law or Finance, you should go for a cleaner, more professional look. But if you’re applying for a field that values innovation, like IT or Design, you have more room for creativity.
• Express Your Enthusiasm. Let the hiring manager know why you're excited about the job. Your passion for the specific role or the field in general can be a big selling point, and show them that you’re genuinely interested, not just applying left and right.
• Address Any Gaps. If there are any employment gaps in your resume , your cover letter is a great place to mention why. Your resume doesn’t give you enough space to elaborate on an employment gap, so addressing it here can set hiring managers at ease—life happens, and employers understand.
• Avoid Quirky Emails. Your email address should be presentable. It’s hard for a hiring manager to take you seriously if your email address is “[email protected].” Just use a [email protected] format.
• Check Your Contact Information. Typos in your email address or phone number can mean a missed opportunity. Double-check these before sending your application.
• Mention if You Want to Relocate. If you’re looking for a job that lets you move somewhere else, specify this in your cover letter.
• Keep It Brief. You want to keep your cover letter short and sweet. Hiring managers don’t have time to read a novel, so if you go over one page, they simply won’t read it at all.
• Use a Professional Tone. Even though a conversational tone isn’t a bad thing, remember that it's still a formal document. Show professionalism in your cover letter by keeping slang, jargon, and emojis out of it.
• Proofread Carefully. Typos and grammar mistakes are a huge deal-breaker. Use a tool like Grammarly or QuillBot to double-check your spelling and grammar, or even get a friend to check it for you.

15+ Cover Letter Examples

Need some inspiration? Check out some perfect cover letter examples for different experience levels and various professions.

5+ Cover Letter Examples by Experience

#1. college student cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#2. Middle Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a project manager cover letter here.

#3. Team Leader Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#4. Career Change Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to a career change resume and cover letter here.

#5. Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a management cover letter here.

#6. Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an executive resume here.

9+ Cover Letter Examples by Profession

#1. it cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

#2. Consultant Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#3. Human Resources Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a human resources cover letter here.

#4. Business Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business cover letter here.

#5. Sales Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a sales cover letter here.

#6. Social Worker Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a social worker cover letter here.

#7. Lawyer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a lawyer cover letter here.

#8. Administrative Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an administrative assistant cover letter here.

#9. Engineering Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineer cover letter here.

#10. Receptionist Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a receptionist cover letter here.

Need more inspiration? Check out these cover letter examples to learn what makes them stand out.

Plug & Play Cover Letter Template

Not sure how to start your cover letter? Don’t worry!

Just copy and paste our free cover letter template into the cover letter builder, and swap out the blanks for your details.

[Your Full Name]

[Your Profession]

[Your Phone Number]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Location]

[Your LinkedIn Profile URL (optional)]

[Your Personal Website URL (optional)]

[Recipient's Name, e.g., Jane Doe],

[Recipient's Position, e.g., Hiring Manager]

[Company Name, e.g., ABC Corporation]

[Company Address]

[City, State/Country]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

As a seasoned [Your Profession] with [Number of Years of Experience] years of industry experience, I am eager to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. With my experience in [Your Industry/Sector] and the successes I've achieved throughout my education and career, I believe I can bring unique value and creativity to your team.

In my current role as [Your Current Job Title], I've taken the lead on more than [Number of Projects/Assignments] projects, some valued up to $[Highest Project Value]. I pride myself on consistently exceeding client expectations and have successfully [Mention a Key Achievement] in just a [Amount of Time] through [Skill] and [Skill].

I've collaborated with various professionals, such as [List Roles], ensuring that all [projects/tasks] meet [relevant standards or objectives]. This hands-on experience, coupled with my dedication to understanding each [client's/customer's] vision, has equipped me to navigate and deliver on complex projects.

My key strengths include:

• Improving [Achievement] by [%] over [Amount of Time] which resulted in [Quantified Result].
• Optimizing [Work Process/Responsibility] which saved [Previous Employer] [Amount of Time/Budget/Other Metric] over [Weeks/Months/Years]
• Spearheading team of [Number of People] to [Task] and achieving [Quantified Result].

Alongside this letter, I've attached my resume. My educational background, a [Your Degree] with a concentration in [Your Specialization], complements the practical skills that I'm particularly eager to share with [Company Name].

I'm excited about the possibility of contributing to [Something Notable About the Company or Its Mission]. I'd be grateful for the chance to delve deeper into how my expertise aligns with your needs.

Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

The Heart of Your Job Search - Creating a Killer Resume

Your cover letter is only as good as your resume. If either one is weak, your entire application falls through.

After all, your cover letter is meant to complement your resume. Imagine going through all this effort to leave an amazing first impression in your cover letter, only for the hiring manager to never read it because your resume was mediocre.

But don’t worry; we’ve got you covered here, too.

Check out our dedicated guide on how to make a resume and learn everything you need to know to land your dream job!

Just pick one of our resume templates and start writing your own job-winning resume.

Key Takeaways

Now that we’ve walked you through all the steps of writing a cover letter, let’s summarize everything we’ve learned:

• A cover letter is a 250 - 400 word document that’s meant to convince the hiring manager that you’re the best candidate for the job.
• Your job application should always include a cover letter alongside your resume.
• To grab the hiring manager’s attention, write a strong opening paragraph. Mention who you are, why you’re applying, and a standout achievement to pique their interest.
• Your cover letter should focus on why you’re the perfect candidate for the job and why you’re passionate about working in this specific company.
• Use the body of your cover letter to provide details on your skills, achievements, and qualifications, as well as make sure to convey your enthusiasm throughout your whole cover letter.
• Recap your key selling points towards the end of your cover letter, and end it with a formal closing line and your full name signed underneath.

At Novorésumé, we’re committed to helping you get the job you deserve every step of the way! 

Follow our career blog for more valuable advice, or check out some of our top guides, such as:

• How to Make a Resume in 2024 | Beginner's Guide
• How to Write a CV (Curriculum Vitae) in 2024 [31+ Examples]
• 35+ Job Interview Questions and Answers [Full List]

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How to Start a Cover Letter To Keep Recruiters Reading

Customers Interviewed by:

Writing a good cover letter starts with the first word, so you need to know how to start a cover letter right.

Starting a cover letter on the right note is crucial to grab the recruiter’s attention. Whether you’re struggling with a blank document or have a solid foundation, a cover letter needs a punchy opening to make an impact on the hiring team.

What are the key ingredients to starting the perfect cover letter?

Here’s what we’ll cover in this article:

• What to include in your cover letter header.
• How to start a cover letter greeting.
• How to write an impressive cover letter opening paragraph.
• How to start a cover letter off strong.
• Examples of how to start a cover letter.

Each puzzle piece of your cover letter opener creates a detailed picture of who you are as a candidate. It proves to the recruiter that you’re worth contacting for a job interview . Make a standout first impression with your cover letter by including:

• A header with your contact information.
• A personalized greeting.
• A powerful opening statement.

Create your cover letter with AI to customize it for the job description. Optimize your cover letter and resume with Jobscan to get more interviews.

What to include in a cover letter header

The top of your cover letter should include a header with your critical contact information, like:

• Your name and professional title.
• Your phone number.
• Your email address.
• Your LinkedIn profile link.

You can also include other relevant links. These could be to your portfolio website, GitHub, Medium profile, or other industry-specific resources. They will help the recruiter understand your skills.

Include the date, the recipient, the company name, and the address or location of the organization. (This will depend on whether it’s an in-person, hybrid, or remote environment.)

