California becomes first state to ban forced outing of LGBTQ+ students
According to the progressive think tank the movement advancement project, eight states, including idaho and north dakota, legally force the outing of transgender youth in schools..
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California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, signed a first-of-its-kind state law Monday aimed at protecting LGBTQ+ students from having their sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression revealed by schools without consent.
The SAFETY Act prohibits schools from enforcing policies that forcibly out a student and shields teachers and other school staff from retaliation if they refuse to obey such policies.
The new law makes California the first state to ban outing policies, according to the California Legislative LGBTQ Caucus.
Chris Ward, a San Diego Democrat who first introduced the bill in the California Legislature, said in a statement Monday that the SAFETY Act combats a rise in politically motivated attacks on queer and transgender students nationwide.
"While some school districts have adopted policies to forcibly out students, the SAFETY Act ensures that discussions about gender identity remain a private matter within the family,” Ward said. “As a parent, I urge all parents to talk to their children, listen to them, and love them unconditionally for who they are."
The law’s enactment came nearly a year after Tony Thurmond, the state superintendent of public instruction, said he was forcibly removed from a local school board meeting where he was opposing a district's proposed outing policy, which was eventually blocked in court .
“Our teachers can now focus on teaching the critical academic skills that our students need to succeed, not on policing the gender identities of children,” Thurmond said in a statement Monday.
According to the progressive think tank the Movement Advancement Project, eight states, including Idaho and North Dakota, legally force the outing of transgender youth in schools. Five others, including Florida and Kentucky, promote the practice, though it’s not required.
Zachary Schermele covers education and breaking news for USA TODAY. You can reach him by email at [email protected]. Follow him on X at @ZachSchermele .
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What is fiat money?
History of fiat money, how fiat money works, pros and cons of fiat money, future of fiat money, fiat money: definition, history, and how it works.
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- Fiat money is currency backed by the government that issued it and isn't tied to a commodity such as gold.
- Fiat money issuers can have a lot of influence on the economy by controlling the supply of this currency.
- Overly aggressive monetary policies run the risk of eroding the value of fiat currencies.
You've probably heard the expression, "Backed by the full faith and credit of the US government," in reference to the dollar. That's the principle behind fiat money. Its value is based on people's trust in the authorities that issue it.
While fiat money has been the norm since the early 1970s, the emergence of cryptocurrencies like bitcoin has been gaining acceptance in government and business. Many of the best online brokerages now offer crypto trading in addition to traditional stocks and ETFs.
The US Dollar, Euro, British pound, and Yen are all examples of fiat money backed by an issuing government. Most contemporary fiat money is paper currency.
Here's everything you need to know about fiat money, how it came to be, and its future.
Fiat money is a government-issued legal tender. Unlike currencies tied to the value of physical commodities like precious metals, fiat money doesn't have inherent value like gold or silver. Instead, it derives value from the public's trust in its issuers.
The term "fiat" is derived from the Latin word meaning an authoritative determination or order.
Origins and evolution of fiat money
Fiat money originated in China during the 10th century, primarily during the Yuan, Tang, Song, and Ming dynasties. Due to a limited supply of precious metals (particularly copper during the Song Dynasty), China suffered from a coin shortage. Paper drafts and private notes covered by a monetary reserve became readily accepted soon after and became the only legal tender by the Yuan Dynasty.
France, the Continental Congress, and the American colonies began using paper currency in the 18th century. Government-issued notes were regarded as bills of credit commonly used to pay taxes. Fiat money rose in popularity during times of war to preserve the value of precious metals.
For example, during the American Civil War, people used pieces of paper called "Greenbacks."
Transition from commodity money to fiat money
Most of the world's currency is now fiat money. It began to see widespread use in the 20th century when the US dollar was decoupled from the price of gold.
Commodity money — valued from the underlying price of gold, silver, and other materials — has been used throughout history. Coins made from precious metals were the standard for thousands of years. By the 18th and 19th centuries, paper currencies began to take hold, although many served as promissory notes to pay specific quantities of gold and silver.
Countries like the UK and the US embraced the gold standard, a monetary system tying the value of a standard unit of currency's value to a certain amount of gold. When the Great Depression and two world wars severely affected the global economy, world leaders created an international monetary system, positioning the US dollar as a global currency.
International balances were settled in dollars and converted to gold at a fixed exchange rate. The gold standard was in place until 1971, when US President Richard Nixon, faced with surging inflation and high unemployment, ended it as the amount of foreign-held dollars exceeded the amount of gold in the US reserves.
Government issuance and regulation
Since fiat money doesn't have intrinsic value and isn't linked to physical commodities, its value derives from people's confidence and trust in the government that issues it. Financial and Federal Reserve authorities strictly regulate and oversee it to maintain and encourage a stable, reliable money system that protects consumers and businesses alike.
The lack of tangible backing allows governments more flexibility in managing and regulating currency. In the US, the Federal Reserve controls the supply of dollars, and the European Central Bank controls the supply of the euro common currency.
Role of central banks
The government's flexibility in regulating its own currency also allows central banks to greatly influence the economy because they can control the money supply. Monetary policies and economic conditions — including interest rates, reserve ratios for banks, and supply and demand — largely determine the value of fiat currency.
However, fiat money is also vulnerable to political instability. This may lead to a weakening currency and diminished value. Another concern is hyperinflation through overprinting, which could lead to an economic disaster.
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Fiat money has been a reliable global financial system for decades, trusted to facilitate day-to-day transactions, purchases, and trades. But, the emergence of digital money and decentralized assets is quickly reshaping money. A gradual decline of fiat money may be on the horizon.
With the advent of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and ether, there's been debate about whether such digital assets could ultimately supplant fiat money as the preferred medium of exchange or at least provide an alternative.
"Like with any incumbent technology for an existing system, it kind of mostly works most of the time," says Andy Edstrom, CFA and financial advisor at WESCAP Group .
But, as inflation rises and more fiat units are printed, "the cracks are starting to appear in the system," says Edstrom.
Some people fear that the financial authorities cannot employ effective strategies to manage inflation and prevent hyperinflation. There are also concerns about the impact of national debt levels on fiat currency. Long-term, unsustainable debt can diminish people's confidence and lead to further economic instability.
Digital currencies and fiat money
The advent of cryptocurrencies has spurred a debate about the future of fiat currencies and whether they'll ultimately give way to digital coins. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin aren't fiat money because they aren't issued, controlled, or backed by any central authority. In some cases, the total maximum supply is designed to be capped at a certain amount.
The price volatility of cryptocurrencies is one reason some skeptics say they are unlikely to supplant fiat money as the dominant medium of exchange. However, acceptance of crypto has been growing, with the SEC approving two spot crypto ETFs to be traded on the traditional stock market in 2024.
Some cryptocurrencies, called stablecoins , can be pegged to commodities or fiat money, intended to make them less volatile. Some cryptocurrencies have utility, such as transferring payments or powering decentralized networks and applications. Others are created for fun, and some can be scams.
Edstrom explains that cryptocurrencies can be used transactionally but haven't been fully adapted as money due to their volatile nature. "But if Bitcoin reaches its potential over the next decade or two," he says, "then it's likely that the volatility will reduce, and it's likely that Bitcoin will become used commonly as money in the economy as it matures."
Time will tell how cryptocurrencies will ultimately be used for financial transactions and where they'll eventually fit in the international monetary system. For now, keep an eye on the developments and consider the pros and cons of fiat money when making decisions about saving and investing.
Fiat money is currency backed by the public's faith in the government or central bank that issued it. It is the standard throughout most of the world. Unlike commodity currency, which is linked to commodity prices such as gold or silver, fiat money has no intrinsic value. Instead, it derives its value from people's trust in the governments that issue it.
Fiat money originated in China during the 10th century, primarily due to a lack of precious metals. It didn't appear in the West until the 18th century, as government-issued notes were primarily used to pay taxes. Fiat currency became more widely used in the US during the 20th century when the US dollar was decoupled from the price of gold.
The main advantage of fiat money is that it allows the government to have greater control of its own currency and economic stability. Fiat money is also cheaper and easier to make than commodity-backed currencies.
The main disadvantage of fiat money is the risk of inflation if it is overprinted. Overprinting can cause a potential loss of value due to its lack of intrinsic worth and dependence on government stability.
Fiat money affects the economy by permitting governments and other regulatory bodies to implement monetary policies that influence interest rates, inflation, and overall economic stability. The government has more flexibility to regulate its own currency, but fiat money must be closely regulated to prevent instability and hyperinflation.
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The Ultimate Team: Sports and Fashion
For Fashion, Sports Stars Are the New Superstars
Here’s why, and how the balance of power between individual brand and company brand is changing.
Credit... Photo Illustration by Elizabeth Renstrom for The New York Times
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By Vanessa Friedman
- July 21, 2024
In the late 1990s, something strange started happening on the cover of glossy magazines. Instead of models, movie stars increasingly became the faces of choice. By 1998, Linda Wells, then the editor of the beauty magazine Allure, announced to her staff , “Nobody cares about models anymore.”
A quarter century later, we are at another tipping point. Actors are out, and athletes are in. And not just in the world of men’s wear, which has long embraced the sports world as part of the fashion world for reasons related to long-held gender stereotypes), but in all worlds.
“Sports stars are the new Hollywood stars,” said Jens Grede, a co-founder of Skims, a brand that reached a $4 billion valuation in four years in part by focusing campaigns on athletes. So far, the Skims stable has included the soccer star Neymar, the N.B.A. star Shai Gilgeous-Alexander, the Olympic gold medal gymnast Sunisa Lee and a host of W.N.B.A. standouts , including Skylar Diggins-Smith and Cameron Brink.
“We live in the era of hyper-personalization,” Mr. Grede said, speaking at a conference about sports and fashion organized by The New York Times in Paris this month ahead of the Summer Olympics. “My content feed looks tremendously different from yours or anyone else’s. As people, as a community, as society, we have fewer and fewer big cultural touch points. Sports might be the only place today where we meet across age, racial, social-economic, religious or political lines. So sport has become an important unifying force.”
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Antoine Arnault, the head of the image and the environment for LVMH, said at the Times event that he believes athletes “are probably even more emotionally connected to everyone” than famous names from film or music.
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33 Transition Words and Phrases
Transitional terms give writers the opportunity to prepare readers for a new idea, connecting the previous sentence to the next one.
Many transitional words are nearly synonymous: words that broadly indicate that “this follows logically from the preceding” include accordingly, therefore, and consequently . Words that mean “in addition to” include moreover, besides, and further . Words that mean “contrary to what was just stated” include however, nevertheless , and nonetheless .
as a result : THEREFORE : CONSEQUENTLY
The executive’s flight was delayed and they accordingly arrived late.
in or by way of addition : FURTHERMORE
The mountain has many marked hiking trails; additionally, there are several unmarked trails that lead to the summit.
at a later or succeeding time : SUBSEQUENTLY, THEREAFTER
Afterward, she got a promotion.
even though : ALTHOUGH
She appeared as a guest star on the show, albeit briefly.
in spite of the fact that : even though —used when making a statement that differs from or contrasts with a statement you have just made
They are good friends, although they don't see each other very often.
in addition to what has been said : MOREOVER, FURTHERMORE
I can't go, and besides, I wouldn't go if I could.
as a result : in view of the foregoing : ACCORDINGLY
The words are often confused and are consequently misused.
in a contrasting or opposite way —used to introduce a statement that contrasts with a previous statement or presents a differing interpretation or possibility
Large objects appear to be closer. Conversely, small objects seem farther away.
used to introduce a statement that is somehow different from what has just been said
These problems are not as bad as they were. Even so, there is much more work to be done.
used as a stronger way to say "though" or "although"
I'm planning to go even though it may rain.
in addition : MOREOVER
I had some money to invest, and, further, I realized that the risk was small.
in addition to what precedes : BESIDES —used to introduce a statement that supports or adds to a previous statement
These findings seem plausible. Furthermore, several studies have confirmed them.
because of a preceding fact or premise : for this reason : THEREFORE
He was a newcomer and hence had no close friends here.
from this point on : starting now
She announced that henceforth she would be running the company.
in spite of that : on the other hand —used when you are saying something that is different from or contrasts with a previous statement
I'd like to go; however, I'd better not.
as something more : BESIDES —used for adding information to a statement
The city has the largest population in the country and in addition is a major shipping port.
all things considered : as a matter of fact —used when making a statement that adds to or strengthens a previous statement
He likes to have things his own way; indeed, he can be very stubborn.
for fear that —often used after an expression denoting fear or apprehension
He was concerned lest anyone think that he was guilty.
in addition : ALSO —often used to introduce a statement that adds to and is related to a previous statement
She is an acclaimed painter who is likewise a sculptor.
at or during the same time : in the meantime
You can set the table. Meanwhile, I'll start making dinner.
