what jobs does a phd get you

Ten Jobs Where You Can Use Your PhD

By Michelle Lanchart and Stacy Hartman

Earning a PhD provides you with more skills and career opportunities than you might think it does. Below are ten jobs where you can use your PhD—some in academic settings and some not. There are many other opportunities available to you; this list is just a place to start thinking about your career options.*

1. Staff culture writer, digital media company

Staff writers report on artistic and cultural events, providing analysis and context for a broad audience on a variety of topics. As a PhD, you already have the excellent writing and research skills the job requires, and your advanced training in the interpretation of literature, culture, and language enhances your ability to articulate the significance of cultural and artistic phenomena.

2. Dean of students, private high school

A dean of students leads curriculum design, develops academic and behavioral policies, and determines the best strategies to build students’ academic success. The research, leadership, and teaching experience you acquired while earning your PhD makes you a good candidate in this field.

3. Assistant professor, university or college department

An assistant professor teaches undergraduate (and, depending on the institution, graduate) courses, serves on committees that help determine academic and organizational policies for the department and institution, and conducts research, with an eye toward receiving tenure.

4. Research associate, variety of companies

As a research associate you would gather data to determine whether a product or service is desirable to consumers or companies. Your extensive experience conducting research and presenting it to a variety of audiences is a transferable skill that you bring to research associate positions.

5. Development writer, nonprofit or university

A development writer builds relationships with donors and increases public engagement through written and oral communication. Your ability to write about specialized research or technical activities for a general audience is useful for this position.

6. Assistant director, learning programs

Assistant directors have a variety of responsibilities, from providing instructional support to faculty members and graduate students to assessing and improving educational services. This can be an exciting opportunity to apply your teaching and leadership experience beyond the classroom.

7. Associate director, global programs

Associate directors work with faculty members to develop programs and curricula for students studying abroad. Your experiences teaching, developing educational programs, as well as studying, living, and researching abroad, are ideal for this position.

8. Program officer, think tank, foundation, or scholarly association

As a program officer you would take the lead in program development, which involves procuring grants and funding, managing projects, and overseeing budgets. These roles leverage your experience applying for funding and managing complex projects.

9. Copywriter, many companies and organizations

Copywriters produce and edit copy (i.e., writing) for marketing campaigns and then plan and implement those campaigns, which help companies promote products and services across a variety of media. Excellent research and writing skills and an ability to write for different audiences are essential for this job.

10. Curriculum designer, educational technology

Curriculum designers develop educational content and curricula to be delivered digitally to students or employees and often provide technical support to instructors or trainers. This is a great role for those who have developed skills in the digital humanities or in blended learning, and it also leverages your experiences in teaching and in curriculum development.

Your PhD gives you the skills to pursue a variety of career paths. To learn more about how to prepare for the job search and how to gain experience in the industries that interest you, visit the  Connected Academics Web site .

*Please note that the job ads are provided as examples and may no longer be accepting applications. A job ad’s inclusion in this list does not constitute an endorsement of the employer by the MLA.

3 comments on “Ten Jobs Where You Can Use Your PhD”

Steve Colburn says:

And don’t forget Government service at the Municipal, County, State, and Federal Level. I know Language and Literature academics who have pursued rewarding careers at all of these levels of Government service to the public, and have received good financial compensation, enjoyed reliable job security, defined-benefit pension programs, and the opportunity to pursue a challenging, rewarding job! Retired Training Manager and Senior Organizational Policy Analyst for Local County Government in Sunny South Florida! Life Member of the MLA, since Grad School in 1976.

Peter Marbais says:

There are a number of language editing opportunities in addition to copy editing. I made the transition from teaching English literature and composition to editing documents for ESL writers aspiring to publish in English-language journals. My experience helping ESL students at the Kent State University writing center and in my composition courses paved the way to helping researchers from around the world. The work is highly rewarding, and there are a number of great resources available online for both contract editors (freelancers) and full-time editors. This link provides a good overview of several types of editing roles: https://www.thebalancesmb.com/freelance-editing-jobs-1360401 .

Peter Marbais, PhD, ELS Quality Control Editor III American Journal Experts, a Research Square company

David -Ross Gerling says:

I made the transition to a law firm in Spain whose clients are Brits and American ex-pats or just foreigners in trouble with the Spanish legal system. My work as ex-pat advocate is every bit as satisfying and infinitely more lucrative than teaching Spanish . David-Ross Gerling, PhD

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8 Careers You Can Pursue with a Doctorate in Education

Industry Advice Education

By earning a Doctor of Education (EdD) degree, you’re preparing yourself for a career with lasting impact—on students, on the future of a college or university, on your community, or on the trajectory of a nonprofit trying to improve other communities locally and abroad.

You’re also positioning yourself for advancement. Professionals who earn an EdD are qualified for roles leading and operating schools at the elementary, high school, or college level. They learn to lead in a way that can be transferred to the front of a classroom or at the ground level of an organization.

An EdD signals to employers that you’re a thought leader; that you’re someone who’s demonstrated the capacity to identify a problem, examine issues from multiple perspectives, and offer relevant insights for practical solutions. With your doctorate in hand, you’re prepared to take on a leadership role across a variety of industries.

Here’s a look at the types of positions EdD graduates pursue and eight of the top careers available in the field. 

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What Type of Positions Do EdD Students Pursue?

Northeastern’s EdD students cultivate their leadership skills in the program by integrating practice and insights from experienced faculty and high-achieving peers . They come from diverse fields, including business, criminal justice, healthcare, military, human services, and the nonprofit sector. Their job titles and careers are just as diverse, with students working as policymakers, systems analysts, and administrative leaders within higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and governmental agencies.

Top Careers for Doctor of Education Graduates

1. college president.

Average Annual Salary: $272,203

Presidents are the top leaders of a college or university. They establish and execute on their school’s strategic vision, spearhead fundraising, attend student events, and deliver speeches to a variety of constituents, such as donors, lawmakers, government, and faculty, to raise the profile of the institution both locally and abroad. They also collaborate with senior administrators, faculty, and staff to devise new ways to support students and improve their learning environment while maintaining high academic standards. Depending on the type of public or private institution they lead, college presidents can earn impressive seven-figure salaries . 

2. Chief Learning Officer

Average Annual Salary: $152,225

In education, top executive roles include positions like “chief learning officer”—a senior-level professional who develops and drives strategies that help his or her college or university meet critical business goals. Chief learning officers (CLOs) focus on creating strategies for training, learning, and development, and typically oversee an institute’s latest technologies, such as its online learning platform.

Average Annual Salary: $148,783

A provost—or vice president, depending on the college or university—is a senior-level academic administrator who tends to be second in command after the president. Provosts work closely with deans and department heads, and help determine their institution’s academic goals and priorities, as well as how to allocate the resources necessary to support those initiatives. They often oversee daily operations and work to hire and retain a diverse faculty. 

4. School Superintendent

Average Annual Salary: $116,931

Superintendents are the top executives of a school district. They’re responsible for establishing and overseeing their district’s budget, staffing, infrastructure, and spending. Superintendents collaborate closely with a school board to develop and implement new policies and programs in line with the district’s short- and long-term goals, as well as allocate the financial and human resources necessary to achieve the district’s overarching vision.

5. Elementary, Middle, and High School Principal

Average Annual Salary: $95,310

Principals oversee the daily operations of an elementary, middle, or high school. They hire teachers and staff, manage the budget, and enforce disciplinary rules when necessary. Principals also develop and assess educational programming aimed at achieving student learning outcomes, all while striving to create and maintain a positive learning environment. More than 11,000 principal positions are expected to emerge by 2028, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics .

A principal’s salary might differ depending on whether he or she works at an elementary, middle, or high school. The mean wages for principals at each level, according to PayScale are:

• Elementary School : $81,095
• Middle School : $87,989
• High School : $92,197

6. Academic Dean

Average Annual Salary: $90,339  

Deans work at the senior administrative level of a college or university. The role varies depending on the institution, but deans often manage faculty and staff, set academic goals, implement strategic planning, oversee their department’s budget, help fundraise, support research initiatives, and foster student development. Some departments you might find them in are:

• Admissions : Those working in admissions develop and lead recruitment initiatives for a college or university. They evaluate applications, decide the number of students who should be admitted to the school, who those students should be, and communicate with prospects and their families.
• Research : A dean of research often oversees faculty and collaborates with them to create a strategy for developing short- and long-term research initiatives. They also work to secure research funding, oversee the research budget, and establish key industry partnerships.
• Student Affairs : The student affairs office typically oversees a variety of different departments, such as residence life, athletics, student support services, and diversity and inclusion. A dean of student affairs typically establishes and evaluates nonacademic programs that foster and enrich the student experience, as well as handle disciplinary issues and communicate with students’ parents or legal guardians.
• Advancement : The advancement office—also known as “development” or “alumni relations” depending on the school—is responsible for securing funding for the college or university from potential donors, including alumni, government policymakers, corporations, and foundations. They nurture and maintain those relationships, ensuring all gifts received are being used as intended.

7. Professor

Average Annual Salary: $78,470

Postsecondary teachers, or professors, work at the college or university level, developing course curricula, instructing students in a specific area of study, and assessing their progress. When they’re not teaching, professors are often conducting research, writing scholarly papers, or attending conferences.

Professors’ salaries vary based on where they are on the tenure track and their area of expertise. The median salary for a professor based on rank, according to PayScale, is:

• Instructor : $49,510
• Lecturer: $51,101
• Assistant Professor : $67,021
• Associate Professor : $76,250
• Professor : $87,018

Salaries range further depending on the professor’s focus. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , the top 10 highest-paying subjects—and what those subjects offer in terms of average annual wage—are:

• Law : $111,140
• Engineering : $101,720
• Economics : $101,720
• Health Specialties : $97,370
• Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Science : $90,860
• Physics : $90,800
• Architecture : $86,980
• Forestry and Conservation Science : $86,900
• Agricultural Sciences : $84,640
• Business : $83,960

8. Executive Director of Education

Average Annual Salary: $73,640

Executive directors are often the senior leaders of a nonprofit organization or business. They work closely with a board of directors but are the ones who make the daily operational decisions. Executive directors hire and manage staff, handle external relations, engage volunteers, oversee the budget—including all fundraising initiatives—and develop policies, programs, and strategies that guide the organization’s mission and purpose. 

What Can You Do with a Doctorate in Education from Northeastern?

When you earn your EdD from Northeastern , you’re not only advancing your own work, you’re joining a top-tier university and pursuing a rigorous education with an entrepreneurial orientation toward making our world a better place. You’re joining a vast network of students and alumni in the EdD, which spans more than 2,000 professionals across many domains of education. You’re gaining access to engaging faculty who understand the importance of professional experiences in a growing leadership capacity, and who are prepared to offer you personal attention to support your professional development.

With your EdD, you can make a difference in the lives of children, communities, and organizations, as you transform your problem of practice into a plan for change and action.

Editor’s note: This article was originally published in September of 2017. It has since been updated for accuracy and relevance. 

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The median annual salary for professional degree holders is $97,000. (BLS, 2020)

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What Can You Get a PhD in? [Doctorate Guide]

What can you get a PhD in? This question is frequently asked by people who want to expand their knowledge and unlock new career paths by earning a doctoral degree.

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You can earn a PhD in a wide variety of fields, ranging from anthropology to zoology. This guide explores some of the most popular types of PhDs, associated careers, and factors to consider when selecting an online PhD program.

What Can You Get a PhD In?

Colleges and universities offer doctorate programs in a broad range of disciplines, so aspiring PhD students have many options.

The best PhDs to get depend on your professional goals, interests, and previous education. Here are ten of the most common PhDs that people pursue.