Below is an example of a cover letter including personal information in the header with the date and company information below. This example was created with the Jobscan Cover Letter Generator .

Use our Cover Letter Generator to save yourself time writing your cover letter. The header section will auto-populate based on your resume, so all the details match perfectly.

How to write a cover letter greeting

If you usually start your cover letters with “Dear Sir/Madam” or “To whom it may concern,” it’s time to reinvent your greetings. Not only is this a boring way to start a cover letter, it can come across as lazy.

With a little investigation, it’s easier than ever to find the names of the recruiters or hiring teams. By taking a little time, you can personalize your greeting to boost your chances of a recruiter reading your cover letter from start to finish.

Beat out the 84% of job seekers who don’t find the hiring manager’s name to personalize their applications and go the extra mile.

How can you find the right person to address in your cover letter?

Turn to LinkedIn or the organization’s website.

On LinkedIn, you can either search for the company’s recruiter or talent acquisition team members. Or you can go to the “People” tab of their LinkedIn page to explore the current employees.

Suppose you’re looking for a job at PCL Construction and want to find the name of the recruiter who will likely be reading your cover letter. You can go to the search bar and find the recruiter managing that department by city.

With just a quick search, you’ll find the hiring team members in charge of the role you’re applying for!

You can also go directly to a company’s website and look for the “Team” or “About Us” page for information.

Targeting a greeting to a specific person is easier to do in smaller organizations. If you’re applying for a role at a large company, you can still write an engaging but more general greeting on your cover letter, such as:

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager,
• Dear [Department] Team,
• Dear [Director of or Head of] Department,
• Dear [Company Name] Hiring Manager,

How to write a powerful cover letter opening paragraph

Recruiters spend just seven seconds scanning a candidate’s application , so it’s critical to capture their attention in the first line.

Be concise in your cover letter and choose your words with the desired impact in mind. Avoid falling into the old traps of opening your cover letter by stating what role you’re applying for and how you found it. Remember, you have a precious few seconds to illustrate how you can help the organization fulfill its needs, so make every sentence count.

Read the examples below and ask which one will have a greater impact on employers.

“I am thrilled to apply for the Research Analyst position at YouGov, where my experience in leading market research projects that boosted client engagement by 25% and my expertise in data interpretation have consistently delivered actionable insights and strategic recommendations. Using my skills in analyzing primary research data, I’m looking forward to helping your organization make data-backed decisions to drive growth and profitability in your projects.”

“I am excited to apply for the Research Analyst position at YouGov, an esteemed global online research company well-known for its accurate data and market insights. With my background in managing market research projects, interpreting data, and delivering actionable recommendations, I believe I can contribute significantly to your team.”

The point of your cover letter isn’t just to restate your skills from your resume . You need to prove the impact of your skills and how you’ll bring that impact to the organization.

It’s not about you, it’s about the company’s needs.

Tips for writing a strong cover letter opener

Now that you know what puzzle pieces you need to start a cover letter right, here are some tips to help wow the recruiter with its content.

1. Let your enthusiasm and passion shine through

Your resume illustrates your skills and qualifications , but your cover letter is the place to tell a story. Share what company qualities excite you, what draws you to the organization’s mission or values, and what direct experience you have with the company’s product or service.

Communicating your enthusiasm gives the recruiter an idea of how engaged and dedicated you’ll be to your performance.

With over five years of hands-on experience in property management, I am deeply passionate about creating exceptional living experiences for residents. Your industry-leading services and premium standards in property management systems make me excited about the opportunity to bring my dedication and expertise to your esteemed team.

2. Mention any mutual connections

If you have a professional connection in the company or were referred to a position, name-drop that connection at the top of your cover letter. A connection can help boost your chances of getting an interview, especially if that person can act as a reference.

Give your connection a heads-up if you discovered the opportunity on your own without a referral. That way, if they’re asked about you informally by the hiring team, they’ll know to expect questions.

If you want to give your cover letter a boost with a connection, you can reach out to someone in the company before you apply. Be genuine and try to connect with someone on the team you would be working with. Ask an authentic question or reach out to discuss their experience in the company. Tell them you want to apply for an opening. But don’t try to reach out to anyone just to get a name to plug in your cover letter. It can come across as disingenuous.

My interest in the Health Systems Analyst role was significantly piqued after speaking with Jane Doe, an eHealth Policy Analyst at your organization. Jane highlighted the cutting-edge technology initiatives and collaborative atmosphere within your IT department, which align perfectly with my 7 years of experience in healthcare IT, focusing on electronic health records (EHR) systems and data security.

3. Incorporate your company research

Writing a compelling cover letter requires that you do some research to show the recruiter that you’re aligned with the company’s values, mission, and culture. You need to express to the recruiter why you want to work at their specific organization .

Keep an eye on industry news and learn about the company’s latest projects. By incorporating details about what the organization is currently achieving, you position yourself as a better interview candidate over other applicants.

Your recognition as an industry leader, demonstrated by winning the Best Employer Award for three consecutive years and your successful launch of the community outreach initiative, highlights [Company Name]’s dedication to both employee well-being and social responsibility. I have a track record of increasing employee satisfaction by 20% through strategic wellness programs and look forward to contributing to your continued success.

4. Highlight your most impressive achievement

A well-written resume illustrates your achievements , but your cover letter is the best vehicle to add context and tell a compelling story to show off your impact. You can directly tie it into the role you’re applying for and help the recruiter forge connections between what you have accomplished in the past to what you can achieve for the future—particularly for their company.

In my previous role as a project manager at Apex Management Co, I spearheaded a comprehensive cost-reduction initiative that saved $500,000 annually by optimizing supply chain operations and renegotiating vendor contracts. This accomplishment directly relates to the efficiency and budget management skills required for the Operations Manager position at your organization, where I am eager to contribute to your mission of streamlining processes and enhancing operational efficiency.

5. Clearly state your unique value

In a sea of applicants, it can feel difficult to set yourself apart. But the truth is, no one has the same combination of experience or skills you do. The key to standing out is learning how to frame your unique value to solve a company’s problems. Expand on the key skills listed in the job description and draw on your research of the organization to explicitly spell out how you’ll benefit the team.

With a unique blend of creative and technical skills, I designed a user interface for the HealthCo App that increased user engagement by 40% through user-centered design principles and rigorous usability testing. I am looking forward to bringing this expertise to your organization as a UX Designer, addressing your need for more engaging and intuitive user experiences, particularly as you expand your digital offerings.

6. Keep your cover letter short

Remember that you want the recruiter to read your cover letter from start to finish, so make sure every sentence is meaningful and cut out the fluff. There should be plenty of white space to break up the text and not overwhelm the reader.

Reference our cover letter examples for inspiration on crafting the perfect cover letter.

Let AI write your cover letter for you

Jobscan’s premium Power Edit includes a cover letter generator that harnesses the power of AI to write a customized cover letter based on your tailored resume and the job description. With one click, you’ll generate a cover letter that follows best practices.

You can use it as a framework to defeat blank page syndrome and include anecdotes, details about your mutual connections, and bits of information from your research to impress the hiring team. You can make any alterations in Power Edit and download the PDF when it’s done and ready to be attached to your tailored resume.

Key takeaways

Your cover letter could be the key to landing the interview. By following these essential tips on how to start a cover letter, you’ll capture the attention of the hiring team from the first sentence.

