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10 Amazing Case Study Design Examples

March 16, 2023

Words by Jeff Cardello

Wondering how to grow your business? Our favorite case study design examples will definitely spark a few lightbulb moments.

For agencies, one of the most effective ways to communicate your technical expertise, problem-solving skills, and professional knowledge is to show how you’ve put this all into action in real-world examples of your work. For SaaS companies, case studies are your chance to share how your product provides value to successful customers and clients.

Case study designs should be as uniquely bold and creative as the services or products you offer. This is where no-code tools like Vev are invaluable. Using pre-coded design components, interactive case studies are easy to build and publish in as little as two hours. Let’s take a look at the basics of case study design and some stunning examples.

Why is Case Study Design Important?

Think of case studies as the chance to tell stories about how valuable your service or product is. It’s an opportunity to lead prospective clients and customers through a relatable use case, culminating in how you can help them meet— or even exceed—their goals. Case studies give freelancers and agencies the opportunity to demonstrate their skills, and SaaS companies the chance to showcase their product for various use cases. Case studies are proof of the value of your work or product.

As a reflection of your expertise and creative prowess, you’ll want to think careful about your case study design. Good design doesn’t only make for a visually engaging piece of content; it enhances the functionality and can help support your authority. You’ll find that the best case study design examples will have a few things in common:

• They are visually captivating . All good case study designs will include a combination of photo, video, and illustrations or charts to tell a story of their clients’ success. Rather than just relying on text, these visual aids back-up any claims being made as well as visually capturing the attention of readers.
• They are laser focused. With case study design, there’s no room for filler. Copy is clear and concise, offering explanations about the customer’s goals, as well as the tools, techniques, and skills used to achieve these. You’ll notice most case studies follow a fool-proof structure: establish the client problem, present the solution, explore the benefits and value delivered.
• They tell a story. Often, a chronology of the work process that takes people through what happened at each stage. Some case studies even use horizontal scrolling timelines to showcase this in a more imaginative way.
• They hammer home ROI. case studies are full of data on how the project or product succeeded in meeting the client’s goals or objectives. From animated charts to number counters , this is another opportunity to make sure your design pops and draws attention to the core impact of your service or product.
• They drive action. good case studies urge website visitors to take further actions, such as book a call or demo, get in touch, purchase your product, or book your services. These are usually included in the case study design as a button , brightly colored and prominent placed to grab attention and make next steps clear.

10 Case Study Design Examples

There are so many ways to put together a case study — and as a reflection of your brand, you’ll want to get creative with it. We’re going to take you through several case study design examples that manage to capture what went on behind the scenes in ways that is both informative and visually engaging.

Vev - Decimal

Giving real-world examples of how people use your products is a great way to demonstrate their value. We put together this case study on how Decimal uses Vev for interactive prototyping. As a creative agency that utilizes 3D animations and video in their web projects, it’s essential that clients grasp how complex interactivity will work up front. This case study focuses on how important Vev is for Decimal to explore and communicate interactivity internally and with clients in the early stages of a project.

Along with telling the story about how Decimal uses Vev, we also included plenty of action-packed visuals in the form of screen captures, animations, horizontal scrolling, and micro-interactions that make this a lively and engaging case study design.

DFY - Galaxy Z7 FLIP3 5G

Writing a case study lets you go in-depth into the strategy and reasoning that guided your work. In this case study DFY talks about what went into creating a website for the Galaxy Z Flip3 5G phone. It covers the marketing goals and the decisions DFY made for the visuals of this design that would show people why they should buy it.

DFY was tasked with creating a design that showed that the Galaxy Z Flip3 5G wasn’t a throwback to the clunky days of flip phones, but rather a sleek and modern reimagining. Much of this case study goes into the visuals and 360-view animations they created and how they were used to highlight this product’s main features. 

What’s impressive isn’t just the beautiful visuals they created for the Galaxy Z Flip3 5G website, but this case study itself. It echoes the same creative approach with a space full of brilliant effects and interactivity making it one of the most visually compelling case study design examples we’ve come across.

Publicis Norway - Burger King Spicy Whopper

Case study design examples can range from huge and expansive reads covering every bit of minutiae about a project, or they may provide just enough context and background in understanding what was behind it.

The Norwegian arm of international media and tech agency Publicis specializes in PR, marketing, and video production. This case study they made in Vev for the Burger King Spicy Whopper succeeds with minimal text, taking a highly visual approach. They let the video they made speak for itself, demonstrating to potential clients their creative skills with a video that captures the burger’s heat in a way that’s offbeat and ridiculous in just the right ways.

Orizon - LoveTheSales 

When discussing something like a rebrand, you want to explain why it was necessary, show what needed to be changed, and demonstrate how it succeeded. In this case study Orizon gives plenty of background into why the e-commerce website LoveTheSales wanted to change things up. There are numerous examples throughout of problem areas in terms of UI and UX, and what Orizon did to address these issues.

Orizon’s rebranding for LoveTheSales met its objectives, as demonstrated throughout this case study with metrics as well as quantitative insights showing the positive outcomes of Orizon’s work. With fade-in animations and a custom cursor, this colorful case study design example keeps readers scrolling to the end.

Colin Reitz - Marine Data Platform

If you’re a designer, writer, programmer, or in another type of creative field, having a portfolio website is essential in getting your work out there in front of prospective clients and employers. Case studies can be a big part of demonstrating your talents, skills, and knowledge. 

Colin Reitz is a designer with a multidisciplinary skill set that touches UI and UX design, strategy, and technology. In this case study made in Vev, he explains how he created the Marine Data Platform which is a collaborative and interactive web app that collects data gathered from oceanic sensors.

If it sounds like there are a dizzying number of moving parts to this application, you would be right, but Colin doesn’t let the complexities of this project get in the way. With an easy to follow layout and screenshots of the work he completed, it’s immediately easy to see how much work Colin put into the project. The use of image carousels even keeps the page short and relevant visuals grouped together. We love seeing case study design examples like Colin’s that distill a large amount of information in a way that is easy to understand and looks good.

Miracle Next - Prehistoric Chef

We love seeing case study design examples that not only highlight talents and expertise, but capture the creative sensibilities of those behind them. Miracle Next is a game development studio with a focus on 3D modeling. This case study for the game Prehistoric Chef has a nice balance between visuals that demonstrate their skills as artists, as well as text that gives a glimpse into their creative process.

Whether it’s the cast of prehistoric characters or the different types of food you’ll juggle in preparing the dishes that are a part of the gameplay, all of the artwork has a sense of consistency and personality. The rough drawings of the artwork are also a nice touch, showing how they transformed simple renderings into fully fleshed-out three-dimensional characters.

Dragonfly - Natural History Museum

Dragonfly worked with the National History Museum in producing a fun animated short about bugs aimed at kids. This case study showcases the storyboards, illustrations, character designs, and scriptwriting that went into creating it.

Case study design examples like this one aren’t only important in communicating the steps you took in completing a project, but serve an important marketing role. This case study shines due to its navigation. While it could be complicated in some instances to have multiple CTAs, Dragonfly makes sure that each section showcases a service they offer, linking readers directly from that section to the service they are most interested in. When you offer so much, this is a smart way to capture all prospective clients and make it easy for them to learn more about what they want to know, rather than overwhelming them with irrelevant information.

OH Partners - Arizona Lottery

In the advertising industry case studies are essential in showing how an agency’s work helps its clients in meeting their goals. Providing examples from successful marketing campaigns, along with numbers representing their positive results goes far in showing prospective clients the value of what advertising agencies do.

OH Partners , launched a campaign for the Arizona Lottery that went far in building awareness and excitement about it. They hired actor Jon Ennis, known for his work on Better Call Saul and Mr. Show as the bearded old-timey prospector, and produced several hilarious and weird spots.

This case study features images and videos from this marketing campaign, as well as data in the form of big and bold text showing how lottery sales went up, how social media likes increased, the dollar amounts of earned media, as well as numerous awards their work received.

Joy Pepper - Nextdoor

Nextdoor features stylized depictions of people from a diversity of backgrounds that add a sense of warmth and humanity to its website and app. Joy Pepper is the artist responsible for these amazing illustrations, and we love seeing case study design examples like this that go in-depth into the creative process.

Joy Pepper recounts her work in coming up with these illustrations in a case study full of wonderful details and sketches. From finding inspiration in real life, her first drawings, and the concept boards she put together, to the final versions of the icons and other artwork you get a glimpse into every step of her creative process.

Aucadian - GoLoop

It’s no secret that we’re fans of storytelling , and we love seeing case study design examples that take you along a journey from the initial spark of an idea to product launch.

GoLoop is a fleet management app, and this detailed case study begins with scribbles on a whiteboard and ends with screenshots of its sophisticated GPS-based app. From analyzing what problems it should solve and branding ideas to design elements like component libraries, typography style sheets, and color schemes this is a comprehensive look at everything that was involved in building this application.

Related articles

Website button design 101: tips, best practices and examples, prototyping in figma to live site: the vev shortcut, create your own compelling case studies with no-code.

Feeling inspired to create your own cutting-edge case study? Vev makes it easy to put one together so that you can broadcast your talents and products with the world. With a host of powerful tools, layout options, immersive effects, and animations all easy to access in Vev’s drag-and-drop interface, creating for the web has never been easier. Publish your creation anywhere when you’re done — including to your existing website.

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16 case study examples (+ 3 templates to make your own)

I like to think of case studies as a business's version of a resume. It highlights what the business can do, lends credibility to its offer, and contains only the positive bullet points that paint it in the best light possible.

Imagine if the guy running your favorite taco truck followed you home so that he could "really dig into how that burrito changed your life." I see the value in the practice. People naturally prefer a tried-and-true burrito just as they prefer tried-and-true products or services.

To help you showcase your success and flesh out your burrito questionnaire, I've put together some case study examples and key takeaways.

What is a case study?

A case study is an in-depth analysis of how your business, product, or service has helped past clients. It can be a document, a webpage, or a slide deck that showcases measurable, real-life results.

For example, if you're a SaaS company, you can analyze your customers' results after a few months of using your product to measure its effectiveness. You can then turn this analysis into a case study that further proves to potential customers what your product can do and how it can help them overcome their challenges.

It changes the narrative from "I promise that we can do X and Y for you" to "Here's what we've done for businesses like yours, and we can do it for you, too."

16 case study examples 

While most case studies follow the same structure, quite a few try to break the mold and create something unique. Some businesses lean heavily on design and presentation, while others pursue a detailed, stat-oriented approach. Some businesses try to mix both.

There's no set formula to follow, but I've found that the best case studies utilize impactful design to engage readers and leverage statistics and case details to drive the point home. A case study typically highlights the companies, the challenges, the solution, and the results. The examples below will help inspire you to do it, too.

1. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Volcanica Coffee and AdRoll

People love a good farm-to-table coffee story, and boy am I one of them. But I've shared this case study with you for more reasons than my love of coffee. I enjoyed this study because it was written as though it was a letter.

In this case study, the founder of Volcanica Coffee talks about the journey from founding the company to personally struggling with learning and applying digital marketing to finding and enlisting AdRoll's services.

It felt more authentic, less about AdRoll showcasing their worth and more like a testimonial from a grateful and appreciative client. After the story, the case study wraps up with successes, milestones, and achievements. Note that quite a few percentages are prominently displayed at the top, providing supporting evidence that backs up an inspiring story.

Takeaway: Highlight your goals and measurable results to draw the reader in and provide concise, easily digestible information.

2. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Taylor Guitars and Airtable

This Airtable case study on Taylor Guitars comes as close as one can to an optimal structure. It features a video that represents the artistic nature of the client, highlighting key achievements and dissecting each element of Airtable's influence.

It also supplements each section with a testimonial or quote from the client, using their insights as a catalyst for the case study's narrative. For example, the case study quotes the social media manager and project manager's insights regarding team-wide communication and access before explaining in greater detail.

Takeaway: Highlight pain points your business solves for its client, and explore that influence in greater detail.

3. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} EndeavourX and Figma

My favorite part of Figma's case study is highlighting why EndeavourX chose its solution. You'll notice an entire section on what Figma does for teams and then specifically for EndeavourX.

It also places a heavy emphasis on numbers and stats. The study, as brief as it is, still manages to pack in a lot of compelling statistics about what's possible with Figma.

Takeaway: Showcase the "how" and "why" of your product's differentiators and how they benefit your customers.

4. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} ActiveCampaign and Zapier

Zapier's case study leans heavily on design, using graphics to present statistics and goals in a manner that not only remains consistent with the branding but also actively pushes it forward, drawing users' eyes to the information most important to them. 

The graphics, emphasis on branding elements, and cause/effect style tell the story without requiring long, drawn-out copy that risks boring readers. Instead, the cause and effect are concisely portrayed alongside the client company's information for a brief and easily scannable case study.

Takeaway: Lean on design to call attention to the most important elements of your case study, and make sure it stays consistent with your branding.

5. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Ironclad and OpenAI

In true OpenAI fashion, this case study is a block of text. There's a distinct lack of imagery, but the study features a narrated video walking readers through the product.

The lack of imagery and color may not be the most inviting, but utilizing video format is commendable. It helps thoroughly communicate how OpenAI supported Ironclad in a way that allows the user to sit back, relax, listen, and be impressed. 

Takeaway: Get creative with the media you implement in your case study. Videos can be a very powerful addition when a case study requires more detailed storytelling.

6. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Shopify and GitHub

GitHub's case study on Shopify is a light read. It addresses client pain points and discusses the different aspects its product considers and improves for clients. It touches on workflow issues, internal systems, automation, and security. It does a great job of representing what one company can do with GitHub.

To drive the point home, the case study features colorful quote callouts from the Shopify team, sharing their insights and perspectives on the partnership, the key issues, and how they were addressed.

Takeaway: Leverage quotes to boost the authoritativeness and trustworthiness of your case study. 

7 . .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Audible and Contentful

Contentful's case study on Audible features almost every element a case study should. It includes not one but two videos and clearly outlines the challenge, solution, and outcome before diving deeper into what Contentful did for Audible. The language is simple, and the writing is heavy with quotes and personal insights.

This case study is a uniquely original experience. The fact that the companies in question are perhaps two of the most creative brands out there may be the reason. I expected nothing short of a detailed analysis, a compelling story, and video content. 

Takeaway: Inject some brand voice into the case study, and create assets that tell the story for you.

8 . .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Zoom and Asana

Asana's case study on Zoom is longer than the average piece and features detailed data on Zoom's growth since 2020. Instead of relying on imagery and graphics, it features several quotes and testimonials. 

It's designed to be direct, informative, and promotional. At some point, the case study reads more like a feature list. There were a few sections that felt a tad too promotional for my liking, but to each their own burrito.

Takeaway: Maintain a balance between promotional and informative. You want to showcase the high-level goals your product helped achieve without losing the reader.

9 . .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Hickies and Mailchimp

I've always been a fan of Mailchimp's comic-like branding, and this case study does an excellent job of sticking to their tradition of making information easy to understand, casual, and inviting.

It features a short video that briefly covers Hickies as a company and Mailchimp's efforts to serve its needs for customer relationships and education processes. Overall, this case study is a concise overview of the partnership that manages to convey success data and tell a story at the same time. What sets it apart is that it does so in a uniquely colorful and brand-consistent manner.

Takeaway: Be concise to provide as much value in as little text as possible.

10. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} NVIDIA and Workday

The gaming industry is notoriously difficult to recruit for, as it requires a very specific set of skills and experience. This case study focuses on how Workday was able to help fill that recruitment gap for NVIDIA, one of the biggest names in the gaming world.

Though it doesn't feature videos or graphics, this case study stood out to me in how it structures information like "key products used" to give readers insight into which tools helped achieve these results.

Takeaway: If your company offers multiple products or services, outline exactly which ones were involved in your case study, so readers can assess each tool.

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I'm personally not a big KFC fan, but that's only because I refuse to eat out of a bucket. My aversion to the bucket format aside, Contentful follows its consistent case study format in this one, outlining challenges, solutions, and outcomes before diving into the nitty-gritty details of the project.

Say what you will about KFC, but their primary product (chicken) does present a unique opportunity for wordplay like "Continuing to march to the beat of a digital-first drum(stick)" or "Delivering deep-fried goodness to every channel."

Takeaway: Inject humor into your case study if there's room for it and if it fits your brand. 

12. .css-12hxxzz-Link{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;transition:all 300ms ease-in-out;outline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-fill-color:currentColor;outline:1px solid transparent;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:hover{outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='ocean']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='white']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']{color:var(--zds-text-link, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:hover{color:var(--zds-text-link, #2b2358);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='primary']:focus{color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);outline-color:var(--zds-text-link-hover, #3d4592);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:hover{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-5, #a8a5a0);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-color='secondary']:focus{color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);outline-color:var(--zds-gray-warm-1, #fffdf9);}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='inherit']{font-weight:inherit;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='normal']{font-weight:400;}.css-12hxxzz-Link[data-weight='bold']{font-weight:700;} Intuit and Twilio

Twilio does an excellent job of delivering achievements at the very beginning of the case study and going into detail in this two-minute read. While there aren't many graphics, the way quotes from the Intuit team are implemented adds a certain flair to the study and breaks up the sections nicely.

It's simple, concise, and manages to fit a lot of information in easily digestible sections.

Takeaway: Make sure each section is long enough to inform but brief enough to avoid boring readers. Break down information for each section, and don't go into so much detail that you lose the reader halfway through.

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Salesforce created a video that accurately summarizes the key points of the case study. Beyond that, the page itself is very light on content, and sections are as short as one paragraph.

I especially like how information is broken down into "What you need to know," "Why it matters," and "What the difference looks like." I'm not ashamed of being spoon-fed information. When it's structured so well and so simply, it makes for an entertaining read.

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Benchling is an impressive entity in its own right. Biotech R&D and health care nuances go right over my head. But the research and digging I've been doing in the name of these burritos (case studies) revealed that these products are immensely complex. 

And that's precisely why this case study deserves a read—it succeeds at explaining a complex project that readers outside the industry wouldn't know much about.

Takeaway: Simplify complex information, and walk readers through the company's operations and how your business helped streamline them.

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The concision of this case study is refreshing. It features two sections—the challenge and the solution—all in 316 words. This goes to show that your case study doesn't necessarily need to be a four-figure investment with video shoots and studio time. 

Sometimes, the message is simple and short enough to convey in a handful of paragraphs.

Takeaway: Consider what you should include instead of what you can include. Assess the time, resources, and effort you're able and willing to invest in a case study, and choose which elements you want to include from there.

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I may be biased, but I'm a big fan of seeing metrics and achievements represented in branded graphics. It can be a jarring experience to navigate a website, then visit a case study page and feel as though you've gone to a completely different website.

The case study is essentially the summary, and the blog article is the detailed analysis that provides context beyond X achievement or Y goal.

Takeaway: Keep your case study concise and informative. Create other resources to provide context under your blog, media or press, and product pages.

3 case study templates

Now that you've had your fill of case studies (if that's possible), I've got just what you need: an infinite number of case studies, which you can create yourself with these case study templates.

Case study template 1

If you've got a quick hit of stats you want to show off, try this template. The opening section gives space for a short summary and three visually appealing stats you can highlight, followed by a headline and body where you can break the case study down more thoroughly. This one's pretty simple, with only sections for solutions and results, but you can easily continue the formatting to add more sections as needed.