BESIDES, FURTHER : in addition to what has been said —used to introduce a statement that supports or adds to a previous statement
It probably wouldn't work. Moreover, it would be very expensive to try it.
in spite of that : HOWEVER
It was a predictable, but nevertheless funny, story.
in spite of what has just been said : NEVERTHELESS
The hike was difficult, but fun nonetheless.
without being prevented by (something) : despite—used to say that something happens or is true even though there is something that might prevent it from happening or being true
Notwithstanding their youth and inexperience, the team won the championship.
if not : or else
Finish your dinner. Otherwise, you won't get any dessert.
more correctly speaking —used to introduce a statement that corrects what you have just said
We can take the car, or rather, the van.
in spite of that —used to say that something happens or is true even though there is something that might prevent it from happening or being true
I tried again and still I failed.
by that : by that means
He signed the contract, thereby forfeiting his right to the property.
for that reason : because of that
This tablet is thin and light and therefore very convenient to carry around.
immediately after that
The committee reviewed the documents and thereupon decided to accept the proposal.
because of this or that : HENCE, CONSEQUENTLY
This detergent is highly concentrated and thus you will need to dilute it.
while on the contrary —used to make a statement that describes how two people, groups, etc., are different
Some of these species have flourished, whereas others have struggled.
NEVERTHELESS, HOWEVER —used to introduce a statement that adds something to a previous statement and usually contrasts with it in some way
It was pouring rain out, yet his clothes didn’t seem very wet.
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- Transition sentences | Tips & examples for clear writing
Transition Sentences | Tips & Examples for Clear Writing
Published on June 9, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.
Clear transitions are crucial to clear writing: They show the reader how different parts of your essay, paper, or thesis are connected. Transition sentences can be used to structure your text and link together paragraphs or sections.
… In this case, the researchers concluded that the method was unreliable.
However , evidence from a more recent study points to a different conclusion . …
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Table of contents
Transitioning between paragraphs, transitioning to a new section, transitions within a paragraph, other interesting articles.
When you start a new paragraph , the first sentence should clearly express:
- What this paragraph will discuss
- How it relates to the previous paragraph
The examples below show some examples of transition sentences between paragraphs and what they express.
Transition sentence | This paragraph… |
---|---|
evidence in support of is provided by Smith (2019). | … the previous one, providing more support for . |
, Patel’s arguments are on the matter. | … the previous one by presenting related to the previous discussion. |
the relationship between these factors, to draw conclusions about the broader process. | …treats the preceding point as on which to more general arguments. |
Placement of transition sentences
The beginning of a new paragraph is generally the right place for a transition sentence. Each paragraph should focus on one topic, so avoid spending time at the end of a paragraph explaining the theme of the next one.
The first dissenter to consider is …
However, several scholars dissent from this consensus. The first one to consider is …
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While transitions between paragraphs are generally a single sentence, when you start a new section in a longer text, you may need an entire transition paragraph. Transitioning to a new section involves summarizing the content of the previous section and expressing how the new one will build upon or depart from it.
For example, the following sentences might be an effective transition for a new section in a literary analysis essay.
Having established that the subjective experience of time is one of Mann’s key concerns in The Magic Mountain , it is now possible to explore how this theme facilitates the novel’s connection with World War I. The war itself is not narrated in the book, but rather hinted at as something awaiting Castorp beyond the final pages. In this way, Mann links his protagonist’s subjective experience of time to more than just his illness; it is also used to explore the period leading up to the outbreak of war.
As in academic writing generally, aim to be as concise as you can while maintaining clarity: If you can transition to a new section clearly with a single sentence, do so, but use more when necessary.
It’s also important to use effective transitions within each paragraph you write, leading the reader through your arguments efficiently and avoiding ambiguity.
The known-new contract
The order of information within each of your sentences is important to the cohesion of your text. The known-new contract , a useful writing concept, states that a new sentence should generally begin with some reference to information from the previous sentence, and then go on to connect it to new information.
In the following example, the second sentence doesn’t follow very clearly from the first. The connection only becomes clear when we reach the end.
By reordering the information in the second sentence so that it begins with a reference to the first, we can help the reader follow our argument more smoothly.
Note that the known-new contract is just a general guideline. Not every sentence needs to be structured this way, but it’s a useful technique if you’re struggling to make your sentences cohere.
Transition words and phrases
Using appropriate transition words helps show your reader connections within and between sentences. Transition words and phrases come in four main types:
- Additive transitions, which introduce new information or examples
- Adversative transitions, which signal a contrast or departure from the previous text
- Causal transitions, which are used to describe cause and effect
- Sequential transitions, which indicate a sequence
The table below gives a few examples for each type:
Type | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Additive | We found that the mixture was effective. , it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. | furthermore, moreover, for example, in regard to x, similarly, in other words |
Adversative | The novel does deal with the theme of family. , its central theme is more broadly political … | however, although, nevertheless, regardless, above all, (or) at least |
Causal | Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. | because, therefore, consequently, if, provided that, so that, to |
Sequential | This has historically had several consequences: , the conflict is not given the weight of other conflicts in historical narratives. , its causes are inadequately understood. , … | first, second, third, initially, subsequently, finally, lastly, to return/returning to x, as previously mentioned, in conclusion |
Grouping similar information
While transition words and phrases are essential, and every essay will contain at least some of them, it’s also important to avoid overusing them. One way to do this is by grouping similar information together so that fewer transitions are needed.
For example, the following text uses three transition words and jumps back and forth between ideas. This makes it repetitive and difficult to follow.
Rewriting it to group similar information allows us to use just one transition, making the text more concise and readable.
If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
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Transitional Words and Phrases
One of your primary goals as a writer is to present ideas in a clear and understandable way. To help readers move through your complex ideas, you want to be intentional about how you structure your paper as a whole as well as how you form the individual paragraphs that comprise it. In order to think through the challenges of presenting your ideas articulately, logically, and in ways that seem natural to your readers, check out some of these resources: Developing a Thesis Statement , Paragraphing , and Developing Strategic Transitions: Writing that Establishes Relationships and Connections Between Ideas.
While clear writing is mostly achieved through the deliberate sequencing of your ideas across your entire paper, you can guide readers through the connections you’re making by using transitional words in individual sentences. Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between your ideas and can help your reader understand your paper’s logic.
In what follows, we’ve included a list of frequently used transitional words and phrases that can help you establish how your various ideas relate to each other. We’ve divided these words and phrases into categories based on the common kinds of relationships writers establish between ideas.
Two recommendations: Use these transitions strategically by making sure that the word or phrase you’re choosing matches the logic of the relationship you’re emphasizing or the connection you’re making. All of these words and phrases have different meanings, nuances, and connotations, so before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely, and be sure that it’s the right match for your paper’s logic. Use these transitional words and phrases sparingly because if you use too many of them, your readers might feel like you are overexplaining connections that are already clear.
Categories of Transition Words and Phrases
Causation Chronology Combinations Contrast Example
Importance Location Similarity Clarification Concession
Conclusion Intensification Purpose Summary
Transitions to help establish some of the most common kinds of relationships
Causation– Connecting instigator(s) to consequence(s).
accordingly as a result and so because
consequently for that reason hence on account of
since therefore thus
Chronology– Connecting what issues in regard to when they occur.
after afterwards always at length during earlier following immediately in the meantime
later never next now once simultaneously so far sometimes
soon subsequently then this time until now when whenever while
Combinations Lists– Connecting numerous events. Part/Whole– Connecting numerous elements that make up something bigger.
additionally again also and, or, not as a result besides even more
finally first, firstly further furthermore in addition in the first place in the second place
last, lastly moreover next second, secondly, etc. too
Contrast– Connecting two things by focusing on their differences.
after all although and yet at the same time but
despite however in contrast nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding
on the contrary on the other hand otherwise though yet
Example– Connecting a general idea to a particular instance of this idea.
as an illustration e.g., (from a Latin abbreviation for “for example”)
for example for instance specifically that is
to demonstrate to illustrate
Importance– Connecting what is critical to what is more inconsequential.
chiefly critically
foundationally most importantly
of less importance primarily
Location– Connecting elements according to where they are placed in relationship to each other.
above adjacent to below beyond
centrally here nearby neighboring on
opposite to peripherally there wherever
Similarity– Connecting to things by suggesting that they are in some way alike.
by the same token in like manner
in similar fashion here in the same way
likewise wherever
Other kinds of transitional words and phrases Clarification
i.e., (from a Latin abbreviation for “that is”) in other words
that is that is to say to clarify to explain
to put it another way to rephrase it
granted it is true
naturally of course
finally lastly
in conclusion in the end
to conclude
Intensification
in fact indeed no
of course surely to repeat
undoubtedly without doubt yes
for this purpose in order that
so that to that end
to this end
in brief in sum
in summary in short
to sum up to summarize
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Connecting Ideas Through Transitions
Using Transitional Words and Phrases
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What is a Transition? Definition, Examples of Transitions in Writing
Home » The Writer’s Dictionary » What is a Transition? Definition, Examples of Transitions in Writing
Transition definition: Transitions are words or phrases that are used to connect one idea to the next when writing.
What is a Transition?
Transitions are words or phrases that are inserted into writing in order to connect thoughts and ideas. These allow for the reader to easily follow the progression of the writing by adding flow.
Example of a Transition
When writing a step-by-step guide to how to do something, people often used numerical transitions such as first, second, and third in order to help the audience understand the separate steps involved.
Where Are Transitions Used?
Between sections : In lengthy writing, transitions are used between sections in order to summarize what has been already explained as well as introduce future material. For example, in history textbooks, the writers may include transitions between chapters in order to provide connections between the historical events.
Between ideas : Transitions are important to use between ideas in order to separate the individual thoughts. An example could be when giving people options to choose between, a person would want to add a transition in order to identify they have moved on to a new choice.
Between paragraphs : When including transitions between paragraphs, it is important to identify the connection between the two in order to effectively move from one paragraph to the next. Often times, a good way to this is to read the last sentence of the first paragraph and the first sentence of the second in order to find a connection. For example, when offering two sides to a situation, the transition word however could be a good connector between two paragraphs.
Within paragraphs : It is also important to include transitions within paragraphs so the thoughts within the section flow from one to the next in an organized manner. If the writer is talking about an idea and then wants to provide an example to illustrate, the transition for example will help the reader transition.
The Function of Transitions in Literature
Transitions are important in literature in order to help the reader understand the writing. They allow for the story to flow from one thought to the next allowing for the reader to build upon the ideas without having to think too hard in order to put them together.
Without effective transitions, writing may become ineffective and confusing.
In James Hurst’s “The Scarlet Ibis” the power of transitions is evident in order to show a character’s change of thought. First, let’s take a look at an example in which the transition word has been removed:
- “It was bad enough having an invalid brother, but having one who possibly was not all there was unbearable, so I began to make plans to kill him by smothering him with a pillow…one afternoon as I watched him, my head poked between the iron posts of the foot of the bed, he looked straight at me and grinned.”