Select the program that most interests you to jump to that section of the guide:

• Online PhD in Anthropology
• Online PhD in Biology
• Online PhD in Business
• Online PhD in Clinical Psychology
• Online PhD in Computer Science
• Online PhD in Education
• Online PhD in English
• Online PhD in Psychology
• Online PhD in Nursing
• Online PhD in Physical Therapy

The program that’s best for you will depend on your personal interests and professional goals.

PhD in Anthropology

You can deepen your understanding of anthropological research methods and theories with a PhD in Anthropology.

Many programs allow doctoral students to specialize in a subfield, such as archeology, biological anthropology, and sociocultural anthropology. Courses vary by program but typically cover data analysis, field research methods, and public archeology.

Graduates who earn this degree may go on to work as college professors, forensic anthropologists, and museum curators.

PhD in Biology

A PhD in Biology prepares students to contribute new knowledge to the biological sciences. Students can focus on various areas of specialty, including computational biology, ecology, and genetic epidemiology.

These programs often have interdisciplinary curricula that allow students to study advanced biological concepts and research methods. Course subjects may include biochemistry, contemporary biology, molecular neuroscience, and statistics. Current professionals work in bioinformatics, biotech, education, healthcare, and other industries.

PhD in Business

A PhD in Business trains business leaders and researchers. Students learn how to use advanced financial models and strategies to solve complex business issues.

Business PhD programs frequently teach subjects like accounting, consumer behavior, industrial organization, and microeconomics. Additionally, they cover research methods like econometrics and statistical analysis.

Graduates can use their business knowledge and skills to become business consultants, C-suite executives, economists, and professors.

PhD in Clinical Psychology

You can enrich your understanding of the human psyche with a PhD in Clinical Psychology. This degree focuses on researching mental health issues and psychological science. Students also learn how to apply their knowledge in clinical settings.

Typically, courses cover adult psychopathology, clinical interviewing, professional ethics, and psychological assessment. Students may also be required to complete clinical practicums. Graduates often pursue careers as child psychologists, neuropsychologists, and medical psychologists.

PhD in Computer Science

A PhD in Computer Science allows students to expand their knowledge of advanced computer systems and theories.

Curricula often cover a broad range of topics, like algorithms, data management, and random computing. Additionally, this degree trains students to conduct cutting-edge research in subfields of computer science, such as artificial intelligence and cryptography.

Graduates frequently work as chief technology officers, computer and information research scientists, and senior software engineers.

PhD in Education

If you want to research educational approaches and theories, you might consider a PhD in Education. This academic degree trains students to develop new learning methods and promote more effective teaching.

Common courses include advanced qualitative methodology, educating diverse learners, and instructional design. Also, many students specialize in higher education, literacy, special education, and other niches. Current professionals with this degree often work in teaching, administrative, and research positions in colleges and K-12 schools.

PhD in English

A PhD in English gives students the opportunity to interpret, theorize, and teach literature, film, and other types of media.

Courses cover literature from a variety of cultures, genres, and periods, such as children’s literature and Victorian literature. Moreover, these programs often promote interdisciplinary research that engages with history, psychology, and other fields. This degree can help you qualify for a position as a college professor, editor, or technical writer.

PhD in Psychology

A PhD in Psychology prepares students to conduct independent research on human cognition, behavior, and mental processes.

Students also learn how to implement clinical research methods and design experiments with human subjects. This research-intensive degree covers subjects like affective science, developmental psychology, professional ethics, and history and systems of psychology.

Additionally, many programs include clinical practicums. Graduates frequently work as academic researchers, clinical psychologists, and market researchers.

PhD in Nursing

A PhD in Nursing gives students a strong theoretical foundation in healthcare delivery and nursing science.

Standard course topics may include grant writing, leadership for nurse scientists, and methods in clinical research. This degree also trains students to apply advanced research methods to develop innovative approaches to patient care and improve healthcare policies.

A PhD in Nursing can unlock careers in clinical research, health policy, and nonprofit organizations.

PhD in Physical Therapy

A PhD in Physical Therapy allows students to research the science of physical therapy and educate others about the latest approaches to treating ill, injured, and disabled patients.

The curriculum typically addresses subjects like applied physiology, movement science, and prosthetics. Students also learn how to treat patients in clinical settings. This degree helps prepares students for specialized physical therapy careers in acute care, oncology, sports, and other areas.

How to Choose a PhD Program

The right PhD program for you aligns with your goals and sets you up for academic and professional success.

These considerations can help you compare online PhD programs :

• Faculty reputation . Prestigious faculty can assist with networking and connect you with exciting professional opportunities, such as presenting at top conferences.
• Funding opportunities . Many PhD programs offer complete funding packages, which may include stipends and other benefits.
• Placement rates . Programs that place alumni in tenure-track academic jobs and high-paying industry positions may provide excellent career support.
• Research areas . It’s strategic to look for a program that offers courses and extracurricular activities related to your interests. For instance, an English PhD program with speculative fiction courses might be ideal if you want to study science fiction writers.

Additionally, you can contact current PhD students to get a sense of the program’s culture and learn about their experiences.

Do You Need a PhD to Be a Professor?

You don’t always need a PhD to become a professor . The requirements vary by institution and position.

Some colleges hire people with master’s degrees and relevant industry experience to teach freshman-level courses. For instance, someone with an MBA and several years of work experience might teach undergraduate finance courses.

Schools that require a terminal degree may also accept a doctorate degree from an accredited university, even when it’s not a PhD. A professional doctorate degree focuses on practical applications of knowledge, while a PhD emphasizes original research.

How Hard Is It to Get Into a Ph.D. Program?

If you want to learn how to get a PhD, you can start by researching admissions criteria for online programs in your field. Requirements vary by program, so some schools may be more difficult to get into.

Here are some common admissions requirements:

• Bachelor’s or master’s degree in a relevant field
• GRE scores (only some schools require them)
• CV or resume
• Personal statement
• Letters of recommendation
• Writing sample
• Interview with the admissions committee

The specific requirements influence how challenging it is to get into a particular program, so it’s beneficial to research the criteria ahead of time.

What Is the Easiest PhD to Get?

The difficulty level of any PhD is highly subjective. But choosing a quality PhD program can increase the likelihood that you finish your degree on schedule.

A PhD program with these qualities can help facilitate your success:

• Classes that align with your research focus
• Knowledgeable faculty who enjoy mentoring graduate students
• Full-funding packages
• Student support services, like mental health counseling
• Professional development workshops
• State-of-the-art research facilities
• Clear program milestones

Additionally, you may finish your doctoral degree faster. A program with less requirements makes it one of the easiest PhDs to get such as fewer credit hours or doesn’t include a dissertation component.

What Are Some of the Highest Paying PhD Degrees I Can Get?

Many careers that require an advanced degree have lucrative median salaries. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , here are the median salaries of ten high-paying careers often pursued by people with PhDs:

• Physicists — $142,850
• Computer and information research scientists — $136,620
• Pharmacists — $132,750
• Political scientists — $128,020
• Economists — $113,940
• Mathematicians — $112,110
• Medical scientists — $99,930
• Physical therapists — $97,720
• Clinical and counseling psychologists — $90,130
• Postsecondary business teachers — $88,790

Many factors can affect salaries and job availability, including geographic location, skills, work experience, and your PhD program’s reputation.

Does It Matter Where You Get Your PhD?

The institution you choose for your PhD can impact your academic performance, career trajectory, and personal life.

Choosing a program that offers financial support can give you more time to focus on your studies and develop marketable skills. Additionally, you may find it easier to conduct and publish innovative research with access to leading faculty and top facilities.

Employers often consider a school’s reputation when considering job candidates, so selecting a prestigious program could boost your chances of landing a preferred position.

Earning Your PhD Degree Online

What can I get a PhD in? Colleges and universities offer a broad range of doctoral programs in numerous disciplines. These degrees enable you to study advanced concepts in your chosen field and immerse yourself in the world of academic research.

Graduates use their PhDs to pursue a variety of careers in academia, government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the private sector. Many jobs that require graduate degrees offer lucrative wages and other benefits, such as academic tenure.

If you want to build your expertise and perform ground-breaking research, you can begin your journey by researching online PhD programs from accredited universities.

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What Are the Career Options With a PhD in Business?

The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is commonly referred to as one of the leading graduate degree programs for business professionals, particularly those who want to pursue leadership opportunities within their chosen field.   

However, many passionate businesspeople find themselves wondering, "Can you get a PhD in Business?" The answer, of course, is yes: A doctorate degree in business is ideal for those looking to push the boundaries and explore in-depth business topics related to their personal career goals, along with anyone who may be interested in business ownership or senior management opportunities.  

Understanding the Value of a PhD in Business  

Compared to other graduate degree programs in business administration, the doctorate in business is a relatively new addition. According to  Coursera , Harvard University was the first university to offer a PhD in Business, with the elite Ivy League school introducing it to its offerings in the 1950s. Yet, over the course of the past several decades, the Doctor of Business Administration degree and other doctoral degrees in business have made their mark on the industry.  

At one time, the MBA degree was considered the qualifying degree for managers and senior-level executives. Recently, according to  Harvard Business Review , advances in technology as well as shifts in business demands have increased the need for highly specialized business professionals, ultimately boosting the value of a PhD in business.  

Reasons to Pursue a PhD in Business  

Pursuing a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or another doctoral degree in business can be incredibly rewarding, and not just on a personal level. These are some of the top reasons why business professionals enroll in a doctorate business degree program:  

• It provides them with a competitive advantage in an industry infiltrated with qualified professionals.  
• It offers access to exclusive research opportunities, allowing them to better align their interests and passions with their career goals.  
• It can give them an opportunity to curve their career path toward a new goal, such as working in academia or pursuing business ownership.  

The Journey Toward a PhD in Business  

Admissions criteria for a PhD in business program vary based on the school you are considering. However, most universities that offer a doctorate in business require applicants to:  

• Have spent several years working in the business profession and gaining relevant experience.  
• Have showcased an interest in research and participated in a research-based project.  
• Have earned an MBA degree or another relevant graduate degree.  

Exploring Career Paths for PhD in Business Graduates  

Doctoral degree programs are generally associated with careers in academia. Though that is certainly an option for graduates who earn a PhD in business, there are also a variety of exciting and interesting career pathways to explore:  

A Career as a Business Consultant  

Consulting is one of the most dynamic fields within the world of business. As a business consultant, you would have the opportunity to work directly with the owners of a business or upper management to create a business plan, establish goals and create a strategy to reach those goals. According to  Glassdoor , business consulting professionals earn an average salary of about $99,000 per year.  

To become a business consultant, you need a strong foundation in the best business practices and a broad range of knowledge of numerous industries—making this a good fit for graduates with a PhD in business. According to  Indeed , common business consultant job responsibilities include:  

• Developing a marketing strategy designed to improve brand awareness among a target market segment.  
• Providing relevant information about new technology that can help streamline business operations.  
• Reviewing financial procedures to identify new opportunities for revenue growth or ways to reduce costs.  
• Creating a strategy to attract top talent and retain existing employees.  

Opportunities as a C-Suite Executive  

Earning a doctorate in business can help you reach those coveted C-suite positions. The C-suite is defined as the top tier of any organization, and the executives who work at the C-level include:  

• Chief executive officer (CEO)  
• Chief operating officer (COO)  
• Chief financial officer (CFO)  
• Chief marketing officer (CMO)  
• Chief information officer (CIO)  

Depending on the size and scope of the organization, there may be other C-level positions available.  