Case study template 2

For a case study template with a little more detail, use this one. Opening with a striking cover page for a quick overview, this one goes on to include context, stakeholders, challenges, multiple quote callouts, and quick-hit stats. 

Case study template 3

Whether you want a little structural variation or just like a nice dark green, this template has similar components to the last template but is designed to help tell a story. Move from the client overview through a description of your company before getting to the details of how you fixed said company's problems.

Tips for writing a case study

Examples are all well and good, but you don't learn how to make a burrito just by watching tutorials on YouTube without knowing what any of the ingredients are. You could , but it probably wouldn't be all that good.

Have an objective: Define your objective by identifying the challenge, solution, and results. Assess your work with the client and focus on the most prominent wins. You're speaking to multiple businesses and industries through the case study, so make sure you know what you want to say to them.

Focus on persuasive data: Growth percentages and measurable results are your best friends. Extract your most compelling data and highlight it in your case study.

Use eye-grabbing graphics: Branded design goes a long way in accurately representing your brand and retaining readers as they review the study. Leverage unique and eye-catching graphics to keep readers engaged. 

Simplify data presentation: Some industries are more complex than others, and sometimes, data can be difficult to understand at a glance. Make sure you present your data in the simplest way possible. Make it concise, informative, and easy to understand.

Use automation to drive results for your case study

A case study example is a source of inspiration you can leverage to determine how to best position your brand's work. Find your unique angle, and refine it over time to help your business stand out. Ask anyone: the best burrito in town doesn't just appear at the number one spot. They find their angle (usually the house sauce) and leverage it to stand out.

Case study FAQ

Got your case study template? Great—it's time to gather the team for an awkward semi-vague data collection task. While you do that, here are some case study quick answers for you to skim through while you contemplate what to call your team meeting.

What is an example of a case study?

An example of a case study is when a software company analyzes its results from a client project and creates a webpage, presentation, or document that focuses on high-level results, challenges, and solutions in an attempt to showcase effectiveness and promote the software.

How do you write a case study?

To write a good case study, you should have an objective, identify persuasive and compelling data, leverage graphics, and simplify data. Case studies typically include an analysis of the challenge, solution, and results of the partnership.

What is the format of a case study?

While case studies don't have a set format, they're often portrayed as reports or essays that inform readers about the partnership and its results. 

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Hachem Ramki

Hachem is a writer and digital marketer from Montreal. After graduating with a degree in English, Hachem spent seven years traveling around the world before moving to Canada. When he's not writing, he enjoys Basketball, Dungeons and Dragons, and playing music for friends and family.

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What Is a Case Study? How to Write, Examples, and Template

In this post

How to write a case study

Case study template, case study examples, types of case studies, what are the benefits of case studies , what are the limitations of case studies , case study vs. testimonial.

In today's marketplace, conveying your product's value through a compelling narrative is crucial to genuinely connecting with your customers.

Your business can use marketing analytics tools to understand what customers want to know about your product. Once you have this information, the next step is to showcase your product and its benefits to your target audience. This strategy involves a mix of data, analysis, and storytelling. Combining these elements allows you to create a narrative that engages your audience. So, how can you do this effectively?

What is a case study? 

A case study is a powerful tool for showcasing a business's success in helping clients achieve their goals. It's a form of storytelling that details real-world scenarios where a business implemented its solutions to deliver positive results for a client.

In this article, we explore the concept of a case study , including its writing process, benefits, various types, challenges, and more.

Understanding how to write a case study is an invaluable skill. You'll need to embrace decision-making – from deciding which customers to feature to designing the best format to make them as engaging as possible.  This can feel overwhelming in a hurry, so let's break it down.

Step 1: Reach out to the target persona

If you've been in business for a while, you have no shortage of happy customers. But w ith limited time and resources, you can't choose everyone.  So, take some time beforehand to flesh out your target buyer personas. 

Once you know precisely who you're targeting, go through your stable of happy customers to find a buyer representative of the audience you're trying to reach. The closer their problems, goals, and industries align, the more your case study will resonate.

What if you have more than one buyer persona? No problem. This is a common situation for companies because buyers comprise an entire committee. You might be marketing to procurement experts, executives, engineers, etc. Try to develop a case study tailored to each key persona. This might be a long-term goal, and that's fine. The better you can personalize the experience for each stakeholder, the easier it is to keep their attention.  

Here are a few considerations to think about before research:

• Products/services of yours the customer uses (and how familiar they are with them)
• The customer's brand recognition in the industry
• Whether the results they've achieved are specific and remarkable
• Whether they've switched from a competitor's product/service
• How closely aligned they are with your target audience

These items are just a jumping-off point as you develop your criteria.  Once you have a list, run each customer through it to determine your top targets. Approach the ones on the top (your "dream" case study subjects) and work your way down as needed.

Who to interview

You should consider interviewing top-level managers or executives because those are high-profile positions. But consider how close they are to your product and its results.

Focusing on an office manager or engineer who uses your product daily would be better. Look for someone with a courtside view of the effects.

The ways to request customer participation in case studies can vary, but certain principles can improve your chances:

• Make it easy for customers to work with you, respecting their valuable time. Be well-prepared and minimize their involvement.
• Emphasize how customers will benefit through increased publicity, revenue opportunities, or recognition for their success. 
• Acknowledge their contributions and showcase their achievements.
• Standardizing the request process with a script incorporating these principles can help your team consistently secure case study approvals and track performance.

Step 2: Prepare for the interview

Case study interviews are like school exams. The more prepared you are for them, the better they turn out. Preparing thoroughly also shows participants that you value their time. You don't waste precious minutes rehashing things you should have already known. You focus on getting the information you need as efficiently as possible.

You can conduct your case study interview in multiple formats, from exchanging emails to in-person interviews. This isn't a trivial decision.  As you'll see in the chart below, each format has its unique advantages and disadvantages. 

You'll also have to consider who will ask and answer the questions during your case study interview. It's wise to consider this while considering the case study format.  The number of participants factors into which format will work best. Pulling off an in-person interview becomes much harder if you're trying to juggle four or five people's busy schedules. Try a video conference instead.

Before interviewing your case study participant, it is crucial to identify the specific questions that need to be asked.  It's essential to thoroughly evaluate your collaboration with the client and understand how your product's contributions impact the company. 

Remember that structuring your case study is akin to crafting a compelling narrative. To achieve this, follow a structured approach:

• Beginning of your story. Delve into the customer's challenge that ultimately led them to do business with you. What were their problems like? What drove them to make a decision finally? Why did they choose you?
• The middle of the case study.  Your audience also wants to know about the experience of working with you. Your customer has taken action to address their problems. What happened once you got on board?
• An ending that makes you the hero.  Describe the specific results your company produced for the customer. How has the customer's business (and life) changed once they implemented your solution?

Sample questions for the case study interview

If you're preparing for a case study interview, here are some sample case study research questions to help you get started:

• What challenges led you to seek a solution?
• When did you realize the need for immediate action? Was there a tipping point?
• How did you decide on the criteria for choosing a B2B solution, and who was involved?
• What set our product or service apart from others you considered?
• How was your experience working with us post-purchase?
• Were there any pleasant surprises or exceeded expectations during our collaboration?
• How smoothly did your team integrate our solution into their workflows?
• How long before you started seeing positive results?
• How have you benefited from our products or services?
• How do you measure the value our product or service provides?

Step 3: Conduct the interview

Preparing for case study interviews can be different from everyday conversations. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

• Create a comfortable atmosphere.  Before diving into the discussion, talk about their business and personal interests. Ensure everyone is at ease, and address any questions or concerns.
• Prioritize key questions.  Lead with your most crucial questions to respect your customer's time. Interview lengths can vary, so starting with the essentials ensures you get the vital information.
• Be flexible.  Case study interviews don't have to be rigid. If your interviewee goes "off script," embrace it. Their spontaneous responses often provide valuable insights.
• Record the interview.  If not conducted via email, ask for permission to record the interview. This lets you focus on the conversation and capture valuable quotes without distractions.

Step 4: Figure out who will create the case study

When creating written case studies for your business, deciding who should handle the writing depends on cost, perspective, and revisions.

Outsourcing might be pricier, but it ensures a professionally crafted outcome. On the other hand, in-house writing has its considerations, including understanding your customers and products. 

Technical expertise and equipment are needed for video case studies, which often leads companies to consider outsourcing due to production and editing costs. 

Tip: When outsourcing work, it's essential to clearly understand pricing details to avoid surprises and unexpected charges during payment.

Step 5: Utilize storytelling

Understanding and applying storytelling elements can make your case studies unforgettable, offering a competitive edge. 

Source: The Framework Bank

Every great study follows a narrative arc (also called a "story arc"). This arc represents how a character faces challenges, struggles against raising stakes, and encounters a formidable obstacle before the tension resolves.

In a case study narrative, consider:

• Exposition. Provide background information about the company, revealing their "old life" before becoming your customer.
• Inciting incident. Highlight the problem that drove the customer to seek a solution, creating a sense of urgency.
• Obstacles (rising action). Describe the customer's journey in researching and evaluating solutions, building tension as they explore options.
• Midpoint. Explain what made the business choose your product or service and what set you apart.
• Climax. Showcase the success achieved with your product.
• Denouement. Describe the customer's transformed business and end with a call-to-action for the reader to take the next step.

Step 6: Design the case study

The adage "Don't judge a book by its cover" is familiar, but people tend to do just that quite often!

A poor layout can deter readers even if you have an outstanding case study. To create an engaging case study, follow these steps:

• Craft a compelling title. Just like you wouldn't read a newspaper article without an eye-catching headline, the same goes for case studies. Start with a title that grabs attention.
• Organize your content. Break down your content into different sections, such as challenges, results, etc. Each section can also include subsections. This case study approach divides the content into manageable portions, preventing readers from feeling overwhelmed by lengthy blocks of text.
• Conciseness is key. Keep your case study as concise as possible. The most compelling case studies are precisely long enough to introduce the customer's challenge, experience with your solution, and outstanding results. Prioritize clarity and omit any sections that may detract from the main storyline.
• Utilize visual elements. To break up text and maintain reader interest, incorporate visual elements like callout boxes, bulleted lists, and sidebars.
• Include charts and images. Summarize results and simplify complex topics by including pictures and charts. Visual aids enhance the overall appeal of your case study.
• Embrace white space. Avoid overwhelming walls of text to prevent reader fatigue. Opt for plenty of white space, use shorter paragraphs, and employ subsections to ensure easy readability and navigation.
• Enhance video case studies. In video case studies, elements like music, fonts, and color grading are pivotal in setting the right tone. Choose music that complements your message and use it strategically throughout your story. Carefully select fonts to convey the desired style, and consider how lighting and color grading can influence the mood. These elements collectively help create the desired tone for your video case study.

Step 7: Edits and revisions

Once you've finished the interview and created your case study, the hardest part is over. Now's the time for editing and revision. This might feel frustrating for impatient B2B marketers, but it can turn good stories into great ones.

Ideally, you'll want to submit your case study through two different rounds of editing and revisions:

• Internal review. Seek feedback from various team members to ensure your case study is captivating and error-free. Gather perspectives from marketing, sales, and those in close contact with customers for well-rounded insights. Use patterns from this feedback to guide revisions and apply lessons to future case studies.
• Customer feedback. Share the case study with customers to make them feel valued and ensure accuracy. Let them review quotes and data points, as they are the "heroes" of the story, and their logos will be prominently featured. This step maintains positive customer relationships.

Case study mistakes to avoid

• Ensure easy access to case studies on your website.
• Spotlight the customer, not just your business.
• Tailor each case study to a specific audience.
• Avoid excessive industry jargon in your content.

Step 8: Publishing

Take a moment to proofread your case study one more time carefully. Even if you're reasonably confident you've caught all the errors, it's always a good idea to check. Your case study will be a valuable marketing tool for years, so it's worth the investment to ensure it's flawless. Once done, your case study is all set to go!

Consider sharing a copy of the completed case study with your customer as a thoughtful gesture. They'll likely appreciate it; some may want to keep it for their records. After all, your case study wouldn't have been possible without their help, and they deserve to see the final product.

Where you publish your case study depends on its role in your overall marketing strategy. If you want to reach as many people as possible with your case study, consider publishing it on your website and social media platforms. 

Tip: Some companies prefer to keep their case studies exclusive, making them available only to those who request them. This approach is often taken to control access to valuable information and to engage more deeply with potential customers who express specific interests. It can create a sense of exclusivity and encourage interested parties to engage directly with the company.

Step 9: Case study distribution

When sharing individual case studies, concentrate on reaching the audience with the most influence on purchasing decisions

Here are some common distribution channels to consider:

• Sales teams. Share case studies to enhance customer interactions, retention , and upselling among your sales and customer success teams. Keep them updated on new studies and offer easily accessible formats like PDFs or landing page links.
• Company website. Feature case studies on your website to establish authority and provide valuable information to potential buyers. Organize them by categories such as location, size, industry, challenges, and products or services used for effective presentation.
• Events. Use live events like conferences and webinars to distribute printed case study copies, showcase video case studies at trade show booths, and conclude webinars with links to your case study library. This creative approach blends personal interactions with compelling content.
• Industry journalists. Engage relevant industry journalists to gain media coverage by identifying suitable publications and journalists covering related topics. Building relationships is vital, and platforms like HARO (Help A Reporter Out) can facilitate connections, especially if your competitors have received coverage before.

Want to learn more about Marketing Analytics Software? Explore Marketing Analytics products.

It can seem daunting to transform the information you've gathered into a cohesive narrative.  We’ve created a versatile case study template that can serve as a solid starting point for your case study.

With this template, your business can explore any solutions offered to satisfied customers, covering their background, the factors that led them to choose your services, and their outcomes.

The template boasts a straightforward design, featuring distinct sections that guide you in effectively narrating your and your customer's story. However, remember that limitless ways to showcase your business's accomplishments exist.

To assist you in this process, here's a breakdown of the recommended sections to include in a case study:

• Title.  Keep it concise. Create a brief yet engaging project title summarizing your work with your subject. Consider your title like a newspaper headline; do it well, and readers will want to learn more. 
• Subtitle . Use this section to elaborate on the achievement briefly. Make it creative and catchy to engage your audience.
• Executive summary.  Use this as an overview of the story, followed by 2-3 bullet points highlighting key success metrics.
• Challenges and objectives. This section describes the customer's challenges before adopting your product or service, along with the goals or objectives they sought to achieve.
• How product/service helped.  A paragraph explaining how your product or service addressed their problem.
• Testimonials.  Incorporate short quotes or statements from the individuals involved in the case study, sharing their perspectives and experiences.
• Supporting visuals.  Include one or two impactful visuals, such as graphs, infographics, or highlighted metrics, that reinforce the narrative.
• Call to action (CTA).  If you do your job well, your audience will read (or watch) your case studies from beginning to end. They are interested in everything you've said. Now, what's the next step they should take to continue their relationship with you? Give people a simple action they can complete. 

Case studies are proven marketing strategies in a wide variety of B2B industries. Here are just a few examples of a case study:

• Amazon Web Services, Inc.  provides companies with cloud computing platforms and APIs on a metered, pay-as-you-go basis. This case study example illustrates the benefits Thomson Reuters experienced using AWS.
• LinkedIn Marketing Solutions combines captivating visuals with measurable results in the case study created for BlackRock. This case study illustrates how LinkedIn has contributed to the growth of BlackRock's brand awareness over the years. 
• Salesforce , a sales and marketing automation SaaS solutions provider, seamlessly integrates written and visual elements to convey its success stories with Pepe Jeans. This case study effectively demonstrates how Pepe Jeans is captivating online shoppers with immersive and context-driven e-commerce experiences through Salesforce.
• HubSpot offers a combination of sales and marketing tools. Their case study demonstrates the effectiveness of its all-in-one solutions. These typically focus on a particular client's journey and how HubSpot helped them achieve significant results.

There are two different types of case studies that businesses might utilize:

Written case studies 

Written case studies offer readers a clear visual representation of data, which helps them quickly identify and focus on the information that matters most. 

Printed versions of case studies find their place at events like trade shows, where they serve as valuable sales collateral to engage prospective clients.  Even in the digital age, many businesses provide case studies in PDF format or as web-based landing pages, improving accessibility for their audience. 

Note: Landing pages , in particular, offer the flexibility to incorporate rich multimedia content, including images, charts, and videos. This flexibility in design makes landing pages an attractive choice for presenting detailed content to the audience.

Written case study advantages

Here are several significant advantages to leveraging case studies for your company:

• Hyperlink accessibility.  Whether in PDF or landing page format, written case studies allow for embedded hyperlinks, offering prospects easy access to additional information and contact forms.
• Flexible engagement.  Unlike video case studies, which may demand in-person arrangements, written case studies can be conducted via phone or video streaming, reducing customer commitment and simplifying scheduling.
• Efficient scanning . Well-structured written case studies with a scannable format cater to time-strapped professionals. Charts and callout boxes with key statistics enhance the ease of information retrieval.
• Printable for offline use.  Written case studies can be effortlessly printed and distributed at trade shows, sales meetings, and live events. This tangible format accommodates those who prefer physical materials and provides versatility in outreach, unlike video content, which is less portable.

Written case study disadvantages

Here are some drawbacks associated with the use of case studies:

• Reduced emotional impact.  Written content lacks the emotional punch of live video testimonials, which engage more senses and emotions, making a stronger connection.
• Consider time investment.  Creating a compelling case study involves editing, proofreading, and design collaboration, with multiple revisions commonly required before publication.
• Challenges in maintaining attention.  Attention spans are short in today's ad-saturated world. Using graphics, infographics, and videos more often is more powerful to incite the right emotions in customers.

Video case studies

Video case studies are the latest marketing trend. Unlike in the past, when video production was costly, today's tools make it more accessible for users to create and edit their videos. However, specific technical requirements still apply.

Like written case studies, video case studies delve into a specific customer's challenges and how your business provides solutions. Yet, the video offers a more profound connection by showcasing the person who faced and conquered the problem.

Video case studies can boost brand exposure when shared on platforms like YouTube. For example, Slack's engaging case study video with Sandwich Video illustrates how Slack transformed its workflow and adds humor, which can be challenging in written case studies focused on factual evidence.

Source : YouTube

This video case study has garnered nearly a million views on YouTube.

Video case study advantages

Here are some of the top advantages of video case studies. While video testimonials take more time, the payoff can be worth it. 

• Humanization and authenticity.  Video case studies connect viewers with real people, adding authenticity and fostering a stronger emotional connection.
• Engaging multiple senses.  They engage both auditory and visual senses, enhancing credibility and emotional impact. Charts, statistics, and images can also be incorporated.
• Broad distribution.  Videos can be shared on websites, YouTube, social media, and more, reaching diverse audiences and boosting engagement, especially on social platforms.