Remember these cover letter rules as you start your writing.

• Make a clear opening statement that shows passion, knowledge, and your unique value.
• Keep your cover letter short—stick to a few concise paragraphs to make it readable.
• Be specific and clear about what you’ll bring to the role.
• Stay away from humor—the tone can be difficult to read.
• Avoid reusing the same cover letter and write a custom cover letter for each job.
• Don’t overinflate your accomplishments or lie about connections that don’t exist.

When including your contact information on a cover letter or resume, make sure to provide the following details: Full Name: Your first and last name. Phone Number: A number where you can be easily reached. Make sure your voicemail is professional. Email Address: Use a professional email address, preferably one that includes your name. Mailing Address: Include your current street address, city, state, and zip code. LinkedIn Profile: If you have a LinkedIn profile that is up-to-date and professional, include the URL. Professional Website or Portfolio: If applicable, include a link to your personal website or online portfolio showcasing your work. This ensures potential employers have multiple ways to reach you and can view your professional online presence.

A good opening sentence for a cover letter can grab the reader’s attention and introduce your purpose for writing. Here are a few examples: For a job application: “I am excited to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [where you found the job posting]. With my background in [your field or relevant experience ], I am eager to bring my skills and passion to your team.” For a career change: “With a strong foundation in [current field], I am thrilled to apply for the [Job Title] role at [Company Name] to leverage my skills in [new field].” For a specific achievement: “Having recently led a successful [project or achievement], I am enthusiastic about applying for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name] to bring my expertise in [specific skill or area] to your innovative team.” For expressing enthusiasm: “I have long admired [Company Name]’s commitment to [specific value or mission], and I am excited to apply for the [Job Title] position to contribute to your impactful work with my experience in [relevant experience or field].” For a networking referral: “After speaking with [Referrer’s Name], I am inspired to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name] where I can utilize my skills in [specific skill or area] to further your goals.” These starters aim to make a strong first impression by highlighting your enthusiasm, relevant skills, and connection to the company.

Your cover letter opening should contain the following key elements: Your Enthusiasm for the Position: Show genuine excitement and interest in the role you are applying for. This sets a positive tone and captures the reader’s attention. Specific Mention of the Job Title and Company Name: Clearly state the position you are applying for and the name of the company. This ensures the reader knows exactly what role you are interested in. Brief Introduction of Yourself: Include a concise introduction that highlights who you are and what you bring to the table. This can include your current role, relevant experience, or a key achievement. Connection to the Company: Mention something specific about the company that resonates with you, such as their mission, values, recent achievements, or reputation in the industry. This demonstrates that you have researched the company and are genuinely interested in working there. A Hook or Key Strength: Highlight a key skill or accomplishment that makes you a strong candidate for the position. This can be a significant achievement, a unique skill set, or relevant experience that sets you apart from other applicants. Here is an example that incorporates all these elements: “I am excited to apply for the Marketing Manager position at XYZ Company, where I can combine my passion for innovative marketing strategies with my skills in digital advertising. With over five years of experience in driving successful campaigns that increased brand awareness and sales, I am eager to bring my expertise to your dynamic team. I have long admired XYZ Company’s commitment to sustainability and innovative product development, and I am thrilled at the opportunity to contribute to your impactful work. My recent achievement in boosting social media engagement by 40% through targeted campaigns is a testament to my ability to drive results and my dedication to excellence.”

To start a cover letter greeting effectively, follow these guidelines: Address the Hiring Manager by Name: Whenever possible, find out the name of the hiring manager or the person responsible for hiring. Addressing the letter to a specific person shows that you have done your research and adds a personal touch. Use a Professional Salutation: Use a formal greeting such as “Dear” followed by the person’s title (Mr., Ms., Dr., etc.) and last name. Avoid using first names or informal greetings. When You Don’t Know the Name: If you cannot find the hiring manager’s name, use a general but professional greeting such as “ Dear Hiring Manager ” or “Dear [Department] Team.” Avoid Outdated Phrases: Refrain from using outdated or overly formal phrases like “To Whom It May Concern.” A modern, professional greeting is more effective. Examples: When you know the hiring manager’s name: “Dear Ms. Smith,” When you know the hiring manager’s title and department: “Dear Marketing Team Lead,” When you don’t know the hiring manager’s name: “Dear Hiring Manager,” When applying to a specific department: “Dear Marketing Team,” Starting your cover letter with a proper greeting sets a professional tone and demonstrates your attention to detail.

Kelsey is a Content Writer with a background in content creation, bouncing between industries to educate readers everywhere.

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How to Apply for a Job Online: 10 Tips to Stand Out and Land an Interview

Applying for jobs online has become the norm. Generally, it's a win-win situation for both sides involved: Job seekers have a broad range of opportunities and the convenience of applying for multiple jobs from home, while employers can leverage automated systems to select the best candidates. However, the online application process can be daunting.

With numerous platforms to register, different requirements and application processes, and applicant tracking systems (ATSs) to dribble, many candidates experience a feeling described as job-hunting fatigue .

The bad news is that there's no way around it—online job applications have come to stay. The good news is that with a little strategy and organization, you can successfully navigate this process and stand out from the crowd of applicants.

In this article, we will teach you how to apply for a job online with 10 tips that not only will help you land an interview but also hopefully make your job hunting journey less stressful.

Looking for that perfect role? One of these open jobs on The Muse might just be the one »

How to apply for a job online: before, during, and after

From the start, applying for a job online requires four basic elements: a digitized version of your resume and cover letter , a professional email address, a good internet connection, and a handful of patience. Below we lay out essential tips for each step of the application process.

1. Write an ATS-friendly resume

Most companies use applicant tracking systems to filter candidates from online applications. This type of software quickly sorts and scans resumes to find the best “match” to a predetermined role. That's why writing an ATS-friendly resume is the first step in applying for jobs online—if your resume is not a match, it might not get selected. But how do you do it?

Simply put, your resume should be tailored to the specific role you're applying for and have keywords from the job description. Keywords in job descriptions include skills, experience, certifications, and education. For instance, “time management,” “HTML, C, and Java,” and “B.S in Computer Science” are often key requirements and terms used in software development job postings. (Here's how to read a job description the right way .)

Unless the employer asks for a creative resume, always use a simple and minimalist resume template with one column, standard fonts, and font sizes (for example, Arial 11), and no graph elements to make it easier to be scanned.

2. Have two versions of your resume

If you have a diverse professional background and are applying for different types of positions, you should have two versions of your resume, properly formatted for each role. This makes the online application process faster and easier, as you won't have to redo the whole thing at every new submission, only minor adjustments.

3. Keep your LinkedIn profile updated

Hiring managers often search for candidates on LinkedIn. Thus, your profile should always be updated with all the relevant experience, certifications, education, and skills for the job you intend to land. If you have a portfolio (and it's requested in your field) add the link to the “site” section.

Like your resume, your LinkedIn profile should also include some relevant keywords to make it easily found. For instance, if you're a data analyst experienced with sales, and that's exactly what you'd like to do in your next role, you could add “Data analyst | Sales chain expert” to your title.

Don't forget to update your picture and your header, if needed. The more clean and professional, the better. Remember that your profile is going to be the first impression the recruiter will have of you—and you want to make sure that is a good impression.