Rather than delegating tasks and managing the progress of individual departments, C-level executives work to make strategic decisions that will guide the organization toward long-term success. Given their roles in the top tier of the company, it's not surprising that these are some of the most lucrative positions.  ZipRecruiter  notes that top earners within the C-level executive workforce earn as much as $138,000 per year.  

The Role of an Economist  

Within a business doctoral degree program, you have the opportunity to specialize, and students who are particularly interested in economics can position themselves to take on the role of an economist after graduation.  

An economist is a professional specializing in economic research, often collecting data related to upcoming economic trends and working to forecast economic fluctuations. As experts in economic theory, economists can provide organizations with actionable insight to help guide their short-term and long-term business strategies.  

Economists play a valuable role in any business organization, regardless of its industry or sector. The primary responsibilities of an economist include:  

• Collecting economic data  
• Conducting economic forecasting  
• Assisting with budget preparation  
• Explaining economic theories in relatable and relevant ways  
• Publishing research and data-based projects to highlight economic trends  

The  Bureau of Labor Statistics  (BLS) notes that demand for economists is expected to grow by about 6 percent between 2022 and 2032, which is faster than average compared to other occupations, and the median annual salary for economists is currently almost $114,000.  

Academia: Becoming a Professor  

The world of academia is appealing to doctoral students, especially those who enjoyed their business school experience and want to be part of the movement to educate the next generation of business professionals.  

Business professors, however, are more than just teachers. At their core, these professors are researchers who specialize in a niche area of business and work to publish their findings on a regular basis. Becoming a professor is an opportunity for you, as a business professional, to focus on an aspect of business you are passionate about while simultaneously educating up-and-coming business leaders.  

According to the  BLS , the job outlook for professors is favorable. The number of available jobs is expected to increase by about 8 percent between 2022 and 2032, which is faster than average. Currently, the median annual salary for a professor is about $80,000.  

Working for Think Tanks and Research Groups  

Think tanks and research groups are specialized organizations focused primarily on conducting research that advocates or supports a specific cause. According to  ZipRecruiter , individuals who work at think tanks or research groups often collaborate in order to:  

• Provide reports and documents that support legislative efforts.  
• Partner with experts on particular issues to advocate and generate support for their cause.  
• Partner with others in the industry to help further their cause.  

Although a bachelor's degree is typically required for an entry-level position at a think tank, many of the most involved and impactful think tanks prefer candidates with a graduate-level degree. The analytical and critical thinking skills required to work at these organizations makes it an ideal fit for anyone with a PhD in business or DBA. According to  PayScale , the average annual salary for a position at a think tank is about $64,000.  

Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur Advisor  

Entrepreneurs and entrepreneur advisors are independent, motivated business professionals who are driven by the concept of bringing a dream to life. Entrepreneurs often work to market their own products and services and strive to become their own boss. While the success of an entrepreneur largely depends on their own level of commitment and their connections in business,  Indeed  notes that an entrepreneur can earn more than $94,000 per year.  

Assisting Government Agencies  

Business experts, including graduates with a PhD in business, are well-qualified to work at a wide range of government agencies. You may be able to assist government agencies in the following types of roles:  

• Human resource specialist – Median annual salary of $64,000  
• Marketing specialist – Median annual salary of $68,000  
• Financial analyst – Median annual salary of $96,000  
• Risk management – Median annual salary of $102,000  

Employment Outlook for PhD in Business Graduates

Employment trends show that higher levels of education are required in order to gain entrance to the work force, increasing the demand for doctoral graduates in nearly every industry. According to the  BLS , employment levels in doctoral and professional occupations are expected to increase by more than 13 percent, whereas employment growth across all occupations is only expected to grow by 7 percent.  

Within the world of business, specifically, the employment outlook for DBA graduates is positive. Overall employment in business and finance is expected to increase by more than 910,000 jobs each year between 2022 and 2032. Those holding a PhD in business would have a distinctive set of advanced skills and have acquired niche business knowledge that could offer them the competitive advantage in this growing sector.  

Salary Expectations for PhD in Business Graduates

Graduates who earn a PhD in business are qualified for high-level, executive positions in business, which can increase their earning potential overtime. For example, some positions for which a graduate with a doctoral degree in business may be qualified include:  

• Chief executive – Responsible for guiding the overall direction of a company, the chief executive is often considered the top leader in the organization. This position earns an average salary of $189,000 annually.  
• Market research analyst – Specializing in advanced research techniques to uncover trends and preferences in specific markets, market research analysts are critical to the success of any organization. This position earns an average salary of $68,000 annually.  
• Business professor – Conducting research and instructing business students at the collegiate level, business professors play a pivotal role in nurturing the next generation of business leaders. The median annual salary for postsecondary educators is nearly $81,000.  
• Management analyst – By monitoring and evaluating an organization's practices, a management analyst makes expert recommendations to improve efficiency and outcomes. The median annual salary for this position is about $95,000.  

How Does Geographic Location Impact Job Opportunities for PhD in Business Graduates?  

Generally speaking, your geographic location would likely have little influence over your job prospects after graduating with a PhD in business. This is especially true in the post-pandemic era, when more people have grown accustomed to remote work and geographic location does not necessarily limit a person's ability to accept a job opportunity.  

Focus on enrolling in a well-respected, high-quality doctorate program, as this would have a larger impact on your professional success than your personal geographic location.  

Are There Any Unique Job Roles for PhD in Business Graduates?  

Graduates who earn a PhD in business may have access to high-level job opportunities featuring specific requirements. Some unique job roles for which those with a DBA or PhD in business may be qualified include:  

• Consultant  
• Entrepreneur  
• Analyst  
• Economist  
• Government agent  

For the most part, you will find that this advanced business degree provides you with the flexibility and versatility you need to personalize your career path moving forward.  

Earn Your PhD in Business at University of the Cumberlands  

At University of the Cumberlands, we offer an  online PhD in Business  that allows experienced professionals the opportunity to elevate their careers and dig deeper into their passion for best business principles. With a focus on business philosophy and evidence-based practices, this doctorate program is designed to help hone your skills, expand your knowledge and give you the ability to shift your career toward achieving your personal goals.  

Request more information  about our doctoral degree programs today.   

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What Can You Do With a PhD?

Why Do a PhD? Benefits and Career Directions

Are you thinking about a PhD as the next stage in your educational and professional development? It’s an exciting road to travel with many potential benefits and opportunities. But you have to earn it first so considering what’s involved is important.

Requirements for a PhD award vary greatly globally and from institution to institution. PhD applicants are expected to have gained at least an Honours degree and sometimes a Master’s degree to be eligible to apply for a PhD programme.

It’s best to find out as much as possible about not only what you can expect during the PhD process but also what will be expected of you. Will the commitments in terms of time, effort and money prove worthwhile? Identifying the pros and cons will help you to weigh up whether this is the right step for you.

The on-going impacts of COVID -19 have to be taken into account. Not only have teaching and learning practices altered in Higher Education but so have ways of working and connecting with each other as technological change advances more rapidly. Sudden shifts and uncertainties mean that flexibility must be factored into any PhD planning, such as supervision or research having to be carried out online.

This article will outline possible career paths and prospects that can follow on from having a PhD as well as the benefits during the process.

First of all ask yourself- Is a PhD right for me?

Do some self-assessment:.

• what your educational experiences and achievements are up to now
• identify what you liked and disliked
• what you were good/skilled at, what you found difficult

Talk to others

Whilst there is no ‘typical’ PhD experience as everyone’s paths differ, it’s helpful to talk to those who have done or are doing a PhD about what is involved. You can make contacts through networks and online forums and find out more about their experience. Read articles and other relevant documents including university publications plus online sources. There is a wide range of websites offering case studies of career stories from what people have done with their PhD.

What parts of doing a PhD appeal to you?

It could be spending time in libraries and archives, fieldwork and interviews, running experiments, analysing data, problem-solving, creative thinking, writing and communicating your findings to others. It’s just as important to ask yourself which parts of it don’t appeal and consider how you would handle those aspects.

Once you’ve done this assessment you can think more about what a PhD might lead to.

Benefits of the PhD experience

The skills you gain and improve during a PhD are transferable and applicable to a wide range of careers. Prospective employers look for those with experience of doing research and a PhD is a research-based degree. What you researched might be directly related to jobs you apply for but it doesn’t need to be: it’s the fact that you have research experience that counts.

Employers also look for those with good written and spoken communication skills (online and face to face) and who can plan and deliver presentations. These could be for team meetings, conferences or sales pitches. Whilst doing a PhD, you will be networking not just within your university but in other areas. In recent years, networking skills have become more important in the work environment. Having networking experience, whether it’s ‘working the room’ at a conference or meeting or attending an online event will boost your potential and help you stand out.

You can develop your networks by attending conferences, talks and other events apart from regular contact with other students and tutors. These may be online given COVID restrictions but opportunities for face- to- face events have increased in the second half of 2021. These contacts can provide useful support and also share work opportunities. There are many online study and research forums  that can help you through your PhD and also offer opportunities for  finding work whilst you are studying  and post-graduation. Some of these online forums may be arranging small-scale physical meet-ups.

Considering Career Possibilities

Whilst a PhD is often seen as professional training for academia, this is just one possibility. In the UK less than half of PhD graduates become academics and this figure can lower in other countries.

As with any career ambitions, assessment of all that is involved. Academics are expected to do much more than research, teach and supervise students.

If this is what you’re aiming for, start preparing by taking up opportunities for  part-time teaching  that might fit into your schedule. This is valuable work experience even if you later decide not to go into academia.

Outside Academia

There are many options in the professions, business and management, public sector and more. From small and local, to large and global, many companies and institutions seek highly qualified personnel. Think about the  types of organisations  you could work for: everything from large multinationals, NGOs, charities, local and national government, regulatory bodies and agencies, SMEs (small to medium enterprises with under 250 employees). The vast majority of companies in the UK are SMEs and offer excellent career progression opportunities.

Different employment sectors have their specific features but increasingly overlap as economic, technological and political changes come into play. Whilst we can distinguish the public and private sectors these have shown degrees of convergence in recent years.

The Professions

These typically involve prolonged training and formal qualifications such as accountancy, civil service, law and medicine. Having a PhD is considered to be  indicative of professional development  but additional training may be required for your chosen area.

Self-employment

This category encompasses all forms of working for yourself, whether setting up a small business by yourself or with others, doing consultancy work or a mix of these.

The self-employed account for around 15% of the labour force in the UK.

There are possibilities of freelance working within academia as well as in other areas, by packaging and selling your expertise and skills. The advantages include being ‘your own boss’, taking on work you choose and being free of the 9 to 5 routine.

There are also challenges, with responsibilities for legal compliance and taxation. There may be long working hours without the ‘cushion’ of secure monthly income and paid holidays.

In the past decade, digital entrepreneurship has rapidly expanded with new start-ups coming online all the time. This trend has increased over the past 18 months as more people lost jobs and decided to set up their own businesses from home.

It’s likely that the gig economy will continue to develop and you may consider if you want to enter this as a sole proprietor or as an employee if self-employment is not your preferred career route.

Not-For-Profit

This includes charities, NGOs and community interest companies. As in other sectors, some are small and local whilst others are global, eg. Oxfam. NGOs might focus on one area or multiple parts of the world but a specific theme such as human rights or the environment. There are openings at different levels and whilst they may rely on volunteers they do have paid positions in fund-raising, advocacy, administration, marketing and management.

The skills and experience gained by a PhD graduate can certainly be applied elsewhere, particularly if you keep an open mind and your eyes on the jobs market from the early days of your  doctoral journey . You can upgrade your employability profile by networking and taking advantage of your university’s employability support and opportunities including gaining some work experience. This is always a big bonus and increasingly required by employers.