Second, let’s look at the line with the transition word in order to compare the difference:
- “It was bad enough having an invalid brother, but having one who possibly was not all there was unbearable, so I began to make plans to kill him by smothering him with a pillow. However , one afternoon as I watched him, my head poked between the iron posts of the foot of the bed, he looked straight at me and grinned.”
By adding the transition word however , it signals to the reader that the narrator’s attitude toward his brother changed. Without the transition word, the change would be ambiguous.
Transition Examples in Literature
In John Boyne’s The Boy in the Striped Pajamas , he uses the transition phrase “ some days later” in order to denote a change in time between chapters.
- “Some days later Bruno was lying on the bed in his room, staring at the ceiling above his head”
Carrie Brownstein includes the transition “nevertheless” in her memoir Hunger Makes Me a Modern Girl in order to show that she is adding to a previous point that she made:
- “I really didn’t want to go to Western Washington University. I had no plan, and I left for the northern part of the state knowing only that I would not be there long. Departing for a departure. Nevertheless , I went through the motions.”
Summary: What are Transitions?
Define transition in literature: In summation, transitions are words are phrases that are used to connect thoughts or ideas together in a manner that helps the writing flow for the reader to limit confused or misunderstanding.
Final Example:
In Erik Larson’s The Devil in the White City , he uses the transition word however in order to show contrast between two ideas:
- “Yes, he said, he was sure of it: The man in the photograph had come to his hotel…It was the children, however , that he remembered the most clearly, and now he told the detectives why.
![transition in essay definition The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill](https://writingcenter.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/346/2018/08/writingcenterlogo-oneline.png)
Transitions
What this handout is about.
In this crazy, mixed-up world of ours, transitions glue our ideas and our essays together. This handout will introduce you to some useful transitional expressions and help you employ them effectively.
The function and importance of transitions
In both academic writing and professional writing, your goal is to convey information clearly and concisely, if not to convert the reader to your way of thinking. Transitions help you to achieve these goals by establishing logical connections between sentences, paragraphs, and sections of your papers. In other words, transitions tell readers what to do with the information you present to them. Whether single words, quick phrases, or full sentences, they function as signs that tell readers how to think about, organize, and react to old and new ideas as they read through what you have written.
Transitions signal relationships between ideas—relationships such as: “Another example coming up—stay alert!” or “Here’s an exception to my previous statement” or “Although this idea appears to be true, here’s the real story.” Basically, transitions provide the reader with directions for how to piece together your ideas into a logically coherent argument. Transitions are not just verbal decorations that embellish your paper by making it sound or read better. They are words with particular meanings that tell the reader to think and react in a particular way to your ideas. In providing the reader with these important cues, transitions help readers understand the logic of how your ideas fit together.
Signs that you might need to work on your transitions
How can you tell whether you need to work on your transitions? Here are some possible clues:
- Your instructor has written comments like “choppy,” “jumpy,” “abrupt,” “flow,” “need signposts,” or “how is this related?” on your papers.
- Your readers (instructors, friends, or classmates) tell you that they had trouble following your organization or train of thought.
- You tend to write the way you think—and your brain often jumps from one idea to another pretty quickly.
- You wrote your paper in several discrete “chunks” and then pasted them together.
- You are working on a group paper; the draft you are working on was created by pasting pieces of several people’s writing together.
Organization
Since the clarity and effectiveness of your transitions will depend greatly on how well you have organized your paper, you may want to evaluate your paper’s organization before you work on transitions. In the margins of your draft, summarize in a word or short phrase what each paragraph is about or how it fits into your analysis as a whole. This exercise should help you to see the order of and connection between your ideas more clearly.
If after doing this exercise you find that you still have difficulty linking your ideas together in a coherent fashion, your problem may not be with transitions but with organization. For help in this area (and a more thorough explanation of the “reverse outlining” technique described in the previous paragraph), please see the Writing Center’s handout on organization .
How transitions work
The organization of your written work includes two elements: (1) the order in which you have chosen to present the different parts of your discussion or argument, and (2) the relationships you construct between these parts. Transitions cannot substitute for good organization, but they can make your organization clearer and easier to follow. Take a look at the following example:
El Pais , a Latin American country, has a new democratic government after having been a dictatorship for many years. Assume that you want to argue that El Pais is not as democratic as the conventional view would have us believe.
One way to effectively organize your argument would be to present the conventional view and then to provide the reader with your critical response to this view. So, in Paragraph A you would enumerate all the reasons that someone might consider El Pais highly democratic, while in Paragraph B you would refute these points. The transition that would establish the logical connection between these two key elements of your argument would indicate to the reader that the information in paragraph B contradicts the information in paragraph A. As a result, you might organize your argument, including the transition that links paragraph A with paragraph B, in the following manner:
Paragraph A: points that support the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic.
Transition: Despite the previous arguments, there are many reasons to think that El Pais’s new government is not as democratic as typically believed.
Paragraph B: points that contradict the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic.
In this case, the transition words “Despite the previous arguments,” suggest that the reader should not believe paragraph A and instead should consider the writer’s reasons for viewing El Pais’s democracy as suspect.
As the example suggests, transitions can help reinforce the underlying logic of your paper’s organization by providing the reader with essential information regarding the relationship between your ideas. In this way, transitions act as the glue that binds the components of your argument or discussion into a unified, coherent, and persuasive whole.
Types of transitions
Now that you have a general idea of how to go about developing effective transitions in your writing, let us briefly discuss the types of transitions your writing will use.
The types of transitions available to you are as diverse as the circumstances in which you need to use them. A transition can be a single word, a phrase, a sentence, or an entire paragraph. In each case, it functions the same way: First, the transition either directly summarizes the content of a preceding sentence, paragraph, or section or implies such a summary (by reminding the reader of what has come before). Then, it helps the reader anticipate or comprehend the new information that you wish to present.
- Transitions between sections: Particularly in longer works, it may be necessary to include transitional paragraphs that summarize for the reader the information just covered and specify the relevance of this information to the discussion in the following section.
- Transitions between paragraphs: If you have done a good job of arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, the transition will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence. Transitions can be at the end of the first paragraph, at the beginning of the second paragraph, or in both places.
- Transitions within paragraphs: As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act as cues by helping readers to anticipate what is coming before they read it. Within paragraphs, transitions tend to be single words or short phrases.
Transitional expressions
Effectively constructing each transition often depends upon your ability to identify words or phrases that will indicate for the reader the kind of logical relationships you want to convey. The table below should make it easier for you to find these words or phrases. Whenever you have trouble finding a word, phrase, or sentence to serve as an effective transition, refer to the information in the table for assistance. Look in the left column of the table for the kind of logical relationship you are trying to express. Then look in the right column of the table for examples of words or phrases that express this logical relationship.
Keep in mind that each of these words or phrases may have a slightly different meaning. Consult a dictionary or writer’s handbook if you are unsure of the exact meaning of a word or phrase.
also, in the same way, just as … so too, likewise, similarly | |
but, however, in spite of, on the one hand … on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary, still, yet | |
first, second, third, … next, then, finally | |
after, afterward, at last, before, currently, during, earlier, immediately, later, meanwhile, now, recently, simultaneously, subsequently, then | |
for example, for instance, namely, specifically, to illustrate | |
even, indeed, in fact, of course, truly | |
above, adjacent, below, beyond, here, in front, in back, nearby, there | |
accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus | |
additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, then | |
finally, in a word, in brief, briefly, in conclusion, in the end, in the final analysis, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, to sum up, in summary |
You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Definition of Transition
Common locations of transitions, 1. between sections, 2. between paragraphs, 3. within paragraphs, examples of transition, example #1:, example #2:, example #3:, example #4:, example #5:, example #6:, example #7:, example #8:, example #9:, example #10:, example #11:, function of transition, post navigation.
- Literary Terms
Transitions
I. what are transitions.
Transitions are words or phrases that tell readers that a new thought, paragraph, or section is coming. They are key ingredients that keep writing clear and organized. Without transitions, writing can be disorganized and confusing.
In paragraphs, transitions move readers from idea to another. In essays and reports, transitions move the reader from one paragraph to another, while other transitions move us from one section to another in the paper. Transitions are like road signs, showing the way to go. They’re also referred to as bridges; connecting ideas.
II. Examples of Transitions
Basic transitions that we learn when first writing are words such as first, second, finally, for example, however, although. These are used within paragraphs to organize thoughts. They move sentences in an organized manner.
The next set of transitions we usually learn are transition sentences. These connect paragraphs. An example would be the following paragraphs. The last sentence in the first paragraph uses the word “goal” to connect the paragraphs; this word is used again in the first sentence of the second paragraph. Combined with “then,” this sentence is the transition sentence, connecting the two paragraphs.
First of all, you need to think about your ultimate goal. Do you want to go into a professional job, or are you interested in academics/research? For most professional careers, a master’s would be sufficient. For those whose goals are in academics and research, you’ll want to go on to the PhD. Then , you need to figure out which school would best help you reach your goal . Get on the web and check out schools in areas you would like to go – if you are looking for help with tuition, also check for schools with graduate assistantships (teaching or research).
III. Types of Transitions
There are three main types of transitions depending on the circumstance. A few examples are listed with each.
a. Transition words
These words connect ideas and thoughts. Generally, they’re used to help make paragraphs flow.
- Causal – Consequently, Being that, Providing that, As a result of
- Additive – Indeed, Such as, Furthermore, Furthermore
- Sequential – Initially, Subsequently, Secondly, As a final point
- Adversative – However, Nevertheless, Either way, Despite this,
b. Transition sentences
These sentences or phrases will connect one paragraph to another. It’s important to make sure your reader can follow your ideas, so using a repeating phrase from the previous sentence or restating the basic ideas of the paragraph will show how the paragraphs are related.
- …This is why using a can of air to clean your keyboard is the safest way to get all the debris out from under the keys.
Once you have the keyboard cleaned of all debris , then you can start working on the monitor.
c. Transition paragraphs
Transition paragraphs are when you have a large report with many sections. The reader has to process a lot of information throughout the work, so may get confused. Transition paragraphs would be in between sections, leaving the reader with the most information restated, somewhat like a summary paragraph, except that as it reviews information already stated, it will also preview new information coming up.
IV. The Importance of Transitions
Have you ever had a friend who talked quickly, jumping from one topic to the next? The conversation was probably confusing and tough to follow. This is what writing is like without transitions. It’s difficult to follow the ideas and important points if there are no transitions to connect them.
Transitions are extremely important. Without clues that a new thought or idea is ahead, articles, essays, and reports would be hard to understand. They guide the reader through the steps of the written piece, leading through the ideas. For instance, transitions help make the leap from one thought to another, showing how they are connected.
V. How to Use Transitions
When students are told to put transitions in their papers, they’re often confused and unsure what to do, but it’s not very difficult to use transitions. To see where transitions should go, it might help to start with an outline or web organizer. Organizing your information into groups will let you identify where you should use transitions.
As you put ideas together into paragraphs, you start with the main idea. The supporting details that prove the main idea need to be separated somehow, so that readers know when the writer is moving on to a new detail. These supporting details will have a transition to indicate they are a new concept. The examples that illustrate the supporting details also need transitions to guide the reader. The paragraph below breaks down how to use transitions within a paragraph.
Writing requires organization based on the purpose of the paper you are writing . First , you need to figure out your audience – who will be reading your paper. For example , maybe you want to reach people who smoke. Second , once you know your audience, then you need to decide how to organize your ideas, such as cause and effect or problem and solution. For instance , you need to think about which tactic would be best to get your point across. Finally , once you start writing, figure out what transitions will work best. To be specific , you need to make sure you use transitions that fit the purpose for a cause and effect relationship or problem and solution.