Video case study disadvantages

Before fully committing to video testimonials, consider the following:

• Technical expertise and equipment.  Video production requires technical know-how and equipment, which can be costly. Skilled video editing is essential to maintain a professional image. While technology advances, producing amateurish videos may harm your brand's perception.
• Viewer convenience.  Some prospects prefer written formats due to faster reading and ease of navigation. Video typically requires sound, which can be inconvenient for viewers in specific settings. Many people may not have headphones readily available to watch your content.
• Demand on case study participants.  On-camera interviews can be time-consuming and location-dependent, making scheduling challenging for case study participants. Additionally, being on screen for a global audience may create insecurities and performance pressure.
• Comfort on camera.  Not everyone feels at ease on camera. Nervousness or a different on-screen persona can impact the effectiveness of the testimonial, and discovering this late in the process can be problematic.

Written or video case studies: Which is right for you?

Now that you know the pros and cons of each, how do you choose which is right for you?

One of the most significant factors in doing video case studies can be the technical expertise and equipment required for a high level of production quality. Whether you have the budget to do this in-house or hire a production company can be one of the major deciding factors.

Still, written or video doesn't have to be an either-or decision. Some B2B companies are using both formats. They can complement each other nicely, minimizing the downsides mentioned above and reaching your potential customers where they prefer.

Let's say you're selling IT network security. What you offer is invaluable but complicated. You could create a short (three- or four-minute) video case study to get attention and touch on the significant benefits of your services. This whets the viewer's appetite for more information, which they could find in a written case study that supplements the video.

Should you decide to test the water in video case studies, test their effectiveness among your target audience. See how well they work for your company and sales team. And, just like a written case study, you can always find ways to improve your process as you continue exploring video case studies.

Case studies offer several distinctive advantages, making them an ideal tool for businesses to market their products to customers. However, their benefits extend beyond these qualities. 

Here's an overview of all the advantages of case studies:

Valuable sales support

Case studies serve as a valuable resource for your sales endeavors. Buyers frequently require additional information before finalizing a purchase decision. These studies provide concrete evidence of your product or service's effectiveness, assisting your sales representatives in closing deals more efficiently, especially with customers with lingering uncertainties.

Validating your value

Case studies serve as evidence of your product or service's worth or value proposition , playing a role in building trust with potential customers. By showcasing successful partnerships, you make it easier for prospects to place trust in your offerings. This effect is particularly notable when the featured customer holds a reputable status.

Unique and engaging content

By working closely with your customer success teams, you can uncover various customer stories that resonate with different prospects. Case studies allow marketers to shape product features and benefits into compelling narratives. 

Each case study's distinctiveness, mirroring the uniqueness of every customer's journey, makes them a valuable source of relatable and engaging content. Storytelling possesses the unique ability to connect with audiences on an emotional level, a dimension that statistics alone often cannot achieve. 

Spotlighting valuable customers

Case studies provide a valuable platform for showcasing your esteemed customers. Featuring them in these studies offers a chance to give them visibility and express your gratitude for the partnership, which can enhance customer loyalty . Depending on the company you are writing about, it can also demonstrate the caliber of your business.

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It's important to consider limitations when designing and interpreting the results of case studies. Here's an overview of the limitations of case studies:

Challenges in replication

Case studies often focus on specific individuals, organizations, or situations, making generalizing their findings to broader populations or contexts challenging. 

Time-intensive process

Case studies require a significant time investment. The extensive data collection process and the need for comprehensive analysis can be demanding, especially for researchers who are new to this method.

Potential for errors

Case studies can be influenced by memory and judgment, potentially leading to inaccuracies. Depending on human memory to reconstruct a case's history may result in variations and potential inconsistencies in how individuals recall past events. Additionally, bias may emerge, as individuals tend to prioritize what they consider most significant, which could limit their consideration of alternative perspectives.

Challenges in verification

Confirming results through additional research can present difficulties. This complexity arises from the need for detailed and extensive data in the initial creation of a case study. Consequently, this process requires significant effort and a substantial amount of time.

While looking at case studies, you may have noticed a quote. This type of quote is considered a testimonial, a key element of case studies.

If a customer's quote proves that your brand does what it says it will or performs as expected, you may wonder: 'Aren't customer testimonials and case studies the same thing?' Not exactly.

Testimonials are brief endorsements designed to establish trust on a broad scale. In contrast, case studies are detailed narratives that offer a comprehensive understanding of how a product or service addresses a specific problem, targeting a more focused audience. 

Crafting case studies requires more resources and a structured approach than testimonials. Your selection between the two depends on your marketing objectives and the complexity of your product or service.

Case in point!

Case studies are among a company's most effective tools. You're  well on your way to mastering them.

Today's buyers are tackling much of the case study research methodology independently. Many are understandably skeptical before making a buying decision. By connecting them with multiple case studies, you can prove you've gotten the results you say you can. There's hardly a better way to boost your credibility and persuade them to consider your solution.

Case study formats and distribution methods might change as technology evolves. However, the fundamentals that make them effective—knowing how to choose subjects, conduct interviews, and structure everything to get attention—will serve you for as long as you're in business. 

We covered a ton of concepts and resources, so go ahead and bookmark this page. You can refer to it whenever you have questions or need a refresher.

Dive into market research to uncover customer preferences and spending habits.

Kristen McCabe

Kristen’s is a former senior content marketing specialist at G2. Her global marketing experience extends from Australia to Chicago, with expertise in B2B and B2C industries. Specializing in content, conversions, and events, Kristen spends her time outside of work time acting, learning nature photography, and joining in the #instadog fun with her Pug/Jack Russell, Bella. (she/her/hers)

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How to design a case study page (tutorial)

As creative people, we know that presentation means everything. Yet when it comes to presenting our own work, we tend to sell ourselves short.

Case studies are our chance to put our work in its best light. But too often, we drop a half a dozen images on the page and call it done. So while we've talked a lot about writing portfolio case studies , now we're diving into how to present the work visually.

For this tutorial, we'll be using Semplice to lay out a visual project case study and show just how easy it is to present our work – rather than leaving our visitors to form their own conclusions.

Get inspired

First, it's helpful to view case studies of other designers you admire to see how they explain their projects. Observe how they visually walk you through their project story, what elements or devices they use, how their projects flow, what makes you want to keep reading, where you find yourself losing interest.

You'll ultimately do things your own way, of course, but seeing what works and what doesn't will guide that, and motivate you. Here are a few case studies we've enjoyed lately from our Semplice Showcase , for example (click image to view case study):

What we'll be making

Now let's start creating our case study page. I'll be making mine using my own work, for a fictional design studio.

I've made a demo using Semplice , our own portfolio tool. Semplice is centered around creating custom case studies for your unique projects, so you can design everything from your nav to your footer to complement each unique project.

VIEW THE LIVE DEMO →

Getting started

To begin, let's head on over to the Projects area to create our first project. Projects in Semplice serve as your case studies. They automatically connect with the Portfolio Grid module, so you can display them on your homepage or Work page.

Creating the Cover

Now that we've set up our Project, let's add a Cover section. In Semplice, Cover sections are like hero sections, and are typically used with large headlines or full-width imagery for maximum visual impact.

For our purposes, we will use a nice, large image to introduce the page and set the stage. Go to the Cover tab from up top, and from the pop-up editor select "Cover (full-width)" from the dropdown.

Creating the introduction section

This section will serve to introduce the project and include necessary details like year of completion and credits.

First, let's add a text module with some larger text to serve as the project overview. Just add a simple sentence or two to briefly summarize the project. We will go in further detail below.

Next, let's add some of the smaller details such as credits. You can place Text modules stacked in rows to create both the subheadings and text lists for these areas. Once we have our text styled the way we want it, we can duplicate the column to quickly recreate our layout. If needed, we can also use spacer columns to offset the columns and create white space.

Now, below our overview, we'll go more in-depth about the project and explain our involvement. A simple text module and image module side-by-side will do the trick. If you need tips for writing the copy in your case study, read this article .

Adding detail images

Next, let's create a section where we can add images that support our case study. Think of your case study like a spread in a magazine, and put images alongside relevant copy, to make the reading experience highly visual and easy to scan.

For this section, I'll make some of the images "bleed" to the edge of the screen. This will add break up the visual flow of the page nicely. To do this, go to the section options and set the gutters to "off."

I will also use spacer columns once again to offset the image columns and create some interesting variations in the layout.

I've also placed text modules beneath each image for a caption, so we can give context to each image and allow those who want to scan (let's be honest, most readers) to understand our project story at a glance.

Adding a full-width image section

Now we'll add some full-width images to break up our page between paragraphs. For our full-width image section, simply place an image module on the page. In the image options, set the image size to "grid width" and in the section options, set the width to "full-width" with gutters removed.

Before/After comparison

Now for the fun part. To visually explain our process and help readers appreciate the work that went into our project, we'll use the Before/After module to display our final result. In this case, we will show a behind-the-scenes view of our prototype in the 3D rendering program, sliding to reveal the final outcome. You can do the same with a UX prototype next to your final screen design, for example.

Adding image galleries

If you have lots of images for your project, or a collection of similar images, you can also add image galleries to your page.

Let's place some offset galleries onto the page. We will also use this section to talk about the final results of our project and how it was successful.

Wrapping up

To wrap up the case study, we'll give a little shoutout to our team.

We'll also make sure the Next/Previous feature is enabled. This is a feature in Semplice that allows viewers to quickly jump between projects at the bottom of a case study to continue browsing.

We created everything here with the Studio edition of Semplice , which gives you all the latest Semplice features. No matter what tool you use to create your case study, we hope this tutorial inspired you to create thoughtful, unique case studies to tell your project stories. We can't wait to see what you make!

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Free Online Case Study Maker

Captivate your clients by highlighting your company's solutions, and get valuable insights to improve your business strategy with Venngage's case study templates.

Create a case study report that looks compelling and converts leads without any design experience. Showcase real success stories and challenges that your products and services helped to solve. Join over 40,000 businesses in using Venngage as a marketing solution.

Design from one of our case study templates

Choose from hundreds of case study templates. see all case study templates, design professional case studies for meetings, and negotiations.

Create your own case studies to share compelling success stories. Showcase products, strategies, and tactics that had made your clients grow. You don't need any design experience! All of our case study template designs are created in-house by professional designers.

You don't need to be a designer to create a professional-looking case study infographic, or in-depth, multi-page reports. Pick from our library of easy-to-edit case study templates.

Get access to high-quality stock photos and choose from over 40,000+ icons and illustrations to use. Venngage also offers a wide variety of chart and data visualization widgets that you can customize.

Want to incorporate your brand's identity? We've got you. My Brand Kit feature lets you upload your company logos, fonts, and colors. Perfect to stand out in your presentation!

Get your team involved when creating case studies. Real-time collaboration allows you to provide feedback and apply changes creating a great design in minutes.

How to create a case study in 5 easy steps:

Showcase your challenges to elevate your brand with ease

Customizable Templates

No design experience? No problem! Our stunning template designs will make your data analysis look great without even trying.

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Easily visualize and present complex case study examples with Venngage editor. Use our Smart features to quickly add or remove shapes, lines, and branches with a single click.

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Customize Venngage's Case Study Templates

• Choose your favorite design from the templates library. We have an extended gallery of layouts you can work on. Just organize your qualitative and quantitative data, add customizable graphs, icons and images, set your brand identity, and start creating a comprehensive case study report.
• Use illustrations, icons and photos: Case studies ought to be visually engaging and inviting. That's why Venngage lets you access 40K+ icons and beautiful illustrations, impressive stock photos, and customizable charts and graphs.
• Create branded content without any design help: Branded case studies help your brand really stand out. They're an excellent form of lead generation and branding building. Showcase your expertise and real-life success stories that will win over your readers.

Collaborate with team members and stakeholders in real-time

• Replace online meetings, email threads, chats, or messages by simply clicking "Share" from the editor to send a private link to your peers.
• Share your designs, so people can work together and make adjustments to achieve the perfect showcase for your strategies.
• Work better together. Provide feedback, share expertise, and have insights for a perfect process mapping design.

Download and share your case study design with a click

• Download your document as a PDF or Interactive PDF (to use hyperlinking).
• To print your document, apply print bleeds in the editor and then download it as a PDF.
• Share your completed design using a share link - no need to download a single thing.

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• My Brand Kit lets you instantly apply your branding to any template design, saving you hours of time and effort.
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How do I sign up for Venngage's case study creator?

To start using Venngage's free case study creator, sign up for free using your email, Facebook or Gmail account. Once you create an account you can choose which template to get started with and start editing in the online editor.

How do I write a case study?

The easiest way to write a case study is to get started with a template. This provides you with a pre-set cover page and table of contents; a variety of page layouts to work with; and a picture of how to organize content, add designs and break up text. A case study is not a technical document that needs to be structured in a specific and formal way. You can get creative but focus on making your content clear and easy to understand.

What's an example of a case study?

Case studies, in business and marketing, are stories of success achieved through a product or service. The product can even be a strategy or framework that was pioneered by an industry thought leader. Many brands publish case studies on their website to share how their clients see tremendous value in using their products. The case study essentially chronicles the entire client journey from having a problem, to finding the solution, and the outcome of that solution.

Try Venngage's Case Study Creator today. Sign up for free!

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How to Create an Impressive Case Study One Pager [Including Templates]

Written by: Idorenyin Uko

Case studies are a powerful tool for increasing sales and driving revenue. They share real-life proof of how your company has helped clients solve their pain points.

With shrinking customer attention spans, a case study one pager is a great way to quickly communicate the value of your product or service. That’s because they distill the key points of the customer's story into a concise and compelling narrative.

The best part? Readers can quickly grasp the essence of the case study and take action without getting bogged down in unnecessary details.

Ready to create yours? In this article, we’ll show you how to create high-converting case studies that build trust and credibility and ultimately drive business results. We’ve also rounded up professionally-designed case study templates to get you started on the right foot.

Let’s get to it.

Table of Contents​​

What is a case study one pager, what is the purpose of a case study one pager, 10 case study one pager templates, how to create a case study one pager with visme, case study best practices, case study faqs.

• A case study one pager is a brief document that details concise stories about a customer's experience with a product or service.
• Writing a case study one-pager helps you attract leads, demonstrate credibility and expertise, drive customer retention and loyalty, support sales and marketing efforts and build social proof.
• Visme has everything you need to create a winning case study one pager regardless of your industry or niche. Access professionally designed templates that are easily customizable with multiple sharing and download options.
• Here are a few best practices for crafting a high-converting one pager: define the purpose, make it relatable to your target audience, prove the value of your brand, be specific and include real numbers and follow a consistent structure.

A case study one pager is a summarized document that shares the success existing clients have had with your product, service or solution. Not only are case studies one pager valuable sales collateral, but they also demonstrate:

• The value of your product and service
• The specific problem or pain point clients struggled with before discovering your product
• How your business helped them solve their problem
• The specific goals, results and outcomes they achieved

The beauty of case study one pagers is that they are concise and less overwhelming. They're single-page documents, typically one page long. Compared to multi-paged case studies, prospects who are short on time can quickly grasp the main takeaways and take action.

If you already have a multi-page case study , you can condense key points and highlights into this one pager. With Visme’s interactive tools , you can link to the full case study document or your company’s case study landing page.

There’s no doubt that case studies work. When it comes to proving the value and quality of your product, case studies are an invaluable asset. HubSpot's report indicates that 42% of marketers use case studies as a top media format in their content strategy.

A well-crafted case study one pager can serve several purposes:

Attract Leads

There is no better selling point to prospects than proof of real-world examples of challenges your company has helped solve. That’s why case study one-pagers can be a catalyst for lead generation .

Case studies are strong proof that your product or service works. This increases your prospect’s confidence in choosing your brand over your competitors.

During a case study presentation , you can leave your case study one pagers with prospects so they can refer back to it.

Additionally, case studies are great for nurturing and re-engaging leads. If your previous outreach was successful, you can share it as part of a drip campaign to pique their interest and encourage them to learn more about your solutions.

Demonstrates Credibility and Expertise

Writing any type of one-pager is a chance to show your expertise in your field, especially a one pager case study. It proves your company's ability to deliver results and solve real-world problems.

Also, case studies position your brand as a thought leader and build trust with prospects. They can easily make informed decisions about doing business with you.

Drive Customer Retention and Loyalty

Once your customer has made the first purchase, it’s easy to get carried away. Well, your job isn’t done. Customer success teams can share case studies to nurture leads and turn them into paying customers.

In addition, case studies can be a great way to showcase and engage satisfied customers. When existing customers read case studies, they gain deeper insight into your company's capabilities . It then validates why customers chose you and why they should continue to do so.

Also, when you highlight customers in your case studies, it builds a deeper connection and customers feel a sense of loyalty to your brand.

Support Sales and Marketing Efforts

Case studies are hard-hitting sales enablement content .

You can support your sales and marketing teams by providing them with compelling, data-driven case studies to share with prospects. This helps sales representatives build stronger relationships with potential customers, maximize conversions and close more deals.

Builds Social Proof

Case studies include customer testimonials. And research shows that 72% of people develop more trust for brands that have positive reviews and testimonials. Another study shows that testimonials boost revenue by 62% .

With case studies, you’re able to showcase the genuine satisfaction and appreciation of your clients. This element provides social proof and an extra layer of authenticity.

Case studies also have great referral value. Satisfied customers featured in case studies are more likely to recommend your business, as they feel proud to be associated with your brand and want to share their positive experiences with others.

RELATED: 15 Real-Life Case Study Examples & Best Practices

In this section, we’ve rounded up ten customizable case study templates to get you started, each covering a wide range of case study topics.

As you go through this section, don’t forget that one pager case studies can be combined with other marketing materials, such as whitepapers, webinars, or demos, to create a comprehensive marketing strategy.

1. Hospitality One-Pager Case Study

This modern and sleek case Study template is perfect for showcasing your company's success stories in a visually appealing way.

The template has a clean design and a minimalist layout structure. Key sections, including objectives, program overview, revenue impact, key metrics and findings are neatly arranged into two columns.

Notice how the ratings and total sales revenue breakdown are captured using engaging charts and graphs. With Visme’s data visualization tool, you get unlimited access to different types of charts, graphs, maps and widgets to easily capture results and financial data.

2. Fintech One-Pager Case Study

Whether you're looking to demonstrate the expertise and credibility of your fintech company, this template has everything you need.

The template features a striking deep navy blue background design. This dark theme sharply contrasts the white and yellow text and gray visuals, making them stand out and grab the viewer's attention.

The case study format is carefully crafted to guide the reader's eye through the page, with clear section headers and visually appealing icons and graphics. With Visme’s intuitive editor, you can change the color of the background, text or charts to match your branding.

3. Online Learning One-Pager Case Study

Are you an educator, trainer and learning professional? This one pager case study template is not just great sales material; it’s perfect for showing social proof. It’s designed to help you communicate the effectiveness of your training methods.

The template can be adapted to any industry or project. It begins with a bold header followed by key sections—introduction, innovation, KPIs, key takeaways and more. The stunning image aligned at the top right draws attention, captivates readers and leaves a lasting impression.

Feel free to tap into Visme’s rich library of stock photos , icons, widgets and other design elements to make your document shine.

And if you can’t find your preferred graphics, Visme has your back. With the AI image generator , you whip up unique and professional quality photos, paintings, pencil drawings, 3D graphics, icons, abstract art and more.

4. Industrial One Pager Case Study

Make your success stories stand out with this engaging case study template. Featuring a unique layout, colorful text and eye-catching visuals, this template is sure to capture readers' attention and keep them engaged until the very end.

