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Finite Verbs

What are finite verbs.

• John cooks carrots.
• John was cooking carrots.

Table of Contents

Easy Examples of Finite Verbs

Finite verbs versus non-finite verbs, how to find the finite verb, more examples of finite verbs, modal auxiliary verbs as finite verbs, video lesson, why finite verbs are important.

• Rachel is happy.
• He painted the fence.
• She was varnishing the painted fence.

(1) Gerunds

• John loves dancing .

(2) Infinitives

• John hates to sing .

(3) Participles

• John fixed the broken fence.
• John was fixing it.
• Is the word functioning as a noun and does it end "-ing"? If yes, it's a gerund .
• Is it preceded by "to"? If yes, it's probably an infinitive .
• Is it being used as an adjective? If yes, it's probably a participle .
• Does it follow an obvious finite verb (e.g., "am," "is," "was," "has," "have") to create a tense? If yes, it's a participle .
• Johnny likes cleaning and was trying to tidy the fallen leaves.
• "Likes" has a subject ("Johnny") and shows tense (the present tense ), so it's a finite verb.
• "Cleaning" does not have a subject or show tense. It ends "-ing," and it's functioning as a noun. It's a gerund, i.e., a non-finite verb.
• "Was" has a subject ("Johnny") and shows tense (the past tense ), so it's also a finite verb.
• "Trying" follows "was." It is helping to form the past progressive tense , but it does not have its own subject or show tense as a standalone word. It's a participle, i.e., a non-finite verb.
• "To tidy" does not have a subject or show tense. It has "to" before. It's an infinitive, i.e., a non-finite verb.
• "Fallen" does not have a subject or show tense. It's functioning as an adjective. It's a participle, i.e., a non-finite verb.
• You promised to save me a baked potato.
• I am thinking about visiting the amusement park.
• Everyone wanted to go to the amusement park, but we only had four tickets.
• The spirits were rising from their graves to feast upon the living souls.
• You will pay for that.
• Alfie should have said no.
• I can think whatever I like .

Are you a visual learner? Do you prefer video to text? Here is a list of all our grammar videos .

Get Really Good at "To Be" and "To Have"

• Firstly, "to be" and "to have" are unquestionably the two most useful verbs in any language.
• Secondly, cracking "to be" and "to have" will help you to use the non-simple tenses.

This page was written by Craig Shrives .

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Finite and Non-Finite Verbs | Definition, Useful Rules & Examples

If you’re learning English, you’ve probably come across the terms “finite” and “non-finite verbs.” These terms refer to the type of verb used in a sentence, and understanding the difference between the two is essential for clear communication. In this article, we’ll explore what finite and non-finite verbs are and how they are used in English grammar.

Knowing the difference between finite and non-finite verbs is important for understanding the structure of sentences in English. By identifying the type of verb used in a sentence, you can determine the tense and meaning of the sentence more accurately. In the following sections, we’ll explore finite and non-finite verbs in more detail and provide examples to help you better understand their usage.

Distinguishing Finite and Non-Finite Verbs

When it comes to understanding verbs, one of the most important distinctions to make is between finite and non-finite verbs. Simply put, finite verbs are those that have a definite relation with the subject or noun, while non-finite verbs do not change their form when the number or person of the subject changes. Here’s a closer look at the differences between these two types of verbs:

Finite Verbs

Finite verbs are used to indicate grammatical tense, person, and number. They are usually the main verb of a clause or sentence and can be changed according to the noun. Some examples of finite verbs include:

• She walks home.
• They are playing soccer.
• He will be attending the conference.

Finite verbs can be indicative of passive or active voice and also of number (singular or plural). They describe the action of a person, place, or thing in the sentence. Unlike other types of verbs, finite verbs do not require another verb in the sentence in order to be grammatically correct.

Non-Finite Verbs

Non-finite verbs, on the other hand, do not change their form when there is a change in the number or person of the subject. There are mainly three types of non-finite verbs: infinitives, gerunds, and participles. Some examples of non-finite verbs include:

Infinitives are the base form of a verb that is usually preceded by the word “to”. Gerunds are verbs that end in “-ing” and function as a noun in the sentence. Participles are verbs that end in “-ed” or “-ing” and function as an adjective in the sentence.

Finite Verb

• Verbs that have a definite relation with the subject or noun.
• These verbs are usually the main verb of a clause or sentence and can be changed according to the noun.
• They are used only in present and past tense.
• They can be indicative of passive or active voice and also of number (singular or plural).

She walks home. – Here we see that the finite verb is “ walks” and the pronoun is ‘she’.

She walked home. – Here we can see how the verb changed/modified to change the tense of the sentence.

• You  promised  me the last ticket.
• I  am  excited about going to the amusement park.
• I  went for a walk around the park.
• She was waiting  in the room before he  came in.
• Does  your brother  know my brother?
• We   want   John to act as club secretary.
• I   like   taking photographs of insects.
• Coming home last night,   I saw   a deer run across the road.

Non-finite verbs are a type of verb that do not show tense, mood, or gender. They cannot be the main verb of a sentence and do not indicate the action being performed by the subject or noun. Instead, non-finite verbs are used as nouns, adverbs, or adjectives.

Infinitives

Infinitives are non-finite verbs that are formed by adding “to” before the base form of the verb. They can be used as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Infinitives can also be used after certain verbs, such as “want,” “need,” and “like,” to express purpose.