To transition from one paragraph to another, the concluding idea of one can lead to the main idea of the next, or the main idea can refer back to the concluding sentence of the previous paragraph. This sentence is referred to as the transition sentence.
VI. When to Use Transitions
Transitions should be used any time ideas are beginning, changing, advancing, or ending, or if the information needs a more clear connection. They should always be used to help the reader understand how two or more ideas are related.
Transitions should always be used in any kind of academic writing, such as research papers, essays, and reports. Most business letters and writing also need good transitions to ensure information and ideas are being presented clearly. Narrative essays , plays, poems, books, and short stories, etc., may not use transitions in a clear manner, since they are telling a story. The plot events and dialogue will move the story more than the explicit use of transitions.
VII. Examples of Transitions in Pop Culture
One of the newest phenomenon in today’s pop culture is YouTube. You can find videos of your favorite songs (even really really old ones!), movie clips, and videos of normal people posting images from their normal life. Teachers have taken to YouTube to help students learn more about their topic, such as this teacher who made his own rap song about transitions as a parody of Kesha’s song “Tik Tok.”
![transition in essay definition Tik Tok Transition Song](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/WqsN4IQwz2I/0.jpg)
Songs are like stories, so don’t use a lot of explicit transitions, but the use of a chorus (those words that are repeated throughout the song) act as transition paragraphs to connect verses. This song “Seasons” by Future Islands has a couple transitions: “As it breaks” leads us into summer’s arrival, while the use of “but” transitions into the opposite season, winter.
![transition in essay definition Future Islands - Seasons - Lyrics on Screen](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/6VwloUPhIUk/0.jpg)
VIII. Examples of Transitions in Literature
Jane Austen’s books have become popular in the last couple decades, with most of them having been made into movies. “Pride and Prejudice,” which she wrote in 1813, was made into a movie starring Kiera Knightly. People of all ages enjoyed this look at historical romance. Austen uses transitions in her books to help move the story along, just as any writer needs.
With a book he was regardless of time; and on the present occasion he had a good deal of curiosity as to the event of an evening which had raised such splendid expectations. He had rather hoped that his wife’s views on the stranger would be disappointed ; but he soon found out that he had a different story to hear . Oh! My dear Mr. Bennet,” as she entered the room, “we have had a most delightful evening , a most excellent ball. I wish you had been there. Jane was so admired, nothing could be like it. Everybody said how well she looked; and Mr. Bingley thought her quite beautiful, and danced with her twice!” (Chapter 3).
The use of “soon found out” and a “different story to hear” alert the reader that the next paragraph will change direction to information about the ball. The fact that he hoped she would be disappointed is contrasted with “most delightful evening” and reminds us of his thoughts. The words “as she entered” lets us know that she has just returned. These words are all part of transition sentences, guiding the reader from one scene to another in the story.
IX. Related Terms
Conjunction.
Conjunctions are a type of speech that connect words, sentences, clauses, or phrases to other parts of the sentence. They are also called joiners. Common conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.
A bridge is used to connect two roadways. Without a bridge, cars and people may be lost in the river. Just as a bridge connects the roads to keep traffic going, transitions connect ideas and concepts to keep the reader on “the road” as they make their way through articles and other written materials. We also use the term in writing sometimes, when we talk about creating a bridge between ideas.
X. Conclusion
Transitions are helpful and important in good writing. Students get frustrated when teachers write, “Needs transitions,” but with a little review and thought, they can easily be learned. Remember that just as bridges connect roadways, transitions connect thoughts and ideas.
List of Terms
- Alliteration
- Amplification
- Anachronism
- Anthropomorphism
- Antonomasia
- APA Citation
- Aposiopesis
- Autobiography
- Bildungsroman
- Characterization
- Circumlocution
- Cliffhanger
- Comic Relief
- Connotation
- Deus ex machina
- Deuteragonist
- Doppelganger
- Double Entendre
- Dramatic irony
- Equivocation
- Extended Metaphor
- Figures of Speech
- Flash-forward
- Foreshadowing
- Intertextuality
- Juxtaposition
- Literary Device
- Malapropism
- Onomatopoeia
- Parallelism
- Pathetic Fallacy
- Personification
- Point of View
- Polysyndeton
- Protagonist
- Red Herring
- Rhetorical Device
- Rhetorical Question
- Science Fiction
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
- Synesthesia
- Turning Point
- Understatement
- Urban Legend
- Verisimilitude
- Essay Guide
- Cite This Website
Transitions
Transitions between paragraphs.
While within-paragraph transitions serve the purpose of alerting readers of upcoming shifts in perspective or voice , between-paragraph transitions serve the unique purpose of alerting readers of upcoming shifts in argument or idea . Because one of the core rules of effective paragraph-writing is limiting each paragraph to only one controlling idea (see the Basic Paragraph Resource Center lesson), shifts in argument or idea only tend to happen between paragraphs within the academic essay.
There are literally dozens of transition words to choose from when shifting focus from one idea to another. There are transition words that show cause and effect, contrast, similarity, emphasis, and even sequence. To give you a general idea of the options available to you, below are examples of just a few of those categories and word combinations:
![transition in essay definition This is a table of Transition Words in English. Transition Words of Emphasis: undoubtedly, unquestionably, obviously, especially, clearly, importantly, absolutely, definitely, without a doubt, indeed, and it should be noted. Transition Words of Addition: along with, apart from this, moreover, furthermore, also, too, as well as that, besides, in addition. Transition Words of Contrast: unlike, nevertheless, on the other hand, nonetheless, contrary to, whereas, alternatively, conversely, even so, differing from. Transition Words of Order: following, at this time, previously, finally, subsequently, above all, before.](https://content.byui.edu/wimg-1-6-9-1.png)
With so many available options, you may be wondering how you will ever be able to figure out which word or set of words would work best where.
Guiding Questions
While there are many approaches you could take, let’s take a look at a few basic guiding questions you should be asking yourself as you look over your own essay and create your own between-paragraph transitions:
- What is the purpose of this paragraph? Is it to introduce, inform, persuade, address an opposing viewpoint, revisit or add emphasis to already discussed ideas?
- Does the idea I’m sharing in this paragraph relate to or support any other idea or argument shared within the essay up to this point?
- Does the idea I’m sharing in this paragraph present a different viewpoint or idea?
- Is the idea I’m sharing separate from or dependent upon other ideas being shared within the essay?
Your answer to these four basic questions should help you more easily identify which categories of transition words might work best at the beginning of each of your paragraphs.
A Couple Tips to Get Started
Selecting proper transitions takes time and practice. To get you started on the right foot though, here are a couple tips to point you in the right direction:
- Your body paragraphs would likely benefit most from the Addition and Order transition word categories as they tend to string together related or culminating ideas or arguments
- Your concluding paragraph would likely benefit most from the Emphasis word category as one of its primary objectives is to revisit and re-emphasize major ideas presented in the essay
To see the power of an appropriately-used transition in action, let’s consider the following prompt question example. Imagine you were asked to write an essay based on the following prompt:
- Do you believe that people have a specific “calling” in life? Why or why not?
A possible thesis statement (or answer to that prompt question) might be::
- My spiritual study, secular study, and my own life experience has taught me that life callings tend to emerge not just once, but perhaps even multiple times, at crossway of spiritual gifts and need in the world.
Ponder and Record
- Based on the thesis statement above, how many body paragraphs do you think this essay will need to have?
- What controlling ideas (or arguments) might each body paragraph be engaging?
- Are these arguments in any way related to each other or building on each other?
- How might these body paragraphs benefit from transition words in the Addition or Order categories?
Body Paragraph Transitions
In answering the questions above, you likely realized that three body paragraphs will be required in this essay based on its current thesis statement. One body paragraph will focus on “spiritual” findings, another on “secular,” and then finally one supported by “personal experience.”
You also likely realized that the Addition transition word category cannot be applied to the first body paragraph as no arguments have been made yet that can be added to. This means that the first body paragraph would likely benefit most from a transition word selected from the Order category. An example of this in application might look like the following:
Body Paragraph #1 Topic Sentence
Above all, my spiritual study of the scriptures as well as the words of latter-day prophets have supported my belief that life callings emerge at the intersection of spiritual gifts and need in the world.
- What does the selection of the transitional phrase “above all” suggest about the controlling idea that will be discussed in this paragraph?
- What does it suggest about the ideas that will follow in subsequent paragraphs?
To see more “between-paragraph” transition words in action, let’s look at what the next body paragraph topic sentence might look like with the added benefit of transition words:
Body Paragraph #2 Topic Sentence
In addition to my spiritual study, my secular study of the “life calling” also supports this idea that life callings emerge again and again at the intersection of spiritual gifts and need in the world.
- What is the transitional phrase used in the topic sentence above?
- Which list is the transitional phrase “in addition” drawn from?
- What purpose does it serve in this paragraph? How does it add value?
To really emphasize the value-add of between-paragraph transitions, let’s look at one final body paragraph example:
Body Paragraph #3 Topic Sentence
Finally, my own life experience has taught me that the concept of the “life calling” truly does lie at the intersection of gifts and need in the world.
- Which list is the transitional phrase “finally” drawn from?
Concluding Paragraph
As mentioned above, the category of transition words that would most benefit your concluding paragraph is Emphasis . Since one of the main purposes of the concluding paragraph is to revisit ideas shared within the essay, transition words that express emphasis would be a natural fit and value-add. To see the power of this addition, feel free to examine the example below:
Concluding Paragraph Example
Without a doubt, I have come to realize over the years that a life calling is so much more than simply acting on a single moment in time— it is developing gifts and talents and constantly reassessing what value-add those gifts and talents can bring to the world at that particular moment.
- What transitional phrase is used in the above concluding paragraph topic sentence?
- How does the addition of “without a doubt” add emphasis to the conclusion? How does its addition help fulfill one of the concluding paragraph’s primary purposes?
Within-paragraph and between-paragraph transitions are truly the best ways to alert readers to upcoming changes in perspective and voice as well as argument or idea. As you write and then review your own writing, really try to consider which transition words would best help you create the most powerful and organized experience for your readers.
![transition in essay definition English Language](https://www.smart-words.org/logo.png)
Transition Words
As a "part of speech" transition words are used to link words, phrases or sentences. They help the reader to progress from one idea (expressed by the author) to the next idea. Thus, they help to build up coherent relationships within the text.
Transitional Words
This structured list of commonly used English transition words — approximately 200, can be considered as quasi complete. It can be used (by students and teachers alike) to find the right expression. English transition words are essential, since they not only connect ideas, but also can introduce a certain shift, contrast or opposition, emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or conclusion, etc. in the line of argument. The transition words and phrases have been assigned only once to somewhat artificial categories, although some words belong to more than one category.
There is some overlapping with prepositions and postpositions, but for the purpose of usage and completeness of this concise guide, I did not differentiate.
Linking & Connecting Words — Part 1/2
Agreement / Addition / Similarity
Opposition / limitation / contradiction, examples / support / emphasis, cause / condition / purpose, effect / consequence / result, conclusion / summary / restatement, time / chronology / sequence, space / location / place.