The logo and social media icons highlight your company’s branding. You can link these icons to your social media accounts using Visme’s interactive and animation tool .

But that’s just the tip of the iceberg regarding what you can do with the animation and interactive features. Users can create animated graphics or hotspots that reveal additional information when clicked or hovered over. This helps to keep your one pager from getting cluttered with information.

5. Gadget Brand One Pager Case Study

If you sell physical or industrial products, this template is for you. With plenty of space for showcasing your study, solution and results, this template is the ideal tool to build trust and establish your reputation.

The template includes a variety of sections, such as key performance indicators, findings and outcomes, decision and more. Each section is designed to be easily customizable. You can easily swap them with your own text, images and graphics to make the template truly yours.

The design elements in this case study make it a head turner. The left bar has an incredible blend of a logo and title on a white and sky-blue background. The right bar houses most of the information and has a bold blue background.

The white and light blue fonts and purple icons complement each other with great visual contrast. To top it off, the stunning visuals and multimedia elements provide more context for your readers.

If you have multiple people on your team using this template, you can use Visme’s User permissions to control who can view it or what changes are made. Each Visme project allows you to control user permissions, which can be assigned by the creator or workspace admin.

You can assign various levels of access to your case study one pager, such as view-only, edit or comment directly on projects. Additionally, you have the option to make it password-protected, limiting access to those who truly need it.

6. Real Estate One Pager Case Study

With a strong emphasis on outcomes and achievements, this template is the perfect way to demonstrate the value of your real estate business and showcase your successes.

The template is split into six main blocks, each housing a different section. Each section has different background color themes with light-colored text for better visual contrast. With its user-friendly design and pre-built sections, this template saves you time and effort.

With the dynamic fields feature, you can easily customize this template for multiple clients. When designing it, add custom dynamic fields for sections like the title, client name, contact, etc. And then simply swap the text in the custom fields and your changes will reflect in a matter of seconds.

7. Ecommerce One Pager Case Study

Take your case studies to the next level with this e-commerce one pager case study template. Featuring engaging visuals like charts, widgets and icons, this template brings your success stories to life and engages readers in a whole new way.

The template includes sections for introducing the problem, outlining the solution and showcasing the results. With the customizable charts, you can add a professional touch and enhance your case study’s narrative.

Not sure what to write in your case study, or perhaps you need help proofreading your copy before you send it off to a client? Visme’s AI writer is a powerful assistant for crafting killer content. You can even use it to proofread your content.

8. Nutritional One Pager Case Study

Whether you're preparing a case study for publication, presentation, or educational purposes, this captivating nutritional case study template can help you communicate your findings effectively and engage your audience.

The template includes a range of colorful, eye-catching graphics, illustrations and visualizations that help break up the text and highlight key findings.

In addition to its visual appeal, this template is also highly customizable. Our user-friendly interface allows you to easily modify the layout, colors and fonts to suit your needs and branding preferences. You can even collaborate with colleagues and co-authors in real time. Team members can tag each other, leave feedback, resolve comments and more.

9. Training Workshop One Pager Case Study

If you're looking to highlight your training agency's capabilities and achievements, this template is an excellent starting point. Having amassed impressive results, you can even share them with new trainees to showcase the outcomes you expect.

With its flexible design and customizable elements, this template helps you tailor your message to any audience and make a lasting impression.

The template features two backgrounds—one with white and the other with different shades of red. With data visualization, you’re able to easily convey the results and help readers understand key insights.

Keep your branding consistent across multiple projects with Visme’s brand wizard . Simply input your URL and the tool will pull up your logo, colors and fonts from your website. You can easily add branding to your project with a single click.

10. Service Workshop One Pager Case Study

The modern and sleek design of the template is ideal for companies that want to showcase their innovative and forward-thinking approach.

The template includes a variety of fonts, colors and graphics that can be easily customized to match your brand identity. Easily find anything you need in Visme’s editor using the shortcut feature. Once you tap the forward-slash (/) on your keyboard, you’ll find a search bar where you can type the feature you’re looking for.

Additionally, the template is fully responsive, meaning that it can be easily viewed on a variety of devices, including laptops, tablets and smartphones. You can easily share your case study with others, regardless of how they prefer to access information.

Now that you know how case studies work and ten editable templates for creating a one-page case study, let’s cover how you can create and customize one using Visme.

Keep in mind that you can follow these steps when creating a company one pager or startup one pager .

Here’s what one of our customers has to say about Visme’s design software

“Visme saves time and is a whole lot more affordable than most other content development programs out there now. It makes it easy to develop professional, polished content.”

- Kendra Bradley, Graphic Content Developer at WOW! Read the full case study.

In this section, we’ll walk you through the process of creating a case study one pager in Visme.

Step 1: Register or Log in to your Visme Account

Sign up for a new Visme account or log into your account (if you’re an existing user). Fill in your login details in the form and you’ll be redirected to the dashboard. Either way, you can start exploring all the amazing features and tools that Visme has to offer!

Step 2: Leverage Editable Templates or Start from Scratch

The next step is to create your single-page case study. You have the option of starting from scratch or using premade templates. In the Visme dashboard, click Create New>Project. Browse through the collection of templates until you find one that best fits your needs.

Step 3: Write the Content

After choosing a template, the next step is to create the content. All you have to do is replace the template's content with yours. Visme's user-friendly editor allows you to effortlessly add, edit or delete content or move design elements around the canvas.

You have complete control over your text, including the ability to modify, add, remove and adjust the font size, style and color. The editor also offers options to change the text alignment and arrangement and animate your text.

Not sure what to write in your case study, or maybe you need help proofreading your copy before you send it off to a client? Visme has got you covered with its AI writing assistant .

Enter your prompt and the tool will generate a high-quality copy within minutes. You can even ask the tool to improve your grammar or help develop your ideas.

Step 4: Customize Your Case Study One-Pager

Want to make your proposal visually stunning? Visme's customization options can help you achieve just that!

Maintain consistent branding across your case study with Visme's Brand Design Tool . Simply enter your website URL and the tool will pull up your logo, colors, fonts and other design elements. With your branding assets saved in your brand kit, you can easily apply your branding to your document with just one click.

Use interactive elements , such as pop-ups, hover effects, clickable menus, hotspots and the flipbook effect to captivate your readers and keep them engaged throughout your proposal. You can also embed videos and incorporate animated icons, illustrations and special effects to make your proposal even more compelling.

Easily communicate findings and outcomes with Visme’s data visualization software . The tool has a rich variety of charts, graphs, maps and widgets to get you on the right track.

Step 5: Download and Share Your Case Study One Pager

After you have designed your project, you can easily share it with your audience via an online link. This feature allows you to keep all the interactive elements in your design as well as make real-time edits or changes with ease.

You can also download your case study as a high-resolution file in JPEG, PNG, PDF or HTML5 format, which can be shared offline.

That’s not all. Visme supports social sharing via its social media scheduling tool. This means you can schedule and share your case study directly on Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, Slack and more.

With Visme’s analytics tool , you can easily monitor the performance of your design. The tool lets you track the number of views, engagement and other actions your audience takes.

Ready to squeeze the most value out of your next case study? Here are some best practices for creating effective case studies:

Structure Your Case Study to Focus on the Customer

The customer should be at the center of the case study.

When writing your case study, it makes sense to understand who your ideal customer is. Consider what they want to know and what will resonate with them.

If your clients are in the tech industry, share a case study about that niche. Tailoring the case study to their needs and interests will grab their attention and drive action.

Set the scene for the case study by providing relevant background information, such as the company, industry and challenges faced. Also, highlight the goals and achievements they had before you stepped in. This will help readers understand the severity of the problem and why the case study matters.

Prove the Value of Your Product, Service or Solution

When writing a case study make it persuasive and show clear results. Explain how your product or service helped customers achieve their objectives and improve their business outcomes. Think of it as showing a “before” and “after”!

However, make sure to focus on outcomes that matter most to the customer. This could include cost savings, revenue growth, or improved customer satisfaction.

Include quotes and testimonials from customers, stakeholders, or experts. This can add credibility and depth to the case study. They can also provide insight into the customer's perspective and experience.

Storytelling never goes out of fashion. Tell a story that engages the reader and makes them want to keep reading. Start with a captivating title and introduction to draw in the reader. Lace the middle with persuasive words, vivid visuals, data visualizations and detailed examples to bring the case study to life.

End with an action-oriented conclusion. Let your prospects know what to do next and how to do it.

Be Specific and Include Real Numbers

Avoid generalizations and vague statements. Instead, use specific details and metrics to demonstrate the impact of your product or service.

For example, instead of saying, "Our software increased efficiency," say, "Our software reduced processing time by 50%."

Include visual elements such as charts, images and infographics to break up the text and make it more engaging. They are also useful for illustrating key concepts, showcasing products or services and highlighting benefits and outcomes.

Follow a Consistent Structure

Use a case study outline that makes your case study scannable and easy to read. For example, you can follow this simple structure.

• Introducing the customer
• Describing the challenge
• Explaining the solution
• Summarizing the benefits and outcomes.
• Highlighting the customer testimonials and quotes

This structure will make it easier for readers to follow along and understand the key points.

Finally, edit and proofread the case study to ensure it's error-free and flows smoothly. Ask others for feedback to ensure it meets your audience's needs.

Got some questions about case studies? Find the answers to some of the frequently asked questions here:

Q. How to Write a Case Study

Here's a step-by-step guide on how to write a case study:

• Choose a subject. Select a customer who has achieved significant results using your product or service.
• Define the objective. Is it to demonstrate your product's effectiveness, showcase a successful implementation, or highlight the benefits of your service? Knowing the objective will help you craft a focused case study.
• Collect relevant data and information about the customer's situation, including their goals, challenges and achievements. This may involve conducting interviews with the customer, gathering data from surveys or analytics tools and reviewing any relevant documentation.
• Create a case study outline. Develop a framework for the case study that includes an introduction, a description of the customer's situation, a discussion of the solution and an analysis of the results.
• Consider using a storytelling technique , such as the hero's journey, to make the case study more engaging.
• Write the first draft. Start writing the case study using the framework. Focus on telling a clear and concise story that highlights the customer's journey and the impact of your product or service. Use quotes and anecdotes from the customer to add depth and authenticity.
• Get feedback. Share the draft with the customer and ask for their feedback. Use their input to further refine the case study and ensure it accurately reflects their experience.
• Finalize the case study. Once you have incorporated the customer's feedback, finalize the case study by proofreading it carefully and formatting it appropriately. To enhance the story, consider adding visual elements, such as charts, photos, screenshots, or infographics.
• Publish and promote. Once the case study is complete, publish it on your website, social media channels and other relevant platforms. Promote it through email marketing, paid advertising and other channels to reach your target audience.

Q. How to Format a Case Study

There are various formats for presenting a case study, such as one-pagers and multi-paged documents, videos, infographics and more.

Typically, the case study structure and format are straightforward. A case study usually describes a problem faced by the customer, along with how the product or service provided a solution, the outcomes and an analysis of the data. The study may also highlight any limitations or challenges that were encountered and conclude with key takeaways.

Q. Can a Case Study Be One Page?

Yes, a case study can be on one page. Case study one pagers are commonly used by sales and marketing departments that want to attract or warm up potential leads in their pipeline who are short on time or need to be quickly engaged.

Q. What Are the Most Important Areas of a Case Study?

The text below outlines the key elements that should be included when studying a product or service:

• Identify the pain point, problem, or challenge faced by the customer or client.
• Describe the solution the product or service provides to address the identified issue.
• Show the results and data obtained from implementing the solution or approach. Highlight any limitations or challenges encountered during the process.
• Conclude with key takeaways that summarize the overall impact of the solution or approach.

Additionally, you can include a well-crafted title and introduction that grabs the reader’s attention and sets the tone for the rest of the case study.

Create & Share Stunning Case Studies with Visme

There you have it. Case studies are valuable assets for driving sales and conversions.

In this article, we’ve shared stunning templates and best practices for creating a winning case study one-pager. We also discussed the advantages of a case study.

Now it’s time to get to work. Visme has everything you need to create stunning case study one-pagers. With our intuitive and user-friendly interface, editable template and cutting-edge features, you can easily create different types of marketing, sales and product one-pagers. Access interactive features, visuals, charts and other design elements to drive engagement over the top.

Ready to take Visme for a test drive? Sign up to discover how Visme can help you drive maximum results for your business.

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3 examples of landing page case studies that inspire trust

A case study should inspire trust that you're the right provider for a specific job. These 3 landing page examples do just that...

Oliver Meakings

A case study is a key part of any B2B sales process, which is why I've put together a list of landing pages for you to draw inspiration from.

These landing pages demonstrate useful techniques that can take your conversion rate to the next level.

Case studies aren't the same as "normal" landing pages, but they have a similar purpose: to convince website visitors that you are the right person/company for the job. And there's nothing more convincing in marketing than somebody finding success with your product.

A good case study takes the reader through a journey; from painful realization of a big problem that lies ahead all the way to overcoming the hurdle.

In the midst of all of that "chaos" is where your product or service comes in, so here are a few ways to help you tell the right stories.

A Few Ways To Write Your Case Study

Case studies don't necessarily have to live on a landing page to be effective, they can also be distributed via PDF files, videos, or even live webinars to capture a specific audience.

When it comes to highlighting a story on a landing page though, the most important thing is to start with the benefits provided and work your way through the challenges.

Remember that you're speaking to a business audience so all they care about is what's in it for them. You have to provide this answer immediately at the top of your case study.

Although this is the first thing the prospect will see, it's not the first one you'll write. The process of getting your case study down is much more treacherous than that. First, you have to ask yourself why...

» Why did the customer go through such lengths to use your product?

The problem is always the biggest factor in a customer's success story. If the product was able to solve it, then the process of getting there was worth it and the money was well-spent.

In most cases, customers will never get there.

Sometimes because the product or service wasn't good enough, other times because they didn't really know what they wanted.

But when they do get on the other side of the fence, that's when a case study is crucial for you to get the most out of the business relationship, and I have some examples to show you.

The 3 Case Study Page Examples I've Picked

For each of the 3 examples you'll see in a moment, there are different ways to convey a similar message—that of success.

That's what a case study is all about, it's where customers are celebrated for being the "hero" in the story and your product being the means to an end. The elements of a good case study landing page are:

• A banner image at the top that recaps the entire story in a quick summary for the reader to understand whether they'd like to go through with the entire article
• Quick benefits below the main banner with information on what the customer was able to achieve after going through the "trouble" of implementing the solution
• Some high-level information on the type of business the customer runs like the industry they operate in and the size of their company compared to target market
• The complete story of how a customer first realized they had a problem and then identified your product or service as a potential solution leading to success

All these elements must be included for a case study that inspires trust. Fancy design isn't as important here as sending the message of success across using a real-life example.

Example of Case Study #1: Miro's Thoughtful Formatting

There's no denying that Miro has one of the most beautifully-intricate visual identities I've come across, so it's good to see that they're passing that effort onto their case studies as well.

Miro is a collaborative software most known for its digital whiteboard, where customers can conduct brainstorming sessions and store some of their most important Eureka moments.

Essentially, it's a place where team members go to "throw it all out on the table" and then start putting the pieces together.

It's a wonderful tool that has a unique angle on collaboration.

Upwork saw an opportunity to use the tool in a way that would help them fully-embrace design thinking as part of their culture and thus requiring a complete organizational restructuring across multiple departments.

Miro beautifully illustrates the complexity of the situation by pairing it with a sleek profile of the company and the type of business they run.

Addressing the problem is only one part of the equation though; they go as far as to highlight what design thinking is with beautiful cards right below the fold not only guiding you through the journey of Upwork but also educating you on the topic itself which coincidentally is exactly what Miro is strong at: helping teams foster innovation via collaborative effort.

In just two visual steps, Miro has given us a lot of information to work with, and now I'm left wondering: "Was Upwork ultimately able to deploy their design thinking approach?"

That's when Miro fills in the context from within Upwork's culture, making it clear that this was a big shift for them and that if they wanted to do it, they'd have to be aligned in full.

The reason why I'm putting this landing page first is that it screams trust; from the thoughtfully-placed quotes to the authoritative sources, Miro knows exactly what they're trying to achieve with this case study and they execute it almost with surgical precision.

What's even better is that, being a software tool, Miro can embed their own solution within the case study itself, making the experience that much more compelling.

Of course, not everybody will be able to afford creating a software suite as complex as Miro's just to make their case study stand out, but I just think it's absolutely brilliant. The problem with case studies is that they are often boring, uninspired chunks of text that don't say anything other than:

"We did this for customer A so you should buy our product."

Miro flips that coin by focusing on Upwork's problem first and only getting to what Miro did as a solution towards the bottom of the article, cementing their commitment to customer success.

Overall, Miro checks all the boxes here:

• An immediate understanding of the problem
• Tackling the story from an educational standpoint
• Removing themselves only to enter when relevant
• Focusing on the customer success and not theirs

If you had to copy one landing page for your next case study, this is it. One of the most elegant ways to compliment a customer that's found success with your product or service.

Example of Case Study #2: Ghost's Unorthodox Approach

Ghost is a Content Management System that claims to be the best way for news publishers to claim back their independence through a variety of monetization features.

Just like Miro's landing page, the best case studies are the ones that embed your product or service within the content itself, essentially showing the benefit rather than talking about it.

That's where Ghost's approach truly shines.

They created a "showcase" of websites built on Ghost.

From this seemingly-endless pool of gorgeous designs, you can draw a lot of inspiration, with many of them having their own dedicated mini-spotlights to celebrate the customer.

Although not a case study landing page in the "traditional" sense since this is more of a gallery of customers who built their publications using Ghost, it's still impressive how they were able to pass that feeling of trust and empowerment by simply taking screenshots of their client's sites.

The cool thing is that Ghost has dozens of the examples to show, making it an effective marketing tool due to its compelling visuals and variety of choices.

As unusual as it might seem, Ghost's approach is extremely effective at producing exactly the effect they are looking for:

» building trust in the blink of an eye

As soon as you open up the showcase page, you're greeted with a world of Ghost creations that look amazing. The next in line is obviously you then.

Example of Case Study #3: Kiflo's Simple Yet Effective Page

To close this deep dive into some of the most powerful case study landing page designs available on the internet, I'm now picking something more in tune with a "typical" success story.

Similar to HubSpot's case study design, Kiflo (a Partner Relationship Management software suite) highlights the main benefits provided by their product at the top of the page.

In the hero section, they include details about the representative who's given a short interview for the case study, and later they'll link that information with quotes from them.

Quotes with real faces and names reinforce the message of the case study

With its simple approach, Kiflo's case study landing page is half-article, half feature page. Below the fold, you get a clear understanding of the company they've interviewed, the challenge that they were facing, and how they came to find and ultimately choose Kiflo as a solution.

The page does a great job at separating each section so that the reader can follow along with PerceptionPredict's point of view which is that of the hero going through incredible challenges to find the superpower which would lend him the tools to succeed in his quest.

By then connecting the features of the product back to the original problem, Kiflo is effectively affirming itself as the solution to creating a partner program from scratch with practically no experience nor advanced knowledge on how to operate one day-to-day.

