class 9 geography chapter 3 case study questions

Class 9 Geography Case Study Questions of Chapter 3 Drainage

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Case study Questions in Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3  are very important to solve for your exam. Class 9 Social Science Chapter 10 Case Study Questions have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving  case study-based questions for Class 9 Geography Case Study Questions Chapter 3 Drainage

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In CBSE Class 9 Social Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason. There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Drainage Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 Drainage

Case Study 1: The drainage system of India is mainly controlled by the broad relief features of the subcontinent. Accordingly, the Indian rivers are divided into two major groups: the Himalayan rivers; and the Peninsular Rivers. Apart from originating from the two major physiographic regions of India, the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers are different from each other in many ways. Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial. It means that they have water throughout the year. These rivers receive water from rain as well as from melted snow from the loft mountains. The two major Himalayan rivers, the Indus and the Brahmaputra originate from the North of the mountain ranges. They have cut through the mountains making gorges. The Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea. They perform an intensive erosional activity in their upper courses from their source to the sea. They perform an intensive erosional activity in their upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand. In the middle and lower courses, these rivers form meanders, oxbow lakes, and many other depositional features in their flood plains. They also have well-developed deltas.

Which of the following is not the Himalayan river? (a) Godavari (b) Indus (c) Ganga (d) Brahmaputra

Answer: (a) Godavari

Which of the following is not the feature of the Himalayan rivers? (a) Some Himalayan rivers originate from the North of the mountain range. (b) The Himalayan rivers have shorter and shallower courses. (c) Brahmaputra is the example of Himalayan rivers. (d) None of the above

Answer: (b) The Himalayan rivers have shorter and shallower courses.

Why do some Himalayan rivers perform the intensive erosional activity? Identify the best suitable options. (a) Because they originates from high altitude. (b) These are small rivers. (c) These rivers are flows from West to East. (d) These river are non-perennial.

Answer: (a) Because they originates from high altitude.

Himalayan rivers has well developed deltas. Which among the following is the prominent cause? (a) Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to sea. (b) They flows from mountain and carry huge loads of silt and sand. (c) They flow with high density of water. (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

Which of the following is not the characteristics of Himalayan rivers? (a) This rivers formed deltas at their mouth. (b) The Himalayan rivers are short in length. (c) These rivers are seasonal. (d) All of the above

Answer: (a) This rivers formed deltas at their mouth.

Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. Assertion (A) Peninsular river are perennial river. Reason (R) Perennial rivers receives water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains. Codes (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true

Answer: (d) A is false, but R is true

Case Study 2: The drainage system plays a crucial role in shaping the landscape and determining the flow of water in an area. In India, the drainage patterns are diverse and influenced by various factors such as topography, climate, and geological formations. The major drainage basins in India are the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra. The Himalayan rivers have a snow-fed perennial source, resulting in the formation of large river systems. The Peninsular rivers, on the other hand, have a rain-fed source and exhibit seasonal variations in their water flow. The rivers in India not only provide water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial purposes but also serve as important transportation routes. However, the improper management of drainage systems can lead to issues such as floods, soil erosion, and water pollution.

What factors influence the drainage patterns in India? a) Political boundaries and population density b) Topography, climate, and geological formations c) Religious diversity and cultural practices d) Economic development and industrialization

Answer: b) Topography, climate, and geological formations

Which are the major drainage basins in India? a) Yamuna, Godavari, and Krishna b) Narmada, Mahanadi, and Tapti c) Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra d) Cauvery, Tungabhadra, and Pennar

Answer: c) Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra

What is the source of Himalayan rivers in India? a) Underground springs b) Lakes and reservoirs c) Rainfall and monsoons d) Snow-fed perennial glaciers

Answer: d) Snow-fed perennial glaciers

How do Peninsular rivers in India differ from Himalayan rivers? a) Peninsular rivers have a snow-fed source. b) Peninsular rivers are rain-fed and exhibit seasonal variations. c) Peninsular rivers flow through the Himalayan region. d) Peninsular rivers have a larger water volume.

Answer: b) Peninsular rivers are rain-fed and exhibit seasonal variations.

Besides water supply, what other functions do rivers serve in India? a) Formation of deltas and estuaries b) Generation of electricity through hydropower projects c) Creation of tourist attractions and scenic spots d) Development of recreational activities like boating and fishing

Answer: b) Generation of electricity through hydropower projects

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 Drainage with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about CBSE Class 9 Social Science Drainage Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible By Team Study Rate

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Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re seeking Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions, you’ve come to the correct spot. Students can use Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions to help them answer a variety of questions about the Class 9 Social Science case study.

The CBSE Board has included case study questions in Class 9 Social Science examination pattern. As a result, it becomes an indispensable study tool.

The need for a student-friendly app to explain and facilitate the understanding of the social sciences subject has been felt for a long. Especially for students who do not have a strong foundation in Class 9 Social Science. With myCBSEguide , class 9 social science students now have a place where they can find resources that are student-friendly, interesting and easy to understand.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study questions are intended to assess student’s abilities to apply their learning to practical scenarios. You’ll need to employ your critical thinking and problem-solving skills to come up with the best solution. Class 9 Social Science case study questions are designed to test your knowledge and help you improve your skills.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

myCBSEguide has identified the essential themes connected to CBSE case study questions for Class 9 Social Science that every student should be aware of following a comprehensive examination of CBSE Sample Papers and Marking Scheme. Students in Class 9 Social Science will benefit from this information in understanding the changes in the Class 9 Social Science. For a better understanding and analysis, students should refer to the example of Class 9 Social Science case study questions attached below:

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The king had commanded troops to move into the city. Rumours spread that he would soon order the army to open fire upon the citizens. Some 7,000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form a peoples’ militia. They broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms. Finally, a group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city and stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille, where they hoped to find hoarded ammunition. In the armed fight that followed, the commander of the Bastille was killed and the prisoners released – though there were only seven of them. Yet the Bastille was hated by all because it stood for the despotic power of the king. The fortress was demolished and its stone fragments were sold in the markets to all those who wished to keep a souvenir of its destruction. The days that followed saw more rioting both in Paris and the countryside. Most people were protesting against the high price of bread. Much later, when historians looked back upon this time, they saw it as the beginning of a chain of events that ultimately led to the execution of the king in France, though most people at the time did not anticipate this outcome. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

On 14th July, 1789 the people of the ________ estate attacked the Bastille prison and freed all the prisoners signalling the start of the _________.

• first, civil war
• fourth, Russian war
• second, movement
• third, revolution

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

• The Bastille was the fortress-prison.
• The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king.
• On the morning of 14 July 1789, the people of Paris stormed Bastille
• All are correct

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): The people of France storm the Bastille. Reason (R): They were hopeful to find King Louis XIV and commander of the Bastille there.

• Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is correct but R is wrong.
• Both A and R are wrong.

What was the immediate cause of rioting in Paris?

• Atrocities by the commander
• The high price of bread
• The killing of women and children
• All of these

Answer Key:

• (d) third, revolution
• (b) The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king. [Explanation: The Bastille stood for the despotic power of the king.]
• (c) A is correct but R is wrong. [Explanation: The people of France stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille because they were hopeful to find hoarded ammunition there.]
• (b) high price of bread

Class 9Social Science Case Study Question 2

Read the extracts and answer the question that follows:

The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the Himalayas northern borders of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world. They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh. The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half. The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.

The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.

• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as?
• Give two features of the folds of Great Himalayas.
• Give two features of the Inner Himalayas.
• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as the ‘Himadri’.
• (Any two relevant points)
• The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature.
• The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite.
• It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.
• Features of the Inner Himalayas:
• It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
• It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.  

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the ‘Chief Executive’ of the country. Later he changed his designation to President and in 2002 held a referendum in the country that granted him a five-year extension. Pakistani media, human rights organisations and democracy activists said that the referendum was based on malpractices and fraud. In August 2002 he issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President can dismiss the national and provincial assemblies. The work of the civilian cabinet is supervised by a National Security Council which is dominated by military officers. After passing this law, elections were held to the national and provincial assemblies. So Pakistan has had elections, elected representatives have some powers. But the final power rested with military officers and General Musharraf himself. Clearly, there are many reasons why Pakistan under General Musharraf should not be called a democracy. People may have elected their representatives to the national and provincial assemblies but those elected representatives were not really the rulers. They cannot take the final decisions. The power to take final decision rested with army officials and with General Musharraf, and none of them were elected by the people. This happens in many dictatorships and monarchies. They formally have an elected parliament and government but the real power is with those who are not elected. In a few countries, the real power was with some external powers and not with locally elected representatives. This cannot be called people’s rule. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

What is the meaning of Referendum?

• Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• A form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people
• A system where the majority or elected representatives are allowed to take decisions on behalf of all the people

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): Pakistan not considered a democratic country even after having elections Reason (R): Despite elections to the national and provincial assemblies, the final powers rested with General Musharraf and military officers.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is wrong but R is correct.

After the passage of the ________, elections were held to the national and state assemblies.