The transition words like also, in addition, and, likewise , add information , reinforce ideas , and express agreement with preceding material.
in the first place
not only ... but also
as a matter of fact
in like manner
in addition
coupled with
in the same fashion / way
first, second, third
in the light of
not to mention
to say nothing of
equally important
by the same token
identically
together with
comparatively
correspondingly
furthermore
additionally
Transition phrases like but , rather and or , express that there is evidence to the contrary or point out alternatives , and thus introduce a change the line of reasoning ( contrast ).
although this may be true
in contrast
different from
of course ..., but
on the other hand
on the contrary
at the same time
in spite of
even so / though
be that as it may
(and) still
even though
nevertheless
nonetheless
notwithstanding
These transitional phrases present specific conditions or intentions .
in the event that
granted (that)
as / so long as
on (the) condition (that)
for the purpose of
with this intention
with this in mind
in the hope that
to the end that
for fear that
in order to
seeing / being that
provided that
only / even if
inasmuch as
These transitional devices (like especially ) are used to introduce examples as support , to indicate importance or as an illustration so that an idea is cued to the reader.
in other words
to put it differently
for one thing
as an illustration
in this case
for this reason
to put it another way
that is to say
with attention to
by all means
important to realize
another key point
first thing to remember
most compelling evidence
must be remembered
point often overlooked
to point out
on the positive side
on the negative side
specifically
surprisingly
significantly
particularly
in particular
for example
for instance
to demonstrate
to emphasize
to enumerate
Some of these transition words ( thus, then, accordingly, consequently, therefore, henceforth ) are time words that are used to show that after a particular time there was a consequence or an effect .
Note that for and because are placed before the cause/reason. The other devices are placed before the consequences or effects.
as a result
under those circumstances
in that case
because the
consequently
accordingly
These transition words and phrases conclude , summarize and / or restate ideas, or indicate a final general statement . Also some words (like therefore ) from the Effect / Consequence category can be used to summarize.
as can be seen
generally speaking
in the final analysis
all things considered
as shown above
in the long run
given these points
as has been noted
for the most part
in conclusion
to summarize
by and large
on the whole
in any event
in either case
These transitional words (like finally ) have the function of limiting, restricting, and defining time . They can be used either alone or as part of adverbial expressions .
at the present time
from time to time
sooner or later
up to the present time
to begin with
in due time
in the meantime
in a moment
without delay
all of a sudden
at this instant
first, second
immediately
straightaway
by the time
occasionally
Many transition words in the time category ( consequently; first, second, third; further; hence; henceforth; since; then, when; and whenever ) have other uses.
Except for the numbers ( first, second, third ) and further they add a meaning of time in expressing conditions, qualifications, or reasons. The numbers are also used to add information or list examples . Further is also used to indicate added space as well as added time.
These transition words are often used as part of adverbial expressions and have the function to restrict, limit or qualify space . Quite a few of these are also found in the Time category and can be used to describe spatial order or spatial reference.
in the middle
to the left/right
in front of
on this side
in the distance
here and there
in the foreground
in the background
in the center of
adjacent to
opposite to
List of Transition Words
![transition in essay definition Transition Words & Phrases](https://www.smart-words.org/transition-words.png)
Transition Words are also sometimes called (or put in the category of) Connecting Words. Please feel free to download them via this link to the category page: Linking Words & Connecting Words as a PDF. It contains all the transition words listed on this site. The image to the left gives you an impression how it looks like.
Usage of Transition Words in Essays
Transition words and phrases are vital devices for essays , papers or other literary compositions. They improve the connections and transitions between sentences and paragraphs. They thus give the text a logical organization and structure (see also: a List of Synonyms ).
All English transition words and phrases (sometimes also called 'conjunctive adverbs') do the same work as coordinating conjunctions : they connect two words, phrases or clauses together and thus the text is easier to read and the coherence is improved.
Usage: transition words are used with a special rule for punctuation : a semicolon or a period is used after the first 'sentence', and a comma is almost always used to set off the transition word from the second 'sentence'.
Example 1: People use 43 muscles when they frown; however, they use only 28 muscles when they smile.
Example 2: however, transition words can also be placed at the beginning of a new paragraph or sentence - not only to indicate a step forward in the reasoning, but also to relate the new material to the preceding thoughts..
Use a semicolon to connect sentences, only if the group of words on either side of the semicolon is a complete sentence each (both must have a subject and a verb, and could thus stand alone as a complete thought).
Further helpful readings about expressions, writing and grammar: Compilation of Writing Tips How to write good ¦ Correct Spelling Study by an English University
Are you using WORD for writing professional texts and essays? There are many easy Windows Shortcuts available which work (almost) system-wide (e.g. in every programm you use).
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The Power of Transition Words: How they connect and clarify your academic writing
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Academic writing demands clear communication of ideas to facilitate the exchange of knowledge, and to ensure that information is conveyed accurately and comprehensively. It serves as a vehicle for critical thinking, analysis, and synthesis, allowing scholars to contribute meaningfully to their fields of study. By employing suitable analogies and metaphors, writers can better understand the significance of their craft and strive to hone their skills in order to contribute meaningfully to the academic community. Let’s understand how we can achieve excellence in academic writing by using transition words.
What Are Transition Words?
Transition words are words or phrases that help establish connections between sentences, paragraphs, or ideas in a piece of writing. They act as bridges, guiding readers through the logical flow of information and signalling relationships between different parts of the text. Furthermore, they provide coherence and cohesion to your writing by clarifying the relationships between ideas, adding structure, and improving the overall readability.
Download this FREE infographic and make appropriate use of every transition word to enhance your academic writing.
Role of Transition Words in Effective Academic Writing
Transition words play a crucial role in enhancing clarity and coherence in academic writing. They act as linguistic signposts that guide readers through the text, helping them understand the relationships between ideas, and ensuring a smooth flow of information. The primary roles of these words in enhancing clarity and coherence can be summarized as follows:
![transition in essay definition transition words](https://www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/SmartImage_V4-4.png)
A. Improving Readability and Comprehension
By facilitating smooth transitions and organizing information effectively, these words enhance the readability and comprehension of academic writing. They help readers navigate through complex texts, understand complex ideas, and follow the structure of the argument. Transition words facilitate reader navigation and comprehension, enhancing the reading experience with increased engagement and accessibility.
B. Organizing Thoughts and Paragraphs
Transition words assist in organizing thoughts and structuring the content of an academic paper. They provide a framework for presenting ideas in a coherent and systematic manner. By indicating sequence, order, or cause and effect relationships, these words help writers create a logical flow that guides readers smoothly from one point to the next. They enable the construction of well-organized paragraphs and facilitate the development of cohesive arguments.
C. Clarifying and Emphasizing
Transition words contribute to the clarity and precision of academic writing. They help define terms, rephrase or restate ideas, and provide necessary explanations. Additionally, they aid in emphasizing key points and drawing attention to important information. By strategically utilizing these words, writers can guarantee clear understanding of their ideas and effective conveyance of the intended message to the reader.
D. Coherence and Cohesion
Transition words are instrumental in creating coherence and cohesion within an academic paper. Coherence refers to the logical and smooth progression of ideas, while cohesion refers to the interconnectedness and unity of the text. They act as cohesive devices, linking sentences and paragraphs together and establishing a cohesive flow of information. They strengthen the logical connections between ideas, prevent abrupt shifts, and enable readers to follow the writer’s argument effortlessly.
E. Connecting Ideas
Transition words bridge the gap between sentences, paragraphs, and sections of an academic paper. They establish logical connections, indicating how ideas are related and allowing readers to follow the author’s train of thought. Whether showing addition, similarity, contrast, or example, these words help readers navigate between concepts and comprehend the overall message more effectively.
Types of Transition Words in Academic Writing
The types of transition words vary based on the situations where you can use them to enhance the effectiveness of your academic writing.
1. Addition
“Addition” transition words are used to introduce additional information or ideas that support or supplement the main point being discussed. They serve to expand upon the topic, provide further evidence, or present examples that strengthen your claims.
Examples of Addition Transition Words:
- Furthermore, the study not only analyzed the effects of X but also examined the impact of Y.
- Moreover, the results not only confirmed the initial hypothesis but also revealed additional insights.
- Additionally, previous research has shown consistent findings, strengthening the validity of our study.
2. Comparison and Contrast
“Comparison and Contrast” transition words are used in academic writing when you want to highlight similarities, differences, or relationships between different concepts, ideas, or findings. They help to establish clear connections and facilitate the comparison and contrast of various elements within your research.
Examples of Comparison and Contrast Transition Words:
- Similarly, other researchers have reported comparable findings, corroborating the generalizability of our results.
- In contrast, previous studies have demonstrated consistent patterns, reinforcing the existing body of knowledge.
- In comparison, the current study offers a unique perspective by examining the relationship from a different angle.
3. Cause and Effect
“Cause and Effect” transition words are used when you want to demonstrate the relationship between a cause and its resulting effect or consequence. They help to clarify the cause-and-effect relationship, allowing readers to understand the connections between different variables, events, or phenomena.
Examples of Cause and Effect Transition Words:
- As a result, the data provides compelling evidence for a causal relationship between X and Y.
- Consequently, the hypothesis can be supported by the observed patterns in the collected data.
- Hence, the proposed model is validated, given the consistent and statistically significant results.
4. Example and Illustration
“Example and Illustration” transition words are used when you want to provide specific instances, evidence, or illustrations to support and clarify your main points or arguments. These words help to make your ideas more tangible and concrete by presenting real-life examples or specific cases.
Examples of “Example and Illustration” Transition Words:
- For example, one study conducted by Jackson et al. (2018) demonstrated a similar phenomenon in a different context.
- To illustrate this point, consider the case of Company X, which experienced similar challenges in implementing the proposed strategy.
- In particular, the data highlights the importance of considering demographic factors, such as age and gender, in the analysis.
5. Sequence and Chronology
“Sequence and Chronology” transition words are used in academic research papers when you want to indicate the order, progression, or sequence of events, ideas, or processes. These words help to organize information in a logical and coherent manner, ensuring that readers can follow the chronological flow of your research.
Examples of “Sequence and Chronology” Transition Words:
- First and foremost, the study aims to examine the long-term effects of intervention X on outcome Y.
- Subsequently, the participants were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group.
- Finally, the data analysis revealed significant temporal trends that require further investigation.
6. Clarification and Restatement
“Clarification and Restatement” transition words are used in academic writing when you want to provide further explanation, clarify a point, or restate an idea in a different way. These words ensure that readers understand your arguments and ideas clearly, avoiding any ambiguity or confusion.
Examples of “Clarification and Restatement” Transition Words:
- In other words, the phenomenon can be explained by the interplay of various psychological and environmental factors.
- Specifically, the term “efficiency” refers to the ability to achieve maximum output with minimum resource utilization.
- To clarify, the concept of “sustainability” encompasses the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of development.
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7. Emphasis
“Emphasis” transition words are used when you want to place special emphasis on certain points, ideas, or findings. These words help to draw attention to key information, highlight the significance of particular aspects, or underscore the importance of your arguments.
Examples of Emphasis Transition Words:
- Notably, this study addresses a significant gap in the existing literature.
- Importantly, the findings have implications for future policy decisions.
- In particular, the study examined the relationship between age and cognitive performance.
8. Summary and Conclusion
“Summary and Conclusion” transition words are employed in academic writing when you want to provide a concise summary of the main points discussed in your paper and draw a conclusion based on the findings or arguments presented. These help to signal the end of your paper and provide closure to your research.
Examples of “Summary and Conclusion” Transition Words
- In conclusion, the findings unequivocally support the initial hypothesis, emphasizing the significance of the proposed theory.
- Overall, the results indicate a consistent pattern, providing a foundation for future research in this area.
- In summary, this research makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature by extending our understanding of the topic.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Transition Words in Academic Writing
When using transition words in academic writing, it’s important to be mindful of common mistakes to ensure that your writing remains clear, cohesive, and effective.
![transition in essay definition transition words mistakes](https://www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/transitionwords-1600x1600-1-1.png)
1. Overusing Transition Words
Using too many transition words can make your writing appear cluttered and disrupt the flow of your ideas. Avoid overloading your sentences or paragraphs with excessive transitions. Instead, use them strategically to enhance clarity and coherence.
2. Using Inappropriate or Irrelevant Transitions
Choose transition words that are appropriate for the context and purpose of your writing. Avoid using them when they don’t align with the relationship between the ideas you are connecting. Ensure that the transitions you use are relevant and contribute to the overall coherence of your writing.