In their "Strategy" section, Kiflo describes how each feature helped the customer tackle a part of the overall puzzle, up until finally solving the problem at scale.

The results shown are convincing and they really show the effort that the team at Kiflo made to help PerceptionPredict succeed.

The landing page world isn't just made of eye-popping colors and quirky animations; it's meant to deliver value to the reader in a way that helps them move forward and down your funnel.

If you're looking to create a case study page but don't really know where to start, try and bring a first version of it live rather than aiming for perfection. Then see what sticks.

I've reviewed 100s of landing pages over the years and I can tell you that what I care about seeing the most is upfront value.

If you don't tell me what you do NOW, I'm gone.

A similar thing can be said about case studies; if I can't find anything that tells me I should trust you above the fold, I won't go on to read the rest.

So put those benefits up there :)

(And convince me you're the only solution to my problem!)

Originally published 27 Apr 2021

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19 Examples of Online Case Studies Done Right

Designers generally don’t like writing. After all, creative problem-solving through design uses visual, not verbal tools, right? But, sadly for many, case studies are supposed to contain text, too. This is where a lot of designers and art directors stumble, ending up either with poorly crafted case studies, or no case studies in their portfolio at all. And that’s a huge mistake. Online case studies (because these days, if it’s not online, it’s not there at all) are immensely important as they provide a compact, informative display of not just your skills and expertise, but your professionalism too. A good case study shows that you understand the concept of focus, that you can distinguish between different layers of relevance and also sheds some light on your creative process. As such, case studies are an indispensable hiring tool.

That being said, let’s see how the visually-oriented folks can craft a case study that ticks all the right boxes.

Quick Tips for Designing Perfect Online Case Studies

If you’re in doubt as to where to start with your case studies, here are a few things to keep in mind:

• Stay focused . Don’t use case studies as an opportunity to channel your revolutionary ideas, but don’t delve in conventionalities, either. Don’t try to tell everything about the project at once, or at all. Your clients don’t need to know everything you did for a project. But they do need to know the relevant bits.
• Provide a solid structure. Scannable content is the form that works the best, whatever the format. Separate your key information in tidy, well-rounded units. These include, but are not limited to: project target/goal/outcome, background, evaluation, concept, implementation, conclusion.
• Provide essential project information. Viewers need the who, the what and the when.
• Treat the page as a gallery wall. Consider your own portfolio style and create case study pages that are in line with it, but also convey the character and the spirit of the project, too. When displaying visual material, don’t just scatter it around the page – it won’t impress anyone. Try exhibiting it in engaging, interactive frames, add interaction for better immersion, and display the material in their intended environment – various device screens, etc.
• Maintain good measure. You want to dazzle the visitors, not blind them. If your case studies are too cluttered, flashy or visually saturated, they might create an undesired effect. Go for minimalism, but avoid making your pages look poor.

Sure, things like these are sometimes easier said than done. That’s why we prepared a curated selection of the best, most inspiring online case studies we handpicked around the web, hoping to give you some cues and ideas for your own cases. Here’s what we’ll talk about:

Juicebrothers by Lama Lama

Art of swissdent by creative nights, max shkret by zhenya rynzhuk, mercado by loer architecten, self scenter by ultranoir, fontshare by wemakefab, more & more nespresso by playful, bian 2016 by baillat studio, prada employees online store by niccolò miranda, ortovivo by k95, obys agency typography principles, komuso design by tubik, the 92 group by humana studio, dreamhaus by wørks studio, topline by parsons branding, weekend by hello today, posted by fuge, decathlon app by fuego camina conmigo, unstuck by violet office.

If you read our piece on creative page transitions , you probably remember Lama Lama , a creative digital agency from Amsterdam, and their Juicebrothers project. The case study for the project (the organic, cold-pressed juice brand from Netherlands) is presented in a combination of playfulness and youth typical of Lama Lama, and a high level of professionalism, also typical of the agency . The main visual motif is the beautiful deep green color that communicates health and vitality, featured extensively in layouts for the Juicebrothers website. Small white typography conveys just the right amount of information about the project and allows the imagery to take center stage. The case study page opens with a sort of split screen between bits of text on the left and a vertical image gallery to the right, and then proceeds with larger image and video sections displaying selected bits of visual content for the brand. All the while, we also get to play with the cursor effect – an oversized, pixelized snake trail that follows the mouse movements.

Creative Nights is a UX design consultancy and creative studio headquartered in Prague, with an impressive roster of international projects. One of these projects is the website for the renowned dental products brand, Swissdent. Art of Swissdent is designed as a crossover between an eCommerce website and an online presentation of the brand. The case study , available at the agency’s website in their Works section, follows the style and the look of the agency’s branding and design, and the selected imagery from the project is given in beautiful frame sections with round edges. The entire page is perfectly balanced in terms of atmosphere, colors and dynamics , and makes the displayed work appear as an integral part of the agency’s own aesthetics, even if that may not necessarily be the case. The page ends with three fun, oversized buttons that the visitors can use to share their impressions with the agency.

Zhenya Rynzhuk is an architect-turned-art director with a solid industry experience and quite a few awards under her belt. Her website, which has received accolades for overall design as well as for mobile excellence, features some innovative design solutions, plenty of interactivity and just the right amount of brutalist details to keep things exciting in a minimalist environment . The Work section features several case studies for the projects Zhenya is most proud of, including art direction and interface design for Max Shkret , an award-winning digital artist creating 3D digital models. After an airy, minimalist and monochromatic section introducing the project, the page proceeds with a scroll-animated gallery of select project imagery. The images of Shkret’s digital models of animals (for which he hopes to raise enough money to turn into actual physical objects) are presented in successive full-width sections, each with a background that matches the object chromatically), resulting in an interesting, exciting stroll through Shrek’s imaginary world . This layout also adds a welcome touch of color to Zhenya’s generally monochromatic ambient.

Loer Architecten is a Dutch architecture studio with a beautiful, airy, dynamic website based on full-screen imagery, interactivity and interesting navigational solutions. The Projects section includes an interactive links list from which we get to navigate to the projects that interest us. We picked the Mercado project , which has the goal of transforming an abandoned backalley in the center of Groeningen into a thriving commercial and urban hub. Just as it would be expected from an architecture studio, the case study is clean and precise, opening with the most essential information , such as status and location. It is the page layout, however, that gives it a welcome kick and saves it from being plain and dull . The project name is displayed in vertical letters to avoid occupying precious space on the page. Thin straight and curved interface lines give it dynamicity, and so do animations in individual pieces of visual content, as well as animated scrolling effects. There isn’t a single full-width or full-screen image in this case study which, combined with ample use of negative space, gives it a very clean, breathable character.

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Commissioned by Comme des Garcons to create an interactive digital experience helping customers discover their fragrances, the French digital agency Ultranoir came up with Self Scenter , a Web GL-based reinvention of the brand’s Fragrance Finder so that it dynamically creates user-specific shapes. The case study shares some of the immersiveness of the project, especially in the hero section with a video and a large title. The case study, however, assumes a cleaner, more informative and practical character later on the page, sharing some of the visual pieces that best convey the atmosphere of the project – videos and select imagery. And the project is truly stunning, too – a beautiful dark interface with a somewhat mysterious character is graced by superbly designed elements with utmost attention to detail and aesthetic coherence. These dark visuals are contrasted by a light background, complete with the cursor shaped like a dot that changes from black to white and vice versa, depending on the surface it hovers upon.

Wemakefab is an old acquaintance from our exploration of the power of interactive links in web design , and today we want to take a look at the case study for the project they developed for the online font aggregator Fontshare. As we get to learn from the case study, the project involved complete visual rebranding, interface design and even the logo redesign. And we have to say, this is a proper case study here, the one that ticks all the boxes as to how a case study should be done and what it should include . Each element of the project is listed and illustrated in a logical, sequential manner, on a clean, high-contrast black and white page. It starts with the project blurb, and then moves to font cards, internal pages, mobile view, the palette and select details. All visuals are given in a manner that follows the principles of usability and clean design – they are large (occasionally oversized), clean, carefully arranged, with occasional thin lines, both vertical and horizontal, that sequence off the sections. Several elements give off a spirit of playfulness and humor – like the section that switches from white ot black when hovered upon, oversized typography and the blinking cursor. The case study is stylistically coherent and tight and very well matched to the nature and the purpose of the project.

Playful is a collaborative collective of digital creators specialized in art direction and moving picture campaigns. More & More Nespresso is, by their own admission, one of the most challenging and rewarding projects the agency has worked on. The case study for the project is just as complex and rich as the project itself. It opens with an impressive hero slider introducing some of the textures that played a central role in the project, in a deep, sultry purple. Carefully curated images and videos from the project are skillfully arranged along the page, contrasted with large empty spaces with light backgrounds and text, offering a welcome pause from the visual feast. The color play is particularly striking – the project itself features a delicate interplay between rich, deep burgundys, greens and blues on one hand, and fine, elegant pastels on the other. The same interplay is repeated in the case study, and the elegant, sophisticated character of the project is underlined by the use of the lovely Antiga typeface throughout the page. The page features a director’s cut video, which is the centerpiece of the project, but doesn’t take over the case study, as it is after all exactly that – a case study in which the agency explains the creative process and pinpoints main visual cues and motifs.

You may remember the Baillat Studio from our piece on inspiring menu design , in which we praised the studio’s modern, interactive fullscreen menu. Today we’re going to check out the Project section of the website, specifically the case study for the 2016 edition of BIAN (the International Digital Art Biennale). The visual identity for the festival was based on black and red, a color combination that creates a lovely contrast with the page’s light gray background and black interface typography. A short text about the target and the main identity elements (Swiss style-based aesthetics, right-angle frames, repetition, lines and precision) follows the opening hero section with a full-width visual from the project. After this introductory section, we get to explore the visuals from the project, presented in the form of photography, video and images of project material in real life, in its designated ambience. The agency, therefore, decided to let the images speak for themselves, without excessive explanations and textual narratives . And it was a good call, too – the page is compact and informative, just what a case study should be.

Here’s a designer we love to feature in our articles – we’ve written about Niccolò Miranda in our pieces on poster-inspired web design and on great examples of footer design , to name a few. This time around, let’s take a look at how this talented Italian designer and developer with a penchant for illustration decided to present his featured works on his website, using the case study for Prada Employees Online Store as an example. The first thing we notice is that the project pages are completely in line with the overall style of Miranda’s portfolio. By that we mean the paper-like texture, the torn paper effect, the columns and sections resembling newspaper layouts, and, of course, illustrations . The page opens with a hero section that holds a lovely illustration from the project he did for Prada (an online store that sells the brand’s previous collections). We then move on to a section explaining what it was that Miranda was commissioned to do, and sections explaining how he did it. What’s interesting (in addition to the distinct and idiosyncratic style) is that the imagery from the project is presented not in the main page content, but instead in a sidebar that opens to the right when we click on the appropriate icon . The page also features a big oval button that leads to the project’s live site, and that’s about it. It is basically more of a project blurb page than a case study per se, but considering its unique style and Miranda’s amazing talent, we figured it deserved a mention here as well.

K95 is a design, branding and communications agency from Catania, Sicily. They work with mostly Italian clients but have a few international names on their roster as well. Their website features a neat list of projects in the form of an interactive link carousel, each link leading to the appropriate case study. Today we’re going to check out the one for Ortovivo , a Sicilian organic food production company. Each project is neatly divided into sections that include description, target, branding and packaging , linked in the header (from which we can also turn off the case study and return to the homepage). The layout is airy and clean, with plenty of empty space around each piece of visual content, and a large circular animated button inviting us to scroll to explore the project. Sections with empty space are combined with full-width interactive ones, moving and expanding as we scroll. It is a dynamic, modern and skillfully designed page that unites good UX, usability and efficiency with modern design practices that speak volumes of the agency’s expertise and taste.

Obys Agency is a creative design agency from Ukraine with a focus on UX/UI design, animation, graphic design and development. Their website is a modern, streamlined and fluid display of their works, principles, accolades and much more. As an agency that flaunts a serious approach to everything they do, Obys wanted to share some of their ethos and the artistic and design principles they follow in their work, and that’s why they created a standalone website on Typography Principles , while the main website has a page that serves as a case study for it. The site includes three sections explaining how the agency uses fonts, how it combines them and what rules it follows when it comes to typography. The page follows the white on black aesthetic line of the rest of the website, with sections that roll up or down revealing underlying content. Navigation is particularly interesting here, as we get to explore the visual content through scrolling, clicking on oversized interactive buttons, and play videos. Numbered sections and diagonal arrows hint to physical navigation signals (like traffic or airport ones), and the part of the study that deals with animation is presented in a separate unit. The website itself is rather impressive and the case study does an excellent job at conveying its complexity and elegance, both design-wise and in terms of UX.

Tubik Studio is a full-stack digital service agency with a focus on UX and UI design. Their website offers a rather no-frills (but nevertheless striking) display of services and works the studio is most proud of, with a gallery of images leading to specific projects. The page for Komuso Design project, for instance, offers an informative and hands-on overview of the project. It opens with an intro hero image, followed by brief project info presented in a simple, readable form, with comfortable black Gilroy typography on a white background. The visual content is presented in the form of videos on a lovely marble-like background, combined with screenshots from the project arranged on a beautifully combined palette of pastels. A particularly well-designed section is the boxed split slider gallery that offers a dynamic and convenient way of displaying several instances of content without cluttering the page or making it too long. The study ends with the visual system: a color scheme with HEX codes, some representative samples of typography and the mobile layout. The entire page bears an airy, pleasant character, perfectly aligned with the client’s brand and product (a wellness tool designed to help people relax through breathing).

Humana Studio is a Portuguese agency that helps build brands with a social and environmental impact. They were commissioned by the 92 Group, a design studio that challenges traditions in media and entertainment through irreverence, unconventionality and youth. Obviously, this was an excellent fit as the Humana Studio has a distinctly disruptive approach. The case study for the 92 Group brand identity and communication strategy partly follows the same disruptive principles – especially in terms of visual communication – but also some more conventional ones, specifically when it comes to UX. The visual content is saturated, loud and bold , with strong, deep colors on a black background, but the way it is arranged on the page guarantees proper navigation, readability and ease of consumption . The sections are topped with a subtle zoom-in effect and a yellow round cursor that shrinks and expands and the text is short and to the point. The study is brief but concentrated, informative and practical, coherent in character and atmosphere.

WØRKS Studio is a New York-based consultancy specializing in creative direction, strategy and design. Their main website is an exciting showcase of both the agency ethos and their projects, and is marked by a distinct cinematic approach, with a lot of information and content being handed in form of immersive fullscreen videos and animated sequences. The DreamHaus project is presented as an animated study of the pillar design elements used for the project – with the main focus on typography and the palette . The fullscreen hero section opens with a large animated logo of the project, proceeds with a palette of beautiful pastels, with names and hex codes, and ends with a sequence that showcases the typography used for the project, and the main layout style, as well as textures. The visitor can scroll to learn more about the project and its goal, as well as the main guidelines that the agency followed in the creative direction of this project. The images related to the project, or the products of the direction, if you will, are presented with animation effects that feature a brief flash of yellow, which is the agency’s signature color, thus providing a continuity between the project and its creator and, of course, reinforcing the agency’s own branding.

Our most frequent readers might remember Parsons Branding from our piece on inspiring creative agencies and designers , in which we praised the agency’s beautiful UI design and interesting navigation solutions. Today, we want to check out one of their case studies, specifically the one for Topline , the South African tool manufacturer. The case studies all feature unique page navigation – the left portion of the screen contains a numbered section with jump links to specific parts of the case study : Overview, Identity, Packaging and so on, and of course we can simply scroll down and explore the entire study in its intended order. The background is in the agency’s signature green and gray, with a very subtle paper-like texture, giving the entire interface a lifelike quality. The left side, the one with the table of contents, remains static as we scroll, assuring easy navigation and orientation on the page, which is, in itself, quite rich in content, both visual and textual. Certain sections are given in horizontal scroll sliders, so we get an impression that the page expands in all directions. This is an extremely well thought-out case study, brimful of information for those interested in exploring the project in great detail, but at the same time simple and informative for those looking to just skim the content.

The Japanese Hello Today did a quite complete agency work for the home appliance manufacturer Weekend, from strategic planning and branding to graphic design, web design, photo and art direction and even copywriting. The Weekend case study on the agency website is a modern, elegantly dark showcase of everything the agency did, from the first steps to the completion of the project. Discrete white typography on a black background introduces basic project information and brand philosophy, both in English and in Japanese, before we scroll down to visuals. These are presented in a typically Japanese, dignified manner, gently floating on the black background, creating a beautiful contrast and a strange sense of calm . Thin, subtle interface lines provide some framework for the visual content and communicate rather successfully with the overall aesthetics of the website – minimalist and stripped-down.

Fuge is a Moscow-based design agency delivering UI, branding and digital solutions. The agency website is minimalist, in a very reduced palette, with small typography and on-lover grid patterns, resulting in a modern, serious look. This character is repeated throughout the website, including the individual case pages. Our favorite one is the case study for Posted , a design magazine for which the agency did branding, as well as UX and UI services and animations. The case page starts rather minimalistically, with a large image on a light background and just a few bits of text. As we scroll, more and more pieces of content appear on screen, in an interactive and rather fluid way . The case study is divided into sections – logo and elements, desktop and mobile versions of the magazine website. Each image can be expanded in a popup, with smooth and modern transitions, giving the page a dynamic and modern look. This atmosphere is reinforced by a modern, minimalist palette reduced to grayscale, black and red, which is the Posted brand palette. The images (or rather previews) are alternately arranged on the page, creating a lovely balance, and the entire composition appears to be held in place by the grid lines that appear as we hover over certain areas.

Decathlon has long planned a redesign and a relaunch of its app for the Spanish market but the Covid-19 pandemic put a halt to those plans for a while. As soon as the pandemic loosened, the sports goods company reached out to the Barcelona-based, Twin Peaks-named agency Fuego Camina Conmigo (Fire Walk with Me) for a range of services from digital strategy, art direction and concept, to copy, audiovisual content and social ads. The Decathlon App case study is available at the agency website, and it’s one of the most successful, detailed and complete studies we’ve seen in a while . it ticks all the boxes in terms of what a case study should contain – the context, the target, the implementation, and so on, but it does so in a way that is by no means dry or technical. The agency achieved this by skillfully alternating light and readable text sections with fullscreen sections with the visual material from the app , which can be viewed either as images or clicked to play a video. All the while, the agency maintains its own visual identity, present in typography, layout styles and elements such as the round cursor, buttons and icons.

Here’s a project that is as noble as it is well-carried out. Unstuck by Violet Office is an effort started by the CEO of Chobani and several other stakeholders with the goal of helping refugees find full-time jobs in partner companies and their supply chains. Chobani was the first to join the project, of course, and it was soon followed by other major brands like Ben & Jerry and Dole. Violet Office did the branding, web design and development, as well as social media. The branding part is perhaps the most impressive – the agency created a logo and wordmark that can easily fit any brand partner’s logo , and the first part of the case study focuses on that particular effort, complete with rich visuals proving the efficiency of the design . It then proceeds with an analysis of the Unstuck visual system (colors, patterns, typography), and ends with examples of brand activations, complete with the launch video. The high-contrast visuals are displayed full-width, either in galleries or individually, which creates an immersive effect on the visitor, who ends up being completely drawn into the narrative of this commendable project.