Optimize your LinkedIn profile with our 31 Best LinkedIn Profile Tips for Job Seekers

4. Have a basic cover letter draft ready

Some companies ask for cover letters, others don't. To save time, always have a basic cover letter drafted and update it to match the jobs you're applying for. As with resumes, if you're applying for two (or more) different roles, consider having two cover letter versions ready to go. (Take a look at these four cover letter examples in case you need some help.)

5. Use search engines to find open jobs

Most, if not all, companies post open positions on search engine websites—which include traditional job listing platforms and LinkedIn. You can leverage this by searching for specific keywords related to the job you want and selecting companies to submit an application.

On The Muse , you can filter more than 10,000 open positions by experience level, job category, company industry, location, and benefits. Similarly, LinkedIn allows you to filter job openings by date, company, level of experience, and work system (remote or on-site).

When you find the ideal opportunity and decide to apply, two things can happen: 1) You'll be redirected to the company's website to fill out your application there. 2) You'll be able to fill up your application on that same page. On LinkedIn, for example, companies can opt for a simplified application, in which you upload your resume on LinkedIn, answer a couple of questions, and send it.

6. Create accounts on job listing websites

Speaking of job listing websites, creating an account for the ones most popular or commonly used by companies can significantly speed up your application process. Keep in mind that sooner or later you'll have to do it, so you might anticipate the task.

Usually, those websites have a profile page—similar to LinkedIn—that you have to fill up with the following information:

• Certifications
• Awards and recognitions

Some will allow you to register with LinkedIn and autofill the information, which facilitates the process. (Remember to check if the data exportation was successful and every box is filled correctly). However, others don't have this option and you’ll have to do it manually. To avoid spelling and grammar mistakes or missing information, consider taking a day when you have free time to focus instead of rushing to finish your registration.

7. Use the career section of companies sites

Company websites are also places to find and apply for jobs online. If there is any specific company that you'd really like to work for, check their website and search for a “Careers” page. If you find one, it's likely that you have two options: 1) Submitting your resume to their tablet database or 2) Apply for a specific job if there are any openings.

In both cases, you'll either have to fill up your work history, education, and personal information manually or use the autofill through LinkedIn or your resume file. Keep in mind that every company site is different, so these options may not always be available in all the sites you visit.

In case you have to manually add your information, a trick that can speed up the process is copying and pasting from your resume. Just remember to make the necessary changes and adapt to each specific job position.

8. Be prepared to do employment tests

Online applications in job listing sites often come with employment tests, also known as talent assessment tests, that you have to complete as part of your candidacy. Not doing the tests, when they're mandatory, will automatically disqualify you.

Usually, these tests assess your personality and skills. Some will also evaluate emotional intelligence, cognition, and work style—it really depends on your industry, field, and role. Needless to say, scoring high on employment tests is crucial to be considered by the hiring manager—so you want to take them seriously and complete them calmly.

Although this seems a daunting task to do, there's a plus side: some companies use the same or similar tests, which allows you to repurpose one that's already saved on the platform or know exactly what kind of answers you'll have to respond.

9. Have an application email script drafted

Some companies, especially small ones, don't have built-in software to handle online job applications and would rather have candidates send their resumes via email. For this reason, consider having an email script drafted to send along with your resume and cover letter, if requested.

Your message should be professional, and straight to the point. A brief salutation, a sentence expressing your interest in the role, one to two sentences about your resume (and cover letter), a closing sentence, and your signature is enough. For instance, you could say something along the lines of:

Dear [Name],

My name is [Your Name] and I'm excited to apply for the Software Developer position listed on LinkedIn.

As requested, I've attached my resume and cover letter . Please let me know if I can provide any extra information.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

[Your Name]

[email protected]

555 123 4567

linkedin.com/in/name

10. Track your applications and follow up

While it’s not mandatory, ideally you should track and follow up with your applications. Generally, one to two weeks is considered a reasonable time to reach out to check the status of your application.

Keeping track of your applications also prevents you from applying for the same company multiple times (don’t even bother—it won't get you the job) and also helps you remember which job a recruiter is referring to when they reach out to you. (Here's how to follow up on a job application .)

Your tracking system can be as simple as a notebook with detailed notes, or as formatted as a spreadsheet tracking the job opportunity, hiring manager’s contact info, dates you sent the resume and followed up, and any response you’ve received so far.

Extra advice on online applications

Applying for a job online is as formal as handing your resume in person. Thus, you should take every detail of this process seriously, including the following:

• Email address : Use a professional email address, both to register on job listing sites and to send emails to recruiters. Avoid playful or overly informal usernames and opt for a version with your name and last name.
• Resume file format : Generally, it's best to submit your resume as .doc or .docx, however, some employers may ask for a PDF file. You can have both versions saved, for convenience, or convert the file format when necessary.
• Your resume file name : Always save your resume file with your name and last name. For instance, annajonesresume.doc. This makes it easier to locate, both for you and the hiring manager. Avoid generic names such as “resume” or random numbers.
• Follow the employer's directions : If the job posting requires specific information or documents (for instance, a portfolio or a cover letter), give what is requested. If they don't, then don't. Following the recruiter's instructions is crucial to successfully applying for jobs online—everything they want from you is going to be written in the posting.

Bottom line

Online job applications can be confusing at first, but they tend to be simpler than most people expect. You need a tailored and ATS-friendly resume, a cover letter draft in case the employer asks for one, and a dose of patience to fill up your personal information, education, and work history on job listing sites.

Paying close attention to the job description is crucial to know exactly what the employer is looking for and what steps should be taken to successfully submit your application. If you feel like you need extra help, even after reading our tips, consider working with a career coach .

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How to Make an ATS-Friendly Resume - Tips for ATS 2024

15 min read · Updated on May 21, 2024

Here's everything you need to know about applicant tracking systems

We've all been there: you find the perfect job opportunity, customize your resume and cover letter , submit your application to a job listing online, and then pray it will pass the infamous six-second resume review test. Unfortunately, more often than not, your job application is lost in the applicant tracking system - and you're left wondering why the employer or hiring manager wasn't that into you.

What many job seekers don't realize is that 75% of job applications don't get seen by human eyes. Before your resume reaches the hands of a live person, it must often pass muster with what's known as an applicant tracking system.

Below is everything you need to know about applicant tracking systems - and what best practices you can use to optimize your resume to ensure it gets selected.

What is an applicant tracking system?

An applicant tracking system - or ATS, for short - is a type of resume scanning software used by recruiters and employers during the hiring process to collect, sort, scan, and rank the job applications they receive for their open positions.

Why do companies use ATS?

There are some very good reasons why today's companies are so heavily reliant on ATS to narrow their job candidate search. The modern hiring process is more complex than ever before - and not just because there are so many more workers applying for a position. The reality is that most companies lack the resources and time needed to search through every resume submission they receive. By using automated systems, they can free up those resources to focus on their core company mission.

But there are also legal compliance issues that need to be considered. Employment law - and especially laws prohibiting various kinds of discrimination in hiring - need to be followed with care. Many employers understand that one of the best ways to reduce potential bias in the initial stages of any hiring process is to allow unbiased machines to handle some of the work.

The bottom line is that ATS resume scanners provide companies with an automated way to narrow any list of candidates to only those who meet the position's posted qualifications. And it does that in a way that avoids potential discrimination by ignoring characteristics like race, gender, and age. As a result, companies enjoy savings in both time and cost, while optimizing their compliance with existing employment laws.

How do applicant tracking systems work?