3. Neglecting Proofreading and Editing
As with any aspect of writing, proofreading and editing are crucial when using transition words. Carefully review your writing to ensure that you use transitions correctly and effectively. Look for any inconsistencies, redundancies, or errors in your use of transitions and make necessary revisions.
4. Failing to Understand the Meaning
It’s important to understand the precise meaning and usage of transition words before incorporating them into your writing. Using a transition word incorrectly or inappropriately can lead to confusion or misinterpretation. Therefore, it is important to consult reliable resources or style guides to familiarize yourself with the correct usage of each of these words.
5. Neglecting the Logical Flow
Transition words should help guide the reader through your writing and create a logical flow of ideas. Failing to use appropriate transitions can result in a disjointed or fragmented presentation. Ensure that your transitions establish clear connections and maintain the coherence of your writing.
6. Relying Only on Transition Words
While transition words are valuable tools, they should not replace effective writing and organization. Relying solely on transitions to connect your ideas can lead to weak or poorly structured writing. Focus on developing strong topic sentences, clear paragraph organization, and logical progression of ideas alongside the use of these words.
7. Ignoring Sentence Variety
Use transition words to enhance the variety and sophistication of your sentence structures. Avoid using the same words repeatedly, as this can make your writing monotonous. Instead, explore different transitions that convey the specific relationships between your ideas.
In essence, the strategic use of transition words is a powerful tool that connects and clarifies your academic writing. Furthermore, it elevates your work from a mere collection of ideas to a cohesive, well-structured, and thought-provoking piece of scholarship. By mastering the art of using these words effectively, you can enhance the impact of your academic writing and contribute meaningfully to your field of study.
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Encyclopedia
Writing with artificial intelligence, transitions – transition words – transitional phases.
- © 2023 by Joseph M. Moxley - Professor of English - USF , Barbara McLain - The Out-of-Door Academy
Transitions are a lifeline for readers, listeners, users —a kind of conceptual superglue . Transition words and traditional phrases are crucial to helping audiences keep track of the author's reasoning and purposes for writing. Learn to identify when transitions are warranted in your work and the work of others. Distinguish between effective and ineffective transitions.
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What are Transitions? Transition Words? Transition Phrases?
Transitions, Transition Words , Transitional Phases—these terms concern authors’ efforts to design the flow of information in a text in ways that promote clarity , brevity , simplicity , flow , unity for readers, listeners, users .
Accomplished writers understand interpretation is challenging. They understand readers can lose track of the big picture—the writer’s purpose , thesis , research question . Thus, when revising and editing , writers are careful to check the flow of information across words , sentences , paragraphs . They seek to identify and rewrite choppy spots in their writing when readers ask, “Why am I being given this information? So What? How does this relate to what’s been said thus far?”
Transitions refers to
- the act of shifting the focus in discourse from one idea, process, state, experience to something new
- the convention that writers address information literacy practices and perspectives when they cite textual evidence or empirical evidence
- efforts to clarify a text’s organizational schema,
Transition Words & Phrases are words and phrases (aka signs or signposts) that writers and speakers use to help their readers, listeners, or users understand the flow of information across a text .
Transitional Words refers to elements of spoken and written language (e.g., words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and sections) that authors use to help audiences understand the flow of information across a text .
- Transitions may be referred to as sticky points, wounds, seques, gaps
- Transition Words may also be referred to as transitional language , linking language, explanatory language, metalanguage, pivoting, signposting
Related Concepts: Communication ; Information Architecture ; Organization ; Organizational Schema; Rhetorical Analysis ; Rhetorical Reasoning ; Unity
Why Do Transitions Matter?
For readers, listeners, users , transitions are a lifeline —a kind of conceptual superglue . Transition words are crucial to helping audiences keep track of the author’s reasoning and purpose for writing.
At any given moment, people experience a tsunami of information coming at them at warp speed. When reading or listening, people may be distracted by any number of other things—an email, a plane flying overhead, a social media post, a poignant memory, a stock market crash. Their own personal concerns or a nudge from social media may get them off task in a jiffy.
Writers and speakers use transitions to keep the audience’s focus on their narrative , thesis , research question , hypothesis.
Function of Transition Words & Transitional Phrases
Transition words and transition phrases may be categorized by their rhetorical function —aim of discourse, as illustrated in Table 1 below.
(aka ) | |
1. | You might first conclude . . . Please consider the possibility that . . . As you recall . . . Consider now . . . |
To begin…next…furthermore… First, second, third… | |
3. | More importantly Without doubt Surprisingly, Astonishingly, Most unusually Remarkably , Pierre did not actually know how to throw his voice. |
4. | Elmer plotted his escape; Pierre imagined sweet freedom. |
5. | For example, For instance, In fact Additionally, Also Similarly In other words, For instance Pierre had a habit of failing to plan. , when he robbed the local tractor supply store, he took the bus instead of obtaining a getaway car. he wore his rugby uniform to the heist, which was emblazoned with his name |
6. | If…then Consequently However Furthermore Hence As a result On the other hand… In contrast Nonetheless Still While |
7. | Perhaps We may conclude Possibly This suggest It may seem |
8. ) | Above, below, alongside in front, in back there Elmer engaged in a tryst with the night guard. he was able to wrest from her a promise to be his co-conspirator. Elmer slipped stealthily from his cell. , his paramour pretended not to notice. |
9. | a betrayal on the part of his lover, Elmer even concocted a backup plan. |
10. | Finally, In conclusion, Thus To summarize As a result As I have demonstrated |
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Best Transition Words for Essays
The best transition words are the ones that best match your rhetorical situation .
In order to identify the best transition words for an essay you are writing, you should first engage in rhetorical analysis and rhetorical reasoning . Subsequently, you can then make rhetorically informed decisions regarding the appropriate persona , tone , and voice you should adopt when you begin your composition .
Sample Questions for Rhetorical Analysis of Transitions
In order to select appropriate transitions and transitional words for your texts , engage in rhetorical analysis . Ask yourself,
- What is my purpose (aka aim) ? What am I attempting to accomplish?
- If so, you may not even need transitions.
- Then you’ll need extensive transitional language to help your readers follow your reasoning.
- Are there any genre considerations or media considerations that inform your readers’ expectations regarding effective or ineffective uses of transitional language ?
Academic Writing Prose Conventions
Transition words in academic essays and academic writing in general tend
- to use formal diction .
- Academic essays often express transitions in paragraph form at the beginning of texts and interspersed between major sections
- to reflect the information literacy perspectives & practices of their intended audiences.
Template for Transitions in Academic Writing
Below are examples of common transitions in academic writing genres.
: | Smith (2022) asserts that a, b, c. , x asserts Similar to Balls’ position, I … |
: | it’s true that__________________, it’s important not to ignore_______________. I agree that_______________; _________________. |
Smith argues_____________; , he doesn’t take into account________________. Smith suggests _______________, others argue________________. | |
Smith’s finding have been replicated by a number of researchers. , _____________ and ________________. Other investigators support Smith’s claims. ___________________. |
Professional Writing Prose Conventions
Transition words in professional writing (aka workplace writing ) are similar to those in academic writing . However, there are a few distinctions: workplace writing tends to rely more on headings and visual language than rely on paragraph-style transitions like those used in academic writing.
Transitions & Invention
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For writers, transitions across topics can spark invention . Sometimes when revising, when looking in between sentences and paragraphs to check them for clarity , writers identify breakdowns in their reasoning or gaps in scholarly conversations or discover entirely new things to say.
How to Edit Transitions & Transition Words
Teachers and critic s write Transition? on texts when they
- They don’t understand why they are being told what they are being told.
- believe a t ransitional word or a transitional phrase is superfluous or used incorrectly (see Brevity )
You will find it helpful to examine your use of transition words if you have been told your organization needs work or that your writing is awkward or choppy .
Step 1: Rhetorical Analysis
First, make sure your transitions are appropriate for the rhetorical situation you are addressing. For example, if you are addressing a loved one in a personal note, you would want to use “also” instead of “moreover.”
Check, in particular, the tone and diction level of your transition words.
Step 2: Textual Analysis
When you revise , edit , or proofread your documents, you should consider whether or not you have provided sufficient transition s and transition words .
- between and within sentences : Transitional words or phrases are used to create connections between sentences, as well as within sentences; both uses enhance the progression of ideas at the sentence level .
- between paragraphs : Transitional sentences are used to create a bridge between paragraphs. These sentences should provide a summary of the main idea of one paragraph and give the reader a clue as to what is coming in the next paragraph (Internal link to: relate paragraphs logically to previous paragraph(s).
- between sections : Transitional paragraphs are used in longer works to summarize the discussion of one section and introduce the reader to the concept(s) presented in the next section.
Also, be sure to double check that you have avoided tedious repetition. Remember, when it comes to transition words, less is more. When possible, you want to vary your transition words.
Example of Unvaried transitional language that creates a primer-like style:
We went to the national mall. Then we visited the Air and Space Museum. Then we stopped for lunch at Jaleo.
Varied transitional language : To start the day, we went to the national mall. After a stroll around the reflecting pool, we visited the Air and Space Museum. When we couldn’t walk another step, we stopped at Jaleo for lunch.
Related Concepts
Transitions, Transition Words, Transitional Language — these concepts are intertwined with information architecture , organizational schema (aka organizational scaffolding), and recent research on cognitive development and learning science theory.
Transitions & Transition Words are a major textual attribute of a reader-based prose style , an academic prose style , and a professional writing prose style (aka workplace writing style).
In contrast, writer-based prose lacks needed transitions and transition words .
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Transition Words (List for Essays, Paragraphs, and Writing)
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In grammar , transition words play a very important role. If used correctly, they can link your ideas, make your paragraphs more coherent, and enhance your writing.
But first – what exactly are transition words and how should you use them ?
What exactly are transition words?
Simply put, transition words are words that basically act as the powerful link that holds your sentences together. They are used to show the relationship between two (or more) phrases, sentences, and even paragraphs.
Transition words improve the flow of your writing, and make it more sensible and easier to read . Words like “and,” “additionally,” “because,” “therefore,” etc. are all transition words. Along with transition words, we also have transition phrases like “as well as,” “for example,” “after all,” etc.
Why are transition words used in a sentence?
1. they are link builders.
Using transition words helps you connect your ideas and thoughts clearly. It helps the reader understand how different ideas logically are related and not get confused. In addition, these words also prepare the readers for what they should expect next.
Let’s consider the following example:
- Shannon couldn’t sleep well last night. Therefore , she drank two cups of coffee before starting her day.
Now, using the transition word “therefore” helped you achieve two things here:
- It told the reader the cause-and-effect relationship between two things
- It described how these sentences are connected and are a part of one process.
From the above example, the reader will understand that Shannon requires two cups of coffee because she couldn’t sleep well last night. These are two different sentences, but they are glued together with the transition word. Remove the transition word and both of these sentences will lose coherency.
2. Transition words help you put your thoughts in a logical order
Organized thoughts are essential elements of clear and concise writing. Writers should ensure that all the points mentioned in a sentence have a logical flow and there should not be any abrupt pauses between them.
Transition words help in introducing sequence or order to your writing. Here’s how:
- First , we will go shopping. Then , we will go to a movie.
Here, we have used two transition words (“first” and “then”) at the beginning of two different sentences. They are used to denote a particular order in which two actions are to be performed.
3. Transition words make your work logical and easy to read
High-quality writing is always clear and easy to understand. It has a logical structure and helps the reader move from one thought to another effortlessly. The simpler the writing, the better the readability!
Transition words are the magic connectors that help you write in clear and plain English.
In both the above-mentioned examples, we have used the transition word at the beginning of the sentences. However, these words can also be used in the middle or at the end of a sense or phrase.
Consider the following sentence, for example:
- I love watching the TV show F.R.I.E.N.D.S because it makes me laugh.