Wrapping It Up

As we saw from the examples we visited today, while a good case study may not necessarily have to strictly adhere to a formulaic structure, it’s still a good idea to give it some structure and to conceptualize it in a way that communicates clearly and directly with the viewer. And since the viewers are also potential clients, it’s needless to stress how important this is.

We’ve seen some “proper” case studies with neatly divided sections and a tight structure repeated throughout each study. We’ve also seen some more “relaxed” ones, and some that perhaps don’t really qualify as case studies in the strictest terms but that due to their quality and supreme design elements deserve a mention.

Hopefully we managed to inspire you by showing a variety of styles and methodologies you can follow in creating your own case studies. Feel free to share with us your own favorites or, even better, your own work!

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11 Inspiring UX Case Studies That Every Designer Should Study

A UX case study is a sort of detailed overview of a designer's work. They are often part of a UX designer's portfolio and showcase the designer's skill in managing tasks and problems. From a recruiter's perspective, such a UX portfolio shows the skill, insights, knowledge, and talent of the designer.

Therefore, UX case studies play an important role in the recruitment and demand for designers.

What Makes a Powerful Case Study

Building a UX case study includes showing the design process through compelling stories. They will use plain language to demonstrate how they handled key design issues, offering a comprehensive view of their process. Well done case studies often include:

• A  problem statement and solutions with real applications.
• Relevant numbers, data, or testimonials to demonstrate the work and efforts.
• A story that directly connects the problem to the solution.

Any competent UX professional will know that creating a stunning UX case study is about the little details.

11 Best UX Case Studies for Designers

The best way to understand what a good case study looks like is to go over other examples. Each of these UX case study examples shows a designer's insights, basic skills, and other designers' lessons learned through their experience.

1. Promo.com web editor

For this video-creation platform , UX designer Sascha was brought on to revamp v2.0, adding new features that could work alongside the existing UX design. The point was to work on interface details that would help create a user friendly platform, and that users could find simple enough to use.

User personas mapped by the UX designer revealed the most common confusion to be the process of inserting particular features into the video, such as subtitles. The designer's goal, therefore, was to create a platform with improved editor controls.

The designer then used a common text-editor layout to include top and side navigation bars that made it easy to access and implement text editing.

Key Learnings from Promo.com

This case study focuses on addressing a particular problem that customers were currently facing. Its main theme is to show a problem, and how the product designer addressed this problem. Its strength points include:

• clearly highlighting the problem (i.e. inaccessible and limited video-text editor options)
• conduction research to understand the nature of the problem and the kind of solutions customers want
• implementing research insights into the redesign to create a platform that actively served customer needs

2. Productivity tracker app

The main concept behind this UX case study is to address a pre-existing problem through the design of the app. Immediately from the start, the study highlights a common pain point among users: that of a lack of productivity due to device usage.

This UX case study example addressed some of the main problems within existing productivity apps included:a poor UI and UX that made navigation difficult

• a poorly-built information architecture
• limited functions on the mobile application

Key Learnings from the Productivity app case study

The case study highlights the simple design process that was then used to build the app. Wireframes were created, a moldboard developed, and finally, individual pages of the app were designed in line with the initial goals.

3. Postmates Unlimited

This case study clearly identifies the improvements made to the Postmates app in a simple overview before jumping into greater detail. The redesign goal, which it achieved, was to improve the experience and other interface details of the app.

The problems identified included:

• usability that led to high support ticket volume.
• technical app infrastructure issues that prevented scalability.
• lack of efficient product management, such as batching orders.

A UX research course can help understand the kind of research needed for a case study. The app redesign involved bringing couriers in and running usability testing on improvements. The final model, therefore, had input from real users on what worked and what caused issues.

Key Learnings from Postmates

The Postmates redesign works as a great UX case study for the simple way it approaches problem-solving. Following an overview of the work, it addresses the problems faced by users of the app. It then establishes research processes and highlights how changes were made to reduce these issues.

4. TV Guide

Addressing the fragmentation of content across channels, this case study sought to redesign how people consume media. The key problems identified included:

• the overabundance of content across various TV and streaming platforms
• the difficulty in discovering and managing content across all platforms

To deliver on the key goals of content personalization, smart recommendations, and offering cross-platform content search, the design process included conducting interviews, surveys, and checking customer reviews.

The design of TV Guide enables users to get custom recommendations sourced from friends' and family's watchlists.

Key Learnings from TV Guide

Like previous UX design case studies, this one tackled the issue head-on. Describing the research process, it goes into detail regarding the approach used by the UX designers to create the app. It takes readers on a journey, from identifying pain points, to testing solutions, and implementing the final version.

5. The FlexBox Inspector

Designer Victoria discusses how she developed the investigator tool for the Mozilla Firefox browser. Surveys into understanding the problems with the existing CSS Flexbox tool revealed a need for a user-friendly design. Interviews with a senior designer and other designers helped developers understand the features design-focused tools ought to have. A feature analysis revealed what most users look for in such tools.

The final result of the development process was a design that incorporated several new features, including:

• a new layout
• color-coded design
• multiple entry points to make workflow management efficient

Key Learnings from the Flexbox

This UX design case study starts with a clear goal, then addresses multiple user needs. It clearly defines the design process behind each feature developed by the time, and the reasoning for including that feature. To give a complete picture, it also discusses why certain features or processes were excluded.

6. The Current State of Checkouts

This Baymard UX design case study looks into the checkout process in over 70 e-commerce websites. Through competitive analysis, it isolates problem points in the UX design, which, if addressed, could improve the customer's checkout process.

The study found at least 31 common issues that were easily preventable. The study was designed and conducted on a large scale, over 12 years, to incorporate changing design patterns into the review.

Recommendations based on findings include:

• prominent guest checkout option
• simple password requirements
• specific delivery period
• price comparison tool for shipping vs store pickup

Key Learnings from Checkout Case Study

Each identified issue is backed up by data and research to highlight its importance. Further research backs up each recommendation made within the case study, with usability testing to support the idea. As far as UX case studies go, this one provides practical insight into an existing, widely used e-commerce feature, and offers practical solutions.

7. New York Times App

Using a creative illustration website, the designers proposed a landing page feature "Timely" that could counter the problems faced by the NYT app . Its major issues included too much irrelevant content, low usage, and undesirable coverage of content.

The goal behind Timely was to improve user incentives, build long-term loyalty, and encourage reading. Design mapping for the app covered:

• identifying the problem
• understanding audience needs
• creating wireframes
• designing and prototyping

The end result was an app that could help readers get notifications regarding news of interest at convenient moments (at breakfast, before bed). This encouraged interaction and improved readability with short-form articles.

Key Learnings from NYT App

The UX case study proposes a problem solution that works with an existing information architecture, instead adding custom graphics to the mobile app. It leads from a simple problem statement to discuss the project that could address these issues without changing was customers already loved.

UX case studies focused on redesign include the FitBit redesign, which started off by understanding personas and what users expect from a fitness tracker. Developing use cases and personas, Guerilla usability testing was employed to assess pain points.

These pain points were then ranked based on their importance to users and to app performance. They were addressed through:

• Highlighting essential parts and features of the app
• Changing easily missed icons to more recognizable icons
• relabelling tracking options to guide users better to its usage

Key Learnings from Fitbit

While the case study maps user experiences and offers solutions, it does not begin with an intensive research-based approach. The prototype is successful in testing, but problem factors are not identified with research-based statistics, meaning key factors could have been ignored.

9. Rating System UX

The designer behind the rating system UX redesign sought to solve issues with the 5-star rating system. Highlighted issues included:

• the lack of subjective accuracy of a 5-point rating system
• the issue of calculating the average of a zero-star rating
• average ratings are misleading

Better alternatives include:

• 5-star emoticon rating that relates the user experience
• Like/dislike buttons that make approval/disapproval simple

The final design incorporated both these styles to make full use of the rating system.

Key Learnings from Rating System UX

The UX case study stemmed from insight into the limitations of the existing rating system. The new design addressed old issues and incorporated better efficiencies.

The Intuit redesign was focused on making content readable, more engaging, and accessible. Looking into product personalization, the content was found to be lacking aesthetic value, as well as being hard to find. The goal was to create content that was easy to find, clear, and consistent.

The implemented solutions included:

• increased readability with increased body text and header spacing
• table of contents on the sidebar for easier navigation
• visible and prominent search bar
• illustrations and designs for pretty visuals

Key Learnings from Intuit

The Intuit case study approaches the problem from a practical point of view. It begins with isolating problems with the interface, in particular with the content. This is an example of a case study that breaks down problems into broader categories, and solves each problem with a practical solution.

This UX case study about a social platform tackles a commonly-faced problem from existing platforms. It addresses the issue of recognizing non-monetary user engagement, to help creators identify their user base.

The case study addresses the problem statement and establishes the design process (building wireframes and prototypes) as well as conducting user testing. The final result is to develop "Discover" pages, engaging layouts, and animated interactions to increase usability.

Key Learnings from Jambb

The study goes into detail regarding problem identification, then moves on to propose solutions that take into account the perspective of all stakeholders involved. It then explains why each design decision was made, and proves its efficacy through testing and prototyping.

Key Takeaways

Developing good UX case studies examples is as much about the details you include as the ones you leave out. Going over UX courses can give you a better understanding of what your case study should look like. A good case study should provide an overview of the problem, include numbers and statistics, and offer practical solutions that directly address the problem. The above-discussed UX case studies provide a good example of the dos and don'ts of a well-structured UX design case study that should be part of every UX portfolio .

Additional Resources

Check out these resources to learn more about UX case studies:

8 UX Case Studies to Read

UX Design Case Study

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• What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods

What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods

Published on May 8, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 20, 2023.

A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research.

A case study research design usually involves qualitative methods , but quantitative methods are sometimes also used. Case studies are good for describing , comparing, evaluating and understanding different aspects of a research problem .

Table of contents

When to do a case study, step 1: select a case, step 2: build a theoretical framework, step 3: collect your data, step 4: describe and analyze the case, other interesting articles.

A case study is an appropriate research design when you want to gain concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about a specific real-world subject. It allows you to explore the key characteristics, meanings, and implications of the case.

Case studies are often a good choice in a thesis or dissertation . They keep your project focused and manageable when you don’t have the time or resources to do large-scale research.

You might use just one complex case study where you explore a single subject in depth, or conduct multiple case studies to compare and illuminate different aspects of your research problem.

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Once you have developed your problem statement and research questions , you should be ready to choose the specific case that you want to focus on. A good case study should have the potential to:

• Provide new or unexpected insights into the subject
• Challenge or complicate existing assumptions and theories
• Propose practical courses of action to resolve a problem
• Open up new directions for future research

TipIf your research is more practical in nature and aims to simultaneously investigate an issue as you solve it, consider conducting action research instead.

Unlike quantitative or experimental research , a strong case study does not require a random or representative sample. In fact, case studies often deliberately focus on unusual, neglected, or outlying cases which may shed new light on the research problem.

Example of an outlying case studyIn the 1960s the town of Roseto, Pennsylvania was discovered to have extremely low rates of heart disease compared to the US average. It became an important case study for understanding previously neglected causes of heart disease.

However, you can also choose a more common or representative case to exemplify a particular category, experience or phenomenon.

Example of a representative case studyIn the 1920s, two sociologists used Muncie, Indiana as a case study of a typical American city that supposedly exemplified the changing culture of the US at the time.

While case studies focus more on concrete details than general theories, they should usually have some connection with theory in the field. This way the case study is not just an isolated description, but is integrated into existing knowledge about the topic. It might aim to:

• Exemplify a theory by showing how it explains the case under investigation
• Expand on a theory by uncovering new concepts and ideas that need to be incorporated
• Challenge a theory by exploring an outlier case that doesn’t fit with established assumptions

To ensure that your analysis of the case has a solid academic grounding, you should conduct a literature review of sources related to the topic and develop a theoretical framework . This means identifying key concepts and theories to guide your analysis and interpretation.

There are many different research methods you can use to collect data on your subject. Case studies tend to focus on qualitative data using methods such as interviews , observations , and analysis of primary and secondary sources (e.g., newspaper articles, photographs, official records). Sometimes a case study will also collect quantitative data.

Example of a mixed methods case studyFor a case study of a wind farm development in a rural area, you could collect quantitative data on employment rates and business revenue, collect qualitative data on local people’s perceptions and experiences, and analyze local and national media coverage of the development.

The aim is to gain as thorough an understanding as possible of the case and its context.

In writing up the case study, you need to bring together all the relevant aspects to give as complete a picture as possible of the subject.

How you report your findings depends on the type of research you are doing. Some case studies are structured like a standard scientific paper or thesis , with separate sections or chapters for the methods , results and discussion .

Others are written in a more narrative style, aiming to explore the case from various angles and analyze its meanings and implications (for example, by using textual analysis or discourse analysis ).

In all cases, though, make sure to give contextual details about the case, connect it back to the literature and theory, and discuss how it fits into wider patterns or debates.

If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Normal distribution
• Degrees of freedom
• Null hypothesis
• Discourse analysis
• Control groups
• Mixed methods research
• Non-probability sampling
• Quantitative research
• Ecological validity

Research bias

• Rosenthal effect
• Implicit bias
• Cognitive bias
• Selection bias
• Negativity bias
• Status quo bias

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6 Web Design Case Studies We Can Learn From

Convey your thought processes and skills - and show future clients who you are as a designer

Illustration: Oyow

• Apr 11, 2019

We all know the importance of having a good online design portfolio. It’s your opportunity to show off your masterpieces to the world, while having full control over all aspects, from the layout, to animations, navigation and more. This way, you can have an impact on the way your work is perceived and experienced by potential clients or employers.

That’s all very well, but when it comes to web design projects, why not simply add a link to the website itself and let your visitors browse freely over there? Sure – you should link to any websites you’ve designed, but there are many ways to effectively showcase your web design projects on your portfolio.

Creating a case study that explains your work process and final results can elevate your projects to a whole other level. It can help your site visitors gain a better understanding of who you are, the way you work, your decision-making processes and more. Just like any other design project, a case study should tell a story. It should take your site visitors on a journey through your process, from color palette choices, to icons created specifically for the project, ‘before and after’ pics and more.

We’ve gathered six designers who have chosen diverse ways to expertly showcase their web design projects on their Wix portfolios. Dive in for some inspiration:

1. Brown Owl Creative for Creative House Group

> Showcasing custom-made icons and full-length screenshots

Multidisciplinary design company, Brown Owl Creative, chose to place a fullscreen gif on the top fold of this project page, instantly setting the tone. Directly beneath, a brief sentence introduces the client they were working with, plus the discipline involved and a link to the final result: the website itself. A generous use of white space helps put the focus on the text.

Scrolling down, you’ll find full-length screenshots of their website design, with a simple non-obtrusive gray border. They’ve also chosen to display a section of the client’s website on a laptop, offering an alternative perspective. Another nice touch is the emphasis they’ve put on three animated icons that are featured on the final site. And let’s not forget some basic UX principles they’ve taken care of: a ‘Back to top’ button and a ‘Next project’ button to ensure fluid navigation.

2. Miki Twersky for Nosta Fragrances

> Merging video screenshots with atmospheric photos

There are many subtle additions to NYC-based designer Miki Twersky’s portfolio that make it such a success. The comic footer, delightfully honest ‘ About ’ page and spacious layout make for a browsing experience that is both smooth and entertaining.

It comes as no surprise that her inner project pages are crafted with just as much care and attention to detail. This web design case study starts with a mood-setting image, followed by a brief explanation of the brand and some additional basic details, such as the date, her roles within the project and any other contributors. A slider invites you to scroll through to view the various stages involved in the logo design process.

Further down, Miki has seamlessly integrated video screenshots of the website, enabling her to choose which aspects of her design to put a spotlight on. The page ends with a few product photos that help strengthen the look-and-feel and tie everything together, while presenting more of her branding work.

3. Adelaide Wang for Humm.ly

> Thorough case study incorporating texts, images and videos

San Francisco-based product designer, Adelaide Wang, definitely knows the ins and outs of creating an intriguing and comprehensive case study. Having worked on many aspects of this project for Humm.ly , a music healthcare platform and app, she was able to share her and her team’s full work process.

The long-scrolling page takes you on a journey through some of the major stages of any design project. It starts by presenting their search for a defined visual identity. It then moves on to the details of the app’s various screens and navigation, putting an emphasis on the accessibility of the website’s design . Lastly, Adelaide presents the website itself on various devices, including a video screenshot of the website on mobile.

A consistent layout is used throughout the page, with titles, subtitles and paragraph text all retaining the same style. Two alternating shades of gray make up the website’s background, creating a clear, but subtle, separation between folds, and ultimately contributing to a successful user experience.

Learn more about how to nail your website’s UX design with these professional examples.

4. Studio&more for Din7

> Presenting color choices, logo design and more

Here’s another example of a detailed web design case study, by graphic design studio, Studio&more. In this project for industrial design company, Din7, they worked on both branding and UX. As a result, they had the material necessary to cover everything from color palette and typography choices, to the development of the company’s logo design, illustration style, website and various applications of the visual identity.

Each section of the case study is numbered and presented with a succinct selection of images. They’ve also used the visual language they came up with for the brand in the background, creating a strong and clearly defined tone of voice. Lastly, the studio has picked out a few of their website design’s screens to showcase separately, drawing attention to them.

5. Ariel Sun for her wedding website

> Telling a story through text and images

NYC-based artist and designer, Ariel Sun, created this web design case study for her own wedding website. There are many ways to write copy for your design portfolio – and here, Ariel’s gone for a friendly and personal tone of voice to provide site visitors with an inviting summary of the project. She also clearly explained what she and her partner’s different roles were in the process, giving everyone the credit they deserve.

Two simple, static screenshots of the website design follow, presenting the most prominent pages of the site. These are accompanied by an illustration of the couple and an image of the wedding invitation, helping us get a feel for the vibe they were going for. All of this is presented in a highly aesthetic way, using a clean grid, plus a fixed menu at the top for comfortable navigation.

6. Liron Ashkenazi for The-Artery

> Including mobile and tablet view, process, and more

Multidisciplinary design director, Liron Ashkenazi, worked with a team of 3D artists, designers and developers to come up with the award-winning design for The-Artery ’s website. Liron’s case study of the project is made up of a selection of beautifully designed screenshot videos, short explanatory titles, the 3D model design process and accompanying text. The layout is concise, while including all the relevant details.

A thin column on the left provides us with background information on the client, The-Artery, as well as a breakdown of the various roles and the people involved. It also includes a list of links where the website has been featured.

Scrolling down the page, you see the development of the 3D animated models that appear on the final website. There’s also an image that showcases the website on three different devices. Incorporating elements from the design outside of the screenshots, makes for an intriguing visual representation of the overall project. The text above and on each image clarifies which page you’re looking at and who’s responsible for which elements, while not distracting from the design itself. Finally, Liron has included the design for a 404 page – a welcome addition, especially when it looks this good.