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Dr. Ruth Cherrington

Ruth Cherrington has a long record as a higher education professional. She has been a lecturer, trainer and employability adviser both in the UK and abroad. Ruth has always been committed to maximizing the professional development of those she works with. Another strand to her career is as a writer, with a wide range of publications to her name. Ruth enjoys travelling to meet former students and colleagues across the world. LinkedIn

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Reader Interactions

You may also like:.

12th March 2021 at 11:16 pm

I am an environmental chemist working in the waste management industry. I have an MSci degree, and hope to stay in this industry. I am curious if pursuing a PhD will improve my job prospects later down the line, or would working towards a chartership be more valuable?

3rd February 2023 at 2:47 pm

Pursuing a Ph.D. doesn’t only polish your skills, But also gives you a new form of understanding the demand for knowledgeable people required by industries. If you look outside towards different companies offering you more money and benefits, Ph.D. works as fuel to reach higher posts. In the education sector, there is a demand for Ph.D. professors. If you have an industry experience with a Ph.D. your hourly wage varies from around £70 to £100 an hour. I wish you best of luck

16th June 2024 at 9:28 pm

I am already 46 and eager to pursue my PHD. Am I too old to start it?

10th July 2024 at 7:14 am

I’m 41 years having 15 years of experience in IT and bssed out in India.Im really interested to do PhD in either cybersecurity with AI or with some interesting topic with AI.As an organization, management is insisting all employees to use AI as a tool but I wanted to investigate more on it .. Please Advice…

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5 Careers to Pursue With Your PhD in Physics

Often the first and sometimes only career that comes to mind when students consider pursuing their Ph.D. in Physics is a job in academia. Teaching at a college or university can be a noble and rewarding career – but your professional options are not limited exclusively to the realm of a classroom or lab.

Keep reading for data about the fields in which physicists end up working and for a detailed look at the potential career paths that are open to people with an advanced degree in physics.

The Data Shows Career Diversity

One study performed by the American Institute of Physics (AIP), surveyed 503 physicists about their careers working in the private sector, 10-15 years after earning their Ph.D. The data collected revealed a several commonalities. First, the vast majority of mid-career Ph.D. physicists were working in the STEM fields. The most common fields were physics and engineering , followed by education, computer software, and business. Other fields included education (non-physics), non-STEM, other STEM, computer hardware, and medicine.

Additionally, the study found that physicists' careers in the private sector relied heavily on skills such as solving complex problems, managing projects, and writing for a technical audience. Across the board, the study found that the physicists felt their work was rewarding, as they found the work intellectually stimulating and challenging, and enjoyed collaborating with smart professional colleagues.

While the possibilities are vast and varied for those graduating from physics Ph.D. programs , the following are examples meant to demonstrate the range of fields and careers that are available to you.

Research and Development Engineer (Physics)

Job Description: According to AIP, about half of Research and Development Engineers work in the private sector (51 percent) , with 31 percent working in government, 16 percent the academic sector, and 2 percent in other areas. These engineers are responsible for overseeing, conducting, and applying research activities and experiments for organizations . They also will take the results, summarize them and disseminate their findings. They might also be responsible for developing technical documentation for projects.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, project management, technical problem solving, programming, basic physics principles
• Average Salary: $103,140 (as of July 2018)

Data Scientist (Non-STEM)

Job Description : AIP found that the vast majority of Data Scientists work in private industry (82 percent), a smaller portion working for the government (15 percent), and only 2 percent in the academic and 1 percent in other sectors. Data Scientists are responsible for taking large amounts of data and mining for patterns and information hidden within the data sets. They use statistical analysis to review the data, learn about how a business performs, and to build AI tools that automate certain processes within the company. They might also be responsible for creating various machine learning-based tools or processes , including recommendation engines and automated lead scoring systems.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical writing, technical problem solving, programming, design and development, specialized equipment.
• Average Salary : $131,847 (as of August 2018)

Quantitative Developer (Business)

Job Description : Virtually all Quantitative Developers (often referred to as quants) are working in private industry (95 percent) . AIP found that 5 percent found employment in other sectors. A job as a Quantitative Developer will require an interest in working in finance, math, and technology. You will also need experience with computer programming languages such as Matlab, C++, Java, C#, Q, Perl, Python and others. The majority of the work is creating, implementing, and analyzing mathematical models that are used to drive trading decisions. Developers also analyze risk models, create and develop new software for automated trading, and work alongside traders and other financial analysts in the company.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical problem solving, project management, programming, advanced math, simulation and modeling, perform quality control.
• Average Salary : $124,552 (as of August 2018)

Systems Engineer (Computer Software)

Job Description: According to AIP, almost all Systems Engineers work in the private sector (94 percent) , with small portions working in hospital or medical facilities (3 percent), academic settings (3 percent), or government (1 percent). Systems Engineers work alongside a team of highly technical engineers to ensure the quality, performance, and security of software infrustructures. The are responsible for installing, configuring, testing, and maintaining operating systems , application software, and system management tools. They monitor and test the systems, working to identify potential problems and creating and implementing solutions.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical writing and problem solving, programing, advanced math, simulation and modeling, perform technical support.
• Average Salary: ( $92,586 as of August 2018)

Medical Physicist (Medicine)

Job Description: AIP found that 74 percent of Medical Physicists worked in the private sector, and the remaining 26 percent worked in a hospital or medical facility. Medical physicists use a variety of analytical, computer-aided and bioengineering techniques, as well as analytical skills and applied science to aid doctors and medical staff in diagnosing and treating patients. They are responsible for helping to plan and ensure the safe and accurate treatment of patients. Often they will provide training and advice on advanced medical technologies such as radiotherapy, tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and lasers.

About 85% of medical physicists are involved with "some form of therapy," according to Physics Today , a publication of the AIP.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical writing and problem solving, programming, advanced math, work with clients, design and development, simulation and modeling, applied research.
• Median Salary: ( $185,000 as of 2012)

A Ph.D. in Physics Can Take You Far

Your career options post-doctorate are far from restricted to a classroom, a lab, or academia. Upon completion of your Ph.D. program, you will be equipped with the expertise to complement any number of professional teams in a variety of sectors. You could have the option of working in private industry, for government agencies, in hospitals and medical facilities, or if you desire, in a research lab or as a tenured professor.  

The only question that remains is – what will you choose to do next? Start pursuing your advanced degree in physics in order to make one of these careers a reality!

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Possible careers for phds in biomedical sciences.

Posted by Kim Petrie on Friday, December 11, 2020 in Path to Career Resources .

Sometimes it’s just nice to have a list of possibilities. Here’s a terrific list of career paths for PhDs in the biomedical sciences, compiled by Lauren Easterling at Indiana University School of Medicine. It’s nicely arranged by broad theme. See something you’re not familiar with? Check out our Beyond the Lab video and podcast series to see if we have recorded an episode with an alumnus who has pursued that career.

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12 Career Paths You Can Pursue With a Doctorate in Business Administration

If you are considering earning your DBA online to increase your career possibilities and salary potential, a good starting point is to do a deep dive into the jobs you can get with an advanced business administration degree. 

Online DBA degree programs can enhance the careers of many professionals by equipping them with marketable, high-level skills like data-driven decision making, business intelligence, and ethical leadership. 85% of surveyed professional doctorate graduates say that their degree facilitated a promotion or career change. Additionally, 97% of DBA graduates report receiving a full-time job offer within six months of graduation.

Post-graduate education in business administration can equip you for greater success in your field. Consider 12 of the jobs that a business administration program can prepare graduates to fill. 

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Business Consultant

Business consultants — also called management consultants or management analysts — work with corporations and organizations to achieve their specific goals. A consultant may be retained in order to work on a specific company project, such as a reorganization or expansion. Consultants will request and review data and information about the organization then make recommendations for best practices based on what they observe. 

The consultant’s job is often split into two parts that work together: reviewing past information and presenting future plans. Therefore, consultants need to be skilled both in data analysis and in effective communication, so that they can empower their clients to make informed, clear decisions. Graduates of doctorate in business administration degree programs will especially excel at these dual responsibilities.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that management analyst roles will grow by 14% between 2020–2030 , which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. They list a median annual salary of $87,660, however, that is based on bachelor and master’s level management analyst roles as well. The highest 10% of earners in these roles earned over $156,840 per year. 

C-Suite Executive

Professionals who hold a doctorate-level degree in business administration and have many years of relevant experience in their field are equipped to enter c-level roles such as chief executive officer, chief administrative officer, or chief operations officer. These professionals are typically responsible for oversight of many major aspects of a company, including employee teams, budgeting, and projects. 

Executive leadership roles such as c-suite positions are increasingly technical as the marketplace shifts toward higher prioritization of data and metrics. In fact, artificial intelligence, data science, and machine learning technologies are the top three technical skills that are in-demand for C-suite executives. Business administration degrees that emphasize business intelligence are a perfect fit.

The BLS projects 8% growth rate in top executive roles between 2020 and 2030. They list a median annual wage for chief executives of $185,950. 

Economists study data, trends, and economic issues in order to understand various aspects of resource production and distribution. They may conduct surveys, perform statistical analysis, and use various technological tools and software programs to evaluate economic trends. 

Professionals in the economics field will find that a doctorate of business administration enhances their capacity to make interpretations and forecast trends in the marketplace. Their degree program will also strengthen their leadership skills, further empowering them to share their forecasts and predictions with key stakeholders of businesses, organizations, government agencies, or even individuals in order to assist them in making economic decisions.

The BLS lists a median annual wage of $108,350 for economists . However, this estimate includes economists with master’s degrees. Economists with doctoral degrees may have a higher earning potential that is closer to the top 10% of economist’s salaries listed by the BLS, which is higher than $198,230.

Professors who hold a doctorate of business administration are likely to teach classes in a college or university’s business school, and to cover topics like business practices, management skills, or ethical leadership. The day-to-day work of a professor may include meeting with a student to discuss a paper or exam grade, making lesson plans, and conducting a survey that will inform an upcoming scholarly article. 

The BLS projects a 12% growth rate for postsecondary teachers between 2020 and 2030. The median annual wage for these professionals was $80,560 in May 2020. The top 10% earned more than $179,540.

Organizational Development Manager

Organizational development managers determine what types of training and development could help the organization and its employees reach their goals. An organizational development manager may work with both teams and individuals in order to make development plans. Professionals with experience as human resources generalists or training managers who graduate from a doctorate of business administration degree program will find themselves well-suited for roles in organizational development management.

Organizational development managers are responsible for selecting training opportunities that align with the company’s objectives, creating and managing staff development budgets, and evaluating training programs and those who lead them. 

The BLS projects that roles for training and development managers will grow 11% between 2020–2030 , which is faster than the average for all occupations. These professionals earned a median salary of $115,460 in May 2020, with the top 10% of earners receiving over $200,210.

Director of Human Resources

A director of human resources (HR director) may work in any number of business fields. The HR director develops and implements policies, plans and coordinates activities, and oversees various components of organizational staffing. This professional will be responsible for recruitment, hiring, and training of staff members, delivery of performance evaluations, and, when necessary, disciplinary issues including termination. 

HR directors, who typically have years of experience in human resources or a requisite role, often work closely with senior leaders to ensure that the company culture is aligned with the organization’s goals and objectives. They are also involved in various dynamics of company procedures such as compensation, benefits, leave, and occupational health and safety. 

The BLS does not project a growth rate or list an average salary for Directors of Human Resources. However, they project a growth rate of 9% between 2020–2030 for human resources managers, which may shed some light on the subject. According to Built In , the average base salary for an HR director is $140,493 with an average of 432,770 in additional cash compensation, totaling $173,713.