• Military rule
• Legal Framework Order
• Both (b) and (c)

Does the given source explain the significance of which feature of democracy?

• Democracy must be based on a free and fair election
• In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people
• In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote
• Democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights
• (a) Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• (c) Legal Framework Order
• (b) In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people

Steps to Master Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

Class 9 Social Science case study questions can be daunting, but there are some strategies you can use to ace them. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to Class 9 social science case study questions. The best way to solve a social science case study will vary depending on the specific case in question. However, there are some general tips that can be followed in order to improve your chances of success while answering class 9 social science case study questions.

• First, make sure to read the question carefully and understand what is being asked. It is often helpful to re-read the question after gathering all of your information.
• Next, organize your thoughts and create an outline of your answer. This will help you to stay on track and include all relevant information.
• Finally, write your answer in a clear and concise manner.

Class 9 Social Science Content Structure

Class 9 social science content is divided into four parts: History, Geography, Economics and Political Science. Each part is further divided into smaller themes/chapters.

Each of these topics given in Class 9 Social Science is important in its own right, and together they provide a comprehensive overview that affect our world today. The content is structured in such a way as to provide Class 9 Social Science students with a broad understanding of each issue, while also allowing them to focus on specific areas that are of particular interest to Class 9 Social Science students.

Class 9 Social Science COURSE CONTENT 

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: Ch 3 Drainage Geography

Ncert solutions for class 9th: ch 3 drainage geography social studies (s.st).

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Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Drainage Important Questions

Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage important questions and answers cover the major concepts of the chapter. Solving answers of these important questions help students to revise the Chapter most competently. We prepared these questions with PDF as per the latest NCERT book and CBSE syllabus. Practising these questions before the exam will ensure excellent marks in the exam.

Drainage Class 9 Important Questions and Answers

1. What are perennial and non-perennial rivers? Give reasons why the Himalayan region consists of perennial rivers.

Answer:  The rivers that flow throughout the year are termed as perennial rivers. They have more or less even flow throughout the year, e.g., the Ganga.

The rivers that do not flow throughout the year are termed as non-perennial rivers. They are seasonal rivers that flow mainly during the rainy season and dwindle during the dry period, e.g., the Subarnarekha.

The rivers of the Himalayan region are perennial in nature. They have their sources in the snow fields and glaciers of the Himalayas which supply water to these rivers throughout the year. During monsoons the Himalayas receive very heavy rainfall and rivers discharge heavy flow of water. During dry periods the rivers are fed by the melting snow and glaciers of the lofty great Himalayan range. Hence, the Himalayan rivers flow throughout the year.

2. Why is the Godavari often referred to as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’? Write a note on the river Godavari and its tributaries.

Answer:  The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river. It has a length of 1500 km. It has the largest drainage basin amongst the Peninsular rivers. Its drainage basin covers parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. On account of its dominating length and the extent of area it covers, the Godavari is known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’. The Godavari rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. It flows eastwards and drains into the Bay of Bengal. Nearly half of its drainage basin lies in Maharashtra.

The Godavari is joined by large tributaries–the Wainganga, the Penganga and the Manjra. The Purna, the Wardha and the Pranhita are its other tributaries. 3. How are salt lakes formed? Give examples of salt lakes in India.

Answer:  Lakes which have water with high salt content are called salt lakes. They are usually found in the basins of inland drainage in the regions of arid and semi-arid climate. Such lakes are seasonal in nature.

Hollows may be created in the deserts due to the deflation action of the winds. These may reach the groundwater level which seeps out into these depressions. Small shallow lakes are formed which become salt lakes due to excessive evaporation.

Sometimes short, intermittent streams drain into low depression or a desert basin and form temporary lakes. Such short lived lakes also contain high percentage of salts on account of high rate of evaporation.

An example of such saltwater lake is the Sambhar lake of Rajasthan. The water of this salt lake is used for producing salt.

4. What is a lagoon? How does it differ from a lake?

Answer:  Lagoon is a stretch of brackish or salt water separated from the sea by a sandbank, bars, reefs, etc. The action of wind and waves along coasts builds spits and bars in the inlets of seas isolating lagoons from the sea. They are commonly found off the deltas of large rivess like the Ganges, the Mahanadi, etc.

The Chilika lake of Orissa, the Pulicat lake of Tamil Nadu and the Kolleru lake of Andhra Pradesh are lagoons.

Strong on shore winds are also capable of pushing the coastal sand dunes along beaches landwards. They may enclose marshy lagoons. (i) Lagoons are found only in coastal areas, usually near the mouths of rivers, while lakes may be formed in any geographical location, in highlands or in inland basis.

(ii) Lagoons have brackish water while a lake may have fresh water or salty water.

(iii) Lagoons are formed due to wind and wave action in the coasts. Lakes may be of tectonic origin or may be formed due to river action, glacial action, wind. They may also be human-made artificial lakes.

5. What is a gorge? In what type of terrain does a gorge form?

Answer:  A gorge is a very steep sided, narrow river valley. It is found in the mountains in the upper courses of the rivers. They are neary I-shaped in appearance. In the upper course the river is very swift as it descends down the steep slopes of the mountains. Vertical corrosion or down cutting is the predominant action of the river here. In areas where the rocks are very hard or resistant, the valley that develops in narrow and the sides are steep rising almost vertically. Such narrow river valleys are called gorges.

Thus, gorges are found in mountainous terrain with resistant rocks. They are usually found in the upper reaches of the river in high mountains, e.g. the Indus Gorge, the Brahmaputra Gorge. Gorges are features of youthful topography. In the Himalayas where the land has been uplifted in recent geological period, gorges are common.

6. What type of channel does the river Brahmaputra have? Write a short note on the formation of this type of channel.

Answer:  The river Brahmaputra has a braided channel in its entire length in Assam. The northeastern part of India is a region of high rainfall. Assam receives heavy rainfall during the monsoons. This increases the volume of water in the Brahmaputra river. On account of rapid erosion, the river carries a considerable amount of silt. The silt is deposited in the riverbed when the load becomes excessive. As a result the river splits into several complicated channels called braided channels. The channels frequently shift position. Many big and small river islands are located in between the braided channels. The Majuli Island on the Brahmaputra is the world’s largest, riverine island. It has, however, been broken due to floods.

7. Where are India’s most of the freshwater lakes located and why?

Answer:  Most of the freshwater lakes of India are located in the Himalayan region. The lofty ranges of the Himalayas are snow covered and have many glaciers. Glacial activity results in the formation of circular hollows lip in the mountains. They are known as Cirques. The melting of the glacial snow in later period forms cirque lakes. As the lakes have water from snow melt they are freshwater lakes, e.g., Pangong lake in Ladakh. Tectonic activity in the Himalayan region also results in the formation of depressions. They are filled with melting snow forming lakes of tectonic origin, e.g., the Wular lake in Jammu and Kashmir, which is the largest freshwater lake in India. The Dal Lake of Srinagar, Bhimtal and Nainital of Uttarakhand, Loktak Lake of Manipur and Barapani Lake of Meghalaya are some other important freshwater lakes. All are located in the Himalayan region and the Purvanchals.

8. What is a river basin? Explain briefly.

Answer:  The area drained by a single river system, comprising a main river and its tributaries, is called its drainage basin or river basin. The term drainage describes the river system of an area. Small streams flowing from different directions come together to form the main river. It has number of tributaries and distributaries. The river ultimately drains into a large water body such as a lake or a sea or an ocean. The area drained by the main river, its tributaries and distributaries is termed as the river basin. The river Ganga has the largest river basin in India. The river Indus has a larger river basin but most of it lies outside India.

9. Write a note on the river Krishna and its tributaries.

Answer:  The river Krishna rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar. It flows eastwards to the Bay of Bengal. It has a length of about 1400 km, which makes it the second longest river of Peninsular India after Godavari which has a length of 1500 km. The Tungabhadra, the Koyna, the Bhima, the Ghatprabha and the Musi are important tributaries of the river Krishna. The drainage basin of the river Krishna lies in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

10. Name the three Himalayan river system. Give two tributaries of each. (CBSE 2010)

Answer:  Three Himalayan river systems are : (i) The Indus river system (ii) The Ganga river system (iii) The Brahamaputra river system.

Tributaries: (i) Indus river system – Satluj, Beas, Ravi (ii) Ganga river system – Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak (iii) Brahmaputra river system – Dibang, Lohit, Kenula.

11. Which of the factors mainly controls the drainage system of the Indian subcontinent? Into which major groups are the Indian rivers divided? Write three points of difference between the two.

Answer:  The drainage system of the Indian subcontinent are mainly controlled by the broad relief features. The Indian rivers are divided into two major groups : (a) The Himalayan rivers and (b) The Peninsular rivers.

Points of difference : (a) The Himalayan rivers mostly originate in the Himalayan ranges whereas the Peninsular rivers mostly originate in the Western Ghats (b) The Himalayan rivers are perennial whereas the Peninsular rivers are seasonal (c) The Peninsular rivers have shorter and shallower courses in comparison to the Himalayan rivers.