• To swim is my favorite activity.
• I want to learn how to play the guitar.
• She needs to finish her homework before going out.

Gerunds are non-finite verbs that end in “-ing” and function as nouns in a sentence. They can be used as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Gerunds can also be used after certain verbs, such as “enjoy,” “avoid,” and “admit,” to express an action.

• Swimming is my favorite activity.
• I enjoy reading books.
• He admitted stealing the money.

Participles

Participles are non-finite verbs that can function as adjectives in a sentence. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in “-ing” and past participles end in “-ed,” “-d,” or “-t.”

• The running water is so refreshing.
• The broken vase needs to be replaced.
• The excited children ran to the playground.

Common Errors and Misconceptions

When it comes to finite and non-finite verbs, there are a few common errors and misconceptions that people often have. Here are a few things you should keep in mind:

Mistaking Non-Finite Verbs for Finite Verbs

One of the most common mistakes people make is mistaking non-finite verbs for finite verbs. Remember, non-finite verbs do not show tense, person, or number and cannot be the main verb of a sentence. They are often used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. So, if you see a verb that doesn’t seem to fit with the tense of the sentence or doesn’t have a subject, it’s probably a non-finite verb.

Confusing Gerunds and Present Participles

Gerunds and present participles can look very similar, but they have different functions. A gerund is a verb form that ends in “-ing” and functions as a noun. A present participle is a verb form that also ends in “-ing” but functions as an adjective or adverb. For example:

• Gerund: Swimming is good exercise.
• Present participle: The swimming pool is closed for repairs.

Using Non-Finite Verbs Incorrectly

Non-finite verbs are often used incorrectly, especially when it comes to split infinitives and dangling participles. A split infinitive occurs when an adverb is placed between “to” and the verb in an infinitive phrase. For example: “To boldly go where no man has gone before.” A dangling participle occurs when a participle phrase is used without a clear subject. For example: “Walking to the store, the rain began to fall.” To avoid these errors, make sure your non-finite verbs are used correctly and have a clear subject.

Overusing Passive Voice

Passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence is acted upon rather than doing the action. While it is sometimes necessary, overusing passive voice can make your writing sound weak and unclear. Try to use active voice whenever possible to make your writing more concise and direct. For example:

• Passive voice: The cake was eaten by the dog.
• Active voice: The dog ate the cake.

By keeping these common errors and misconceptions in mind, you can improve your understanding and usage of finite and non-finite verbs.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are 20 examples of finite verbs?

There are many examples of finite verbs, but here are 20:

• I am walking.
• They were singing.
• She will dance.
• He has eaten.
• We can swim.
• You should study.
• It may rain.
• They have arrived.
• She is sleeping.
• He will run.
• We were laughing.
• You must listen.
• It could happen.
• They had finished.
• She was cooking.
• He can speak.
• We should go.
• You are reading.
• It will snow.
• They might come.

How does Grammarly explain finite and non-finite verbs?

Grammarly defines finite verbs as verbs that show tense and can stand alone as the main verb in a sentence. Non-finite verbs, on the other hand, do not show tense and cannot stand alone as the main verb in a sentence. Instead, they are used as modifiers or nouns.

What are the differences between finite and non-finite verbs?

The main difference between finite and non-finite verbs is that finite verbs show tense and can stand alone as the main verb in a sentence, while non-finite verbs do not show tense and cannot stand alone as the main verb in a sentence. Non-finite verbs are used as modifiers or nouns.

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• Singular Nouns
• Plural Nouns
• Possessive Nouns

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Finite and non-finite verbs

Finite verb forms show tense, person and number ( I go, she goes, we went , etc.):

She was waiting in the room before he came in.

Does your brother know my brother?

The night before he had to leave, they sat on the small sofa in the living-room and looked at old family photos.

Aren’t you a bit late?

Non-finite verb forms do not show tense, person or number. Typically they are infinitive forms with and without to (e.g. to go, go ), - ing forms and - ed forms (e.g. going, gone ):

She tiptoed round the house so as not to wake anyone.

You need to paint the whole cupboard, starting from the bottom.

[from a biography]

Taken prisoner by the British in December 1776, he was held in New York City for a year …

Clauses: finite and non-finite

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have your hands full

to be so busy that you do not have time to do anything else

Binding, nailing, and gluing: talking about fastening things together

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What are finite and non-finite verbs in English? - Easy Learning Grammar

• A verb is finite if it is found in a clause in combination with a subject and a tense.
• It is non-finite if it is used:
• without the verb having a tense.
• with no agreement between the subject (if there is one) and the verb.
• A non-finite verb is sometimes used immediately after a finite verb.
• When the second verb is an  -ing  form coming after a noun or pronoun, there can be a difference in grammar between two similar sentences. Both sentences below are acceptable, although the first example might seem ambiguous to some people. In the second sentence, the  -ing  form is used as a verbal noun. 

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Unveiling the Mystery of Finite Verbs in English Grammar

Marcus Froland

March 28, 2024

Think about the sentences you hear every day. The chances are, most of them have one thing in common: verbs . But not just any verbs. We’re talking about a special kind, the kind that carries the weight of action and time on its shoulders. These are not the unsung heroes of our sentences; they are right there in the spotlight, making sure we know who’s doing what and when.

So, here we stand at the edge of diving deeper into this essential part of speech. But before we leap, let’s pause for a moment. What if I told you there’s more to these verbs than meets the eye? Yes, I’m hinting at something quite pivotal to understanding how English works. It’s all about those finite verbs , and trust me, figuring them out is like holding a key to unlock clearer and more effective communication. Ready to find out how they do it?