Government Program Manager

Across all branches of the military and dozens of government agencies, skilled leaders with experience and education in workforce planning and leadership are needed to manage people and programs. A program manager in the federal government, for example, may work for the Environmental Protection Agency to develop training programs and conduct strategic planning. A program manager who works for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission may advise commission leaders, oversee nation-wide programs, and direct policy development.

At the local level, program managers may work for a city or state. They might, for example, be responsible for designing and implementing programs that lead a city’s decarbonization efforts. A program manager in such a position may collaborate with other leaders to create a plan for increasing their area’s use of green energy.

At the federal level, many program manager jobs are ranked as GS-15 according to the General Schedule Pay Scale. That means a salary range of $110,460 - $143,598 per year. As far as the state and local level, Payscale lists the average government program manager salary as $91,657 .

Nonprofit Executive Director

Nonprofit executive directors are the primary leaders of charitable organizations. They are responsible for overseeing programs that align with the organization’s mission and industry best practices. Oftentimes, their roles entail fundraising, strategic planning, and advising the board of directors. Nonprofit directors may have worked in the field for decades, or they may be transitioning from a public or private role into the philanthropic sector. Skills like leadership, strategic planning, and financial management may transition well to a nonprofit executive director role when combined with a doctorate of business administration degree.

The ability to understand the needs of the population the organization serves both through data and relationships are invaluable for such a leader — and makes a doctorate in business administration a great asset. These leaders need to be able to put together and activate staff teams who can accomplish great things with limited resources.

Salaries for nonprofit executive directors tend to vary based on the size of the organization and its budgets. The BLS does not track nonprofit executive director salaries or job projections specifically, but they do state that the average mean salary for top executives in social advocacy organizations was $164,010 as of May 2020 .

Strategic Planner

Strategic planners work to innovate and implement projects, systems, and strategies that improve a company or organizations. They may create and present various plans, or stages of plans, that project years into the company’s future — and outline the steps to take along the way. Graduates of doctorate of business administration degree programs who also have experience in management and analysis are strong candidates for strategic planner roles.

Strategic planners need to have a varied skill set that includes the ability to analyze data, design plans and strategies that address weaknesses, and communicate concepts with key stakeholders.

While it is not an exact match, the management analyst projections and salary listed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics are useful for understanding the possible range for strategic planners. The BLS lists an average median salary of $87,660 for management analysts in May 2020 and a projected job growth rate of 14% from 2020–2030.

Market Research Analyst

Market research analysts monitor and forecast marketplace trends. They work in most fields of industry studying and projecting sales and marketing trends so that the companies they work for can make strategic, data-driven decisions about the products and services they offer. Marketing assistants and account representatives will be strong candidates for a market research analyst career path when they combine their professional experience with a doctorate of business administration degree.

These professionals explore everything from consumer demographics to product demand in order to provide research-based recommendations for marketing, advertising, and sales efforts. They employ statistics, visualizations like charts and graphs, and research methods such as polls, surveys, and focus groups to inform their recommendations. 

The BLS lists an average median salary of $65,810 for market research analysts with 10% of senior market research analyst professionals earning over $127,410. Market research analyst job positions are projected to grow by 22% from 2020–2030.

Project Manager

For graduates of a business administration degree program who enjoy empowering others to learn, grow, and work together effectively, the role of project manager is a great profession to consider. 

A project manager may work as a consultant or work at a company full time to oversee various company projects. Professionals in these positions are often responsible for setting project goals and milestones, collaborating with teams to ensure progress, and assessing projects at various stages. They oversee the timeline and budget, allocate resources, and update key stakeholders.

The BLS lists an annual median salary of $77,420 for project management specialists and business operations specialists, with the top 10% earning $135,220 or more. The BLS expects 9% job growth for management occupations between 2020–2030. 

Logistician

Logisticians analyze data, current events, and company performance to coordinate their company’s supply chain . They typically manage the full life cycle of a product, allocate needed materials, and work with suppliers and customers to create positive outcomes for all involved. The skills developed in a doctorate of business administration degree program can enhance and build upon the abilities of logisticians.

Logisticians may design strategies to improve efficiencies, perform troubleshooting tasks, and work to reduce costs for their company. While most logisticians work in manufacturing, they also find employment in the government, professional services, private corporations, and more. 

The BLS projects a 30% growth rate between 2020–2030 for logisticians , which is much faster than the rate for all occupations. They list a median annual wage of $76,270 for this position, with the highest percent earning more than $122,580. 

Accelerate Your Career with an online Doctorate of Business Administration from Marymount University 

The marketplace needs data-savvy leaders. Through the online Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) in Business Intelligence program at Marymount University Online you can prepare for high-level business management.

Our 100% online DBA program takes less than three years and focuses on applied research that directly correlates to the real-world. Prepare to lead with a DBA in Business Intelligence .

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Phd in english: requirements, salary, jobs, & career growth, what is phd in english.

A PhD in English is a postgraduate degree that focuses on the study of English language, literature, and culture. The PhD in English program is typically intended to prepare students for careers in research and teaching in the field of English studies.

A PhD in English program often includes advanced study in literary theory, critical analysis, research technique, and linguistics. Furthermore, students are frequently required to complete a substantial research project or dissertation under the supervision of a faculty advisor.

Some common areas of specialization within a PhD in English program include:

• American literature
• British literature
• Comparative literature
• Cultural studies
• Creative writing
• Linguistics
• Rhetoric and composition

How much money do people make with a PhD in English?

The pay of someone with a PhD in English can vary depending on criteria such as their area of specialization, region, and job type.

Academics, such as professors and researchers, can expect to earn between $70,000 and $120,000 per year, depending on their level of expertise, institution, and topic of study. However, compensation for adjunct or part-time faculty employment may be lower.

Working in sectors such as publishing, writing, or journalism may be further choices for someone with a PhD in English. Salaries in these sectors can range greatly, with some employment earning less than $50,000 per year and others receiving six figures.

What is expected job growth with PhD in English?

Individuals with a PhD in English may face varying job development prospects based on their area of concentration and the career route they pick.

However, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts that job growth for postsecondary teachers, including those in the subject of English, will be 9 percent from 2020 to 2030.

This expansion can be linked to rising demand for higher education, which includes courses in English and other liberal arts disciplines.

However, competition for tenure-track posts at colleges and universities can be fierce, and many PhD English graduates may find work in non-academic industries such as publishing, writing, or journalism.

What can you do with a PhD in English?

A PhD in English can lead to a wide range of professional prospects in academia and beyond. Here are a few examples of possible job paths:

1. College or university professor: One of the most typical job routes for those with a PhD in English is to become a college or university professor. Teaching English literature and language courses, conducting research, producing scholarly articles and books, and mentoring students are all part of the job.

2. Writing and editing: Individuals with a PhD in English may pursue employment in writing or editing. Positions in journalism, technical writing, grant writing, or working at publishing houses are examples of this.

3. Research and Analysis: Individuals with a PhD in English may engage in research and analysis professions such as market research or data analysis, as their strong research skills and ability to critically examine texts can be useful in a variety of sectors.

4. Arts and Culture: Some graduates may work in the arts and culture sector, such as museums, art galleries, or cultural organizations.

5. Government and Non-profit: Graduates with a PhD in English may also work in government or non-profit organizations in fields such as education, policy, or advocacy.

What are the requirements for a PhD in English?

The specific requirements for obtaining a PhD in English can vary depending on the institution and program, but generally, the following are common requirements:

1. Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree: Applicants to most PhD programs in English must have a Bachelor’s degree from a recognized university. Although it is not usually required, certain schools may accept applicants with a Master’s degree in a related discipline.

2. Academic Transcripts: Applicants are usually expected to present certified transcripts of their undergraduate and graduate education, which demonstrate their academic performance and achievement.

3. Statement of Purpose: Applicants are typically expected to provide a personal statement or statement of purpose detailing their research interests, academic ambitions, and reason for pursuing a PhD in English.

4. Standardized Test Scores: Applicants to many PhD programs may be required to submit scores from standardized tests such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or other related assessments.

5. Letters of Recommendation: Applicants to PhD programs in English are frequently required to provide letters of recommendation from academic or professional sources who may speak to the applicant’s academic talents, research potential, and eligibility for a PhD program.

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How long does it take to get a phd in english.

The length of time it takes to earn a PhD in English varies based on the school, the speed of the particular student, and other considerations. A PhD in English usually takes between 5-7 years to complete.

The first 2-3 years of a PhD program are often spent studying English literature, theory, and research methodologies. Students will often take comprehensive tests during this time to demonstrate their understanding in these topics.

After completing their coursework, students will typically spend the next 2-3 years working on their dissertation. Conducting original research, analyzing data, and writing a lengthy and detailed dissertation are all part of this process.

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Do you need a masters in english to get a phd in english.

A master’s degree in English is usually not required to apply for a PhD program in English. Many English PhD programs accept applicants with a bachelor’s degree in English or a related discipline, however others may demand extra coursework or research experience.

However, having a master’s degree in English may be advantageous for some individuals because it might demonstrate a higher level of knowledge and preparedness for the additional coursework and research necessary in a PhD program.

What are the Best PhD in English Degree programs?

1. harvard university 2. university of california, berkeley 3. university of chicago 4. stanford university 5. columbia university 6. yale university 7. princeton university 8. university of pennsylvania 9. university of michigan 10. university of california, los angeles (ucla), leave a comment cancel reply.

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What Jobs Can I Get With a Ph.D.?

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A Doctor of Philosophy degree, or Ph.D., is highly coveted. In most disciplines it’s the highest awarded degree and requires several years of study beyond a bachelor’s. Ultimately, a Ph.D. demonstrates competence to conduct original research and scholarship. In fact, many people obtain a Ph.D. to prepare for academic careers -- but you can also use this credential to get work in applied fields. No matter what discipline you’re trained in, it’s essential to use your Ph.D. to set yourself apart from other job candidates in the increasingly competitive marketplace of the early 21st century.

A common career for individuals with a doctorate is teaching in higher education as a lecturer, visiting/adjunct professor or tenure-track professor. During Ph.D. training it’s common to take part in teaching assistantships, which offer real world experience and help to strengthen your teaching portfolio. The settings that you work in can vary from community to liberal arts colleges and continuing education to degree-awarding programs. A teaching load ranges up to several classes per semester. Additional responsibilities include preparing courses, serving on faculty committees and advising students. Tenured positions have additional expectations while offering financial, job stability and other advantages.

Research jobs take place in academic and nonacademic settings. When you work as a researcher in a college or university it is not unusual to also teach. A person with a Ph.D. conducts many types of research. Quantitative research involves numerical data; qualitative research draws from non-numerical data. Mixed methods are also used. In the course of your work you will design research projects, develop research proposals (which are often grant funded) and write research publications that synthesize key findings. Data analytical and writing skills are equally essential.

Public Practice

With a Ph.D. you can be hired by federal, state and municipal agencies. Examples of job functions include research and evaluation, policy development and analysis, and program design and administration. Public salaries are determined by government scales. Workers generally find compensation to be reasonable, employment stable and benefits excellent. Ph.D.s also work for the public good in the nonprofit sector. While positions are similar, more flexibility exists with regard to pay and work tends to be mission-driven (for example, to improve life transitions for war veterans and their families or to use technology to advance health education for teens).

Private Practice

Individuals with doctoral degrees have additional employment options in the private sector. These jobs tend to offer the highest salaries but also have a lot of flux. Opportunities abound in research and development, marketing and communications, consulting, organizational management and a host of areas. The Ph.D. skill set promotes business intelligence. As a result, your training can be leveraged to identify and solve numerous productivity and efficiency challenges to add dollars to a company’s revenue line. It is important to be aware that, unlike jobs in academia or the public sector, your efforts will primarily be client-driven.