12. Why are lakes of great value to human beings? Explain any three reasons. 

Answer:  Lakes are of great value to human beings. (i) A lake helps to regulate the flow of a river. During heavy rainfall, it prevents flooding. During dry reason, it helps to maintain an even flow of water. (ii) Lakes are also used for developing hydel power. (iii) Lakes help develop tourism and provide recreation.

13. Write any three features of the rivers originating in the Himalayas.

Answer:  Three main features of the Himalayan rivers are : (i) Most of them are perennial. (ii) They have long and deep courses from their source to the sea. (iii) They perform intensive erosional activity in their upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand.

14. What is a lake? How are lakes formed? 

Answer:  A lake is an area of water surrounded by land on all sides. (i) There are lakes which are formed as a result of action of glaciers and ice sheets, while the others have been formed by wind, river action, and human activities. (ii) Some lakes are formed as a result of the tectonic activity. For example, Wular Lake in Jammu and Kashmir. (iii) The damming of rivers for the generation of hydel power has also led to the formation of lakes.

15. Which three river systems form the Himalayan river systems?

Answer:   The Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra have formed the three major Himalayan river systems of the country.

16. Describe any three important features of the river Brahmaputra.

Answer:  The three important features of the river Brahmaputra are as follows: (i) It passes through a high rainfall region and therefore carries a large volume of water and silt. (ii) It has braided channel in its entire length in Assam and forms many riverine islands. (iii) In rainy season, the river overflows it banks causing widespread floods in Assam and Bangladesh.

17. How does a river affect the economy of a country?

Answer:  Water from the rivers is a basic natural resource. It is essential for various human activities. Therefore, river banks have attracted settlers of very ancient times. These settlements in course of time become cities. In India, rivers are used for irrigation, navigation and power generation besides agriculture. The agriculture is the major source of livelihood of the population and hence its role in the economy is a great.

18. What is the name of Brahmaputra in Tibet and Bangladesh? Give one feature of each.

Answer:  Brahmaputra is known as the Tsangpo in Tibet and Jamuna in Bangladesh. One important feature of Brahmaputra in Tibet is that it carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it passes through a cold and dry area in Tibat. In Bangladesh, however, in rainy season the river overflows its banks, carries much water and causeds widespread devastation by floods including siltation in the riverbed.

19. What are the differences between east-flowing and west-flowing rivers of the peninsular plateau?

Answer:   The major rivers of the peninsular the the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna etc. are flowing eastward and merges into the Bay of Bengal. Only the river Narmada and Tapti are flowing towards west and merge into the Arabian Sea. The essential differences between the two rivers are as follows: 

20. What are the causes of river pollution? Suggest some ways to overcome them?

Answer:  The main causes of river pollution is dumping of untreated sewage and industrial effluents into the rivers. This affects the quality of water.

21. What is the difference between tributary and the distributary? Write any three points.

Answer:  A smaller stream joining with the main stream is known as tributary. A tributary is generally carried water and silt to the main river. River Jamuna is an example of tributary of the river Ganga.

A Distributary is formed at the lower coarse of the river when the main channel of the river get blocked with silt which forced river to open branches. The Bhagirathi-Hooghly is a distributary of the river Ganga. The main function of the distributary is to distribute water through newly opened channels.

The three basic differences between tributaries and distributaries are given below :

22. What are the causes of river pollution? Suggest some ways to overcome them?

Answer:  The main causes of river pollution is dumping of untreated sewage and industrial effluents into the rivers. This affects the quality of water. (i) Recycling and reuse of waste water is to be done to check waste water. (ii) Waste water is to be released after proper treatment. (iii) All outlets of effluents from industrial and domestic sources should be diverted to elsewhere. 23. Describe the three main features of Narmada Basin.

Answer:  The river Narmada emerges from the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. (i) It flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting. (ii) It creates many picturesque places like the Marble Rocks near Jabalpur and Dhuadhar Falls. (iii) All the tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of them join at right angles to the main stream.

25. What are the differences between the Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers?

Answer:  The differences between the two main groups of rivers of India are as follows:

26. Write a note on the Indus Drainage System.

Answer:  The Indus is one of the longest rivers of the world. The river Indus rises in Tibet, near lake Mansarovar. Flowing west, it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. A spectacular gorge formed by the Indus marks this part. Several tributaries – the Zaskar, the Nabra, the Shyok and the Hunza – join the Indus in the Kashmir region. The Indus flows through Baltistan and Gilgit and emerges from the mountains at Attock. The tributaries of the Indus – the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj – flow partly through Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh and mainly through Punjab. They join together to enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan. The Indus then flows southwards and eventually reaches the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi. The Indus has a total length of 2900 km. The Indus plain has a very gentle slope. A little over onethird of the Indus basin lies in India in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. Major part of its basin lies in Pakistan.

27. Write a note on the Brahmaputra Drainage System. OR Name any two major river systems of the Himalayan region. Describe any one in detail.

Answer:  The Brahmaputra is one of the longest rivers of the world, but most of its course lies outside India. The river Brahmaputra rises in Tibet east of the Mansarovar lake. The river flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas in its upper course. It is known as Tsangpo in Tibet. Here it carries smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a cold and dry area. The river takes a ‘U’-turn bend at Namcha Barwa (7757 m) and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. In Arunachal Pradesh, it is known as Dihang. Here it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, the Kenula and many other tributaries. The volume of the river increases and it is known as the Brahmaputra in Assam.

The region receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon which increases the volume of water and silt content of the river. Devastating floods are caused by the river in Assam and Bangladesh every year during the rainy season. The deposition of the silt in the riverbed due to the heavy load, leads to the formation of braided channels intervened by riverine islands. The Brahmaputra has a braided channel in its entire length in Assam. Many riverine islands like the Majuli, the world’s largest riverine island, are formed in between the channels. The Brahmaputra is known as Jamuna in Bangladesh. Here it is joined by the Ganga, known here as Padma. Together they form the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta known as Sunderbans, and discharge into the Bay of Bengal.

28. Write a note on the Ganga Drainage System. (Important)

Answer:  The Ganga is the longest and the most important river system of India. It has a total length of over 2500 km. Nearly the entire river basin of the Ganga lies in India with a part of its lower course and delta in Bangladesh.

The headwaters of the Ganga is called the ‘Bhagirathi’. It is fed by the Gangotri Glacier. It is joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand. At Haridwar, the Ganga emerges from the mountains and enters the plains. The Ganga is joined by a large number of tributaries. The Yamuna, a right-bank tributary of the Ganga, rises from the Yamunotri Glacier, flows parallel to the Ganga and joins it at Allahabad. The Ghaghra, the Gandak, the Kosi and the Sarda are the left-bank tributaries of the Ganga. The other right bank tributaries of the Ganga – the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son – come from the Peninsular uplands. The Ganga and its tributaries form a major portion of the northern plains. On account of water availability and fertile soil, it is the most important agricultural region of India. The Ganga develops large meanders in the plains. The Ganga flows eastwards with the increased volume up to Farakka in West Bengal. The river bifurcates here. Its distributary, the Bhagirathi-Hooghly, flows through the deltaic plains to the Bay of Bengal.

The mainstream flows southwards into Bangladesh. Here it is known as Padma. It is joined by the Brahmaputra. Further downstream it is known as Meghna. Together they form the Ganga- Brahmaputra Delta, also known as Sunderbans delta. It is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta.

29. Write a note on the east-flowing and the west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India.

Answer:  The Peninsular Plateau of India is marked by a large number of east-flowing rivers and a few west-flowing rivers. Most of the major rivers of Peninsular India such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri and their tributaries flow eastwards. They rise from the Western Ghats, the highlands of the Deccan Plateau, flow towards east and drain into the Bay of Bengal. Only two big rivers, the Narmada and the Tapi, with long courses flow westwards in Peninsular Plateau region. They rise from the Satpura range and Amarkantak hills, flow westwards through faults and drain into the Arabian Sea. The coastal plains between Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea are very narrow. Hence, the west-flowing coastal rivers are short and swift flowing. The Sabarmati, Mahi, Bharathpuzha and Periyar are the west-flowing rivers. The Sabarmati and the Mahi originate in the Central highlands and flow into the Arabian Sea. The Western Ghats form the main water divide in Peninsular India. The east-flowing rivers have wide basins. They have dendritic drainage pattern with many tributaries joining them. They form large deltas at their mouths.

The west-flowing rivers flow between highlands and have elongated courses. They have trellis and rectangular drainage pattern. They flow through rift valleys and are fault guided rivers. They form estuaries at their mouths. The west-flowing rivers do not form deltas.

30. Why are rivers important for a country’s economy? 

Answer:  Rivers are the lifelines of a nation. Rivers have been of fundamental importance in the settlement and progress of man throughout the human history. The rivers form broad, fertile alluvial plains that have been the cradle of human civilisation. Water from the river is a basic natural resource, essential for various human activities. They provide water for domestic use. Rivers provide water for irrigation that helps to develop agriculture in the surrounding area. The fertile soil of the riverine plain, abundant supply of water and the flat land provides opportunities for the development of agriculture. In an agricultural country like India, rivers play a major role in shaping the country’s economy. Rivers supply water for industrial use. Rivers provide for a cheap mode of transportation, inland navigation.