Finite verbs are the parts of a sentence that show action or state of being and agree with the subject in number and tense. These verbs can tell you when something happens because they change form based on different times (past, present, future). For instance, in the sentences “She talks” and “She talked,” “talks” and “talked” are finite verbs showing present and past actions. They also match the subject ‘she’ in number, meaning both are singular. Unlike non-finite verbs (like infinitives, gerunds, or participles), finite verbs are crucial for forming complete sentences because they’re directly tied to the subject and tell us more about its actions or state.

Defining Finite Verbs Within English Sentences

Finite verbs are the cornerstone of English sentences , serving as the central element around which other sentence components revolve. In this section, we will discuss how finite verbs relate to subjects and tenses, compare finite and nonfinite verbs, and explore their significance as the backbone of clauses.

How Finite Verbs Relate to Subjects and Tenses

Finite verbs align with the subject in both number and person, creating subject-verb agreement . This crucial aspect of English syntax ensures that the sentences we construct are grammatically sound, making communication clear and concise.

Beyond maintaining agreement with their subjects, finite verbs also delineate specific tenses, such as present, past, and future. By indicating the time frame of the action, they help to convey the sense of when the action has taken place, is taking place, or will take place, relative to the subject performing it.

The Distinction Between Finite and Nonfinite Verbs

Understanding the distinction between finite and nonfinite verbs is essential for accurate grammatical analysis. Finite verbs manifest as independent clause roots , expressing complete thoughts and maintaining subject agreement and tense. In contrast, nonfinite verbs—such as infinitives, participles, and gerunds—lack these qualities and do not convey a complete thought. They require the support of another verb to function within a sentence.

Example: “She reads books” (finite) vs. “Reading books is fun” (nonfinite)

Recognizing Finite Verbs: The Backbone of Clauses

Identifying finite verbs within clauses is essential for mastering English syntax . These verbs often take endings like -ed or -s in their different forms and are commonly accompanied by auxiliary verbs to form compound tenses. They generally follow their subjects and play a pivotal role in constructing interrogative sentences.

To help you better identify finite verbs, consider the following tips:

• Look for verb forms showing subject agreement and tense
• Examine the verb’s conjugation and ending
• Check if auxiliary verbs are present

By keeping these points in mind, you’ll be well-equipped to recognize and analyze finite verbs within any sentence, enhancing your understanding of English grammar and sentence structure overall.

Types of Finite Verbs and How They Function

Finite verbs play a significant role as main verbs within English sentences , expressing primary actions and permitting clauses to stand independently. These verbs appear in various forms and are employed with numerous subjects to signify specific actions and time frames in narratives and communications. In this section, we will explore the different types of finite verbs and how they function in everyday language.

“Finite verbs are like the backbone of sentences; they bring meaning and clarity to our communication.”

Let’s delve into the different types of finite verbs and their functions:

• She reads a book.
• They eat pizza on Fridays.
• Jane worked last weekend.
• Michael bought a new car.
• She is watching a movie.
• They are playing soccer.
• Mary was cooking when the phone rang.
• We were studying all night for the exam.
• They have traveled to Europe.
• She had eaten breakfast before leaving for work.

Now that we are more familiar with the various finite verb types , let’s look at a table summarizing their different functions and conjugation patterns:

Understanding the finite verb types and their functions is crucial for mastering English sentence structure and composing clear, accurate messages. By knowing when and how to use the various forms, you can enhance your communication skills and convey your thoughts more effectively.

Conjugating Finite Verbs to Match Subjects

For your English sentences to be grammatically accurate, it is essential to properly conjugate finite verbs in accordance with their subjects. In this section, we’ll explore the importance of subject-verb concord , verb conjugation patterns , and English grammar rules that should be followed to achieve clarity in communication.

The Role of Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject- verb agreement , or subject-verb concord , is the principle that establishes that a finite verb must align with its subject in both number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, third). By adhering to this rule, you maintain the grammatical consistency of your sentences and ensure clear communication.

For example , consider these two sentences:

• She reads the book every day.
• They read the book every day.

The finite verb reads agrees with the singular subject “She,” while the finite verb read agrees with the plural subject “They.”

Conjugation Patterns for Different Subjects

Finite verbs typically follow specific conjugation patterns when paired with different subjects. For instance, singular subjects frequently necessitate verbs ending in “-s,” while different tenses may call for appropriate verb modifications or auxiliary verbs to indicate perfect and continuous aspects.

By understanding and applying these conjugation patterns, you can enhance the grammatical accuracy of your English sentences.

The Importance of Tense in Finite Verb Usage

Understanding and employing the correct tense in finite verb usage is crucial in conveying an accurate representation of actions and states. Verb tenses reveal when an action occurs, providing essential context for interpretation. This section will explore two prominent tenses – the present tense and past tense – along with the perfect aspect within finite verbs.

Present Tense Indications in Finite Verbs

The use of present tense verbs marks actions that are currently occurring or habitual practices, signifying the timeliness of activities and states within the context of narration or conversation. The current actions unfolding, recurring events, and even general facts rely on present tense finite verbs to express the ongoing and vital nature of such occurrences. Consider these examples:

• She reads her favorite blog every morning.
• He works as a marketing specialist.
• They enjoy outdoor activities.

In each of these sentences, present tense verbs establish action and states of being as they exist in real-time or on a routine basis.