• University of California, Berkeley Career Center: PhDs - The Transition from Graduate Student to Assistant Professor
• IMDiversity: Career Insights: Employment Options in Business, Government and Not-for-Profit Organizations for Master’s and PhD candidates
• The Chronicle of Higher Education: Jobs
• The Versatile PhD

Kenya Lucas has been writing professionally since 1998. Her work has appeared in “Anthropology & Medicine,” “New Directions for Evaluation,” “Psychology of Women Quarterly” and “Journal of the Grant Professionals Association.” She holds undergraduate and graduate degrees from Johns Hopkins University and Brown University.

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What Are The Highest-Paying Jobs In The U.S.?

Updated: Apr 29, 2024, 1:29pm

Key Takeaways

• Out of the 20 highest-paying occupations according to the BLS, most are in the healthcare industry. ¹
• As of July 2023, the U.S. population stood at more than 334.9 million people. ²
• As of March 2024, 60.3% of the U.S. population aged 16 and older was employed. ³
• The average projected growth rate for all U.S. jobs from 2022–32 is 2.8%, adding approximately 4.7 million jobs total. ⁴
• Between 2019 and 2021, 49.8% of U.S. workers aged 25 years and older held an associate degree or higher. ⁵
• The median wealth of U.S. households increased during the Covid-19 pandemic, from $128,200 in 2019 to $166,900 in 2021. ⁶
• Among race and ethnicity groups in the U.S., Asian American households make the highest median annual income at $108,700, and Black households make the lowest at $52,860. ⁷

Looking for a rewarding, high-paying job? Healthcare jobs rank among the best-paying occupations in the U.S., but becoming a doctor isn’t your only option. In fact, you may not even need a graduate degree to secure one of the highest-paying jobs.

Though in general, incomes increase with degree level, qualifications for the highest-paying jobs in the U.S. vary from no degree requirement to a doctorate plus several years of experience.

U.S. income data shows that several factors influence salaries, including college major, industry, race and gender. Diving into the data reveals a complex relationship between education, income and employment. Keep reading to learn about the United States’ highest-paying jobs.

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Highest-Paying Occupations in the U.S.

What are the highest-paying jobs in America? Unsurprisingly, physicians, surgeons and psychiatrists rank near the top of the list. But chief executives, airline pilots and athletes also rank high.

Many of the highest-paying occupations in America are also among the fastest-growing jobs . For example, computer scientists, software developers, physician assistants and healthcare managers all report six-figure median salaries and projected job growth exceeding 20% from 2022–32, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Explore the highest-paying jobs based on BLS salary data in the table below. ¹ , ⁸

Qualifications for High-Earning Jobs

Want to know how to get a high-paying job? Earning a degree is a smart first step since high-earning jobs often require a college degree. And for many high-paying medical jobs , you’ll need a doctorate.

Explore the requirements and earning potential for different jobs with high average salaries below.

Physicians and Surgeons ⁹

• Physicians and surgeons typically need a bachelor’s degree and a medical degree.
• Three to nine years of an internship, a residency or a subspecialization
• One to three years of a fellowship
• In 2022, the median annual pay for physicians and surgeons was $229,300.
• Employment for physicians and surgeons is projected to grow by 3% from 2022–32.

The highest-paying medical jobs include pediatric surgeons, cardiologists, orthopedic surgeons and radiologists . These specialties report average annual salaries between $350,000 and $450,000.

However, medical doctors and surgeons often spend a decade or even longer on post-baccalaureate training and invest significant funds in their education. Median student debt among med students in the class of 2023 was $200,000, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges. 10

Athletes and Sports Competitors ¹¹

• Athletes and sports competitors do not need formal education credentials, but they should have deep knowledge of their sport and strong athletic skills.
• Athletes usually begin training when they’re young and progress through various levels of competition until they reach the professional level.
• Certain sports and states require licensure or other credentials; for example, racecar drivers should have a valid driver’s license and a credential from an approved automobile racing organization to compete.
• In 2022, the median pay for athletes and sports competitors was $94,270 per year.
• Employment for these professionals is projected to grow by 9% from 2022–32, significantly faster than average.

Breaking into the competitive field of sports is difficult but can pay off. Athletes and sports competitors earn a median pay of over $94,000 per year, making this one of the highest-paying jobs without a college degree requirement.

Athlete salaries vary widely, with the lowest-earning 10% athletes earning less than $28,000 per year, while the highest-paid 10% make more than $239,000. The athlete profession is volatile, and careers tend not to last long, adding to the challenges of working in this field.

Dentists ¹²

• Dentists must graduate from an accredited dental program and pass written and clinical exams.
• In 2022, the median pay for dentists was $159,530 per year.
• Employment for dentists is projected to grow by 4% from 2022–32.

Like physicians and surgeons, dentists earn high salaries, but they need a doctorate to practice. The highest-paid dental professionals include oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and prosthodontists.

While demand for dentists continues to grow, high educational requirements keep the profession relatively small, with around 155,000 dentists practicing in 2022.

Airline and Commercial Pilots ¹³

• Airline pilots may need a bachelor’s degree and prior commercial or military pilot experience.
• For on-the-job training, commercial pilots typically need flight training and to meet FAA requirements.
• In 2022, the median pay for airline and commercial pilots was $148,900 per year.
• Employment for airline and commercial pilots is projected to grow by 4% from 2022–32.

Airline pilots rank among the highest-paying jobs that require only a bachelor’s degree. Prospective pilots must also meet physical health requirements and complete flight training.

Even the lowest-paid pilots report six-figure salaries, with the highest-paid professionals earning a median pay of $239,000. The highest-paying industries include express delivery services and scheduled air transportation. ¹³

U.S. Employment Rates and Layoffs

With 2023 layoffs making headlines, it’s worth looking at the U.S. unemployment rate over the past two decades. The country’s current sub-4.0% unemployment rate is historically low. ³ Economic events such as the Great Recession and the Covid-19 pandemic have shaped U.S. employment rates and layoffs in the 21st century, putting many people on the hunt for a recession-proof job .

U.S. Employment Grew Steadily From the End of the 2008–09 Great Recession to the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic ¹⁴ , ¹⁵

• The U.S. unemployment rate in December 2007 rose from 5% to 10%.
• By late 2009, nearly 15 million people were unemployed.
• After the Great Recession led to a national spike in unemployment, the country’s labor force slowly recovered.
• By 2017, total employment numbers grew to 5% higher than in 2007.

0.4%: Average Annual Growth of U.S. Labor Force From 2010–20 ¹⁴ , ¹⁶

• By 2019, 88% of men and 76% of women between the ages of 25 and 54 were working or seeking work.
• The national unemployment rate surged to 13% in the second quarter of 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
• Unemployment lowered to 6.7% by the fourth quarter of 2020.

1.6 Million: Layoffs as of December 2023 ¹⁷ , ¹⁸

• The industries most affected by 2023 layoffs included professional and business services, leisure and hospitality, and construction.
• In April 2020, Covid-19 lockdowns led to the layoffs of 16 million Americans.
• While the pandemic continued to affect the workforce, the number of layoffs dropped to 1.6 million in December 2023.

3.8%: U.S. Unemployment Rate as of March 2024 ³ , ¹⁹

• North Dakota (2%)
• South Dakota (2.1%)
• Vermont (2.2%)
• Maryland (2.5%)
• Nebraska (2.5%)
• In contrast with the high unemployment rate in 2020, the U.S. unemployment rate dropped below 4.0% in 2024.
• As of 2024, the groups with the highest unemployment rate include teenagers and those with a high school diploma or less.

6.4 Million: Unemployed People in the U.S. as of March 2024 ³ , ¹⁹

• California (5.3%)
• The District of Columbia (5.2%)
• Nevada (5.1%)
• Washington (4.8%)
• New Jersey (4.8%)
• Most of America’s unemployed workers had been unemployed for less than five weeks, followed by those unemployed for 5 to 14 weeks.

Average Income by Demographic

In 2021, the average income in the U.S. exceeded $60,000 for the first time, according to data from the Social Security Administration .

That’s a significant increase over the $50,000 average wage in 2017 or the $40,000 average wage in 2007. Since 1985, only one year—2009, the depths of the Great Recession—has seen a drop in average wages.

$48,060: 2023 Median Individual Income in the U.S. 20 , 7

U.S. Census data reveals that the median household income exceeded $74,000 in 2022. As the number of people in the household increases, so does the median household income.

Earnings by Race and Gender

• In 2023, full-time wage and salary working women earned a median weekly income of $1,005, which was 83.6% of the $1,202 median earned by men. ²¹
• In 2022, Black women earned 70% as much as white men, and Hispanic women earned only 65% as much. ²²
• On average, white U.S. households have significantly more wealth than all but Asian households. ⁶

Race and gender influence income, with white and Asian Americans reporting higher median incomes than Black or Hispanic Americans. Women also reported lower earnings than men, with Black and Hispanic women experiencing the largest gender pay gap.

Women earn less in spite of the fact that they are more likely to hold college degrees than men, with 48% of employed women and 41% of employed men holding a bachelor’s degree or higher in 2022. ²²

Income, Employment and Educational Attainment

How does educational attainment––also known your degree level––impact income and employment? The research is clear: Earning a college degree usually equates to a higher household income, lower unemployment rate and higher lifetime earnings. And yet most U.S. workers do not hold a college degree.

While a higher level of education often pays off, the degree type matters. The highest-paying majors include business and STEM, while liberal arts, education and fine arts majors report lower wages. ²³

50.3%: Proportion of U.S. Workers Ages 25 and Older Without College Degrees ⁵

• More than half of U.S. workers do not hold a college degree, yet several of the highest-paying careers require one.
• College graduates make up 76.5% of chief executives, for example, and 67.5% of athletes and sports competitors.

$118,300: Median Annual Household Income Where Householder Holds a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher ⁷

• Some college: $68,690
• High school, no college: $51,470
• No high school diploma: $34,850

Household income and educational attainment share a strong correlation. Compared to households where a high school diploma represents the highest educational attainment, householders with a bachelor’s degree or higher report a median household income nearly twice as high. And only households with bachelor’s degrees report a six-figure median annual income.

$60,000: Median Annual Income for Recent College Graduates With Bachelor’s Degrees, Ages 22 to 27 ²³

For high school graduates of the same age, median earnings were $36,000 per year. This shows that even for early-career professionals, a bachelor’s degree tends to pay off.

Income and Unemployment Rate by Degree Attainment

Professionals with higher-level degrees tend to report higher median salaries and lower unemployment rates. In fact, a bachelor’s degree means nearly $600 more in weekly pay compared with a high school diploma. And when comparing people with a high school diploma and doctorate, those with a high school diploma report a four-times higher unemployment rate. ²⁴

Lifetime Earnings: Workers With Bachelor’s Degrees Earn 75% More Than Those With Only High School Diplomas ²⁵

Degree level affects lifetime earnings, with a significant boost for those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. As the lifetime earning figures below demonstrate, college is worth it .

• Professional degree: $4.7 million
• Doctorate: $4 million
• Master’s degree: $3.2 million
• Bachelor’s degree: $2.8 million
• Associate degree: $2 million
• Some college, no degree: $1.9 million
• High school diploma: $1.6 million
• No high school diploma: $1.2 million

College Majors With the Highest Median Midcareer Wages ²³

When it comes time to choose a major , you’re also shaping your earning potential. Based on mid-career wages, earning an engineering degree offers the highest income.