The ATS parses a resume's content into categories and then scans it for specific and relevant keywords to determine if the job application should be passed along to the recruiter. Its job is to essentially weed out unqualified applicants, so the recruiter can devote his or her time to evaluating the candidates who are more likely to be a match for the position. In other words, the ATS is apt to put the least-qualified candidates to the bottom of the pile, rather than identify the applicants who are the best fit.

Unfortunately, that means if a resume template is not written and formatted with the applicant tracking system in mind, a qualified candidate can be easily passed over.

How to write an ATS resume

To determine what makes an ATS-friendly resume, TopResume analyzed 1,000 resumes from professionals across the US with at least eight years of experience, to identify the most common resume mistakes that will cause an applicant tracking system to toss an application. The infographic below highlights some of the costliest mistakes that make a resume incompatible with an ATS scan.

If you want to make sure your resume is compliant with an ATS, follow the tips below to write and use an ATS-optimized resume.

Select the right file type for your resume

Contrary to popular belief, a PDF is not the most ATS-friendly file type. While PDF files are the best at preserving the design and format of your resume template, it's not compatible with all ATS software. If you're asked to upload your resume to an applicant tracking system and “PDF” is listed among the file formats you can use, feel free to send a PDF version of your resume. However, if the system does not specify which file types are compatible, play it safe and stick to a Word document in .doc or .docx. Plain-text files are also incredibly ATS-friendly for resumes, but they limit your formatting options and can look unprofessional. 

Since the best resume templates are written with two audiences in mind - the ATS pre-screening your application and the live human in HR who will review your resume content - we recommend using a Word document instead of a plain-text file for your resume file type. This will provide more creative freedom to write an ATS resume that will appeal to a recruiter or hiring manager.

Related: How to Avoid the Top 10 Resume Mistakes That Make Recruiters Cringe

Don't put important details in the header or footer

Not all applicant tracking systems are able to properly read and parse information stored in the header and footer sections of a Word document. In fact, our study confirmed the ATS was unable to identify a portion of the job seeker's contact information 25% of the time. Avoid this same fate by placing important contact details (such as your name, phone number, and email address) outside the header or footer of your resume. 

Optimize your resume with keywords

One of the best ways to ensure your resume is compatible with an ATS is to optimize your resume with the right keywords (also known as keyword optimization). Unlike a “buzzword,” which is typically considered to be a fluffy term such as “proactive” or “self-starter,” keywords represent the soft skills and hard skills you possess and the expertise you've acquired over the years that qualify you for your target job.

If you're unsure which resume keywords should be used, start by collecting three to five job descriptions that represent the type of position you're pursuing. Then, copy and paste the job description into a free word and phrase frequency tool like Online-Utility.org's Text Analyzer , to identify the terms that are regularly used throughout your desired positions. If you possess these skills or qualifications from the job posting, incorporate these terms into your resume.

You should also pay careful attention to the job posting and any description of the position contained in that post. Identify any listed skill requirements, as well as desired experience and educational qualifications. These are likely to be included in any ATS resume scan too, so you'll want to ensure that these keywords can be found within your resume.

When it comes to creating an ATS-optimized resume, you need to think about the frequency, as well as the placement of these relevant keywords throughout your resume. Some applicant tracking systems will determine the strength of your skills based on the number of times a term shows up in your resume (aim to add the term two to three times throughout your resume), whereas others assign an estimated amount of experience for a particular skill based on its placement within the resume. To make your resume truly compatible with any ATS, you'll want to optimize it with both systems in mind.

First, create a “Core Competencies” or “Areas of Expertise” section below your resume professional summary that lists your strongest hard skills and soft skills. If there's a common abbreviation for one of your proficiencies, such as “SEO” (for search engine optimization), include both versions in your resume. Then, pepper these same terms into your “ Work Experience ” or “ Education ” sections, where appropriate, to demonstrate when you leveraged that skill.

Related: Why Soft and Hard Skills Are So Important for Your Resume

Some applicant tracking systems will associate the length of experience for a skill, based on how long you held the job where that skill was leveraged. For instance, if you worked at your past job for five years and you mention that you handled SEO for the company, the ATS will assume you have five years' worth of SEO experience from that job. If a skill is listed on its own - such as within the professional summary or a core competencies section - then the ATS scan will assign a few months' experience for that skill. This is why it's incredibly important to reiterate your skills throughout your entire resume, rather than just in a skill section at the top.

Include a resume headline

Make sure that your resume also includes a headline . This one-line heading should be located right after your contact information and before your summary statement. Companies that use an ATS to screen resumes will typically include the job title in their ATS assessment criteria. To create an ATS-friendly headline, simply:

Identify the job title you're applying for. It should be in the job posting or job description. For example, let's say that you're applying for a position as a Marketing Director. Those two words are keywords that need to be included in your headline.

Identify other key requirements that you may be able to highlight in your headline. It could be something as simple as a requirement that candidates have at least five years of experience in managing marketing teams. Take note of that job qualification since you may want to incorporate it into your headline too.

Create a headline that includes the job title and some descriptive language that helps to immediately identify you as a qualified candidate. If you use our example keywords, your headline might look something like this:

Dynamic Marketing Director with over 5 years of experience in client success

Avoid images, charts, and other graphics

While these may look nice to the human eye, resumes with embedded images become a garbled mess after they pass through the applicant tracking system. For instance, if you insert an image or chart to showcase your key skills, the ATS resume scanner will be unable to read it. If you use a cool graphic to brand your name on your resume, this piece of information will be lost on the applicant tracking system.

Stick to simple bullet points

When used appropriately, bullet points are a great method for highlighting accomplishments and qualifications on a resume. However, if you choose an elaborate symbol for your bullets, your important selling points could get scrambled. Avoid using intricate characters when creating a bulleted list on your ATS-compliant resume. Stick to the simplest options, such as a solid circle, open circle, or square, to ensure your bullet points enhance your resume, rather than make it incompatible with an ATS.

Use a clean resume design with a clear hierarchy

When it comes to your ATS-friendly resume design, less is more. Not only do complex resume designs or unusual formats confuse most applicant tracking systems, but they also annoy recruiters who are accustomed to quickly scanning a resume for specific information that they expect to find in specific areas within the document.

Click on the following link for more tips on how to write a resume that will beat the ATS .

How to create an ATS-friendly resume format

If you want your resume to perform well in an ATS scan , stick to a standard resume format such as a reverse chronological or  hybrid resume . These resume formats use a professional summary section at the top of the document to outline your key skills and qualifications and combine it with a chronological “Work History” section that explains how you've leveraged these qualities to produce results for your employers.

Most applicant tracking systems do a better job at reading and interpreting a reverse chronological or hybrid format, because they rely on chronological data to parse your resume.

As a result, it's in your best interest to avoid a functional resume format at all costs - where the focus is placed on your abilities, rather than a chronological work history.

Make sure your resume sections are easily identifiable

You'll notice that we've mentioned different resume sections throughout this post. There's a good reason for that, of course. Resumes are not like typical prose documents. If your resume is just one long story with different kinds of information spread across one or two pages like an essay, it won't perform well. And, even if it did, no human hiring manager would bother to read it.

To ensure that key details can be found by both the ATS and a hiring manager, separate that information into distinct sections. This helps to provide structure to your ATS resume and makes it easier for machines and humans to quickly scan for the information they want to see. Are you wondering why we said “scan” instead of “ read?”  It's simple: even hiring managers don't bother to read your resume from the first word to the last. Instead, they scan it until they see what they're looking for - and then read that part.