Past Tense and Perfect Aspect in Finite Forms

On the other hand, past tense finite verbs and those in perfect aspect provide a retrospective view of actions or states. They reference completed activities or those that occurred at a specific point in time, making them essential in constructing narrative past events or conditions. Here are some examples of past tense and perfect aspect verb tense usage :

In summary, utilizing the appropriate verb tense is essential in finite verb usage for accurate and coherent communication. The present tense marks current actions , while the past tense and perfect aspect relay past experiences and accomplishments effectively. Being mindful of tense usage will enhance your writing and ensure proper understanding by your readers.

Finite Verb Examples in Famous Movie Lines

Finite verbs are instrumental in providing clarity and emphasizing essential actions in movie dialogues. Thanks to their precise subject-verb agreements and tense markings, these verbs instill grammatical soundness to famous lines from various films. Let’s delve into some of the most iconic movie quotes that shine a light on the use of finite verbs.

• “ Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re going to get.” – Forrest Gump
• “Keep your friends close, but your enemies closer .” – The Godfather Part II
• “There’s no place like home .” – The Wizard of Oz
• “You can’t handle the truth!” – A Few Good Men
• “I feel the need…the need for speed.” – Top Gun

The finite verbs in these famous lines enhance the clarity of the dialogues and contribute to the coherence of the overall message. For instance, the use of the verb “is” in the first quote highlights the metaphorical expression conveyed by the character Forrest Gump.

“To be or not to be , that is the question.” – Hamlet (William Shakespeare)

The Hamlet quote above demonstrates the fundamental role finite verbs play in some of the most memorable and widely quoted lines in literary and theatrical history – Shakespeare’s works. The verb “be” is used twice in its finite and infinitive forms, creating a famous line that encompasses one of life’s most profound questions.

The following table showcases some iconic movie quotes that effectively incorporate finite verbs, illustrating their grammatical construction:

Movies often showcase the integral role of finite verbs in creating compelling and grammatically sound speech. As illustrated by these famous lines, the inclusion of well-constructed finite verbs helps ensure messages resonate with audiences, making for highly memorable scenes and unforgettable dialogues.

Identifying Finite Verbs: A Practical Guide

Spotting finite verbs can be challenging for many English learners. However, understanding sentence structure becomes more manageable once you get a grip on how to differentiate main verbs and auxiliary verbs within a sentence. In this section, we’ll provide some practical grammar tips to help you identify finite verbs and distinguish them from their auxiliary counterparts.

Simple Tricks to Spot Finite Verbs in Sentences

To recognize finite verbs in a sentence, look for verbs that agree with the subject in terms of person and number and indicate a tense. Here are some additional tips:

• Examine the verb endings: Finite verbs often have endings such as “-s” or “-ed” that reflect their tense and agreement with the subject.
• Look for auxiliary verbs: If there is an auxiliary verb accompanying a main verb, the main verb is likely to be finite.
• Reduce sentences to their simplest forms: By breaking down complex sentences into simpler components, you can more easily identify the finite verb.

Differentiating Between Main Verbs and Auxiliaries

Understanding the difference between main verbs and auxiliary verbs is crucial for grasping sentence structure. While main verbs carry the core meaning of the sentence, auxiliaries provide grammatical functions such as tense, mood, and aspect. Main verbs can take finite forms; however, auxiliary verbs do not stand alone and require a main verb for support.

To get a better handle on verb differentiation , practice identifying main verbs and auxiliary verbs in various sentences. By doing so, you’ll develop a more profound understanding of grammatical relationships and enhance your ability to spot finite verbs.

Exploring Auxiliary Finite Verbs in English

Among the various elements of English grammar , auxiliary finite verbs play a significant role in crafting accurate sentences and providing crucial context regarding the action or state being described. Unlike traditional finite verbs, a unique aspect of auxiliary verbs is that they don’t change form for tense or subject- verb agreement . Nonetheless, they are considered finite because they appear first in verb chains and precede bare infinitives.

In this section, we will explore the features of auxiliary finite verbs , their classifications, and examples to help you recognize and apply them correctly in your English writing and communication.

Modal Auxiliary Verbs

One category of auxiliary finite verbs is called modal auxiliary verbs . These verbs are utilitarian, helping to convey the mode or mood of the main verb in a sentence. Common modal auxiliary verbs include “can,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “must,” “shall,” “should,” “may,” and “might.” Despite their auxiliary status, modal verbs are considered finite because they perform the finite function in a sentence.

Examples of Auxiliary Finite Verbs

The following examples demonstrate the correct usage of auxiliary finite verbs in English sentences:

• He can speak French fluently.
• She must finish her project before the deadline.
• They will arrive tomorrow at noon.
• I may attend the seminar if my schedule permits.
• We should always recycle to protect the environment.

As demonstrated in these examples, modal auxiliary verbs enhance the depth and context of sentences by clarifying the mode or mood of the main verb. They work synergistically with other English verb forms to create comprehensive and grammatically sound structures in your writing.

Common Mistakes and Misconceptions About Finite Verbs

Learning English grammar can be challenging, especially when it comes to understanding finite verbs and their differences from other verb forms . In this section, we’ll address frequent confusions involving finite verbs, gerunds, and infinitives, as well as difficulties with irregular verb conjugations.