• Chemical engineering: $133,000
• Computer engineering : $125,000
• Aerospace engineering: $120,000
• Electrical engineering : $112,000
• Mechanical engineering : $111,000
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
• U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts
• BLS, April 5, 2024 Employment Situation Summary
• BLS, Sept. 6, 2023 Employment Projections News Release
• BLS, Educational Attainment for Workers 25 Years and Older by Detailed Occupation
• Pew Research Center, “Wealth Surged in the Pandemic, but Debt Endures for Poorer Black and Hispanic Families”
• U.S. Census Bureau, Income in the United States: 2022
• BLS, Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)
• BLS OOH, Physicians and Surgeons
• Association of American Medical Colleges, You Can Afford Medical School
• BLS OOH, Athletes and Sports Competitors
• BLS OOH, Dentists
• BLS OOH, Airline and Commercial Pilots
• BLS Monthly Labor Review (MLR), Projections Overview and Highlights, 2020–30
• BLS MLR, “Great Recession, Great Recovery? Trends From the Current Population Survey”
• BLS MLR, “Unemployment Rises in 2020, as the Country Battles the Covid-19 Pandemic”
• BLS, April 2, 2024 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary
• BLS, The Economics Daily (TED), “Temporary Layoffs Remain High Following Unprecedented Surge in Early 2020”
• BLS, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
• Social Security Administration, Average Wage Index
• BLS TED, “Women’s Earnings Were 83.6% of Men’s in 2023”
• Pew Research Center, “The Enduring Grip of the Gender Pay Gap”
• Federal Reserve Bank of New York, The Labor Market for Recent College Graduates
• BLS Employment Projections, Education Pays
• Georgetown University, the College Payoff

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Highest-Paying Jobs

What is the highest-paid job in the world.

Healthcare jobs rank among the highest-paid occupations in the world. In the U.S., pediatric surgeons reported the highest average salaries, earning over $449,320 in May 2023, according to the BLS.

What career has the highest salary?

Physicians and surgeons report the highest salaries in the U.S., with pediatric surgeons earning the highest mean wage at nearly $450,000 per year, the BLS reports. Cardiologists, orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and surgeons also rank among the highest-paid occupations in the country.

What is the highest-paying IT job?

Computer and information research scientists report the highest pay in tech, with a median salary of $145,080 in May 2023, per the BLS. The highest-paying tech jobs requiring only a bachelor’s degree include software developer, computer network architect and information security analyst.

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With five years of experience as a writer and editor in the higher education and career development space, Ilana has a passion for creating accessible, relevant content that demystifies the higher-ed landscape for traditional and nontraditional learners alike. Prior to joining Forbes Advisor's education team, Ilana wrote and edited for websites such as BestColleges.com and AffordableCollegesOnline.org.

The Ph.D. Debate: Should Scientist Roles Require Ph.D.s?

Tam and diploma

/ Taylor Tieden for BioSpace

A BioSpace LinkedIn poll showed that just 19% of respondents believe biopharma professionals need Ph.D.s for scientist roles.

It’s a familiar debate: Should scientist roles require Ph.D.s? While biopharma professionals have differing opinions on the subject, a recent BioSpace LinkedIn poll showed people leaning heavily in one direction. Of the 1,848 respondents, 71% said no. Just 19% voted yes, while 11% chose maybe.

Most poll comments leaned in the “no” direction. For example:

• “Considering that I’ve seen brilliant scientific contributors who *don’t* have a Ph.D and I’ve also seen some Ph.D holders who quite often didn’t run properly controlled experiments, I don’t think having a Ph.D means what a lot of people think it means,” shared Alex Birch, a scientist and MBA student.
• “You don’t need a PhD to pursue science,” wrote Tom de Man, head of omics and machine learning at MilliporeSigma. “While a PhD program teaches research skills, these can also be acquired independently or under the guidance of mentors and supervisors who aren’t necessarily academic professors.”

Some commenters highlighted the value of these degrees for scientist roles . For example:

• Matyas Flemr, who has experience working in biomedical research laboratories, noted that Ph.D.s “teach you first and foremost how to deal with and overcome failures and setbacks.”
• Nasir Uddin, Ph.D., a postdoctoral scholar and project lead at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, commented that these degrees teach resilience and a tenacity not to fail.

Ph.D.s are not a must for every scientist role, according to Molly Robb, managing director of LifeSci Search, an executive search firm that’s part of LifeSci Advisors. She told BioSpace that while they lend credibility to scientists diving deep into a particular area of science, for vice presidents and above, they’re just one of several competencies required for leadership and management jobs.

Robb also noted her firm does not see Ph.D.s being required for certain operational or technical support career tracks, such as manufacturing, supply chain, quality, regulatory affairs, clinical development and clinical operations.

“The Ph.D. is best suited for the hard, technical, deep, narrow jobs in industry that are R&D focused—linear track R&D focused—and heavier emphasis on the R, the research versus development, because once you get to development, you’re going to start competing with M.D.s, MBAs, and the Ph.D. becomes less relevant,” she said.

Ph.D.s in Early Career vs. Leadership Roles

When it comes to biopharma professionals just starting their careers, Robb said she’d argue that the reason people get hired into their first jobs is their ability to communicate that they understand the science, even if it’s not in one of the company’s focus areas. She noted that whether the Ph.D. influenced the decision might depend on employer size.

In terms of the entry level, I would say if you really want a safe, comfortable role inside the machine for Big Pharma, having a Ph.D. will do you justice. But in a smaller company, it’s who you know, it’s your ability to sell whatever type of science you’ve done in the past. They see potential to grow and don’t necessarily need that Ph.D. as a prerequisite.

At the senior level, Robb noted that while an organization might want someone to have a Ph.D., a track record of success is most important. If a strong candidate with a master’s can sell and package the story of the science to multiple audiences, has led teams and has had success, Robb said, “that person will win all day long over somebody else who has the Ph.D., but they didn’t interview well.”

Why Companies Shouldn’t Overvalue Ph.D.s

Artur Prejna, a clinical laboratory scientist in microbiology, has also seen that Ph.D.s are not a must for success.

“Though I feel they are a good measure of dedication to an academic field, I have personally known plenty of knowledgeable individuals without degrees or certifications doing amazing things in and for science,” he told BioSpace in a written message.

Vincent Aguilar, a research associate II at Plexium, agreed that non-Ph.D.s provide value to employers.

“The only thing that really matters is what do you bring to the table to solve a problem,” he told BioSpace in a written message. “What skills do you have? Having a PhD is likely a good hedge that a candidate will possess a lot of the necessary skills, but excluding non-PhDs sends the wrong message.”

Aguilar added that when employers require a Ph.D., it comes off as “a little bit elitist.”

“It disregards individual experiences and excludes potentially great employees and problem solvers,” he said. “It says we’re not offering mentorship or training. It relegates capable people to serve as a set of hands because they haven’t ‘proven’ that they have a brain. It says that although you may possess all of these skills, you are not one of us. It sends the message that you are not a part of a club.”

Aguilar further noted that companies should prioritize skills and experience alongside educational achievement. While it’s OK to prefer a Ph.D., all else being equal, he said, “I just think that non-PhDs should be given the opportunity to make their case too.”

Interested in more career insights? Subscribe to Career Insider to receive our quarterly life sciences job market reports, career advice and more.

Dear Annie: I helped you get the job, now where is my finder’s fee?

• Published: Aug. 02, 2024, 5:30 p.m.

Annie Lane, known as Dear Annie, responds to a question about friends and referral fees. Canva

DEAR ANNIE: I recently referred a friend to another friend for a freelance web design job for a huge company. She got the job and just finished, and although I never told her I’d appreciate a referral fee for having introduced her to the opportunity, it would have been nice. I learned of another opportunity for this friend, but I’d like her to acknowledge that I recommended her. How do I kindly ask this friend for referral fees, for both this new job and the last one? -- Middlewoman

DEAR MIDDLE: You don’t. As far as I’m concerned, friends help friends, and they don’t charge commission. However, if I hear compelling testimony otherwise, I’ll be sure to print it here.

NOTE: The above column was originally published in 2021.

Send your questions for Annie Lane to [email protected] .

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I Want to Quit My Job But I Can't Afford to—What Should I Do?

Coping and planning tips for when you just *can't* anymore

Verywell Mind / Getty Images

Understanding Your Feelings

Accessing your financial situation, exploring alternative options, building a safety net.

Mondays, am I right? If you're feeling pigeonholed at a job you hate, trust us—we've been there. In fact, after the “Great Resignation” and quiet quitting era, it's not surprising that most workers are fed up with their workplace, especially when the vast majority of stories on the subject are anti-employee.

A recent survey by Gallup found that more and more U.S. employees are becoming detached and less engaged with their employers. But it's not so easy for many to give their bosses two-week notices and disappear. A job means healthcare coverage, retirement, and security. Many Americans can't risk their livelihoods for a less-than-favorable workplace, considering most are living paycheck to paycheck.

But how do you leave if you don't have the money to throw your hands and storm out the building a la every office comedy ever? We'll break down what to do when you hate your job, plus offer exit tips and strategies to leave, safety net or not.

Let's start with the physical realities of being stuck at a job. A bad workplace leads to poorer mental and physical health, says  Jagdish Khubchandani, PhD, MPH, a professor of public health at New Mexico State University. His research has found that those under extreme workplace stress experience physical symptoms like stomach ulcers and brain disorders at higher rates.

“Poor mental health leads to job insecurity, and job and financial insecurity has a huge impact on your mental health," he says "A person who has to worry about food every day and doesn't know where their food comes from [the] next day, how can that person concentrate, go to school, do any productive work? And those who are in chronic job insecurity, even if they don't complain, it does manifest.”

Clinical psychologist Sarah Adler, PsyD remembers the toll her previous job had on her mental health. Before becoming a licensed mental health professional, Adler worked in the financial sector, clocking 80 to 100 hours a week. Though financial support from her partner was part of the reason she could leave, that didn't mean that the financial realities of her job didn't play into her decision. “I didn't feel like I could quit,” she says “The reason was not only financial because I lived in New York City and had to pay my rent. But it was also from a pride and social perspective. I had no idea if I could get a job doing anything else.”

The reason was not only financial because I lived in New York City and had to pay my rent. But it was also from a pride and social perspective. I had no idea if I could get a job doing anything else.

However, there are people whose professional role is to help people figure out if they should quit a job and how to do so. Sarah Weiler, CPCC , is a UK-based quitting coach who says that to identify why you're having such feelings, it can be helpful to reflect on whether your struggles at work are triggering a fight, flight, or freeze response . "Some people, when they're having a really difficult situation, will want to quit. Some people will want to stay and really fight it out. And some people will go into paralysis. And what I say to people is, all of those responses are valid and necessary sometimes. But I think it's really important to notice where the flight option is actually saving your life. If you have a toxic boss , if it's a really unsafe environment."

But I think it's really important to notice where the flight option is actually saving your life. If you have a toxic boss, if it's a really unsafe environment.

She says that it's also important for people to recognize when they can take space and time in order to come to a decision that is safer and more comfortable.

"I always say to people, decide not to decide. So, sometimes our brain wants to make a decision. And it's like, 'I want to quit so I've made a decision, I want to quit so I'm in control, I want to quit so that I know what I'm doing. Sometimes it is enough to tell our brain, I'm going to decide not to make a decision for a month, or at least for a week, or until I've slept or until I've had a meal."

She also says that, for someone who is prone to more of a freeze response, taking that space can mean setting a definitive date for when you can properly reflect on the situation and choose the next steps.