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Cerantola, DJ, Schmidt, G, Handford, D, & Dass, P. "TPMS Turbojet Precooler Design Methodology and Case Study." Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition . Volume 13: Heat Transfer: General Interest / Additive Manufacturing Impacts on Heat Transfer; Wind Energy . London, United Kingdom. June 24–28, 2024. V013T13A009. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2024-122645

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Turbojet precoolers can benefit from additively manufactured triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). Although literature has quantified heat exchanger performance improvements with specifically gyroid or diamond lattice structures and how to utilize optimization frameworks, pressure loss and heat-transfer correlations appear to be geometry-specific and a precooler design methodology is not apparent. Parametric steady-RANS CFD studies that employed the SST turbulence model with a zero-thickness shell interface were conducted on 50-50 and 80-20 volume ratio cross-flow gyroid and diamond arrays where air was the hot fluid and hydrogen gas was the cold fluid between the Reynolds numbers of 5,000 and 2e5. Better fits for drag coefficient and Nusselt number occurred when tortuosity and viscosity ratio were included as independent parameters. Given compressor inlet temperature and H2 pressure loss constraints, a methodology was proposed to determine the optimal volume ratio for an unit cell. A cross-flow precooler case study showed that weight was minimum as TPMS cell size Δx decreased whereas pressure loss was minimum at Δx = 4.5cm.

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Einstein（アインシュタイン）で顧客対応時間が半減。AIで進化するイーデザイン損保のコンタクトセンター

東京海上グループのデジタルR&D組織としての役割も果たすイーデザイン損害保険会社がSalesforceのAI「Einsitein（アインシュタイン）」を活用したコールセンター改革に挑んでいます。顧客対応時間が半減するなど、すでに成果が生まれている同社のAIプロジェクトを紹介します。

Tsuyoshi Kimura

イーデザイン損害保険がSalesforceのAI「Einstein（アインシュタイン）」を活用してコンタクトセンターを進化させています。顧客とのやり取りにAIを取り入れ、ACW（平均後処理時間）が50%削減するなど、まだ取り組み始めて間もない中、成果がすでに表れています。東京海上グループのデジタルR&D組織とも位置付けられる同社のAIチャレンジを紹介します。

その返信、AIの Einstein （アインシュタイン）がやっておきます。

この記事ではカスタマーサービス向けAIを紹介しています。

東京海上グループのデジタルR&D組織

試した３つのai活用領域, einsteinでコンタクトセンター革命.

イーデザイン損害保険（イーデザイン損保）は東京海上グループで、個人向け自動車保険に特化した企業。テクノロジーを活用した販売や顧客対応を得意としており、「東京海上グループ内のデジタルR&D（研究・開発）組織としての役割も担っています」（竹内隆お客さまサポート部長）。

AIなどの先進テクノロジーをいち早く取り入れて検証し、効果がある技術やツールは、そのノウハウも含めてグループ会社に共有。グループ全体のデジタル変革の先駆者であり先導役としての位置付けでもあります。

顧客との重要なタッチポイントであるコンタクトセンターは、東京・新宿区と宮城・仙台市の2拠点に設置。テックタッチ（Webサイトやチャットボットなどを通じたデジタルコミュニケーション）とヒューマンタッチ（有人チャットやメール、電話を通じて人によるコミュニケーション）を有機的に組み合わせた対応を行っています。

イーデザイン損保はこれまで、Salesforceの「Financial Services Cloud」や「Marketing Cloud」、「Tableau」などのソリューションを活用してカスタマーセンターの業務効率化や顧客満足度向上を推進してきましたが、AIの活用にも積極的に取り組んでいます。

イーデザイン損保様のこれまでのSalesforce導入事例

フルクラウドのシステム基盤で目指す、損害保険サービスの「究極のCX」 （2023年4月）

これまでのAI活用領域は、主に下記の3つです。

顧客と事故対応担当者の最適なマッチング

• バーチャルコンシェルジュ（アバター）による顧客対応（実証実験）

最適なマッチングでは、顧客とオペレーターに予め実施したコミュニケーションに関するアンケートを実施し、それに基づいて事故が起きた際に、相性の良いオペレーターをAIで選任するというもの。

米国の心理学者が提唱した「ソーシャルスタイル理論」と呼ばれるメソッドを活用し、「感情を出すタイプか、抑えるタイプか」、「意見を聞くタイプか、主張するタイプか」をアンケート。その結果から顧客の好みのコミュニケーションスタイルを推定し、事故にあった場合にスムーズな会話ができる最適なオペレーターを選び出します。

過去の不正請求情報を学習したAIが、不正請求があった際にそれを検知するというもの。これまですべて人がチェックしなければならなかったが、AIを活用することで業務の効率化を実現しています。

バーチャルコンシェルジュによる顧客対応

問い合わせが多い自動車保険の車両入替業務で生成AIを搭載したバーチャルコンシェルジュが対応する内容。本実証実験の結果を踏まえ、引き続きAI技術を活用した顧客体験のさらなる向上を目指しています。

着実にAIを業務に根付かせているイーデザイン損保ですが、今年に入ってさらにAI活用にドライブをかけ、コンタクトセンターのオペレーターの日々の業務に、SalesforceのAI「Einstein（アインシュタイン）」を活用した検証を開始しました。

具体的にはカスタマーサービス向けEinsteinを活用し、顧客とオペレーターの有人チャットのシーンで、2つのトライアルを始めています。

1つは、「Service Replies（サービス返信）」という機能を活用し、顧客の問い合わせ内容に対して蓄積したデータから最適な返信を自動生成するもの。これによってオペレーターの平均処理時間（ Average Handling Time＝AHT）の削減をつなげようとしています。

その検証結果について、竹内部長はこう話しています。

「情報表示のスピード、回答の正確性、特徴の把握という3点で主に検証しています。表示スピードは5秒程度で、業務で使えるレベル。正確性は質問と用意したナレッジが一致しないと正しい答えが返ってこないので正確な回答が出しやすい形で、ナレッジを登録することが必要。特徴は短文の質問には正しい返答が出ないや、複数の質問をした場合、最初の質問しか回答しないなどいくつかのポイントが見えてきました。いずれも改善すれば精度が上がる感触は得ています」

もう1つのトライアルは「Conversation Summaries（会話サマリー）」という機能を活用した、チャット後のその内容を自動要約する内容。この機能では、オペレーターの平均後処理時間（After Call Work＝ACW）」の削減を図っています。

「この機能では要約の精度、オペレータ業務の考慮点、特徴の把握がポイント。精度は本番で十分利用できる水準で、ACWが50%削減できたケースもありました」（竹内部長）。

オペレーターの業務への考慮点や特徴としてはチャットに残らない情報はオペレーターが追記する必要があることなど「いくつかの気づきや課題を得られた。実用化に向けてさらにブラッシュアップしていきたい」と竹内部長は語っています。

イーデザイン損保は、今回の2つのトライアルをStep1と位置付けており、Step2やStep3の青写真も描いています。

「次の段階では、テキストだけでなく音声にも対応したAI活用。Step3では顧客向けの生成AIの活用やCRMデータも含んだAIアシスタントの活用などでデータ＋生成AIによる顧客体験価値を向上させていきたい」（竹内部長）。

東京海上グループのデジタルR&D拠点として先進技術の活用に積極的なイーデザイン損保。AIでも同グループの牽引役として、また損保業界をリードする存在として今後も注目です。

【3分で学ぶ】生成AIで変わるコンタクトセンター

カスタマーサービス向けAIを短い動画で学びましょう。 ・ケースへの返信文章の作成 ・ケース要約の作成 ・ナレッジの作成

AIは外来種？ 営業現場でAIを着実に根付かせる方法

フィールドサービスの持続可能性を向上させる3つの方法

関連コンテンツをトピックで絞り込む

• Service Cloud
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宝島社にてパソコン雑誌の編集者を経て、IT専門紙「週刊BCN」を発行するBCNの記者、編集長を務めた後、NewsPicksに移籍。企業のスポンサードコンテンツを主に制作するBrand DesignでHead of ... 読む Creativeを務める。2023年9月からSalesforceで、「Salesforce blog」を中心にSalesforceが発信するコンテンツの企画・制作を担う。

ビジネスに役立つコンテンツを定期的にお届けします

活況な観光業に Salesforceが「観光DXプラットフォーム」で実現できること。キーワードは「伴走型観光」

AI議事録自動作成ツールとは？機能や導入のメリット、選び方を解説

最新グローバルレポートからみる金融業界。生成AIは何を変えるのか？

エンゲージメントを高める良質なカスタマーサービスを届ける4つの方法

【AI実態調査】61%は、生成AIのビジネス活用を想像できていない

コンタクトセンターの燃え尽き症候群の実態。8つの兆候と克服方法とは

カスタマーサービスの未来。2025年に向けて押さえるべき３つのトレンド

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• Open access
• Published: 30 August 2024

Unidirectional association of clonal hematopoiesis with atherosclerosis development

• Miriam Díez-Díez   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-825X 1   na1 ,
• Beatriz L. Ramos-Neble   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8490 1   na1 ,
• Jorge de la Barrera 1 ,
• J. C. Silla-Castro 1 ,
• Ana Quintas   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-7580 1 ,
• Enrique Vázquez 1 ,
• M. Ascensión Rey-Martín 1 ,
• Benedetta Izzi 1 ,
• Lucía Sánchez-García 1 ,
• Inés García-Lunar 1 , 2 , 3 ,
• Guiomar Mendieta 1 , 4 , 5 ,
• Virginia Mass 1 ,
• Nuria Gómez-López 1 ,
• Cristina Espadas 1 ,
• Gema González 1 ,
• Antonio J. Quesada   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-8819 1 ,
• Ana García-Álvarez 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ,
• Antonio Fernández-Ortiz 1 , 2 , 7 ,
• Enrique Lara-Pezzi 1 , 2 ,
• Ana Dopazo   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-1684 1 , 2 ,
• Fátima Sánchez-Cabo   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-1664 1 , 2 ,
• Borja Ibáñez   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-254X 1 , 2 , 8 ,
• Vicente Andrés   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-7209 1 , 2 ,
• Valentín Fuster   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0005-7344-8425 1 , 9 &
• José J. Fuster   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-629X 1 , 2  

Nature Medicine ( 2024 ) Cite this article

Metrics details

• Atherosclerosis
• Translational research

Clonal hematopoiesis, a condition in which acquired somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells lead to the outgrowth of a mutant hematopoietic clone, is associated with a higher risk of hematological cancer and a growing list of nonhematological disorders, most notably atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease. However, whether accelerated atherosclerosis is a cause or a consequence of clonal hematopoiesis remains a matter of debate. Some studies support a direct contribution of certain clonal hematopoiesis-related mutations to atherosclerosis via exacerbation of inflammatory responses, whereas others suggest that clonal hematopoiesis is a symptom rather than a cause of atherosclerosis, as atherosclerosis or related traits may accelerate the expansion of mutant hematopoietic clones. Here we combine high-sensitivity DNA sequencing in blood and noninvasive vascular imaging to investigate the interplay between clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis in a longitudinal cohort of healthy middle-aged individuals. We found that the presence of a clonal hematopoiesis-related mutation confers an increased risk of developing de novo femoral atherosclerosis over a 6-year period, whereas neither the presence nor the extent of atherosclerosis affects mutant cell expansion during this timeframe. These findings indicate that clonal hematopoiesis unidirectionally promotes atherosclerosis, which should help translate the growing understanding of this condition into strategies for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in individuals exhibiting clonal hematopoiesis.

Somatic mutations that accumulate during the human lifespan are emerging as potential contributors to several disorders beyond their known role in cancer 1 . The most prominent example is that of clonal hematopoiesis (CH), a condition in which de novo somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide a selective advantage that leads to the clonal outgrowth of the mutant cell 2 , 3 . CH-associated mutations affect a limited set of genes—most frequently the epigenetic regulatory genes DNMT3A and TET2 —that are also commonly mutated in hematological neoplasia. Accordingly, CH is associated with a higher risk of developing hematological cancer 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . In addition, CH is also emerging as a shared risk factor for a growing list of nonhematological disorders 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 . Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the nonhematological condition most strongly linked to CH 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 13 , 19 , 24 . However, whether accelerated atherosclerosis is a cause or a consequence of CH remains a matter of debate. While sequencing studies in humans and experimental studies in mice support a direct causal contribution of some CH-related mutations to atherosclerosis by exacerbating inflammatory responses 4 , 9 , 13 , 19 , 25 , 26 , mathematical models based on human and mouse data suggest that the association between CH and CVD may instead reflect reverse causality 27 . Specifically, it has been posited that CH could simply be a direct consequence of increased HSC proliferation in individuals with atherosclerosis, resulting in accelerated expansion of existing mutant hematopoietic clones 27 , 28 , 29 . This reverse causality hypothesis could also apply to other CH-related associations, thereby explaining why CH is associated with a very diverse range of conditions 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 30 , 31 , 32 . The uncertain nature of the relationship between CH and atherosclerosis has particularly important clinical implications, as the specific atherogenic effects of CH mutations on leukocytes are being discussed as potential targets for the development of personalized strategies to reduce or prevent CVD in individuals with CH 3 . Such approaches would not be effective if the association between CH and atherosclerosis is merely due to the effects of atherosclerosis on the dynamics of CH.

Resolving the controversy surrounding the directionality of the CH–atherosclerosis association requires longitudinal analyses that combine deep genotyping of CH-related genes with deep phenotyping of study participants. Such longitudinal analyses were not feasible in earlier studies, which mainly relied on cross-sectional whole-exome sequencing (WES) datasets at a single time point 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 13 , 16 . To address this issue, here we take advantage of the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA) study 33 , a longitudinal cohort of healthy middle-aged individuals with serially collected blood DNA samples and deep cardiovascular and metabolic phenotyping, including extensive imaging-based assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis burden in multiple vascular territories and at multiple time points. Leveraging this resource, we used a high-sensitivity sequencing approach to investigate CH and its dynamics in a longitudinal manner, aiming to elucidate the interplay between CH and atherosclerosis.

CH in healthy middle-aged individuals

Previous analyses of WES or whole-genome sequencing (WGS) datasets suggested that CH is relatively uncommon in middle-aged individuals, with frequencies ranging approximately from 2% to 3% in individuals aged between 40 and 55 years, compared with >10% in individuals older than 65 (refs. 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 34 ). However, these previous observations were limited by the low sensitivity of somatic mutation calling based on WES or WGS data, which hampers the detection of small mutant clones (for example those present with variant allele fraction (VAF) <5%, that is, 10% of mutant blood cells, assuming monoallelic mutations) 34 . Therefore, to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of CH in this segment of the population, we performed high-sensitivity targeted sequencing of 54 CH-related genes (median depth 3,712×; Extended Data Fig. 1a ) in blood samples collected at enrollment from 3,692 participants in PESA (40–55 years old at the time of enrollment, median 45; see Methods for details). We predefined a minimum VAF threshold of 0.2% to identify CH mutations, as our sequencing depth allowed us to detect CH variants at this VAF with a sensitivity greater than 90% ( Methods and Extended Data Fig. 1b ). Using this threshold and a previously described filtering and curation strategy 35 , 36 ( Methods and Supplementary Table 1 ), we identified a total of 1,172 CH-related somatic mutations in 46 genes, with 1,079 variants (92%) occurring in 33 genes linked to myeloid CH (typically referred to as CH of indeterminate potential or CHIP) and 93 variants in 13 genes linked to lymphoid CH 8 , 37 (Extended Data Fig. 1a and Supplementary Table 2 ). Approximately 25% of individuals carried at least one CH-related mutation detectable with our sequencing approach. Mutations in DNMT3A were most frequent (657 mutations, driving CH in 14.8% of individuals) followed by mutations in TET2 (153 mutations, driving CH in 3.9% of individuals), consistent with previous studies (Fig. 1a and Extended Data Fig. 1c ) 4 , 6 , 8 , 34 , 38 . The basic features of CH mutations in the study population aligned well with those reported in previous WES or WGS analyses 4 , 6 , 34 , 38 (Extended Data Fig. 1d and Supplementary Table 2 ), with more than one-half of the single nucleotide variants corresponding to a C > T substitution, a mutational signature characteristic of aging and CH (Extended Data Fig. 1e ).

We performed deep targeted sequencing to identify somatic mutations in a custom panel of 54 CH-related genes in 3,692 individuals from the PESA cohort. a , The number of CH driver mutations identified per gene. The values above the bars indicate the percentage of mutations affecting each specific gene. b , The CH prevalence across quartiles of age. c , The number of mutations per individual across quartiles of age. d , The association between advancing age (stratified as quartiles) and CH (analyzed separately as driven by mutations in DNMT3A , TET2 or other genes) based on multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals centered in the mean value (square). e , The distribution of mutant clone size in the study population, assessed as VAF. The dashed line shows the 2% VAF threshold most typically used to identify CH. The box shows the 25th (Q1), 50th (median) and 75th (Q3) percentiles of the data. The whiskers represent Q1 − 1.5 × IQR at the minimum and Q3 + 1.5 × IQR at the maximum. f , The prevalence of CH with VAF ≥2% across quartiles of age. g , The association between gene-specific CH and female sex, based on multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals centered in the mean value (square). h , The CH prevalence across quartiles of age stratified by sex. In b , f and h , CH status in individuals carrying more than one mutation was defined on the basis of the mutation with the highest VAF.

The prevalence of CH mutations in this middle-aged population increased with advancing age (Fig. 1b ). After adjustment for sex, each additional year of age was independently associated with a 9% higher relative risk of carrying detectable CH mutations (odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.11, P  < 0.001), and the prevalence of CH was 33.5% in the top quartile of age, which included individuals between ∼ 50 and ∼ 55 years of age (Fig. 1b ). Most mutation carriers (76%) had only one detectable mutation, although the frequency of carrying more than one mutation increased with age (Fig. 1c ). Age was markedly associated with DNMT3A -mutant CH (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.12, P  < 0.001), TET2 -mutant CH (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.14, P  < 0.001) and CH driven by mutations in other genes (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.08–1.14, P  < 0.001), although the increase in CH prevalence with aging differed between driver genes, with DNMT3A -mutant CH rising in prevalence earlier in life than CH driven by mutations in other genes (Fig. 1d ).

As expected, the mutant hematopoietic clones identified in our study were generally of much smaller size than those identified in previous WES or WGS analyses 4 , 6 , 34 , 38 (median VAF 0.92%, range 0.2–39.9%; Fig. 1e , Extended Data Fig. 1f and Supplementary Table 2 ). In total, 78.8% of the detected mutations had a VAF smaller than 2%, the minimum clone size threshold used in most previous CH studies 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , and only ∼ 4% of them had a VAF greater than 10%, which identified clones with significant impact on atherosclerotic CVD in previous large studies 4 , 7 , 9 , 13 , 16 , 39 . CH mutations over the typical 2% VAF threshold were detected in 6.0% of the study population and in ∼ 9% of those between ∼ 50 and ∼ 55 years of age (Fig. 1f ). Computational downsampling of sequencing depth suggests that this elevated prevalence of CH compared with previous WGS/WES studies 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 34 reflects the better sensitivity provided by our targeted sequencing approach (Extended Data Fig. 1g,h ).