Finite Verb Confusion with Gerunds and Infinitives

Misunderstandings often occur when trying to distinguish finite verbs from gerunds and infinitives. It’s essential to remember that gerunds, which end in “-ing,” serve as nouns, while infinitives, introduced with “to,” function as base forms of verbs or complements to other verbs. Unlike gerunds and infinitives, finite verbs demonstrate subject- verb agreement and tense marking , making them the backbone of independent clauses in sentences.

Overcoming Challenges with Irregular Verb Forms

Another common issue in mastering finite verb usage is grappling with irregular verb forms . These verbs don’t follow the standard “-ed” or “-s” endings like regular verbs, making their conjugations unique. To ensure grammatical accuracy when constructing sentences in all tenses, it’s necessary to memorize the various forms of irregular verbs. With practice and diligence, you’ll become more adept at identifying and using finite verbs, enhancing your overall English language proficiency.

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Finite Verb and Non-finite Verb

In the English language, verbs are one of the most critical aspects of speech. They define actions, states, and occurrences. Depending upon the role they play in a sentence, they can be divided into two types: Finite and Non-finite verbs. To gain a complete understanding of this fundamental topic, this tutorial will walk you through what Finite and Non-finite verbs are, distinguishing characteristics, types of Non-Finite verbs and more.

Table of Contents

What are Finite Verbs?

A finite verb is a type of verb that carries substantial grammatical information. It shows tense, mood, voice, person, gender, and number, indicating when an action, occurrence, or state of being is happening. Therefore, a finite verb changes forms in different tenses, persons, and numbers.

Let's take for example the verb 'run'. When we use it in different tenses, persons, and numbers, it changes form 'run' could become 'ran', 'runs' or 'running'.

Examples of Finite Verbs:

• The dog is chasing its own tail.
• Bob has completed his homework already.

In the above examples, 'is chasing' and 'has completed' are finite verbs as they are showing the tense (present continuous in the first sentence, present perfect in the second), and also agree with the subject in terms of number – 'The dog' (singular) and 'Bob' (singular).

What are Non-Finite Verbs?

Non-finite verbs, on the other hand, are a type of verb that do not show tense, mood, voice, person, gender, or number. They cannot act as the main verb in a sentence and do not change form when the tense, person or number of the subject changes. More simply, non-finite verbs act more like adjectives or adverbs than verbs.

There are three main types of non-finite verbs – Infinitives, Gerunds, and Participles.

Types of Non-Finite Verbs

1. infinitive.

Infinitives are the base form of a verb, and are preceded by the word 'to'. However, 'to' is not always a sign of an infinitive and infinitives are not always preceded by 'to'.

• I want to eat pasta for dinner.
• You must help him. (Bare infinitive)

In the examples, 'to eat' and 'help' are infinitive verbs that complement the action of the main verb.

Gerunds are verbs that function as nouns in a sentence. They always end in '-ing'.

• Swimming is my favorite hobby.
• She enjoys reading books.

In these examples, 'Swimming' and 'reading' are gerunds. They act as subjects and objects, respectively.

3. Participle

Participles are verbs that function as adjectives in a sentence. There are two types of participles: Present Participle (ends in '-ing') and Past Participle (often ends in '-ed', '-d', '-t', '-en', or '-n').

• The crying child was comforted by his mother. (Present Participle)
• The broken glass cut my hand. (Past Participle)

'Crying' and 'broken' in these sentences are modifying the nouns 'child' and 'glass' respectively, and thus are acting as adjectives.

In conclusion, understanding the difference between finite and non-finite verbs, and identifying each in a sentence, is a critical skill for mastering English grammar. Finite verbs concern themselves with tense, mood, voice, person, gender, and number, whereas non-finite verbs do not. By understanding when and how to use each, you'll be able to construct more clear and accurate sentences. Practice figuring out which is which in sentences you encounter in reading and you'll soon grasp the concept completely!

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What Is Finite Verb? Definitions, Rules & Examples

In the study of English grammar, it is essential to understand the concept of a finite verb. A finite verb is a verb that indicates tense and subject agreement in a sentence. It is a fundamental element of grammar that plays a crucial role in constructing grammatically correct sentences. In this article, we will discuss the definition of finite verbs, the rules governing their use, and provide examples to help you understand the concept better.

Table of Contents

What is a Finite Verb?

A finite verb is a verb that is used to indicate tense and subject agreement in a sentence. It is called finite because it has a specific form that is limited by the number and person of the subject. It is also known as a main verb, as it is the primary verb that conveys the meaning of the sentence. Finite verbs are used to express action or state of being in a sentence.

Finite Verb Examples:

• She runs every morning.
• He has finished his work.
• They will go to the beach tomorrow.

Rules of Finite Verbs:

• Finite verbs must agree in number and person with the subject of the sentence.
• In the present tense, the third-person singular verb takes an -s or -es ending.
• In the past tense, regular verbs take -ed ending while irregular verbs have different forms.
• The auxiliary verb is used to form the negative and interrogative sentences.
• The verb in a subordinate clause must be in the finite form.

Finite Verb Examples with Rules:

Agreement in number and person:.