If you're ready to go but are concerned about the financial repercussions, it's worth spending the time to get those right. Oftentimes, employer-based supports like short-term disability offerings and employee assistance plans (EAPs) that can supplement your missing income and buy your time are hidden in plain sight.

Harsh Trivedi, MD, MBA, president and CEO of non-profit health provider Sheppard Pratt, suggests looking at the support systems in your workplace. Talk to coworkers. Set up a meeting with HR and go over the company benefits. You don't have to wait until times are tough to find how your company supports its employees physically, mentally, and financially.

“Within the workplace, I will say there's a greater expectation that your employer provides some level of mental health benefits . So I think, first of all, as you're thinking about jumping or moving to another organization, lots of times new employees will say, well, what's the maternity benefit? Not enough people are asking about…the mental health benefit.”

That said, even if the financial cost is high, if you're really ready to leave, go for it. Staying in a job, especially an unhealthy one, will cost you your physical and mental health, he says.

“We're noticing feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and an inability to change the [work] situation that they're in,” he says. “Sometimes, it doesn't matter what the financial stressor is if it's causing you to not want to live or getting you to a pretty dark place. No amount of money is worth your overall health and your livelihood.”

Things to Consider

Part of this process has to be about your level of financial privilege.

• Are you at risk of losing your home?
• Do you know the welfare supports available in your area?
• What kind of savings do you have?

Weiler says that an issue she sees quite often is one where people have a hang-up about using those savings when, in an ideal world, they'd be earmarked for something else. "If people do have savings, that might be the moment that they say, 'You know what, this is more important right now than the house I want to buy. I need to look after myself and I'm going to choose to put some of the money towards that...Don't be afraid to spend them looking after yourself and getting yourself out of a toxic work situation —just giving yourself that time to find the next place from a calm place."

Look at your options outside the workplace before you leave. Research gig-based jobs, side hustles, and even freelance work. Perhaps, there are other positions within your company that you'd prefer over your current role.

Whatever you do decide to do, Adler says it's important to work through as many options as you can, even when choosing how to make your exit. For the record, she doesn't recommend the one-day storm out path she took.

“I think it depends on a lot of factors. What is the job that you're in? How much do they need you? How much do you care that they need you? Are you burning a bridge? Do you need a reference? So really evaluating how harsh you want to be versus how much you need something from [them] and to balance those two sides of the scale… so you have a choice in terms of what actions you're going to take."

An alternate option that Weiler recommends is resisting the urge to strip back every responsibility you have in life outside of work and actually adding things in that are nourishing.

"if you're feeling very isolated in your job, and you're like, 'I work alone alone, I just want to quit my job because I feel so lonely. Maybe you're also looking outside of your job for a community. And maybe you're like, 'Okay, well away from my job, I'm going to make a bigger effort to join a choir or be part of a sports team.' And suddenly, you're not being so isolated outside of your job. And suddenly, the isolation in your job is maybe even actually welcome, because you've got that balance.

Should You Get a Part-Time Job?

Sometimes, you can't quit no matter how much you want to. Your finances just won't allow it, but maybe, you can build a safety net in the meantime. That's where a part-time job comes in.

Part-time work can build out an additional safety net. It also presents an opportunity for you to explore a field you can’t at your day job—writers are famous for taking person-facing retail jobs for some extra cash. Having a low-stakes part-time job means you can get some social interaction and creative inspiration while also meeting new people and exploring the world outside of your field.

The cons? Working one job takes a ton of energy, let alone two. This option may just simply be inaccessible to you for capacity reasons and, if that part-time job is in a similar sector to your main gig, you may be adding to burnout.

Should You Try Freelance Work?

More and more people are choosing to freelance or enter the gig economy with jobs like DoorDash or Uber. There are a ton of benefits to these gigs, like building a business or side hustle on your terms.

The cons? Gig economy providers aren’t known for their positive workplace environments and building your own business takes a ton of time, energy, and money. Something you may not have. In business terms, this is called a runway.

Building a safety net can take many forms, including not just your finances, but also your mental health. There are a fair number of resources available, including from governments, about how to approach your finances if you've lost or quit your job. This can range from figuring out the bare minimum that you can live on to accessing your emergency fund, to looking at your current standard of living and whether you may need to make adjustments in the short term to make quitting that much easier.

Mentally, however, it is very important to keep track of your health and identify who you can go to for support. Adler says that there are a number of indicators that may signal it's time to take a closer look at leaving your current work environment.

“I think it's when you really are unable to engage in your activities of daily living, if it is really interfering with your ability to eat, sleep, basic functioning, get dressed in the morning, get out of bed in the morning, take care of your hygiene, if it's impacting your relationships…If it's impacting those things in a way that feels distressing. I think it's a good signal that getting some help [could be beneficial].”

Developing An Exit Strategy

While it seems appealing to march right out and never come back, Adler cautions against it. Instead, she recommends asking yourself deep questions about the job and your future career, as you get closer to the stage where leaving feels like the only viable option.

She suggests the following questions: How much does your company need you? How much do you care that they need you? Are you burning a bridge? Do you need a reference?

If you're ruining a relationship between you and your employer—a relationship you'll need for references or connections in the future—by up and leaving, then think about the consequences of never having those connections in your back pocket. While you get to leave that negative job environment and feel satisfaction, a high-and-dry exit comes with a few drawbacks—including the absence of workplace benefits like healthcare and financial security.

If you can, maintain professionalism by giving your manager ample notice (two weeks is standard for most workplaces).

Some other exit strategies include:

• Update your professional materials like resume (CV), cover letter, and LinkedIn
• Change your LinkedIn status and quietly let recruiters know you're open to new opportunities
• Prepare for the exit interview with reasons why the workplace was a bad fit
• Adjust your spending and savings ratio accordingly to a non-working lifestyle
• Attend networking events and connect with relevant professionals in your field

Bottom Line

Remember, if you both hate your job and your bank balance, know that you are not alone. Experts say that it's important to communicate with those in your work and personal life to identify when your mental health might be slipping and to identify the supports available to you. This can help maintain some level of mental stability while you search for your next opportunity.

And don't lose sight of other opportunities and career paths for you, ones that aren't checked with mental anguish, says Trivedi.

“The most important part of the conversation is to never lose hope,” he says. “Your health and well-being are worth more than any job or any paycheck. Get help before it's too late.”

If you or a loved one are struggling with job stress or burnout, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.

For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database .

Gallup.  U. S. Engagement hits 11-year low .

MetLife. MetLife’s 21st Annual U.S. Employee Benefit Trends Study 2023: The Advantages of Employee Care .

Jordan, T. R., Khubchandani, J., & Wiblishauser, M. (2016). The impact of perceived stress and coping adequacy on the health of nurses: A pilot investigation .  Nursing Research and Practice ,  2016 , 5843256. doi:10.1155/2016/5843256

By John Loeppky John Loeppky is a freelance journalist based in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, who has written about disability and health for outlets of all kinds.

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So, Human Resources Is Making You Miserable?

Get in line behind the H.R. managers themselves, who say that since the pandemic, the job has become an exasperating ordeal. “People hate us,” one said.

By David Segal

Show of hands: Who’s fed up with human resources?

Maybe you’re irked by the endless flow of memos and forms, many of which need to be filled out, pronto. Maybe you’re irritated by new initiatives that regularly emerge from H.R., which never seems to run out of new initiatives, not all of them necessary or especially wise, in your opinion. Or you’ve got some problem with management and you don’t trust that H.R. representatives will actually help. They sure are friendly, but they get paid by the suits. In a crunch, it’s pretty clear whose side they are on.

The H.R. department bugs a lot of employees and managers, and it seems to have more detractors than ever since the pandemic began. That’s when H.R. began to administer rules about remote work and pay transparency, programs to improve diversity, equity and inclusion and everything else that has rattled and changed the workplace in the last four years.

But if the H.R. department is bothering you, here’s a fact you might find perversely consoling: You are not as aggravated or bummed out as the people who work in H.R.

That was obvious at Unleash, an annual three-day conference and expo held this year at Caesars Forum, an immense convention hall near the Las Vegas Strip. In May, the event brought together some 4,000 H.R. professionals from across the country. It was billed as a place where “global H.R. leaders come to do business and discover inspirational stories.”

It was more like a place where the H.R. department came to complain.

“Everything feels like a fool’s errand,” said Kyle Lagunas, a former H.R. executive at General Motors who now works at Aptitude Research, an H.R. advisory company based in Boston. He had just finished a highly animated presentation about H.R. tech in front of an audience of about 50 people. Now he sat in the designated media room and ranted a bit about the maddening challenges of running H.R. during and after the tumult of the pandemic.

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Breaking news, i went to a magic show at keys and heels. here’s why my mind was blown.

Tuesdays are usually my least favorite weekday, especially when New York City is alternating between extreme humidity and rainstorms. The weekend just feels like it’s a million years away. However, this week, Tuesday was by far the highlight after I attended my first-ever Magic, Unlocked show at Keys & Heels.

For the uninitiated, the show takes place in a discreet speakeasy that houses a swanky bar. After years of walking up and down down Second Avenue on the Upper East Side, I had no idea this wasn’t a locksmith’s shop. Truth be told, the facade is so believable, I considered going there to make a copy of my apartment key.

And, before we get to the magic show, I want it on the record that I’d go back to Keys & Heels just to sit under a disco ball, enjoy the chic, moody lighting and retro decor while drinking cocktails with fun names like ‘High Heeled Ambition’ (a spin on a bee’s knees) or ‘Late Night Lover’ (an espresso martini). They’re wonderful. Better yet, should you buy a ticket for Magic, Unlocked, you’re entitled to a cocktail, wine, or beer of choice since one drink is included with your purchase.

But wait! There’s more!

Magic, Unlocked ticket holders are also eligible for a free drink with the purchase of any pizza, pasta or entree at Uva Next Door , ironically located two doors down from Keys & Heels.

Now, let’s get to the show.

After checking in, my group was escorted to plush velvet couches facing each other. While the show was sold out, the room wasn’t cramped like at a comedy shows or musical. It’s the perfect, comfortable activity for a group of friends, or a date night, which can’t be said of most live shows in the City.

Hosted monthly by magician and mentalist Mark Clearview , Magic, Unlocked features a rotating cast of New York City’s best magicians, mind readers and mentalists, which means every show features entirely new tricks. At our show, three magicians rotated through the room doing table side tricks, which was great for small group participation and seeing the magic up close.

The magicians don’t reveal their secrets, but they still blew my mind. This is not a kid’s magic show with rabbits coming out of a hat, or rubber pencil tricks. No, at Magic, Unlocked, full decks of cards danced in front of my eyes, knots disappeared and signed dollar bills appeared in sealed cereal boxes.

Our night ended with the host personally saying goodbye to every audience member by name: the perfect evening’s perfect cherry on top.

Final verdict:

If you aren’t the best at locking in organized weeknight plans, make sure to snag tickets to Magic, Unlocked way ahead of time. The show takes place on one Tuesday a month, and the $65 tickets for their 90-minute 7 p.m. and 9:30 p.m. shows typically sell out within minutes. To make sure you’re on top of things, I recommend following Keys and Heels on Instagram , and signing up for their email notifications to get updates on when the next round of tickets drop.

Trust us, you don’t want to miss this. Before you know it, like me, you’ll start looking forward to Tuesdays.

Other can’t-miss shows in New York

Need more live entertainment in your life?

Here are just five NYC-based shows that might leave you saying “ooh” and “ahh” in the Big Apple.

• “Harry Potter and the Cursed Child”

• Blue Man Group

•  Stalker

• “Back To The Future”

•  New York Comic Con

Love live music, too? Take a look at our list of the 50 biggest concert tours in 2024 to find the show for you.