Hydro-electricity harnessed from river water supplies power to our industries, to our homes and to our agricultural fields. Integrated water management of rivers through River Valley Projects by building dams provide hydro-electricity, water for irrigation, inland navigation, fishing, recreation etc. Hence, rivers are of prime importance in the flourishing of a country’s economy.

31. What are drainage patterns? Write a brief note on the different drainage patterns.

Answer:  In highland areas small streams flowing from different directions and join together to form the main river which ultimately drains into some large waterbody, a lake, sea or ocean. The main river is joined by a number of tributaries along its course. The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns called drainage patterns.

The patterns formed depend on the (i) slope of the land, (ii) underlying rock structure and (iii) the climatic conditions of the area. Dendritic, trellis, rectangular and radial are the four main types of drainage patterns.

When the main stream with its tributaries have a drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree, it is known as dendritic drainage pattern. The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain.

When a river is joined by its tributaries, at approximately right angles, trellis drainage pattern is formed. A trellis drainage pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other. A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rockey terrain. When streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure, the radial drainage pattern develops. The radial drainage pattern resembles the spoke of a wheel on the map.

32. Write a note about the causes and remedy of river pollution.  OR  Explain any three reasons for pollution of rivers in India.  OR  Discuss any three causes of water pollution. 

Answer:   Pollution of rivers by discharge of untreated sewage water and industrial effluents is a big menance. They are changing the life-giving rivers into toxic streams. Dumping of garbage into the streams is another cause of river pollution.

The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural demand for water from the rivers due to ever increasing population has led to over-exploitation of water. Excessive, uncontrolled use of this main source of freshwater has reduced their volume and has affected the quality of water. Increasing urbanisation and industrialisation has increased the pollution level of many rivers to such a level that the self-cleansing capacity of the river cannot cope up with it. Concern over rising pollution in our rivers led to the launching of various river action plans like the Ganga Action Plan, the Yamuna Action Plan, etc., to clean the rivers. The National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) covers 152 towns along 27 interstate rivers in 16 states. Pollution abatement works are being taken up in 57 towns under it. A million litres of sewage is targeted to be intercepted, diverted and treated.

Citizens should also take up responsibility to prevent river pollution. Garbage should not be disposed in rivers. Industrial waste should not be dumped into rivers. Sewage and industrial effluents should be treated before discharging into rivers.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography

Ncert solutions for class 9 geography chapter drainage.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Drainage

This page consists of solutions of all questions asked in 3 Drainage. Answers of all questions are explained with content mentioned in NCERT textbook chapter 3 Drainage. To score good marks in Geography follow NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Drainage prepared by experts of Physics Wallah. Do follow  NCERT solutions  prepared by Academic team of Physics Wallah and use  NCERT solutions for class 9 Maths  and  NCERT solutions for class 9 Science  for reference. 

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• Chapter 2 Physical Features of India
• Chapter 1 India–Size and Location
• Chapter 3 Drainage
• Chapter 4 Climate
• Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
• Chapter 6 Population

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 3 - Drainage - Free PDF Download

NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science is like an all-time available solution to the problems of students whether it is a class test or the final exam. These NCERT solutions present the entire chapter in an organized way to make students confident about the chapter. With NCERT Solutions, they can manage their studies and plan their studies with ease. With NCERT Solution Class 9 Chapter 3,  students get an idea of how an answer should be written and what style must be followed to score better.

You can also download NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths and NCERT Solution for Class 9 Science to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 - Drainage

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

i). Which one of the following describes the drainage patterns resembling the branches of a tree?

Centrifugal

Ans. (b) Dendritic

ii). In which of the following states is the Wular lake located?

Uttar Pradesh

Jammu and Kashmir

Ans. (d) Jammu and Kashmir

iii). The river Narmada has its source at

Slopes of the Western Ghats

Ans. (c) Amarkantak

iv). Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?

Gobind Sagar

Ans. (a) Sambhar

v). Which one of the following is the longest river of the Peninsular India?

Ans. (c) Godavari

vi). Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?

Tungabhadra

Ans. (d) Tapi

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

i). What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.

Ans.  A mountain range or a hill separating two different drainage basins is called a water divide. For example, Western Ghats.

ii). Which is the largest river basin in India?

Ans. The Ganga river basin is the largest river basin in India.

iii). Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?

Ans. The Indus river has its origins in Tibet near the Mansarovar Lake while the Ganga River has its origins in the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand state.

iv). Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?

Ans. Alaknanda and Bhagirathi are the two headstreams of the Ganga. They both meet to form the Ganga at Devprayag.

v). Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?

Ans. The Brahmaputra river also known as Tsangpo in Tibet receives very little volume of water in Tibet so it carries little silt there. But once it enters into India from Arunachal Pradesh, it is fed by lots of rains and hence carries lots of water and silt.

vi). Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?

Ans. The two rivers that flow through troughs in India are Narmada and Tapi. They form estuaries while entering the sea unlike deltas.

vii). State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.

Ans. Rivers are very beneficial for agricultural purposes and generating hydro- electricity. They also provide fisheries and inland channels for transportation. The lakes like the Sambhar Lake provide edible salts to people. They also help to develop tourism and provide recreation for people such as Panging Tso.

3. Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories – Natural and created by human beings.

Rana Pratap Sagar

Nizam Sagar

Nagarjuna Sagar

Ans. The Natural Lakes are: Wular, Dal, Nainital, Bhimtal, Chilika, Pulicat, Sambhar, Barapani, Loktak.

The Lakes created by human beings are: Gobind Sagar, Hirakud, Rana Pratap Sagar, Nagarjuna Sagar, Nizam Sagar.

4. Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.

Ans. The following is the comparison of the two rivers:

5. Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.

6. Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?

Ans. The rivers important for the any country’s economy because:

They are a source of natural fresh water which is required for the survival of all living beings.

The rivers provide water for various purposes as well as act as important trade routes within the country.

They also serve as a source of potential energy using hydro power.

It is also used for navigation and transportation and is important for commercial activities.

It also provides great scenic and recreational values for tourism. Thus, they serve as good tourist spots in the state.

(i) On an outline map of India mark and label the following rivers: Ganga, Satluj, Damodar, Krishna, Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi, and Brahmaputra.

(ii) On an outline map of India mark and label the following lakes: Chilika Sambhar, Wular, Pulicat, Kolleru.

Outline Map of India mark Lakes

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 3 - Drainage

NCERT Solutions Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 is available in pdf format and is easy to download. Upon download, there is no barrier for learning as it can be accessed anytime and anywhere. These NCERT Solutions Class 9 can be downloaded from our website as well as our app. N CERT Solutions Class 9 is entirely free of cost.  To memorize long theories, important dates, names of places, and events NCERT Solutions Class 9 is there for you. Our accurate answers will help you with quick learning. Study efficiently with chapter-wise exam preparatory materials.

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Chapter 3 Geography

In the curriculum of Class 9, Social Science Chapter 3 is Drainage . This chapter belongs to the Geography book " Contemporary India ". This chapter is all about the Indian water bodies, more specifically the Indian drainage system. Topics covered in this chapter are the Drainage system of India, Himalayan rivers, Peninsular rivers, Lakes, the Role of rivers in the economy, and River pollution.

With the help of chapters such as ‘Climate’, ‘Natural Vegetation and Wildlife’ and ‘Population ', students have more insight into the climatic controls, vegetation types, population distribution, and more.

All these concepts are explained in a simple language combined with diagrams, discussions, maps, etc wherever needed. These NCERT Solutions Class 9 Chapter 3 Geography makes the study interesting and also gives insight into the topic.

Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Weightage

Chapter 3 Drainage is a part of Geography In Social Science. The book is " Contemporary India ". Many questions of the Geography section are formed from this chapter. Thus going through these NCERT Solutions will help the student to score better in their exams. From a competitive exam like the UPSC point of view also this chapter is very important.

You will also learn about the various question patterns, question wise mark weightage. 

For a better understanding of this chapter, the concise summary of Chapter 3 Drainage, Social Science Geography, Class 9 is given below.

Subject: Social Science Geography

Book: Contemporary India

Chapter Number: 3

Chapter Name: Drainage

Benefits of NCERT Solutions Class 9 Sst Chapter 3 Contemporary India

Preparing from our NCERT Solutions Class 9   will help you to find all the missed out answers here.

These solutions act as a great reference while solving textbook questions.

Detailed analysis of topics with weightage is given which helps the students in better preparation.

The complete syllabus is covered to ensure no topics are missed.

Students without any hesitation can rely upon these NCERT solutions as it comes with sample papers and CBSE important question papers .