• She runs every morning. (Third-person singular subject takes third-person singular verb)
• They run every morning. (Third-person plural subject takes third-person plural verb)

Third-person singular verb ending:

• He likes to read books. (Third-person singular subject takes -s ending)
• She passes the exam. (Third-person singular subject takes -es ending)

Past tense verb forms:

• I walked to the park. (Regular verb takes -ed ending)
• She ate pizza for lunch. (Irregular verb has a different form)

Negative and interrogative sentences:

• He does not like coffee. (Auxiliary verb ‘do’ is used to form negative sentence)
• Do you like pizza? (Auxiliary verb ‘do’ is used to form interrogative sentence)

Verb in a subordinate clause:

• She said that she would come. (Verb ‘would come’ is in finite form in the subordinate clause)

Types of Finite Verbs:

• Simple finite verb : It consists of a single verb. Example: She walks to school.
• Compound finite verb : It consists of a main verb and one or more auxiliary verbs. Example: She is walking to school.
• Modal finite verb : It is used to express necessity, ability, or possibility. Example: He can swim very well.
• What is the difference between finite and non-finite verbs? Finite verbs indicate tense and subject agreement in a sentence, while non-finite verbs do not indicate tense or subject agreement.
• Is “is” a finite verb? Yes, “is” is a finite verb as it is a main verb that indicates tense and subject agreement.
• Can a sentence have more than one finite verb? Yes, a sentence can have more than one finite verb in a compound sentence or a complex sentence.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, understanding the concept of finite verbs is essential in constructing grammatically correct sentences. It is a fundamental element of English grammar and is necessary for effective communication in both spoken and written forms. By following the rules of finite verbs and using them appropriately, you can express yourself more clearly and effectively in English. It is also important to distinguish between finite and non-finite verbs and understand the different types of finite verbs, such as simple, compound, and modal finite verbs. With the examples provided in this article, you can improve your understanding of finite verbs and become more confident in using them correctly in your writing and speaking. So next time you come across a sentence, try to identify the finite verb and its function in the sentence.

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What is a Finite Verb? How to Identify a Finite Verb?

• Post author: Rezaul Karim
• Post published: January 14, 2022
• Post category: English version
• Post comments: 0 Comments

Introduction:

A verb is a peculiar as well as an interesting part of speech. It has a good many kinds of forms. For its forms and diversity, many a time it becomes a little bit difficult to understand for English learners what role it actually plays in a particular context. Today we will discuss a form of the verb which is known as the Finite verb.

What is a finite verb?

In a sentence or in a clause, the verb which has its own subject and shows agreement with that subject, and which can play the role of making the sentence of different tenses is called a finite verb.

So, we can say, to be a finite verb, a verb needs to have three features. They are:

• the verb should have its own subject,
• the verb should show agreement with the subject (in person and number),
• the verb should have the power to play the role of making different tenses.

Without modal auxiliaries, all kinds of verbs in English can be used as a finite verb if it has these qualities in a clause or a sentence.

Tips and remember: A finite verb is a verb that changes with the changes of the tense.

• I want him to write a poem. [In this sentence, there are two verb words. They are ‘want’ and ‘write’. The verb ‘want’ has its own subject. This verb shows agreement with the subject. We can change the tense of this sentence by changing this verb. So, this verb is a finite verb.]
• He wants him to write a poem. [In this sentence, the verb ‘wants’ is in agreement with the subject, but the verb ‘write’ does not need to agree with the subject because it is not a finite verb.]
• I wanted him to write a poem. [In this sentence, the verb ‘wanted’ got changed to form the sentence of past tense. And the verb ‘write’ did not change its form because it is not a finite verb.]

How to identify a finite verb?

A finite verb can easily be identified by looking at the subject of the verb. The subject of the verb may be explicit or implicit, but a finite verb should have a subject. The verb will also show agreement with the subject.

In addition to this, a finite verb shall have the feature of making the sentences of different tenses.

• William is working hard to get a good job. [Here the subject of the verb ‘is working’ is explicit.]
• Go there to help him. [Here the subject of the verb ‘go’ is implicit.]
• The girl picking flowers in the garden is my sister.

Why is a finite verb important for a clause or sentence?

Without a finite verb, we will not be able to use

• a tense (present, past, or future)

How many finite verbs should there be in a sentence?

The number of finite verbs will depend on how many clauses there are in a sentence. If the sentence is of a single clause, there will be a single or one finite verb. If there is more than one clause in a sentence, there will be more than one finite verb depending on the number of clauses. It is to be remembered that clauses are joined by coordinating conjunctions or by subordinating conjunctions. Without conjunction, no more than one clause sentence can be formed.

• William looked for his parents at the train station. [One clause sentence, one finite verb.]
• The man coming towards me is my uncle. [One clause sentence, one finite verb.]
• When he found me, he began to cry. [Two clauses sentence, two finite verbs.]
• At the time of going to school, I found a man who was carrying a basket. [Two clauses sentence, two finite verbs.]
• William looked for his parents at the train station, but they arrived at the station late, so he left the station before they arrived . [Four clauses sentence, four finite verbs.]

Rezaul Karim

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Finite verb forms in English

Why should you care about finite verb forms?

Finite verb forms in English contain a lot of information. They mark number , person , tense , and mood, all of which contribute to meaning.

Finite verbs are also the the part of the verb phrase that has to agree with the subject (in person and number). In the example below, the subjects are green and the finite verbs are in bold .

If my neighbor’s stupid kids do n’t turn down that awful music soon,   I   am going to lose my mind.

Subject-verb agreement is an important part of English grammar. When you make mistakes with subject-verb agreement, it makes it harder for people to understand what you mean. Unless the context is very clear, listeners don’t know if the mistake is in the verb form or in the subject. For example, where is the error in the sentence below?