Below is a simple structure that you can use to ensure that your resume satisfies the needs of both the ATS and any hiring manager who sees it:

Contact information : This section goes right at the top of your resume, but not in the header. Remember, ATS systems are not adept at reading information in that area of your resume. Include vital details like your name, location, phone number, email address, and LinkedIn URL. This section doesn't need a label.

Resume headline : We covered the resume headline earlier in the post, so you can find some tips on how to create this attention-grabbing section there. Like the contact section, this requires no label.

Summary statement : This section should be a three to five-sentence elevator pitch designed to capture any hiring manager's attention. You can include keywords in this paragraph that highlight your most vital skills, experiences, and measurable achievements that showcase your potential value to the employer. 

Core competencies: This is where you list the skills that show you're qualified for the position. Depending on the job you're seeking, your skill section may be weighted toward either soft or hard skills - but you should try to include some mix of both. You can label this section “Skills” or “Core Competencies” to ensure that both humans and machines can readily identify its content and importance.

Professional history : Otherwise known as work experience, this labeled section should include your relevant work history dating back 10-15 years. Make sure that you start by listing your most recent position and then list the others in reverse order. For each position you've held, include the company name, job title, dates of employment, and several bullet point examples that demonstrate your achievements in each role.

Education : This section also needs to be labeled and should include the name of the college you attended, the years of attendance, your course of study and degree, and any relevant coursework that you need to show to demonstrate your qualifications. You can also include listings for certifications, continuing education, and other relevant training.

How to run an ATS resume test for compliance

There are two easy ways to determine if your resume is compatible with an applicant tracking system during the job search.

Convert your resume to a plain-text file

Copy the entire content from your ATS-friendly resume, paste it into a plain-text document, and review the results. If the plain-text version is missing details from your original resume, has characters saved incorrectly, or looks disorganized (i.e., the heading for your “Education” section appears in the middle of your work experience), then assume your resume will require editing before it's ATS compliant.

Request a free ATS scan for your resume

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Don't let the ATS stop you from landing your dream job. Get an ATS-proof resume today . This article was originally written by Amanda Augustine and has been updated by Ken Chase. 

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He is dangerous in word, deed and action

He puts self over country, he loathes the laws we live by, donald trump is unfit to lead.

The editorial board is a group of opinion journalists whose views are informed by expertise, research, debate and certain longstanding values . It is separate from the newsroom.

For the third time in eight years, Donald Trump will be nominated as the Republican Party’s candidate for president of the United States. A once great political party now serves the interests of one man, a man as demonstrably unsuited for the office of president as any to run in the long history of the Republic, a man whose values, temperament, ideas and language are directly opposed to so much of what has made this country great.

It is a chilling choice against this national moment. For more than two decades, large majorities of Americans have said they are dissatisfied with the direction of the country, and the post-Covid era of stubborn inflation, high interest rates, social division and political stagnation has left many voters even more frustrated and despondent.

The Republican Party once pursued electoral power in service to solutions for such problems, to building “the shining city on a hill,” as Ronald Reagan liked to say. Its vision of the United States — embodied in principled public servants like George H.W. Bush, John McCain and Mitt Romney — was rooted in the values of freedom, sacrifice, individual responsibility and the common good. The party’s conception of those values was reflected in its longstanding conservative policy agenda, and today many Republicans set aside their concerns about Mr. Trump because of his positions on immigration, trade and taxes. But the stakes of this election are not fundamentally about policy disagreements. The stakes are more foundational: what qualities matter most in America’s president and commander in chief.

Mr. Trump has shown a character unworthy of the responsibilities of the presidency. He has demonstrated an utter lack of respect for the Constitution, the rule of law and the American people. Instead of a cogent vision for the country’s future, Mr. Trump is animated by a thirst for political power: to use the levers of government to advance his interests, satisfy his impulses and exact retribution against those who he thinks have wronged him.

He is, quite simply, unfit to lead.

The Democrats are rightly engaged in their own debate about whether President Biden is the right person to carry the party’s nomination into the election, given widespread concerns among voters about his age-related fitness. This debate is so intense because of legitimate concerns that Mr. Trump may present a danger to the country, its strength, security and national character — and that a compelling Democratic alternative is the only thing that would prevent his return to power. It is a national tragedy that the Republicans have failed to have a similar debate about the manifest moral and temperamental unfitness of their standard-bearer, instead setting aside their longstanding values, closing ranks and choosing to overlook what those who worked most closely with the former president have described as his systematic dishonesty, corruption, cruelty and incompetence.

That task now falls to the American people. We urge voters to see the dangers of a second Trump term clearly and to reject it. The stakes and significance of the presidency demand a person who has essential qualities and values to earn our trust, and on each one, Donald Trump fails.

Moral Fitness Matters

Presidents are confronted daily with challenges that require not just strength and conviction but also honesty, humility, selflessness, fortitude and the perspective that comes from sound moral judgment.

If Mr. Trump has these qualities, Americans have never seen them in action on behalf of the nation’s interests. His words and actions demonstrate a disregard for basic right and wrong and a clear lack of moral fitness for the responsibilities of the presidency.

He lies blatantly and maliciously, embraces racists , abuses women and has a schoolyard bully’s instinct to target society’s most vulnerable. He has delighted in coarsening and polarizing the town square with ever more divisive and incendiary language. Mr. Trump is a man who craves validation and vindication, so much that he would prefer a hostile leader’s lies to his own intelligence agencies’ truths and would shake down a vulnerable ally for short-term political advantage . His handling of everything from routine affairs to major crises was undermined by his blundering combination of impulsiveness, insecurity and unstudied certainty.

This record shows what can happen to a country led by such a person: America’s image, credibility and cohesion were relentlessly undermined by Mr. Trump during his term.

None of his wrongful actions are so obviously discrediting as his determined and systematic attempts to undermine the integrity of elections — the most basic element of any democracy — an effort that culminated in an insurrection at the Capitol to obstruct the peaceful transfer of power.

On Jan. 6, 2021, Mr. Trump incited a mob to violence with hateful lies, then stood by for hours as hundreds of his supporters took his word and stormed the Capitol with the aim of terrorizing members of Congress into keeping him in office. He praised these insurrectionists and called them patriots; today he gives them a starring role at campaign rallies, playing a rendition of the national anthem sung by inmates involved with Jan. 6, and he has promised to consider pardoning the rioters if re-elected. He continues to wrong the country and its voters by lying about the 2020 election, branding it stolen, despite the courts, the Justice Department and Republican state officials disputing him. No man fit for the presidency would flog such pernicious and destructive lies about democratic norms and values, but the Trumpian hunger for vindication and retribution has no moral center.

To vest such a person with the vast powers of the presidency is to endanger American interests and security at home as well as abroad. The nation’s commander in chief must uphold the oath to “preserve, protect and defend the Constitution.” It is the closest thing that this secular nation has to a sacred trust. The president has several duties and powers that are his alone: He has the sole authority to launch a nuclear weapon. He has the authority to send American troops into harm’s way and to authorize the use of lethal force against individuals and other nations. Americans who serve in the military also take an oath to defend the Constitution, and they rely on their commander in chief to take that oath as seriously as they do.