Here, the transition word “because” helps in joining two clauses . It helps the reader understand two things clearly:
- Which TV show does the writer loves watching
- Why do they love watching that particular show
Different categories of transition words
Depending upon their usage and the types of transition a writer wishes to make, transition words are usually divided into multiple categories. There are transition words to show contrast, similarity, examples, and whatnot!
Generally, we have more than one transition word for a particular situation/ transition and so writers can pick the ones according to their liking.
Most of the time, these words mean the same things. However, sometimes they have slightly different meanings. Thus, it is important to understand the meaning and use-case of these words before making your final choice.
Here are some transition word examples according to different categories:
![transition in essay definition Transition words (contrast)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-contrast.png)
When it comes to displaying contrast “but” is the most common transition word. However, it is not the only word. There are several other transition words that you can use to display contrast in your sentences. Some of the common words include:
- On the contrary
- On the other hand
- Despite this
- Nevertheless
More on in contrast transition words .
![transition in essay definition Transition words (example)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-example.png)
The following transition words should be used for showing examples:
- For example
- For instance
- To illustrate
- Specifically
![transition in essay definition Transition words (cause and effect)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-cause.png)
Cause and effect
These transition words are used for denoting the cause-and-effect relationship between two sentences. The common transition words you can use for this are as follows:
- Accordingly
![transition in essay definition Transition words (similarity)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-similarity.png)
Another common use of transition words is to show the similarity between sentences and phrases. Here are some commonly used transition words for denoting the similarity between two sentences:
- In the same way
![transition in essay definition Transition words (time)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-time.png)
For showing different periods, the following transition words should be used:
- Immediately
- Subsequently
![transition in essay definition Transition words (sequence)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-sequence.png)
These transition words also define sequence or time. Here are some common sequence-based transition words that writers can include in their work:
![transition in essay definition Transition words (location)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-location.png)
These transition words are used to connect things based on their location or where they are placed to each other. Here are some of them:
- Adjacent to
![transition in essay definition Transition words (emphasis)](https://grammarbrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/transition-words-emphasis.png)
As the name suggests, emphasis transition words help you in stressing an important point and accentuate your argument. Here are some common emphasis transition words:
These transition words offer huge help when you are drafting the conclusion of your work . Whether you are working on a school essay, summing up an idea, or working on your blog, conclusion transition words are an integral part of all kinds of writing.
Here are some common conclusion transition words that writers can use to simplify their writing:
- In conclusion
- To sum it up
- On the whole
More on conclusion transition words .
Do transition words actually make a difference?
The main purpose of transition words is to make clunky, confusing, and disjointed sentences smooth , logical, and coherent. These words must be used to improve the flow of sentences and make your paper more engaging.
When trying to write in plain English, using appropriate transition words wherever possible can make a significant positive impact.
Writers must avoid making abrupt pauses or jumping from one sentence to another illogically. Instead, it is recommended to use transition words to establish an organizational flow in your work.
But the question is – do transition words actually work?
Let’s consider the following sentences – with and without the transition word – and see the difference:
- Jess is going back home for three months. He needs two big bags to carry all his belongings.
While there is nothing wrong with these two sentences, they lack a logical flow. Here’s how using a transition word can improve it.
- Jess is going back home for three months therefore he needs two big bags to carry all his belongings.
- Robin decided to stop studying. She failed high school .
Again, while both of these sentences are grammatically correct, they neither sound good nor logical, There’s an abrupt pause between them. Let’s see how they’ll sound after adding a transition word.
- Robin decided to stop studying. Consequently , she failed high school.
- I could go home. I could stay at the office and finish my work.
Now, these two sentences don’t sound coherent at all. There is something off about them, they lack flow, and they don’t make any logical sense, right? However, once we add a simple transition word between them, they will become so much better. Here’s how:
- I could go home, or I could stay at the office and finish my work.
By adding “or” (a contrast transition word), we linked the sentences. No need to rely on two awkward sentences that are better off as one.
How to use transition words correctly
In order to make a positive difference in your writing, the transition words must be used in a grammatically correct way.
When including transition words in their sentences, writers must remember the following important points:
1. The correct placement: When writing an essay, a blog, or an academic paper, the placement of the transition words plays a crucial role. Writers must plan where they want to place the transition words beforehand and then proceed with writing the sentences.
Generally, transition words can be placed –
- At the beginning of the sentences
- At the end of the sentences
- In the middle of a sentence
2. Use a comma : When using a transition word in the middle of the sentence, it is important to always use a comma (,) before it. Doing so will separate the transition word from the rest of the sentence and give more clarity to your writing.
3. Consider the relationship between two sentences: It is another important tip that every writer must use while including transition words in their writing. Two sentences can have different kinds of relationships. They can be in agreement or disagreement with each other, there can be a cause-and-effect relationship, they can be in chronological order, etc.
Thus, it is crucial to have a clear idea about their relationship before deciding on a transition word.
Key takeaways
In English, using transition words can do wonders for your writing. It can make it more appealing, logical, and clear for the readers. Today, we have learned a lot about transition words and how writers should use them in their work.
Here is a quick summary of everything that we have learned in this article:
- Transition words are words that are used when a writer is transitioning from one point to another.
- They are commonly used as “linking words” that join two or more sentences, phrases, and paragraphs.
- Some common and widely used transition words in English include “also,” “or,” “therefore,” and “thus.”
- There are various categories of transition words and writers can use them depending on the relationship between sentences. Common categories of transition words include – cause-and-effect transition, similarity transition, emphasis transition, contrast transition, and more.
The 10 most commonly used transitional words include the following:
- Furthermore
- Consequently
When using transition words, it is important to strike the correct balance. Overusing transition words can make your work hard to read and reduce its quality.
While you can use multiple transition words in a paragraph, it is recommended to use just one transition word in a sentence.
With SEO becoming more and more important, using the right amount of transition words in your content has become all the more important. Following the best SEO practices and including the ideal amount of transition words in blogs and articles can help in increasing their Google ranking.
Ideally, a writer must ensure that at least 30% of their sentences include transition words. This will go a long way in improving the readability of their content and making it more engaging and simple.
There are several ways to write effective transition sentences . Here are some writing tips that can help writers write effective transition sentences:
- Generally, it is advisable to use transition words at the beginning of your sentences. It helps you introduce the paragraph topic and logically connect the new sentence with the previous one.
- As much as possible, it is advisable to avoid using the transition word “this.” It is because it can make your sentences confusing as it is not always clear what or who “this” refers to. Moreover, many people use pronouns like “this” or “that” as filler words.
The five most common types of transitions include the following:
- Comparison – For example, “similarly”, “likewise,” “in the same way,” etc.
- Contrast – For example, “on the contrary,” “or,” “otherwise,” “however,” etc.
- Emphasis – For example, “in fact,” “above all,” etc.
- Sequence – For example, “first,” “next,” “eventually,” etc.
- Consequence – For example, “accordingly,” “as a result,” “consequently,” etc.
- Wikipedia – Transition
- Yoast SEO – Transition words: why and how to use them
- Your Dictionary – How do I include transition words in my essay
- Writer’s Room – Transition words and phrases
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Dalia Y.: Dalia is an English Major and linguistics expert with an additional degree in Psychology. Dalia has featured articles on Forbes, Inc, Fast Company, Grammarly, and many more. She covers English, ESL, and all things grammar on GrammarBrain.
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Transition words and phrases can help your paper move along, smoothly gliding from one topic to the next. As a result, they come in very handy as you're writing.
Transitions, which connect one idea to the next, may seem challenging at first, but they get easier once you consider the many possible methods for linking paragraphs together—even if they seem to be unrelated.
If you have trouble thinking of a way to connect your paragraphs, consider a few of these 100 top transitions as inspiration. The type of transition words or phrases you use depends on the category of transition you need, as explained below.
Additive Transitions
Probably the most common type, additive transitions are those you use when you want to show that the current point is an addition to the previous one, according to Edusson, a website that provides students with essay-writing tips and advice . Put another way, additive transitions signal to the reader that you are adding to an idea or that your ideas are similar. Follow each transition word or phrase with a comma:
- In the first place
- Furthermore
- Alternatively
- As well (as this)
- What is more
- In addition (to this)
- On the other hand
- Either (neither)
- As a matter of fact
- Besides (this)
- To say nothing of
- Additionally
- Not to mention (this)
- Not only (this) but also (that) as well
- In all honesty
- To tell the truth
Example Additive Transition
An example of additive transitions used in a sentence would be:
" In the first place , no 'burning' in the sense of combustion, as in the burning of wood, occurs in a volcano; moreover , volcanoes are not necessarily mountains; furthermore , the activity takes place not always at the summit but more commonly on the sides or flanks..." – Fred Bullard, "Volcanoes in History, in Theory, in Eruption"
In this example and others in this piece, the transition words or phrases are printed in italics to make them easier to find as you peruse the passages.
Adversative Transitions
Adversative transitions are used to signal conflict, contradiction, concession, and dismissal, according to Michigan State University. Examples include:
- In contrast
- But even so
- Nevertheless
- Nonetheless
- (And) still
- In either case
- (Or) at least
- Whichever happens
- Whatever happens
- In either event
Example Adversative Transition
An example of an adversative transition phrase used in a sentence would be:
" On the other hand, professor Smith completely disagreed with the author's argument."
Causal Transitions
Causal transitions—also called cause-and-effect transitions—show how certain circumstances or events were caused by other factors. Using them helps readers follow the logic of arguments and clauses in your paper. Examples include:
- Accordingly
- As a result
- Consequently
- For this reason
- Granting (that)
- On the condition (that)
- In the event that
- As a result (of this)
- Because (of this)
- As a consequence
- In consequence
- So much (so) that
- For the purpose of
- With this intention
- With this in mind
- Under those circumstances
- That being the case
Example Causal Transition
An example of a causal transition used in a sentence would be:
"The study of human chromosomes is in its infancy, and so it has only recently become possible to study the effect of environmental factors upon them." –Rachel Carson, "Silent Spring"
Sequential Transitions
Sequential transitions express a numerical sequence, continuation, conclusion , digression , resumption, or summation. Here are some examples:
- In the (first, second, third, etc.) place
- To begin with
- To start with
- Subsequently
- To conclude with
- As a final point
- Last but not least
- To change the topic
- Incidentally
- To get back to the point
- As was previously stated
Example Sequential Transition
An example of a sequential transition would be:
"We should teach that words are not the things to which they refer. We should teach that words are best understood as convenient tools for handling reality... Finally , we should teach widely that new words can and should be invented if the need arises." –Karol Janicki, "Language Misconceived"
How to Practice Using Transition Words
In sum , use transition words and phrases judiciously to keep your paper moving, hold your readers' attention, and retain your audience until the final word. In practice, it's a good idea to rewrite some of the introductory sentences at the beginning and the transition statements at the end of every paragraph once you have completed the first draft of your paper. Practice with some of the words on this list and decide which flows best.
Edusson. " Common Transitions to Use in Cause and Effect Essay ."
Academic Help. " Common Transitions Words and Phrases ."
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Effective Transition Words for Research Papers
What are transition words in academic writing?
A transition is a change from one idea to another idea in writing or speaking and can be achieved using transition terms or phrases. These transitions are usually placed at the beginning of sentences, independent clauses, and paragraphs and thus establish a specific relationship between ideas or groups of ideas. Transitions are used to enhance cohesion in your paper and make its logical development clearer to readers.
Types of Transition Words
Transitions accomplish many different objectives. We can divide all transitions into four basic categories:
- Additive transitions signal to the reader that you are adding or referencing information
- Adversative transitions indicate conflict or disagreement between pieces of information
- Causal transitions point to consequences and show cause-and-effect relationships
- Sequential transitions clarify the order and sequence of information and the overall structure of the paper
Additive Transitions
These terms signal that new information is being added (between both sentences and paragraphs), introduce or highlight information, refer to something that was just mentioned, add a similar situation, or identify certain information as important.