NCERT Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter wise Solutions

Chapter 1 - India - Size and Location

Chapter 2 - Physical Features of India

Chapter 4 - Climate

Chapter 5 - Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Chapter 6 - Population

NCERT Class 9 Social Science Books Available for:

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science - Democratic Politics

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science - Contemporary India

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science - Economics

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science - India and the Contemporary World - I

Vedantu's offering of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Chapter 3 - Drainage as a free PDF download is a commendable resource for students. These solutions provide a clear and comprehensive understanding of the chapter's content, aiding in effective exam preparation. They serve as a valuable tool to reinforce concepts, resolve doubts, and enhance problem-solving skills. The convenience of a free PDF download makes these solutions easily accessible to a wide range of students, irrespective of their geographical location. Vedantu's commitment to making quality educational resources freely available is laudable, and these NCERT Solutions undoubtedly contribute significantly to the academic success of Class 9 students studying geography.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Chapter 3 - Drainage (Free Pdf Download)

1. What are the differences between the East Flowing rivers and the West Flowing rivers?

The differences between the East flowing rivers and the West flowing rivers are given as follows.

The East flowing rivers drain in the Bay of Bengal and the West flowing rivers drain in the Arabian Sea.

The East flowing rivers carry a lot of sediments whereas the West flowing rivers carry fewer amounts of sediments.

The East flowing rivers form deltas at their mouths and the West flowing rivers form estuaries at their mouths.

The East flowing rivers have a greater number of tributaries whereas the West flowing rivers have a fewer number of tributaries.

2. How many questions are there in the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter-3 Drainage?

There are 6 questions and a map-pointing task in the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter-3 Drainage . The first few questions have sub-parts. There are very short answer type questions, short answer type questions, and long answer type questions, in this chapter. You will find solutions for all the questions in this PDF and refer to them to understand the appropriate answer pattern.

3. Give two reasons for which rivers are important for a country’s economy.

The two reasons for which rivers are important for a country’s economy are as follows.

The water from the rivers is used in the hydel-power generation and for running hydro-electric dams in a country.

The rivers are also used for navigation and transportation, thereby, supporting various commercial activities of a country.

4. Are the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter- 3 Drainage reliable study resources?

Yes, the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter- 3 Drainage are very reliable study resources. These solutions are prepared by the subject matter experts at Vedantu, in adherence to the NCERT guidelines . These solutions cover all the key points of this chapter, hence by referring to these solutions you will be able to revise all the topics covered in this chapter. Also, the PDF is free to download for all students. So you can rely on these solutions of the NCERT Class 9 SST Chapter-3 for your exam preparation.

5. What is the basic concept of Chapter 3 in the Social Science book? 

Chapter 3 in the Class 9 Social Science book is “ Drainage ”. It is one of the crucial topics covered in the Class 9 Geography book ‘Contemporary India’. The chapter deals with the drainage system of Indian rivers. Moreover, it also covers other water bodies, drainage systems like Peninsular rivers, Himalayan rivers, pollution in rivers, lakes, islands, and the impact of climate. The chapter also comprises maps and diagrams to draw student’s attention.

6. What is the weightage of Chapter 3 Drainage in Social Science paper? 

Chapter 3 Drainage in Geography Class 9 book is one of those chapters in Social Studies where you can score well. Lots of questions from this chapter are asked in the examination. Therefore, you must read its NCERT Solutions available on Vedantu to have a better outlook of the topic. These are also available on the Vedantu app and they are free of cost. If you read this chapter thoroughly, you’ll be able to score extra marks easily in your Social Science paper.

7. Write the advantages of reading NCERT Solutions for Chapter 3 Drainage. 

There are endless advantages of reading NCERT Solutions of Chapter 3 Drainage from the Class 9 Geography book ‘Contemporary India ’. The advantages are - 

The NCERT Solutions for this chapter will assist students to get all the missing answers.

These solutions will help you solve textbook questions. 

They enact the best study material so that students can clarify their doubts. 

The NCERT Solutions can also be used as reference materials to write answers to the questions given at the end of this chapter. 

8. Write examples of east flowing rivers in India. 

There are numerous examples of east flowing rivers in India. The Brahmaputra, the Ganga, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Mahanadi, the Vaigai, the Penneru, the Kaveri, the Pannaiyar and the Subarnarekha are some examples of these rivers. All east flowing rivers drain their water in the Bay of Bengal and cover 77% of the area in the Indian drainage system. These rivers have huge catchment areas and form deltas instead of estuaries. 

9. Write examples of west flowing rivers in India. 

The examples of west flowing rivers are the Narmada, the Indus, the Tapi, the Mahi, the Ghaagar, the Sabarmati, the Saravati, the Luni, the Periyar, the Bharat Puja, and the Pumba. The other west flowing rivers on the western coast of India descend from Sahyadris. All the west flowing rivers flow into the Arabian sea. As compared to east flowing rivers, these cover an area of 23% in the drainage system of India and form estuaries besides deltas.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science

Cbse study materials.

• School Guide
• Class 9 Syllabus
• Maths Notes Class 9
• Science Notes Class 9
• History Notes Class 9
• Geography Notes Class 9
• Political Science Notes Class 9
• NCERT Soln. Class 9 Maths
• RD Sharma Soln. Class 9
• Math Formulas Class 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 3: Drainage

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The NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 on Drainage includes questions about India’s river system. This chapter focuses on the rivers originating from the Himalayas, those in the peninsular region, lakes, and the significance of rivers in the economy, as well as river pollution. To find answers to all six questions given in the exercise, consult the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 on Drainage. These solutions are designed according to the NCERT textbook. Students can use these solutions to prepare for their CBSE exams.

In this article, we are going to discuss NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 3: Drainage in detail.

The term ‘drainage’ refers to the river system of a region. Small streams flowing from various directions come together to form the main river, which eventually empties into a large water body such as a lake, sea, or ocean. CBSE Notes for Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 on Drainage will help you understand India’s drainage system. Towards the end of the chapter, you will also learn about lakes, their significance, the economic role of rivers, and river pollution. The area drained by a single river system is called a drainage basin. Any elevated area, like a mountain or highland, that separates two drainage basins is known as a water divide. Here are the solutions.

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) in which of the following states is the wular lake located.

(a) Rajasthan (b) Punjab (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir

(ii) The river Narmada has its source at

(a) Satpura (b) Amarkantak (c) Brahmagiri (d) Slopes of the Western Ghat

(iii) Which one of the following lakes is a saltwater lake?

(a) Sambhar (b) Wular (c) Dal (d) Gobind Sagar

(iv) Which one of the following is the longest river in Peninsular India?

(a) Narmada (b) Godavari (c) Krishna (d) Mahanadi

(v) Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?

(a) Mahanadi (b) Krishna (c) Tungabhadra (d) Tapi

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) what is meant by a water divide give an example..

Any high area, like a mountain or a plateau, that separates two drainage basins is called an upland. It’s also known as a water divide. For instance, the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga River Systems.

(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?

The Ganga River Basin is the largest river basin in India.

(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?

Indus River origin – Near Manasarovar Lake, Tibet Ganga River origin – Gangotri glacier in Uttaranchal

(iv) Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?

The two headstreams of the Ganga are Alaknanda and Bhagirathi. They both meet to form Ganga at Devprayag.

(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?

In Tibet, the river carries less water and sediment because it’s a cold and arid area. In India, it flows through a region with heavy rainfall. Therefore, the river carries a lot of water and a significant amount of sediment.

(vi) Which two Peninsular rivers flow through a trough?

Narmada and Tapi are the two Peninsular rivers that flow through a trough.

(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.

Rivers have been incredibly important throughout human history. The water from rivers is a crucial natural resource, necessary for many human activities. That’s why people have settled along riverbanks since ancient times. Using rivers for watering crops, traveling, and generating electricity is especially important, especially in countries like India, where most people depend on farming for their livelihoods.

3. Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories – natural and created by human beings. (a) Wular (b) Dal (c) Nainital (d) Bhimtal (e) Gobind Sagar (f) Loktak (g) Barapani (h) Chilika (i) Sambhar (j) Rana Pratap Sagar (k) Nizam Sagar (l) Pulicat (m) Nagarjuna Sagar (n) Hirakund

Natural Lakes Wular Dal Nainital Bhimtal Loktal Chilika Pulicat Sambhar Barapani Human-made Lakes Gobind Sagar Rana Pratap Sagar Nizam Sagar Nagarjuan Sagar Hirakud

4. Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.

Himalayan Rivers These are perennial rivers. Receive water from Rain and Snowfall. Peninsular Rivers These are seasonal rivers. Dependent on rainfall. During dry seasons, the rivers get dried up

5. Compare the east-flowing and the west-flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.

West flowing rivers There are only 2 long West flowing rivers – Narmada and Tapi. They flow into the Arabian Sea. They have a lesser number of tributaries. Form estuaries. Carry lesser sediments. East flowing rivers: Many major rivers, Mahanadi, Cauvery, Godavari, Krishna, etc. They flow into the Bay of Bengal. Have many tributaries. Forms Deltas. Carry larger sediments than West flowing rivers.

6. Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?

Rivers have been extremely important throughout human history. Water from rivers is a basic natural necessity, crucial for various human activities. That’s why settlements have always formed along riverbanks since ancient times. These settlements have grown into large cities today. Using rivers for irrigation, transportation, and generating electricity is especially important, especially in a country like India, where agriculture is the main livelihood for most people.

Drainage Summary

The word “drainage” refers to the river network of a region. A drainage basin refers to the area drained by a single river system. Chapter 3 on Drainage in NCERT Class 9 Geography textbooks – ‘Contemporary India I’ focuses on India’s river system. The chapter covers the following topics in depth.

1. The Himalayan Rivers

• The Indus River System
• The Ganga River System
• The Brahmaputra River System

2. The Peninsular Rivers

• Narmada Basin
• Godavari Basin
• Mahanadi Basin
• Krishna Basin
• Kaveri Basin

4. Role of Rivers in Economy

Students will also learn about the reasons behind river pollution and its impact on society. Understanding the issues associated with the rising levels of river pollution will help students grasp the importance of conserving resources such as water bodies for creating a healthier living environment.

Also Read: Drainage System of India Define the term Drainage and Drainage Basin Which is the largest drainage system in India? Ganga River System: Origin, Drainage, Tributaries & More

FAQs – NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 3: Drainage

What is drainage class 9 short answer .

Drainage of a landmass refers to its river system. Small streams which flow from different directions usually come together to form the main river body. This river drains into a larger water body like a lake, sea, or ocean. The area which is drained by a single river system is termed a drainage basin.

What is drainage in social science?

The term drainage describes the river. system of an area. Look at the physical map. You will notice that small streams flowing from different directions come together to form the main river, which ultimately drains into a large water body such as a lake or a sea or an ocean.

What is drainage basin Class 9 short answer?

The correct option is A Area drained by a river and its tributaries. The area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin. The Amazon basin, located in northern South America, was the largest drainage basin in the world.

What is drainage short note?

Drainage, in agriculture, the artificial removal of water from land. Drainage is employed in the reclamation of wetlands, in the prevention of erosion, and as a concomitant of irrigation in the agriculture of arid regions.

What is a drainage answer?

Drainage is the system or process by which water or other liquids are drained from a place. Line the pots with pebbles to ensure good drainage.

What is drainage in geography?

The flow of water through well-defined channels is known as ‘drainage’ and the network of such channels is called a ‘drainage system’. The drainage pattern of an area is the outcome of the geological time period, nature and structure of rocks, topography, slope, amount of water flowing and the periodicity of the flow.

What is drainage pattern Class 9?

Drainage Pattern is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. The pattern created by stream erosion over time reveals characteristics of the kind of rocks and geologic structures in a landscape region drained by streams.

What is drainage system of India Class 9?

Different parts of India are drained by different rivers and different drainage systems. There are majorly two river systems which are Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers. Himalayan Rivers rise in the snow-capped Himalayas. These rivers are perennial rivers.

What is called drainage area?

The term “drainage area” is defined as the land area where precipitation falls off into creeks, streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It is a land feature that can be identified by tracing a line along the highest elevation between two areas on a map, often a ridge.

What is the drainage system notes?

The flow of water through well-defined channels is known as drainage and the network of such channels is called a “drainage system”. The drainage system of an area is the outcome of the geological time period, nature and structure of rocks, slope, topography, amount of water flowing and the periodicity of flow.

What is drainage system in India Class 9?

The term ‘drainage’ refers to natural or artificial removal of surface or sub surface water from areas in excess of it. In geomorphological terms, the term ‘drainage system’ refers to a system of rivers that naturally drain the satured regions into a typically, low lying areas called ‘drainage basins’.

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Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Drainage

In this page, you can find CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Drainage Pdf free download, NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science  will make your practice complete.

Drainage Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1. The Indian rivers are divided into two major groups. Name them. Answer:

• The Himalayan rivers
• The Peninsular rivers

Question 2. Which are the two major Himalayan rivers? Answer: The two major Himalayan rivers are the Indus and the Brahmaputra.

Question 3. Where do the Indus and the Brahmaputra originate from? Answer: These rivers originate from the north of the mountain ranges.

Question 4. Give one feature of the Himalayan rivers. Answer: Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial which means that they have water throughout the year.

Question 5. What do you mean by a river system? Answer: A river along with its tributaries is called a river system.

Question 6. Name the tributaries that join the river Indus in the Kashmir region. Answer: The Zaskar, the Nubra, the Shyok and the Hunza.

Question 7. What is the total length of the river Indus? Answer: The total length of the river Indus is 2900 km.

Question 8. Name the Indian states in which the Indus basin is located. Answer: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and the Punjab.

Question 9. In which country is the major portion of the Indus lying? Answer: The major portion of the Indus is lying in Pakistan.

Question 10. What is the Indus Water Treaty? Answer: The Indus Water Treaty took place in the year 1960. According to its regulations, India can use only 20 percent of the total water carried by Indus river system.

Question 11. Name any two tributaries of the river Ganga. Answer:

• The Yamuna, and
• The Ghaghara

Question 12. Where does the Yamuna meet the Ganga? Answer: The Yamuna meets the Ganga at Allahabad.

Question 13. What is the length of the river Ganga? Answer: The length of the river Ganga is over 2500 km.

Question 14. Which drainage pattern is formed by the Ganga? Answer: The river Ganga forms dendrites pattern, which resembles the shape of a tree and is the most common pattern on the earth’s surface.

Question 15. Ambala is located on the water divide between which two river systems? Answer: These two river systems are—the Indus and the Ganga river systems.

Question 16. Where does the river Brahmaputra has its origin? Answer: The Brahmaputra has its origin in Tibet east of Mansarovar lake.

Question 17. What is the Brahmaputra called in Arunachal Pradesh? Answer: In Arunachal Pradesh the Brahmaputra is called the Dihang.

Question 18. What is the Bramaputra known as in Tibet and Bangladesh? Answer: The Brahmaputra is known as the Tsang Po in Tibet and the Jamuna in Bangladesh.

Question 19. Name the world’s largest riverine island formed by the Brahmaputra. Answer: It is Majoli.

Question 20. Name any two Peninsular rivers. Answer:

• The Mahanadi, and
• The Godavari

Question 21. Name two west-flowing rivers that make estuaries. Answer:

• The Narmada and

Question 22. Which two states of India are covered by the Narmada basin? Answer: The Narmada basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

Question 23. The Godavari is joined by many tributaries. Name them. Answer: The Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga.

Question 24. What is known as the Dakshin Ganga? Answer: The three tributaries of the Godavari namely the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga are very large. Because of its length and the area it covers, it is also known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’.

Question 25. Name the Tributaries of the river Krishna. Answer: The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima.

Question 26. What is known as the Sivasamudram? Answer: The waterfall made by the river Kaveri is known as Sivasamudram.

Question 27. Which is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta? Mention one feature of this delta. Answer: The Sundarban Delta is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta. It is the home of Royal Bengal tiger.

Question 28. The drainage basin of which river is the largest among the peninsular rivers? Answer: The drainage basin of the river Godavari is the largest among the peninsular rivers.

Question 29. Name some smaller peninsular rivers that flow towards the east. Answer: The Damoder, the Brahmani, the Baitami and the Subarnrekha.

Question 30. The water of which lake is used for producing salt? Where is it located? Answer: The water of the Sambhar lake is used for producing salt. It is located in Rajasthan.

Question 31. Name some freshwater lakes located. Answer: The Dal Lake, Bhimtal, Nainitial, Loktak and Barapan

Question 32. Where is the Loktak lake located? Answer: The Loktak located in Manipur.

Question 33. Name some lagoons that are found in the coastal areas. Answer: The Chilika lake, the Pulicat lake and the Kolleru lake.

Question 34. Where does the river Mahanadi have its origin? Answer: The river Mahanadi has its origin in the highlands of Chhattisgrah.

Question 35. Which river causes widespread devastation due to flood in Assam? Answer: It is the river Brahmaputra.

Question 36. Why are the coastal rivers of the Indian peninsula short? Answer: The coastal plains between Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea are vary narrow. Hence, the coastal rivers are short.

Question 37. Name the two main right bank tributaries of the Ganga. Answer: The Yamuna and the Son.

Question 38. What is the source of the river Yamuna? Answer: The source of the river Yamuna is Yamunotri glacier in the Himalayas.

Question 39. Where does the river Godavari originate from? Answer: The river Godavarti originates from the Nasik district of Maharashtra.

Question 40. Which lake has been formed due to tectonic activities? Answer: The Wular lake in Jammu and Kashmir has been formed due to tectonic activities.

Question 41. What is the area drained by a single river system called? Answer: It is called drainage basin.

Question 42. Which type of drainage pattern does a river develop on a strongly jointed rocky terrain? Answer: A river develops a rectangular drainage pattern on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.

Question 43. Which type of drainage pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure? Answer: The radial drainage pattern develops.