The package you ordered have arrived. X

We don’t know for sure which is correct: The package you ordered has arrived (one package). ✔ The packages you ordered have arrived (more than one package). ✔

Even if the meaning is clear from the context, subject-verb agreement errors tend to draw more than their fair share of attention, distracting and even annoying the listener. So it’s worth making the effort to get them right!

Finite verb forms

All English verbs have finite forms for present and past; for example, go vs. went , and stop vs. stopped . (NOTE: A few irregular verbs (put, set, cost, etc.) have present and past forms that are the same.)

All non-modal English verbs (except be ) also change form for the third person singular in the present tense (he/she/it goes ).

All of this might seem confusing, but the pattern is really pretty straightforward. Look at Table 1 below, and you’ll see it’s a lot simpler in table form.

Finite forms of be

The verb be is the naughty problem child of the finite verb family, because it doesn’t follow the regular pattern of most other verbs. (See Table 2 below.)

The two most frequent verbs in English – be and have

Be and have are extremely frequent in English — in fact, they are the two MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING verbs. It’s not just because being and having are generally common things to talk about. The finite forms of be and have used in many English tenses, for example:

Present perfect: I have gone / She has gone Present continuous: I am going / She is going / They are going Present perfect continuous: I have been going / She has been going Past continuous: I was going / She was going / They were going

Because finite forms of be and have are so frequent in English, it’s a good idea for learners to become very comfortable with using them as soon as possible. Fortunately, have follows the regular finite verb pattern, only marking past and present overall, and the third person in the present. (See Table 3 below).

If you don’t feel comfortable choosing the correct forms of be and have , it’s worth spending time to memorize and practice them until the right forms come automatically. There is a place for old-fashioned drills and memorization!

Being comfortable with the finite forms of be and have will make forming your tenses a lot easier, because you won’t be struggling to remember which finite form to use. That frees up mental energy so you can work on other challenging things, like watching out for subject-verb agreement.

Grammar Exercise: Exercise on finite and non-finite verbs

Grammar exercise - adjective or adverb, do the exercises below on adjectives or adverbs and click on the button to check your answers..

(Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on finite verbs and non-finite Verbs )

Choose the right answer.

• Nancy does her homework every day does is a finite verb does is a non-finite verb
• Nancy is doing her homework at the moment doing is a finite verb doing is a non-finite verb
• They are writing a letter. are is a finite verb are is a non-finite verb
• She speaks Chinese very well speaks is a finite verb speaks is a non-finite verb .
• He has a big car. has is a finite verb has is a non-finite verb
• The proposal has been examined today. been is a finite verb been is a non-finite verb
• She tried to help him. tried is a finite verb tried is a non-finite verb
• It is healthy to laugh at problems. to laugh is a finite verb to laugh is a non-finite verb
• Finding the gates widely open, the thief went inside Finding is a finite verb Finding is a non-finite verb
• He had his car cleaned . cleaned is a finite verb cleaned is a non-finite verb

You may also be interested in:

Parts of speech Subject Verb Finite verbs Non-finite Verbs Exercise on finite and non-finite verbs Predicate Direct and indirect objects Sentence

• English Grammar
• Parts of Speech
• Finite Verbs

Finite Verb - Meaning, Definition, Usage and Examples

In every language, communication is made possible with the help of safely constructed sentences. As English language learners, all of us know the fact that a sentence requires a subject and a verb to sound complete. There are imperative sentences which do not require a subject. This happens to be an exception. Verbs are divided into two types, namely finite verbs and non-finite verbs , based on their behaviour when placed with a subject in a sentence. In this article, you will be introduced to finite verbs and how they can be used with examples to make them easier for you to understand.

Table of Contents

Definition of a finite verb, how to use finite verbs in sentences, 20 examples of finite verbs, check your understanding of finite verbs, frequently asked questions on finite verbs in english, what is a finite verb.

A finite verb is often the main verb in the sentence, which denotes the primary action done by the subject in a particular context. Finite verbs can be a part of an independent clause or verb phrase that can stand alone in a sentence and still make sense.

According to the Oxford Learners’ Dictionary, “a finite verb form or clause shows a particular tense, person and number.” The Collins Dictionary defines a finite verb as “a verb form that distinguishes person, number, and tense , and also mood or aspect, as ‘opens’ in She opens the door.”

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a finite verb as one that is “of, relating to, or being a verb or verb form that can function as a predicate or as the initial element of one and that is limited (as in tense, person, and number)”.

There are some points you have to keep in mind if you want to use finite verbs accurately.

• The most important point you have to focus on when working with finite verbs is that they always work with a subject.
• You have to always make sure that the verb agrees with the subject.
• Remember that the use of a finite verb can allow the clause to stand by itself as an independent clause.
• Make sure that you conjugate the finite verb accurately to suit the context in which the action takes place.

Examples of Finite Verbs

Here are a few examples to help you understand how finite verbs are used in sentences.

• Reena reached home after 7 p.m.

The root verb ‘reach’ is used in its past form and acts as the finite verb in the above sentence.

• Henry likes to read adventure novels.

In the above sentence, the root verb ‘like’ is used in the third-person singular form to play the role of the finite verb in the sentence. It can also be noted here that ‘Henry likes adventure novels’ is still a complete sentence and makes sense without the infinitive ‘to read’.

• We had all the South Indian delicacies that were served at the wedding reception on June 8 th .

In the above example, “had” is the finite verb.

• Do you know how to draw an elephant?

In this sentence, the verb ‘know’ used in its simple present form is the finite verb.