Mr. Trump has shown, repeatedly, that he does not. On numerous occasions, he asked his defense secretary and commanders in the American armed forces to violate that oath. On other occasions, he demanded that members of the military violate norms that preserve the dignity of the armed services and protect the military from being used for political purposes. They largely refused these illegal and immoral orders, as the oath requires.

The lack of moral grounding undermines Mr. Trump even in areas where voters view him as stronger and trust him more than Mr. Biden, like immigration and crime. Veering into a kind of brutal excess that is, at best, immoral and, at worst, unconstitutional, he has said that undocumented immigrants were “ poisoning the blood of our country ,” and his advisers say he would aim to round them up in mass detention camps and end birthright citizenship . He has indicated that, if faced with episodes of rioting or crime surges, he would unilaterally send troops into American cities. He has asked aides if the United States could shoot migrants below the waist to slow them down, and he has said that he would use the Insurrection Act to deploy the military against protesters.

During his time in office, none of those things happened because there were enough people in military leadership with the moral fitness to say “no” to such illegal orders. But there are good reasons to worry about whether that would happen again, as Mr. Trump works harder to surround himself with people who enable rather than check his most insidious impulses.

The Supreme Court, with its ruling on July 1 granting presidents “absolute immunity” for official acts, has removed an obstacle to Mr. Trump’s worst impulses: the threat of legal consequences. What remains is his own sense of right and wrong. Our country’s future is too precious to rely on such a broken moral compass.

Principled Leadership Matters

Republican presidents and presidential candidates have used their leadership at critical moments to set a tone for society to live up to. Mr. Reagan faced down totalitarianism in the 1980s, appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court and worked with Democrats on bipartisan tax and immigration reforms. George H.W. Bush signed the Americans With Disabilities Act and decisively defended an ally, Kuwait, against Iraqi aggression. George W. Bush, for all his failures after Sept. 11, did not stoke hate against or demonize Muslims or Islam.

As a candidate during the 2008 race, Mr. McCain spoke out when his fellow conservatives spread lies about his opponent, Barack Obama. Mr. Romney was willing to sacrifice his standing and influence in the party he once represented as a presidential nominee, by boldly calling out Mr. Trump’s failings and voting for his removal from office.

These acts of leadership are what it means to put country first, to think beyond oneself.

Mr. Trump has demonstrated contempt for these American ideals. He admires autocrats, from Viktor Orban to Vladimir Putin to Kim Jong-un. He believes in the strongman model of power — a leader who makes things happen by demanding it, compelling agreement through force of will or personality. In reality, a strongman rules through fear and the unprincipled use of political might for self-serving ends, imposing poorly conceived policies that smother innovation, entrepreneurship, ideas and hope.

During his four years in office, Mr. Trump tried to govern the United States as a strongman would, issuing orders or making decrees on Twitter. He announced sudden changes in policy — on who can serve in the military , on trade policy, on how the United States deals with North Korea or Russia — without consulting experts on his staff about how these changes would affect America. Indeed, nowhere did he put his political or personal interests above the national interest more tragically than during the pandemic , when he faked his way through a crisis by touting conspiracy theories and pseudoscience while ignoring the advice of his own experts and resisting basic safety measures that would have saved lives.

He took a similar approach to America’s strategic relationships abroad. Mr. Trump lost the trust of America’s longstanding allies, especially in NATO, leaving Europe less secure and emboldening the far right and authoritarian leaders in Europe, Latin America and Asia. He pulled out of the Iran nuclear deal, leaving that country, already a threat to the world, more dangerous, thanks to a revived program that has achieved near-weapons-grade uranium.

In a second term, his willingness to appease Mr. Putin would leave Ukraine’s future as a democratic and independent country in doubt. Mr. Trump implies that he could single-handedly end the catastrophic war in Gaza but has no real plan. He has suggested that in a second term he’d increase tariffs on Chinese goods to 60 percent or higher and that he would put a 10 percent tariff on all imported goods, moves that would raise prices for American consumers and reduce innovation by allowing U.S. industries to rely on protectionism instead.

The worst of the Trump administration’s policies were often blocked by Congress, by court challenges and by the objections of honorable public servants who stepped in to thwart his demands when they were irresponsible or did not follow the law. When Mr. Trump wanted an end to Obamacare, a single Republican senator, Mr. McCain, saved it, preserving health care for millions of Americans. Mr. Trump demanded that James Comey, his F.B.I. director, pledge loyalty to him and end an investigation into a political ally; Mr. Comey refused. Scientists and public health officials called out and corrected his misinformation about climate science and Covid. The Supreme Court sided against the Trump administration more times than any other president since at least Franklin D. Roosevelt.

A second Trump administration would be different. He intends to fill his administration with sycophants, those who have shown themselves willing to obey Mr. Trump’s demands or those who lack the strength to stand up to him. He wants to remove those who would be obstacles to his agenda, by enacting an order to make it easier to fire civil servants and replace them with those more loyal to him.

This means not only that Americans would lose the benefit of their expertise but also that America would be governed in a climate of fear, in which government employees must serve the interests of the president rather than the public. All cabinet secretaries follow a president’s lead, but Mr. Trump envisions a nation in which public service as Americans understand it would cease to exist — where individual civil servants and departments could no longer make independent decisions and where research by scientists and public health experts and investigations by the Justice Department and others in federal law enforcement would be more malleable to the demands of the White House.

Another term under Mr. Trump’s leadership would risk doing permanent damage to our government. As Mr. Comey, a longtime Republican, wrote in a 2019 guest essay for Times Opinion, “Accomplished people lacking inner strength can’t resist the compromises necessary to survive Mr. Trump and that adds up to something they will never recover from.” Very few who serve under him can avoid this fate “because Mr. Trump eats your soul in small bites,” Mr. Comey wrote. “Of course, to stay, you must be seen as on his team, so you make further compromises. You use his language, praise his leadership, tout his commitment to values. And then you are lost. He has eaten your soul.” America will get nowhere with a strongman. It needs a strong leader.

Character Matters

Character is the quality that gives a leader credibility, authority and influence. During the 2016 campaign, Mr. Trump’s petty attacks on his opponents and their families led many Republicans to conclude that he lacked such character. Other Republicans, including those who supported the former president’s policies in office, say they can no longer in good conscience back him for the presidency. “It’s a job that requires the kind of character he just doesn’t have,” Paul Ryan, a former Republican House speaker, said of Mr. Trump in May .

Those who know Mr. Trump’s character best — the people he appointed to serve in the most important positions of his White House — have expressed grave doubts about his fitness for office.

His former chief of staff John Kelly, a retired four-star Marine Corps general, described Mr. Trump as “a person who admires autocrats and murderous dictators. A person that has nothing but contempt for our democratic institutions, our Constitution and the rule of law.” Bill Barr, whom Mr. Trump appointed as attorney general, said of him , “He will always put his own interest and gratifying his own ego ahead of everything else, including the country’s interest.” James Mattis, a retired four-star Marine general who served as defense secretary, said , “Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people — does not even pretend to try.”

Mike Pence, Mr. Trump’s vice president, has disavowed him. No other vice president in modern American history has done this. “I believe that anyone who puts themselves over the Constitution should never be president of the United States,” Mr. Pence has said . “And anyone who asked someone else to put them over the Constitution should never be president of the United States again.”

These are hardly exceptions. In any other American administration, a single cabinet-level defection is rare. But an unprecedented number of Mr. Trump’s appointees have publicly criticized his leadership, opposed his 2024 presidential candidacy or ducked questions about his fitness for a second term. More than a dozen of his most senior appointees — those he chose to work alongside him and who saw his performance most closely — have spoken out against him, serving as witnesses about the kind of leader he is.