Drainage Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Short Answers Type

Question 1. Why are the Peninsular rivers seasonal in nature? Answer:

• The Peninsular rivers are seasonal in nature because their flow is highly dependent on rainfall unlike the Himalayan rivers which are perennial.
• Most of the peninsular rivers flow through the plateaus and low hills devoid of snow.
• The peninsular rivers have shorter and shallower courses as compared to the Himalayan rivers. Such rivers fail to contain water for longer periods. When it rains good, they have ample water but when it is dry season, even the large rivers have reduced flow of water in their channels.

Question 2. Give the features of the Himalayan rivers. Or Mention the features made by the Himalayan rivers with the help of a diagram. Answer:

• Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial. It means that they have water throughout the year.
• The Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea. They perform intensive erosional activity in their upper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand.
• In the middle and lower courses, these rivers form meanders, Ox-bow lakes and many other depositional features in their floodplain. They also have well-developed deltas.

Question 3. Give some of the similarities between the Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers. Answer: Although the Himalayan rivers differ from the Peninsular rivers in many ways, they have some similarities too:

• Both the river systems have their large drainage basins.
• Both make deltas at their mouths.
• The rivers of both the regions are joined by many tributaries as a result of which the main river gets ample water and silt.

Question 4. Describe the following drainage patterns of streams: (i) Radial (ii) Dendrite (iii) Trellis (iv) Rectangular Answer: The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure as well as the climatic conditions of the area. These are dendritic, trellis, radial and rectangular. (i) Radial: The radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure.

(ii) Dendritic: The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain. The stream with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree, thus the name dendritic.

(iii) Trellis: A trellis drainage pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other. A river joined by its tributaries, at approximately right angles, develops a trellis pattern.

(iv) Rectangular: A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.

Question 5. Which three river systems form the Himalayan river system? Describe briefly any one of them. Answer: The three river systems that form the Himalayan river system are:

• The Indus river system
• The Ganga river system
• The Brahmaputra river system

The Brahmaputra rises in the Tibet, east of Mansarovar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj. Most of its course lies outside India. It flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas. It enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, it is joined by several tributaries such as the Dibang, the Lohit to form the Brahmaputra in Assam.

In Indian part, the river passes through a region of high rainfall and therefore it carries a large volume of water and silt. It has a branded channel in its entire length in Assam and forms many riverine islands. Every year during the rainy season, the river overflows its banks, causing widespread devastation due to floods in Assam and Bangladesh.

Question 6. Where does river Brahmaputra rise? Where does it enter into India? Name two of its tributaries. Answer:

• River Brahmaputra rises in Tibet, east of Mansarovar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj.
• It enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge.
• Two of its tributaries are—The Dibang and the Lohit.

Question 7. What is the difference between tributary and distributary? Write any three points of distinction. Answer: (i) A tributary and a distributary are both bodies of freshwater that eventually meet with or diverge from rivers, but they differ in the direction that they flow.

(ii) A tributary is a stream that flows into larger river. A distributary is a stream that splits off from a larger river and flows in different direction.

(iii) A tributary increases the volume of water of the main river whereas a distributary decreases the volume of water of the main river. Example: the Yamuna is the tributary of the Ganga. Whereas the Hooghly is the distributary of the Ganga.

Question 8. Describe three important characteristics of Sundarban Delta. Answer:

• It is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta.
• It is also the home of Royal Bengal tigers.
• Sunderban Delta derived its name from the Sundari tree which grows well in marshland.

Question 9. Describe the three main features of Narmada basin. Answer: The Narmada is an important peninsular river that rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. Three of its main features are:

• It flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting. On its way to the sea, the Narmada creates many picturesque locations.
• All the tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the main stream at right angles.
• The Narmada basin extends over states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. It is bounded by the Vindhyas on the north, by the Maikala range on the east, by the Satpuras on the south and by the Arabian Sea on the west.

Question 10. Define drainage basin and describe two patterns of drainage in India. Answer: The area drained by a single river system is called a drainage basin. The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure as well as the climatic conditions of the area. These are dendritic, trellis, radial and rectangular.

• Radial: The radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure.
• Dendritic: The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain. The stream with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree, thus the name dendritic.
• Trellis: A trellis drainage pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other. A river joined by its tributaries, at approximately right angles, develops a trellis pattern.
• Rectangular: A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.

Question 11. Where does river Narmada originate? Name any two picturesque locations formed by it. Answer: The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. It flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting. The ‘Marble rocks’ near Jabalpur where the Narmada flows through a deep gorge, and the ‘Dhuadhar falls’ where the river plunges over steep rocks, are some of notable picturesque locations.

Question 12. Where does the river Indus rise from? What is its length? Write any two tributaries of river Indus. Answer:

• The rivers Indus rises in Tibet, near lake Mansarovar, flowing west, it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The total length of the rivers is 2900 km.
• Two tributaries of the Indus are – the Zaskar and the Nubra.

Question 13. Where does the river Tapi originate? Write its main features. Answer: The Tapi is one the major peninsular rivers which rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. The main features of this river basin are given below:

• It flows in a rift valley parallel to the Narmada but it is much shorter in length. Its basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• It has two well-defined physical regions, i.e., the hilly regions and the plains. The hilly regions are well forested while the plains are broad and fertile areas suitable for cultivation.

Question 14. Describe important features of the Mahanadi basin. Give three factual information about the Mahanadi basin. Answer:

• The Mahanadi is one of the major peninsular rivers which rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh.
• It flows through Odisha to reach the Bay of Bengal. The total length of the river is about 860 km.
• Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha.

Question 15. Where does the river Kaveri originate? What is its total length? Name its main tributaries. Or Describe important features of the Kaveri basin. Answer:

• The Kaveri rises in the Brahmagri range of the Western Ghats and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in south of Cuddalore, in Tamil Nadu.
• The total length of the river is about 760 km.
• The main tributaries of this river are—Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati and Kabini. It basin drains parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Question 16. Describe important features of the Krishna basin. Answer:

• The Krishna is an important peninsular river. It rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar and flows for about 1400 km and drains into the Bay of Bengal.
• The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima are some of its tributaries.
• Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Question 17. Which two peninsular rivers form estuaries? Name the states in which these rivers drain the water. Answer:

• The two peninsular rivers that form estuaries are the Narmada and the Tapi.
• The Narmada drains into Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
• The Tapi drains into Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Question 18. Why do the Himalayan rivers get flooded every year? Mention the main advantages of these rivers. Answer: The Himalayan rivers are perennial having water throughout the year. These rivers receive water from melted snow from the lofty mountains. They also receive abundant water from rainfall during the rainy season. So, they get flooded every year. The Himalayan rivers have great advantages:

• They have longer courses and they carry more sediments in them enriching the soil of the northern plains for extensive agriculture.
• They have great potential for hydro power making irrigation and navigation easy.

Question 19. Why are the peninsular rivers not navigable? Answer:

• The Peninsular rivers are mostly seasonal in nature. The flow of these rivers depends upon rainfall and they usually get dried up in the summer.
• River beds are uneven, rocky and have sharp slopes.
• Dams cannot be constructed on these rivers.
• These reasons make peninsular rivers not navigable.

Question 20. Give a brief description of freshwater lakes found in India. Answer: Most of the freshwater lakes are located in the Himalayan regions. They are of glacial origin. They formed when glaciers dug out a basin, which was later filled with snow melt. The Wular lake in Jammu and Kashmir is the largest freshwater lake in India. It is the result of the tectonic activity. The Dal lake, Bhimtal, Nainital, Loktak and Barapani are some other important freshwater lakes in our country.

Question 21. Describe how the lakes found in India differ from each other in size, and other characteristics. Answer: There are many lakes in India. These differ from each other in size, and other characteristics:

• Most lakes are permanent while some contain water only during the rainy season, like the lakes in the basins of inland drainage of semi-arid regions.
• Some lakes are the result of the action of glaciers and ice-sheets; while the others have been formed by wind, river action and human activities.
• A meandering river across a floodplain forms cut-offs that later develop into Ox-box lakes.

Drainage Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Long Answers Type

Question 1. Which are the major Himalayan rivers? Give a brief description of the Indus river system. Answer: The major Himalayan rivers are the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. The Indus river is one of the beautiful rivers of India. Together with its tributaries such as the Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum, the Indus river forms an important river system, which helps in the development of Indian economy.

The river Indus originates near the Mansarovar lake in the Tibetan plateau, on the northern slopes of the Kailash mountain range. Flowing west, it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. Subsequently, the river gets into Pakistan through Balistan and Gilgit, running across the north in a southward route down the entire span of Pakistan, to join the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi, The Indus plain has a very gentle slope.

The total length of the river is 2900 km. It is also the longest river in Pakistan. A little over a third of the Indus basin is located in India in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and the Punjab and the rest is in Pakistan.