• My child likes singing Hindi songs.

The verb ‘like’, used in the third person singular form, is the finite verb in the above example.

Here are 20 examples of finite verbs that you can refer to have a clear idea.

• I like ice cream.
• Do you know this guy?
• Kimmy lives in Spain.
• We work at the Plaza.
• Teena needs some money.
• I do not understand what you are talking about.
• Mario plays video games.
• Lintu cooked pasta for breakfast.
• My dad rides a bike.
• I have coffee in the morning.
• We walked through the forest.
• The boys stood right in front of the park.
• Little Tom enjoyed the ride.
• Titus saw an aeroplane.
• I listen to melodious songs all the time.
• Henry thanked Jerry for the cake.
• The dog ran away.
• Rory took a photo of his new room.
• Xan lost her cell phone.
• Ozy is an actor.

Identify the finite verbs in the following sentences:

1. The teacher is late to class.

2. The auto stopped abruptly.

3. I bought a new pair of shoes for the trip.

4. My brother loved the movie.

5. I finished the household chores.

6. The plate is empty.

7. Can you try to lift it one more time?

8. Did you read all the chapters of this book?

9. My phone worked properly even after the repair.

10. I took a photo of the bunch of flowers that had bloomed in my garden for the first time.

Ready to check if you found the finite verbs in the sentences correctly? Let us find out.

5. I f inished all the household chores.

What is a finite verb?

What is the definition of a finite verb.

According to the Oxford Learners’ Dictionary, “a finite verb form or clause shows a particular tense, person and number.” The Collins Dictionary defines a finite verb as “a verb form that distinguishes person, number, and tense, and also mood or aspect, as ‘opens’ in She opens the door.” The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a finite verb as one that is “of, relating to, or being a verb or verb form that can function as a predicate or as the initial element of one and that is limited (as in tense, person, and number)”.

How are finite verbs used?

Give some examples of finite verbs..

All main verbs can be used as finite verbs. It has to be conjugated in order to represent the right form of the verb/tense that agrees with the subject doing the action in a sentence. Listening to yesterday was very soothing.

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Finite and Non-Finite Verbs

10 questions

Introducing new   Paper mode

No student devices needed.   Know more

Find the Finite Verb in the following sentence:

He likes to eat ice cream.

Find the Non-Finite Verb in the following sentence:

The children have completed the given homework.

have completed

Choose all the finite verbs in the following sentence:

We offered the guest some coffee when they arrived home.

some coffee

Fill in the blanks with the infinitive type of the verb:

They like __________ (play) outdoor games.

Choose all the finite-verbs and non-finite verbs in the following sentence:

Playing basketball is my hobby.

State whether the underlined verb is finite, gerund, participle or infinitive:

He likes to see the aeroplane flying above the clouds.

Finite Verb

State whether the underlined verb is finite or non-finite:

They want to play outside.

Non-Finite (Participle)

Non-Finite (Infinitive)

Non-Finite (Gerund)

Choose the gerund verb from the following sentence:

Walking every day is a very good habit.

Choose all the non-finite verbs in the given sentence:

He likes to play football after eating his food.

Fill in the blank with the present participle of the verb:

We saw the boy _________ (climb) the tree in the day.

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7.6: Identifying Dependent and Independent Clauses

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• Page ID 6959

• Jenny Crisp
• Dalton University

An independent clause, also known as a simple sentence, includes a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.

Example \(\PageIndex{1}\):

Juliet , a border collie puppy, prefers to chase apples and pears. Subject Verb

A dependent clause has a subject and verb, is introduced by a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun, but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause is not a complete sentence.

Example \(\PageIndex{2}\):

Because the heavy rains flooded the entrance to the subdivision. Sub. Conj. Subject Verb

Example \(\PageIndex{3}\):

After Laura carefully read the assigned chapter. Sub. Conj. Subject Verb

Determine whether the underlined word groups are dependent clauses, independent clauses, or not a clause.

• Although it was raining , Maria went for a jog at Civitan Park.
• Brianna eats chocolate whenever she gets a poor grade in math .
• After the flood , the family moved into a temporary shelter.
• While walking at the park, John saw a raccoon eating potato chips.
• Students enrolled in bachelor's and associate's degree programs must pass the Regents' Test as a graduation requirement.
• Students who fail to show up for the Regents' test must enroll in the Regents' remediation courses.
• When you finish your homework , please take the dog for a walk.
• After Juan completed the assignment, he swam laps at the gym.
• Christa left home at 4:00 a.m. since she had to drive to Atlanta for a meeting.
• Before completing the assignment , Evan decided to eat a quick lunch.

Identifying Dependent and Independent Clauses - Practice 1 Answer Key

• Juan continued playing although he injured his knee .
• I thought that the offer was too good to be true .
• While I was scrubbing the floors , Juliet was watching television.
• Although tired and grumpy, Laura agreed to babysit for her sister-in-law.
• Inspired and energized, Sean solved the case of the missing energy drink .
• While driving home from spring break , Maria saw a tornado touch down.
• People who drink and drive should be arrested.
• Ever since my daughter purchased a ferret , I have noticed that authors describe their bad guys as ferret-like.
• Such descriptions are not fair to ferrets .
• Since I could not go to the Pancake Breakfast , I gave away my tickets.

Identifying Dependent and Independent Clauses - Practice 2 Answer Key

• Dr. Mary Nielsen, Dean of the Dalton State College School of Liberal Arts.