There are many ways to judge leaders’ character; one is to see whether they accept responsibility for their actions. As a general rule, Mr. Trump abhors accountability. If he loses, the election is rigged. If he is convicted, it’s because the judges are out to get him. If he doesn’t get his way in a deal, as happened multiple times with Congress in his term, he shuts down the government or threatens to.

Americans do not expect their presidents to be perfect; many of them have exhibited hubris, self-regard, arrogance and other character flaws. But the American system of government is more than just the president: It is a system of checks and balances, and it relies on everyone in government to intervene when a president’s personal failings might threaten the common good.

Mr. Trump tested those limits as president, and little has changed about him in the four years since he lost re-election. He tries to intimidate anyone with the temerity to testify as a witness against him. He attacks the integrity of judges who are doing their duty to hold him accountable to the law. He mocks those he dislikes and lies about those who oppose him and targets Republicans for defeat if they fail to bend the knee.

It may be tempting for Americans to believe that a second Trump presidency would be much like the first, with the rest of government steeled to protect the country and resist his worst impulses. But the strongman needs others to be weak, and Mr. Trump is surrounding himself with yes men.

The American public has a right to demand more from their president and those who would serve under him.

A President’s Words Matter

When America saw white nationalists and neo-Nazis march through the streets of Charlottesville, Va., in 2017 and activists were rallying against racism, Mr. Trump spoke of “very fine people on both sides.” When he was pressed about the white supremacist Proud Boys during a 2020 debate, Mr. Trump told them to “stand back and stand by,” a request that, records show, they took literally in deciding to storm Congress. This winter, the former president urged Iowans to vote for him and score a victory over their fellow Americans — “all of the liars, cheaters, thugs, perverts, frauds, crooks, freaks, creeps.” And in a Veterans Day speech in New Hampshire, he used the word “vermin,” a term he has deployed to describe both immigrants and political opponents.

What a president says reflects on the United States and the kind of society we aspire to be.

In 2022 this board raised an urgent alarm about the rising threat of political violence in the United States and what Americans could do to stop it. At the time, Mr. Trump was preparing to declare his intention to run for president again, and the Republican Party was in the middle of a fight for control, between Trumpists and those who were ready to move on from his destructive leadership. This struggle within the party has consequences for all Americans. “A healthy democracy requires both political parties to be fully committed to the rule of law and not to entertain or even tacitly encourage violence or violent speech,” we wrote.

A large faction of one party in our country fails that test, and that faction, Mr. Trump’s MAGA extremists, now controls the party and its levers of power. There are many reasons his conquest of the Republican Party is bad for American democracy, but one of the most significant is that those extremists have often embraced violent speech or the belief in using violence to achieve their political goals. This belief led to the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, and it has resulted in a rising number of threats against judges, elected officials and prosecutors.

This threat cannot be separated from Mr. Trump’s use of language to encourage violence, to dehumanize groups of people and to spread lies. A study by researchers at the University of California, Davis, released in October 2022, came to the conclusion that MAGA Republicans (as opposed to those who identified themselves as traditional Republicans) “are more likely to hold extreme and racist beliefs, to endorse political violence, to see such violence as likely to occur and to predict that they will be armed under circumstances in which they consider political violence to be justified.”

The Republican Party had an opportunity to renounce Trumpism; it has submitted to it. Republican leaders have had many opportunities to repudiate his violent discourse and make clear that it should have no place in political life; they failed to. Sizable numbers of voters in Republican primaries abandoned Mr. Trump for other candidates, and independent and undecided voters have said that Mr. Trump’s language has alienated them from his candidacy.

But with his nomination by his party all but assured, Mr. Trump has become even more reckless in employing extreme and violent speech, such as his references to executing generals who raise questions about his actions. He has argued, before the Supreme Court, that he should have the right to assassinate a political rival and face no consequences.

The Rule of Law Matters

The danger from these foundational failings — of morals and character, of principled leadership and rhetorical excess — is never clearer than in Mr. Trump’s disregard for rule of law, his willingness to do long-term damage to the integrity of America’s systems for short-term personal gain.

As we’ve noted, Mr. Trump’s disregard for democracy was most evident in his attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 election and to encourage violence to stop the peaceful transfer of power. What stood in his way were the many patriotic Americans, at every level of government, who rejected his efforts to bully them into complying with his demands to change election results. Instead, they followed the rules and followed the law. This respect for the rule of law, not the rule of men, is what has allowed American democracy to survive for more than 200 years.

In the four years since losing the election, Mr. Trump has become only more determined to subvert the rule of law, because his whole theory of Trumpism boils down to doing whatever he wants without consequence. Americans are seeing this unfold as Mr. Trump attempts to fight off numerous criminal charges. Not content to work within the law to defend himself, he is instead turning to sympathetic judges — including two Supreme Court justices with apparent conflicts over the 2020 election and Jan. 6-related litigation. The playbook: delay federal prosecution until he can win election and end those legal cases. His vision of government is one that does what he wants, rather than a government that operates according to the rule of law as prescribed by the Constitution, the courts and Congress.

As divided as America is, people across the political spectrum generally recoil from rigged rules, favoritism, self-dealing and abuse of power. Our country has been so stable for so long in part because most Americans and most American leaders follow the rules or face the consequences.

So much in the past two decades has tested these norms in our society — the invasion of Iraq under false pretenses, the failures that led to the 2008 financial crisis and the recession that followed, the pandemic and all the fractures and inequities that it revealed. We need a recommitment to the rule of law and the values of fair play. This election is a moment for Americans to decide whether we will keep striving for those ideals.

Mr. Trump rejects them. If he is re-elected, America will face a new and precarious future, one that it may not be prepared for. It is a future in which intelligence agencies would be judged not according to whether they preserved national security but by whether they served Mr. Trump’s political agenda. It means that prosecutors and law enforcement officials would be judged not according to whether they follow the law to keep Americans safe but by whether they obey his demands to “go after” political enemies. It means that public servants would be judged not according to their dedication or skill but by whether they show sufficient loyalty to him and his MAGA agenda.

Even if Mr. Trump’s vague policy agenda would not be fulfilled, he could rule by fear. The lesson of other countries shows that when a bureaucracy is politicized or pressured, the best public servants will run for the exits.

This is what has already happened in Mr. Trump’s Republican Party, with principled leaders and officials retiring, quitting or facing ouster. In a second term, he intends to do that to the whole of government.

Election Day is less than four months away. The case against Mr. Trump is extensive, and this board urges Americans to perform a simple act of civic duty in an election year: Listen to what Mr. Trump is saying, pay attention to what he did as president and allow yourself to truly inhabit what he has promised to do if returned to office.

Voters frustrated by inflation and immigration or attracted by the force of Mr. Trump’s personality should pause and take note of his words and promises. They have little to do with unity and healing and a lot to do with making the divisions and anger in our society wider and more intense than they already are.

The Republican Party has made its choice; soon all Americans will be able to make their own choice. What would Mr. Trump do in a second term? He has told Americans who he is and shown them what kind of leader he would be.

When someone fails so many foundational tests, you don’t give him the most important job in the world.

From top, photographs and video by Damon Winter/The New York Times (2) and Jay Turner Frey Seawell (5).

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