Adding Information | Also; Additionally; Furthermore; Moreover | In addition to; As well as; In fact; Not only…but also; As a matter of fact | “ , the data shows that X is a significant factor.”“ the above-mentioned study, Rogers also presents…” |
Introducing/Highlighting | Particularly; Notably; Especially; Significantly | For example/instance; To illustrate; In particular; One example (of this is) | “ , only two species of this fish survive.”“ phenomenon is X.” |
Referencing | Considering (this); Concerning (this); Regarding (this) | As for (this); The fact that; With regards to (this); On the subject of (this); Looking at (this information); With reference to (something) | “ the amount of research in this area, little evidence has been found.” “ the Blue Whale, its teeth are also the largest of any mammal.” |
Showing Similarity | Similarly; Likewise; Equally; | By the same token; In the same way; In a similar way | “ the algorithm was applied to Y.”“ this principle can be applied to Z.” |
Clarifying/Identifying Important Information | Specifically; Namely | That is (to say); In other words; (To) put (it) another way; What this means is; This means (that) | “There are two factors: , X and Y.”“ , the fall of the Empire was caused by over-expansion.” |
Adversative Transitions
These terms and phrases distinguish facts, arguments, and other information, whether by contrasting and showing differences; by conceding points or making counterarguments; by dismissing the importance of a fact or argument; or replacing and suggesting alternatives.
Contrasting/ Showing conflict | But; Still; However; While; Whereas; Conversely; (and) yet | In contrast; On the contrary; On the other hand; …when in fact; By way of contrast | “ there is still more research needed.”“ the 1997 study does not recognize these outcomes.” |
Distinguishing/ Emphasizing | Indeed; Besides; Significantly; Primarily | Even more; Above all; More/Most importantly | “ a placebo is essential to any pharmaceutical study.”“ the X enzyme increased.” |
Conceding a point | Nevertheless; Nonetheless; Although; Despite (this); However; Regardless (of this); Admittedly | Even so; Even though; In spite of (this); Notwithstanding (this); Be that as it may | “ X is still an important factor.”“ New York still has a high standard of living.”“ this may be true, there are still other factors to consider.” |
Dismissing an argument or assertion | Regardless (of) | Either way; In any case; In any event; Whatever happens; All the same; At any rate | “ of the result, this fact is true.”“ the effect is the same.”“ this will not change the public’s view.” |
Replacing/ Indicating an Alternative | Instead (of); (or) rather; | (or) at least | “ using X, the scientists used Z.”“ why not implement a brand new policy?” |
Causal Transitions
These terms and phrases signal the reasons, conditions, purposes, circumstances, and cause-and-effect relationships. These transitions often come after an important point in the research paper has been established or to explore hypothetical relationships or circumstances.
Showing Cause or Reason | Since; For; As; Because (of the fact that) | Due to (the fact that); For the reason that; Owing to (the fact); Inasmuch as | “ the original sample group was too small, researchers called for more participants.”“ funding will be cut in half.” |
Explaining the Conditions | If…then; Unless; Granting (that); Granted (that); Provided (that) | In the event that; As/So long as; Only if | “ these conditions change, more will need to be done.”“ there is oxygen, there will be oxygenation.” |
Showing the Effects/Results | Consequently; Therefore; Thus; Accordingly; Because (of this) | As a result (of this); For this reason; As a consequence; So much (so) that | “ we can conclude that this was an asymmetric catalysis.”“ many consumers began to demand safer products.” |
Showing the Purpose | For the purpose(s) of; With (this fact) in mind; In the hope that; In order that/to; So as to | “ following standards, X rule was observed.”“ this study focused on preservation.” | |
Highlighting the Importance of Circumstances | Otherwise | Under those circumstances; That being the case; In that case; If so; All else being equal | “ this effect will continue into the future.”“ the economic impact of this law seems positive.” |
Sequential Transitions
These transition terms and phrases organize your paper by numerical sequence; by showing continuation in thought or action; by referring to previously-mentioned information; by indicating digressions; and, finally, by concluding and summing up your paper. Sequential transitions are essential to creating structure and helping the reader understand the logical development through your paper’s methods, results, and analysis.
Organizing by Number | Initially; Secondly; Thirdly; (First/Second/Third); Last | First of all; To start with; In the (first/second/third) place | “ subjects were asked to write their names.”“ dolphins are the smartest creatures in the sea.” |
Showing Continuation | Subsequently; Previously; Afterwards; Eventually; Next; After (this) | “ subjects were taken to their rooms.”“ they were asked about their experiences.” | |
Summarizing/ Repeating Information | (Once) again; Summarizing (this) | To repeat; As (was) stated before; As (was) mentioned earlier/above | “ this data, it becomes evident that there is a pattern.”“ pollution has become an increasing problem.” |
Digression/Resumption | Incidentally; Coincidentally; Anyway | By the way; to resume; Returning to the subject; At any rate | “ the methods used in the two studies were similar.”“ this section will analyze the results.” |
Concluding/ Summarizing | Thus; Hence; Ultimately; Finally; Therefore; Altogether; Overall; Consequently | To conclude; As a final point; In conclusion; Given these points; In summary; To sum up | “ these results will be valuable to the study of X.”“ there are three things to keep in mind—A, B, and C.” |
How to Choose Transitions in Academic Writing
Transitions are commonplace elements in writing, but they are also powerful tools that can be abused or misapplied if one isn’t careful. Here are some ways to ensure you are using transitions effectively.
- Check for overused, awkward, or absent transitions during the paper editing process. Don’t spend too much time trying to find the “perfect” transition while writing the paper.
- When you find a suitable place where a transition could connect ideas, establish relationships, and make it easier for the reader to understand your point, use the list to find a suitable transition term or phrase.
- Similarly, if you have repeated some terms again and again, find a substitute transition from the list and use that instead. This will help vary your writing and enhance the communication of ideas.
- Read the beginning of each paragraph. Did you include a transition? If not, look at the information in that paragraph and the preceding paragraph and ask yourself: “How does this information connect?” Then locate the best transition from the list.
- Check the structure of your paper—are your ideas clearly laid out in order? You should be able to locate sequence terms such as “first,” “second,” “following this,” “another,” “in addition,” “finally,” “in conclusion,” etc. These terms will help outline your paper for the reader.
For more helpful information on academic writing and the journal publication process, visit Wordvice’s Academic Resources Page. And be sure to check out Wordvice’s professional English editing services if you are looking for paper editing and proofreading after composing your academic document.
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Other Resources Around the Web
- MSU Writing Center. Transition Words.
- UW-Madison Writing Center. Transition Words and Phrases.
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Transition words can be divided into four categories: sequential, additive, causal, and adversative. These four categories can be further subdivided into more specific functions. Sequential transition words. Sequential transition words can be used to indicate the order you're presenting ideas in your essay or an order of events.
California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, signed a first-of-its-kind state law Monday aimed at protecting LGBTQ+ students from having their sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression ...
MAGA, on the other hand, emerges from a scarcity consciousness, a zero-sum mentality: If we let in tons of immigrants they will take all of our jobs; if America gets browner, "they" will ...
Transition from commodity money to fiat money Most of the world's currency is now fiat money. It began to see widespread use in the 20th century when the US dollar was decoupled from the price of ...
Here's why, and how the balance of power between individual brand and company brand is changing. The Ultimate Team: Sports and Fashion Here's why, and how the balance of power between ...
Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It's important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition. Additive transition words. Additive transition words introduce new information or examples.
33 Transition Words and Phrases. 'Besides,' 'furthermore,' 'although,' and other words to help you jump from one idea to the next. Transitional terms give writers the opportunity to prepare readers for a new idea, connecting the previous sentence to the next one. Many transitional words are nearly synonymous: words that broadly indicate that ...
Clear transitions are crucial to clear writing: They show the reader how different parts of your essay, paper, or thesis are connected. Transition sentences can be used to structure your text and link together paragraphs or sections. Example of a transition sentence for a new paragraph. In this case, the researchers concluded that the method ...
Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between ideas in your paper and can help your reader understand the logic of your paper. However, these words all have different meanings, nuances, and connotations. Before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely and be sure…
For example, in history textbooks, the writers may include transitions between chapters in order to provide connections between the historical events. Between ideas: Transitions are important to use between ideas in order to separate the individual thoughts. An example could be when giving people options to choose between, a person would want ...
In English grammar, a transition is a connection (a word, phrase, clause, sentence, or entire paragraph) between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to cohesion . Transitional devices include pronouns, repetition, and transitional expressions, all of which are illustrated below. Pronunciation: trans-ZISH-en.
A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence. Transitions can be at the end of the first paragraph, at the beginning of the second paragraph, or in both places. Transitions within paragraphs: As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act ...
Transitions can be useful between paragraphs to connect two ideas. Effective transitions high-light the key information from one paragraph to the next and help to create a logic flow be-tween ideas. These transitions do not always have to use transitional words or phrases; how-ever, they can be useful. P1 represents the last sentence in ...
Some examples of transition words or phrases include: another key point. indeed. in fact. first thing to remember. on the negative side. on the positive side. A piece of writing usually contains two elements: (1) the order in which different parts of a discussion or argument are provided to the readers; and (2) the relationship the writer has ...
Transitions are words or phrases that tell readers that a new thought, paragraph, or section is coming. They are key ingredients that keep writing clear and organized. Without transitions, writing can be disorganized and confusing. In paragraphs, transitions move readers from idea to another. In essays and reports, transitions move the reader ...
Transitions Transitions Between Paragraphs. While within-paragraph transitions serve the purpose of alerting readers of upcoming shifts in perspective or voice, between-paragraph transitions serve the unique purpose of alerting readers of upcoming shifts in argument or idea.Because one of the core rules of effective paragraph-writing is limiting each paragraph to only one controlling idea (see ...
Usage of Transition Words in Essays. Transition words and phrases are vital devices for essays, papers or other literary compositions. They improve the connections and transitions between sentences and paragraphs. They thus give the text a logical organization and structure (see also: a List of Synonyms).
Transitions. Transitions are the bridges between parts of your paper. They help to create both coherence and cohesion in a paper (aka "flow"), and they enable the reader to make the logical connections between the writer's ideas in the way that the writer intends. Transitions help carry a thought from sentence to sentence, one idea to ...
Transition words are words or phrases that help establish connections between sentences, paragraphs, or ideas in a piece of writing. They act as bridges, guiding readers through the logical flow of information and signalling relationships between different parts of the text. Furthermore, they provide coherence and cohesion to your writing by ...
Transitional Paragraphs in Comparison Essays "After you have finished discussing topic A, add a transitional paragraph. A transitional paragraph is a short paragraph, usually consisting of a few sentences, that acts as a conclusion to topic A and an introduction to the next section, topic B. ... "Definition and Examples of Transitional ...
A transition is the act of moving from one state to another. In this sense, transition words are the words and phrases writers use to connect different ideas. They carry a thought from one idea to ...
Transition Words & Phrases are words and phrases (aka signs or signposts) that writers and speakers use to help their readers, listeners, or users understand the flow of information across a text. Transitional Words refers to elements of spoken and written language (e.g., words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and sections) that authors use to ...
Transition words are words that are used when a writer is transitioning from one point to another. They are commonly used as "linking words" that join two or more sentences, phrases, and paragraphs. Some common and widely used transition words in English include "also," "or," "therefore," and "thus.".
Additive Transitions . Probably the most common type, additive transitions are those you use when you want to show that the current point is an addition to the previous one, according to Edusson, a website that provides students with essay-writing tips and advice. Put another way, additive transitions signal to the reader that you are adding to an idea or that your ideas are similar.
A transition is a change from one idea to another idea in writing or speaking and can be achieved using transition terms or phrases. These transitions are usually placed at the beginning of sentences, independent clauses, and paragraphs and thus establish a specific relationship between ideas or groups of ideas.