Question 2. Describe the important characteristics of the Brahmaputra river system. Answer: The three river systems that form the Himalayan river system are:

Question 3. Give the main features of the Ganga river system. Answer: The Ganga river system consists of the master river Ganga and a large number of its tributaries such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi. The main features of this river system are:

(i) This system drains a very large area comprising the middle part of the Himalayas in the north, the northern part of the India plateau in the south and the Ganga plain in between Needless to say that the Ganga plain is one of the most fertile plains of the world.

(ii) The Ganga originates as Bhagirathi from the Gangotri glacier in Uttar Kashi district of Uttarakhand at an elevation of 7,010 m. Alaknanda joins it at Devaprayag.

(iii) After travelling 280 km from its source, the Ganga reaches Haridwar, debouches from the hills and enters plain area. From here it flows in south and south-east direction for a distance of 770 km to reach Allahabad. Here it is joined by the Yamuna which is the main tributary.

(iv) Enlarged with the waters from its right and left bank tributaries, The Ganga flows eastwards till Farakka in West Bengal. Subsequently, It flows southwards into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra. Further down stream, it is known as the Meghna. This mighty river, with waters from the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, flows into the Bay of Bengal.

(v) The length of the Ganga is over 2500 km. Its basis is the most heavily populated in the world with over 400 million people living here.

Question 4. Which is the largest peninsular river? Describe some of its important features. Answer: The Godavari is the largest peninsular river. Some of its important features are:

• It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. Its length is about 1500 km.
• It drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its drainage basin also the largest among the peninsular rivers.
• The basin covers parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
• The Godavari is joined by a number of tributaries such as the Puma, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga. The last three tributaries are very large.
• The Godavari river is also known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’ since it is largest Peninsular river like the large Himalayan river. It is like the Ganga river in the south so it is also called he ‘Dakshin Ganga’.

Question 5. Define the term ‘Drainage’. Describe various drainage patterns of rivers. Answer: The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure as well as the climatic conditions of the area. These are dendritic, trellis, radial and rectangular.

Question 6. Explain briefly the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP). Answer: (i) The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase -1 was taken up as 100% centrally funded scheme and aimed at preventing the pollution of river Ganga and to improve its water quality. The plan was initiated in June 1985.

(ii) The Steering Committee of the National River Conservation Authority reviewed the progress of the GAP and necessary correction on the basis of lessons learnt and experiences gained from GAP phase-I.

(iii) The programme of river cleaning was extended to other major polluted rivers of the country under two separate schemes of GAP Phase-II and the National River Conservation Plan.

(iv) The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase-II has been merged with the National River Conservation Plan. The expanded NRCP now covers 152 towns located along 27 interstate rivers in 16 states. Under this action plan, pollution abatement workers are being taken up in 57 towns.

(v) A total of 215 schemes of pollution abatement have been sanctioned. So far, 69 schemes have been completed under this action plan. A million litres of sewage is targeted to be intercepted, diverted and treated.

Question 7. How does a river affect the economy of a country? Answer:

The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas and the peninsular uplands. Give a brief description of these tributaries.

(i) The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas. A few of them are major rivers such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi.

(ii) The river Yamuna rises from the Yamunotri glacier in the Himalayas. It flows parallel to the Ganga and as a right bank tributary, meets the Ganga at Allahabad.

(iii) The Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi rise in the Nepal Himalayas. These rivers flood parts of the northern plains every year, causing huge damage to life and property. But at the same time they enrich the soil for agricultural activities.

(iv) The main tributaries, which come from the peninsular uplands, are the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son. These rise from semi arid areas, have shorter courses and do not carry much water in them.

(v) The Chambal and the Betwa join Yamuna at Etawah district and Hamirpur town in Uttar Pradesh. The Son joins the river Ganga near Patna, Bihar.

Question 8. Describe the main characteristic features of the Peninsular rivers. Answer: (i) The Peninsular rivers are mostly seasonal, as their flow is heavily dependent on the rainfall. During the dry season, even the larger rivers have reduced flow of water in their channels.

(ii) These rivers have shorter and shallower courses as compared to the Himalayan rivers. The smaller courses flow through plateau and coastal plains.

(iii) Most of the major rivers of the Peninsula such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make deltas at their mouths. The Narmada and the Tapi are the only long rivers, which flow west and make estuaries.

Drainage Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1. What are the main reasons of river pollution? Suggest some of the ways to prevent it. Answer: There are several reasons of river water pollution in India. Some of them are given below. (i) The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural demand for water from rivers adversely affect the quality of water.

(ii) More and more water is being drained out of the rivers reducing their volume. On the other hand, a heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are emptied into the rivers. This degrades the quality of water. This also affects the self-cleansing capacity of the river.

(iii) The increasing urbanisation and industrialisation have worsened the situation. The pollution level of many rivers of India has risen due to these two reasons. Many towns and cities which come up on the banks of river have not given a proper thought to problem of wastewater, severage, etc. Many suggestions are given time to time to prevent river water pollution. Some of them are:

• Untreated sewage and industrial effluents should not be emptied into the rivers.
• We should not throw domestic wastes into rivers. Dirty clothes should not be washed on the river banks.
• Industries should clean the chemical wastes before discharging it into rivers.
• Farmers should minimise the use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilisers as they flow away with rainwater into rivers and cause great havoc to aquatic animals.

Question 2. What is a lagoon? How does it differ from a lake? Answer: Lagoon is a stretch of brackish or salt water separated from the sea by a sandbank, bars, reefs, etc. The actions of the wind and waves along coasts builds spits and bars in the inlets of seas, isolating lagoons from the sea. They are commonly found off the deltas of large rivers such as the Chilika lake, the Pulicut lake, Kolleru lake, etc. A lagoon differs from lake in the following ways:

• Lagoons are found only in coastal regions, usually near the mouths of rivers while lakes may be formed in any geographical location.
• Lagoons have brackish water while a lake may have freshwater or salty water.
• Lagoons are formed due to winds and wave actions in the coasts. Lake may be formed of tectonic activity.

Question 3. Describe any five peninsular rivers of India. Answer: There are altogether six peninsular rivers in India. Five of them are: (i) The Narmada Basin: The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. It flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting. On its way to the sea, the Narmada creates many picturesque locations.

(ii) The Tapi Basin: The Tapi rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. It also flows in a rift valley parallel to the Narmada but it is much shorter in length.

(iii) The Godavari Basin: It is the largest peninsular river. It rise from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. It drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its drainage basin is also the largest among the peninsular rivers. It is also known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’.

(iv) The Mahanadi Basin: It arises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh. It flows through Odisha to reach the Bay of Bengal.

(v) The Krishan Basin: It rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar and flows for about 1400 km and reaches the Bay of Bengal. Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Drainage Class 9 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Value-based Questions (VBQs)

Question 1. What is special about Sivasamudram? Answer: The river Kaveri makes the second biggest waterfall in india. It is known as Sivasamudram. The hydro-electric power generated from the falls is supplied to Mysore, Bengaluru and the Kolar Gold field.

Question 2. How is Sambhar lake useful? Answer: Sambhar lake is located in Rajasthan. It is India’s largest salt-water lake. Its water is used for producing salt. Its location in Rajasthan is a boon to the state as it has made the state the third largest salt producing state in India.

Question 3. ‘Lakes are of great value to human beings’. Explain. Answer: Lakes are helpful to mankind in many different ways:

• They regulate the flow of a river. During heavy rainfall, it prevents flooding and during the dry season, it helps to maintain an even flow of water.
• Lakes can be used for developing hydel power.
• They moderate the climate of the surroundings, maintain the aquatic ecosystem, enhance natural beauty, attract tourists and provide recreation.

Question 4. Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout the human history. Justify the statement. Answer:

• Rivers are of utmost importance for the country’s economy. Their water is used for irrigation without which farming is almost impossible.
• Rivers boost-trade and commerce by helping in the easy transport of goods.
• River water is used for navigation and transport. Without rivers commercial activities will come to standstill.
• Rivers main aquatic ecosystem, enhance natural beauty, help develop tourism and provide recreation.
• Many of the multi-purpose projects in India have been built on rivers.
• Rivers are a major source of fish which provide livelihood to a big section of the population.

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Case Study Questions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 India – Size and Location

• Last modified on: 9 months ago
• Reading Time: 4 Minutes

Case Study Questions

Question 1:

Read the following source and answer the questions that follows:

India’s contacts with the World have continued through ages but her relationships through the land routes are much older than her maritime contacts. The various passes across the mountains in the north have provided passages to the ancient travellers, while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time. These routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times. The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchatantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the world. The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries. On the other hand, the influence of Greek sculpture, and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of our country.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

(i) India’s relationship through the routes and much older than her maritime contacts. (A) Railways (B) Land (C) Waterways (D) Airways

(ii) The various passes across the mountains in the have provided passages to the ancient travellers. (A) South (B) West (C) North (D) East

(iii) Name two Contributions in the field of Mathematics which Originated from India. (A) Number System (B) Indian Numerals (C) Decimal System (D) Both (b) and (c)

(iv) On the other hand, the influence of the sculpture and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of our Country. (A) Spanish (B) Greek (C) Italian (D) German

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