Consistent with recent reports 6 , 40 , we found that DNMT3A -mutant CH was associated with female sex after adjusting for age, with women exhibiting a 64% higher risk of carrying detectable DNMT3A mutations than men (Fig. 1g ). In total, 17.8% of women in the study population carried DNMT3A mutations, whereas 13.2% of men carried such mutations, and this higher frequency of DNMT3A mutations in women was evident across all quartiles of age (Fig. 1h ). No significant sex-related differences were observed in the prevalence of CH driven by mutations in genes other than DNMT3A (Fig. 1g,h ).

Clinical characteristics of CH mutation carriers

Having determined with high resolution the landscape of CH-related mutations in our study population, we next aimed to examine the pathophysiological effects of CH in these middle-aged individuals. Table 1 presents the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population, stratified by CH status. The characteristics of individuals with clones with VAF ≥2% or gene-specific forms of CH are listed in Extended Data Table 1 and Supplementary Table 3 , respectively. Carrying CH-related mutations was associated with higher absolute blood cell counts in all hematopoietic lineages in multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age and sex (Extended Data Table 2 ). However, this effect was mild overall, with 3.9% and 7.2% relative increases in median counts of circulating leukocytes in those carrying CH-related mutations with VAF <2% and ≥2%, respectively (Extended Data Table 3 ). No other associations with major hematological parameters were observed. Overall, these findings corroborate the known relationship between CH and blood cell counts 6 , 7 , 13 , 34 . CH mutation carriers also tended to exhibit higher blood pressure and higher levels of glycated hemoglobin HbA1C (Table 1 ), consistent with some previous reports 6 , 13 , 41 , but these associations were not statistically significant after adjustment for age and sex (Supplementary Table 4 ).

No cross-sectional association between CH and atherosclerosis

We next investigated the cross-sectional relationship between CH and subclinical atherosclerosis burden assessed at enrollment through noninvasive vascular imaging across multiple vascular beds, including three-dimensional vascular ultrasound imaging (3DVUS) of carotid and femoral arteries, and computed tomography (CT)-based determination of coronary artery calcium scores (CACS). Although PESA participants who carried CH mutations exhibited greater subclinical atherosclerosis burden (Extended Data Fig. 2a–d ), no significant association was observed after adjusting for age and sex, or age, sex and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (Extended Data Table 4 ). Similar results were obtained in gene-specific analyses (Supplementary Table 5 ).

CH is associated with de novo femoral atherosclerosis

We next took advantage of the longitudinal nature of the PESA study and evaluated whether individuals who carried CH mutations at enrollment exhibited a higher risk of developing de novo atherosclerosis over subsequent years (Fig. 2a ). To do this, we leveraged the availability of 3DVUS imaging data for the carotid and femoral arteries, collected at enrollment and the 3-year and 6-year follow-up imaging examinations in PESA (Fig. 2b ). This imaging modality allows for the direct detection of atherosclerotic plaques, including the small plaques that are characteristic of early atherosclerosis and can be expected to develop in this timespan 42 , 43 . CH mutation carriers exhibited markedly higher rates of de novo femoral atherosclerosis development at the 3-year follow-up, which correlated with mutant clone size (Fig. 2c ). Similar results were observed when restricting this analysis to mutations in CHIP genes or specific frequently mutated genes (Fig. 2c ), or when evaluating de novo atherosclerosis development using imaging data from the 6-year follow-up (Fig. 2d ).

We investigated the association between CH at baseline and de novo development of femoral atherosclerosis ∼ 3 years and ∼ 6 years after enrollment among PESA participants who initially lacked detectable atherosclerosis in this region. 3DVUS imaging was used to determine the presence of femoral atherosclerosis. a , Summary of study design. b , Representative images from femoral atherosclerosis burden, assessed by 3DVUS, in an individual exhibiting de novo femoral atherosclerosis development (that is, absence of detectable atherosclerosis at the baseline evaluation (left) and plaque development at follow-up (right); scale bar, 5 mm). c , d , Incidence of de novo femoral atherosclerosis development at the 3-year follow-up ( c , n  = 2,347) or the 6-year follow-up ( d , n  = 2,214) in individuals free of CH (no CH) and in individuals exhibiting CH with VAF 0.2–2% or ≥2%. Incidence of de novo femoral atherosclerosis is also shown for myeloid CH (CHIP) or CH driven by specific CHIP genes. Statistical significance in the analyses of CH and CHIP was evaluated using univariate logistic regression models ( P for trends are shown). In gene-specific analyses, statistical significance was examined through proportion tests relative to the non-CHIP carriers group (* P  < 0.05, ** P  ≤ 0.01, *** P  ≤ 0.001). e , f , The association between CH or CHIP and de novo femoral atherosclerosis development at the 3-year follow-up ( e , n  = 2,347) and 6-year follow-up ( f , n  = 2,214) based on multivariate logistic regression analyses. Statistical models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, lipid-lowering treatment and the AUC of SBP, fasting glucose, LDL-C, BMI, CACS and global atherosclerotic plaque volume assessed by 3DVUS imaging; the bars indicate 95% confidence intervals centered in the mean value (square).

To account for the possible effects of the cumulative exposure to risk factors or the systemic burden of atherosclerosis 27 , 28 , 29 , we next evaluated the effects of CH in statistical models adjusted for the area under the curve (AUC) of conventional CV risk factors, CACS (assessed by CT) and global atherosclerotic plaque volume (assessed by 3DVUS), in addition to age and sex (see Methods for details). Using this approach, CH was independently associated with a 1.5-fold higher risk of developing de novo femoral atherosclerosis at the 3-year follow-up among participants who lacked detectable atherosclerosis in this vascular region at baseline (Fig. 2e ). The magnitude of this effect was dependent on mutant clone size, with smaller clones (VAF 0.2–2%) conferring a 1.4-fold higher risk of developing de novo femoral atherosclerosis, which did not reach statistical significance ( P  = 0.072), and larger clones leading to a 2.1-fold higher risk, an effect comparable to that of traditional modifiable risk factors such as dyslipidemia or smoking (Extended Data Fig. 3a ). These associations were independent of blood cell counts (Extended Data Fig. 3b ). The effect of CH was primarily driven by mutations in genes related to myeloid CH or CHIP, which were associated with 1.6-fold greater risk of de novo femoral atherosclerosis (Fig. 2e and Extended Data Fig. 3c,d ). In gene-specific analyses, CH driven by mutations in DNMT3A , TET2 and other genes were all associated with higher rates of de novo femoral atherosclerosis (Fig. 2e ). The effect of CH mutations remained consistent after correction for multiple hypothesis testing (Supplementary Table 6 ). Similar, albeit milder, results were also obtained when evaluating femoral atherosclerosis development at the 6-year follow-up in PESA (Fig. 2f ). No association was observed between CH and atherosclerosis development in the carotid artery (Supplementary Fig. 1 ), a region where atherosclerosis seems to develop at later ages based on previous analyses in PESA and other cohorts with multiterritorial vascular imaging data 42 , 44 , 45 .

No effect of subclinical atherosclerosis on CH dynamics

Finally, we determined the longitudinal dynamics of CH in healthy middle-aged participants in PESA to examine its potential modulation by the presence or extent of atherosclerosis. To do this, we sequenced blood samples collected at baseline and ∼ 6 years after enrollment from 718 CH mutation carriers (Fig. 3a ). We then used the serially determined VAF measurements as a surrogate for clone size to calculate the annual relative expansion rates (AER) of CH mutations in blood (see details in Methods ). Among 602 CH-related mutations that were detected at both time points with comparable sequencing depth and quality (Supplementary Table 7 ), the median AER was 6.5% per year. CH-related mutations in DNMT3A (381 variants) and TET2 (80 variants) expanded at median AER of 7.0% per year and 7.6% per year, respectively (Fig. 3b ). Overall, mutations in epigenetic regulatory genes showed numerically slower expansion rates than genes encoding splicing regulators or involved in the DNA damage response (Supplementary Fig. 2 ), consistent with previous findings 46 , 47 , 48 . As a control, we also quantified the expansion of 271 nondeleterious somatic variants in CH-related genes identified at both time points in 223 individuals not carrying CH driver mutations. As expected, these neutral mutations generally did not show clear evidence of expansion within the timeframe of the study (median AER: 1.4% per year) (Fig. 3b ).

We monitored the expansion of 602 CH-related mutations through serial sequencing of blood samples from 494 individuals at baseline and ∼ 6 years after enrollment. Then, we investigated the association between subclinical atherosclerosis burden or related traits at baseline and the AER of the mutant hematopoietic clones. a , Summary of study design. b , The AER of mutations in any CH gene ( n  = 602) or specifically in DNMT3A ( n  = 381), TET2 ( n  = 80) or other genes ( n  = 141), compared with nondeleterious variants in CH-related genes ( n  = 271). Statistical significance was determined by two-sided Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests (** P  ≤ 0.01, **** P  ≤ 0.0001). c , The AER of CH-related mutations stratified by age quartiles ( n  = 602). d , AER of CH-related mutations stratified by sex ( n  = 602). e , The correlation between AER of CH-related mutations and baseline variant allele frequency (VAF). The P value for two-sided Pearson correlation is indicated. f – i , The AER of CH-related mutations in individuals with no detectable atherosclerosis and across tertiles of plaque burden, based on CACS ( f , n  = 600), global plaque volume ( g , n  = 578), carotid plaque volume ( h , n  = 597) or femoral plaque volume ( i , n  = 581) measured by 3DVUS. j , k , The AER of CH-related mutations stratified by conventional modifiable risk factors ( j , n  = 602 for all variables, except for obesity, n  = 601) and quartiles of hsCRP ( k , n  = 600). Statistical significance in c , d and f – k was determined by mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline VAF ( d ) or sex and baseline VAF ( c and f – k ). The boxes in b – d and f – k represent the 25th (Q1), 50th (median) and 75th (Q3) percentiles of the data. The whiskers represent Q1 − 1.5 × IQR at the minimum and Q3 + 1.5 × IQR at the maximum.

The AER of CH-related mutations was comparable across quartiles of age, consistent with previous findings (Fig. 3c ) 48 . In contrast, a trend to faster expansion was observed in men (Fig. 3d ) and among variants with lower baseline VAF (Fig. 3e ). Importantly, the expansion of CH variants was not affected by the presence or the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis at baseline, assessed through various noninvasive imaging modalities (Fig. 3f–i and Table 2 ). Similarly, the cumulative burden of atherosclerosis over the timeframe of this longitudinal analysis, estimated as the AUC of several vascular imaging parameters, had no significant effect on the dynamics of CH (Table 2 ). In sensitivity analyses, we obtained comparable results when defining mutant cell expansion with two alternative mathematical approaches used in other studies of CH dynamics, namely the logarithm of the ratio of VAFs at both time points 49 and the exponential growth rate 50 (Table 2 ). Similarly, neither high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, nor several conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking or obesity, were associated with significant changes in AER or other indicators of clonal expansion (Fig. 3j,k and Extended Data Table 5 ). Hypertension was associated with higher AER ( P  = 0.048; Fig. 3j ), but this relationship was not statistically significant when evaluating other indicators of CH dynamics or the effect of baseline or cumulative systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Extended Data Table 5 ).

CH has emerged in recent years as a potential shared driver of blood cancer and several nonhematological conditions, most notably atherosclerotic CVD 2 , 3 . However, the accumulating reports of positive associations between CH and a diverse range of conditions and outcomes 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 30 , 32 also lend support to the possibility that CH is simply a marker of a shared pathophysiological feature of these conditions, rather than a causal factor. The association between CH and atherosclerosis, in particular, has become a matter of active debate 27 , 29 , hindering the translation of research findings into new strategies for the prevention of CVD in CH mutation carriers. In this context, our longitudinal assessment of the interplay between CH, atherosclerosis and related traits provides important new insights into the relationship between CH and atherosclerosis.

Most importantly, our findings shed light on the directionality of the association between CH and atherosclerosis. Previous research in both humans and mice has suggested that certain CH mutations directly contribute to the development of atherosclerotic CVD 4 , 9 , 13 , 25 , 26 . In contrast, recent mathematical models based on human and mouse data have proposed that the association between CH and CVD may instead reflect reverse causality, whereby CH would simply be a direct consequence of increased HSC proliferation in individuals with atherosclerosis, resulting in accelerated kinetics of mutant cell expansion 27 , 29 . This reverse causality hypothesis is also applicable to the association between CH and other conditions, such as diabetes 4 , 23 , 41 , known to increase HSC proliferation 51 . The direction of these associations remains uncertain, partly due to the fact that most of them were identified through post hoc analyses of cross-sectional sequencing datasets 4 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 30 , 31 , 32 , which provide only a static ‘snapshot’ of CH at a given time and, therefore, very limited insight into the dynamics of this condition and its association with disorders that develop subclinically over the course of years. In this context, our analysis of longitudinal sequencing and imaging data provides novel insights into the relationship between CH and atherosclerosis, demonstrating that: (1) carrying CH mutations at a given time confers a greater risk of developing femoral atherosclerosis over subsequent years, and (2) the presence or extent of subclinical atherosclerosis has no significant effect on the expansion of mutant hematopoietic clones. These findings argue strongly against the possibility that the association between CH and atherosclerosis is due to reverse causality, thus providing an essential prior step for the development of clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy of personalized preventive care strategies tailored to the effects of specific CH mutations. Our findings, however, do not rule out that certain cardiometabolic conditions may accelerate CH dynamics to some extent. Indeed, we found that hypertensive individuals exhibit a non-statistically significant trend to faster expansion of mutant cells, an observation that demands further exploration given the emerging evidence suggesting an impact of hypertension on the bone marrow niche and hematopoiesis 52 , 53 , 54 . In addition, we cannot rule out the possibility that clinically overt CVD (for example, acute ischemic heart disease) modifies the dynamics of CH. Although this possibility would not affect the primary conclusions of our study, it deserves further investigation as it may help understand the regulation and effects of CH in high-risk CVD patients. Overall, further studies are warranted to dissect the factors that determine the dynamics of CH and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms.

Our study also provides a large high-sensitivity assessment of the prevalence of CH and the magnitude of its connection to atherosclerosis. Previous human genetic evidence linking CH to atherosclerotic CVD was mainly obtained by repurposing WES datasets 4 , 7 , 9 , 13 , 16 , 39 , which were not intended initially to investigate somatic variants and have limited sensitivity to detect CH due to their modest sequencing depth. A previous report suggested that the typical depth of WES analyses only provides robust ability to identify mutant clones with VAF >5%, (that is, carriers of >10% mutant blood cells, if carrying monoallelic mutations) 34 , which is consistent with our estimations based on downsampling of sequencing depth in our study population. Furthermore, slight differences in variant interpretation and filtering parameters can be a source of major variability when using WES data to detect CH, as illustrated by recent studies by independent groups, who reached substantially different conclusions about the prevalence of CH and the strength of its association with atherosclerotic CVD despite analyzing WES data from the same cohort 7 , 8 , 16 . Here, through high-sensitivity sequencing of almost 3,700 seemingly healthy individuals, we demonstrate that CH mutations are prevalent in middle-aged individuals, being detectable in ∼ 25% of healthy individuals between 40 and 55 years of age, and in ∼ 34% of those aged 50–55. Even when applying the commonly used 2% VAF threshold for CH detection, we found that 6% of the study population (age range 40–55 years old) and 9% of those aged 50–55 exhibit CH, indicating an approximately three times higher prevalence of CH in middle-aged individuals than previously reported 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 34 . Thus, our findings suggest that CH contributes to atherosclerosis development in a much greater proportion of the population than previously believed. Importantly, the vast majority of mutant clones in our study population were small, with 79% of the mutations exhibiting a VAF <2% and 96% of them exhibiting a VAF <10% at baseline. Yet, carrying clones in this size range was still pathophysiologically relevant, as it was associated with a higher risk of de novo femoral atherosclerosis development, particularly among individuals with clones expanded to VAF ≥2%. These findings contribute to clarify the threshold of VAF that defines pathophysiologically relevant CH, as large WES-based studies previously concluded that clones with VAF <10% had minimal impact on subclinical atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic CVD or CVD-related mortality 6 , 7 , 9 , 16 , 39 , in contrast to smaller studies using more sensitive targeted sequencing approaches 19 .

Our results also provide important insight into gene-specific effects of CH. While the effect of somatic TET2 mutations on atherosclerotic CVD is supported by several sequencing studies 9 , 13 , 16 , the effect of DNMT3A mutations has remained controversial, with previous WES-based studies reporting a minimal, almost null effect of these mutations on atherosclerotic CVD 7 , 13 , 16 . In this context, while additional studies are warranted, our gene-specific analysis reinforces the association between somatic DNMT3A mutations and atherosclerotic disease, consistent with experiments in mouse models 55 and recent targeted sequencing studies 56 , and in contrast to WES-based analyses 7 , 13 , 16 . As DNMT3A mutations are the most frequent mutations linked to CH, these findings underscore the potential clinical significance of this condition.

Several limitations must be considered when interpreting our findings. First, the study population consisted entirely of Caucasian individuals residing in Madrid, Spain, which may limit the generalizability of our results to other racial and ethnic groups. Second, our findings related to the effects of CH on de novo femoral atherosclerosis cannot be directly extrapolated to other vascular beds; in this context, future studies with other imaging modalities and in other age ranges are warranted. Third, CH in this middle-aged population was markedly dominated by DNMT3A mutations, which limits our statistical power to assess the effects of CH driven by mutations in other genes; thus, gene-specific analyses in this work should be considered exploratory. Finally, our study was focused on examining the effects of atherosclerosis on the expansion of existing mutant hematopoietic clones; therefore, we cannot draw any conclusions regarding the potential effects of atherosclerosis or related traits on de novo somatic mutagenesis. Testing this possibility, which to our knowledge has not been postulated so far, would require more sensitive sequencing techniques, such as duplex sequencing.

In summary, our study elucidates the directionality of the association between CH and atherosclerosis in humans. These results provide critical new insight into the effects and regulation of CH, which should help translate our growing knowledge of this condition into personalized strategies for managing the risk of atherosclerotic CVD and, potentially, that of other age-related disorders.

Study population

The study population included 3,692 participants in the PESA study ( NCT01410318 ) with available blood DNA samples, multimodal vascular imaging data at multiple time points and written informed consent for DNA sequencing analyses. PESA is an ongoing observational prospective cohort study that is examining several imaging, biological and behavioral parameters potentially related to the presence and progression of early subclinical atherosclerosis in 4,184 apparently healthy middle-aged individuals. PESA participants were between 40 and 55 years old at enrollment (between June 2010 and February 2014), and have undergone three study visits so far (baseline and ∼ 3- and ∼ 6-year follow-up). All study visits included a clinical interview, physical examination, collection of blood samples and assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis by noninvasive imaging techniques, among other measurements 33 . Exclusion criteria included known CVD, cancer or immunological disorders, morbid obesity, chronic kidney disease, the presence of any disease expected to decrease life expectancy, and any condition that could affect adherence to the study procedures. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CEI PI_52/2019), and all participants provided written informed consent.

Assessment of burden and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and related traits

Atherosclerosis burden in the study population was assessed by noninvasive vascular imaging tests, in accordance with standard protocols in PESA, including 3DVUS-based assessment of the femoral and carotid arteries and noncontrast CT to determine CACS 33 , 42 , 43 , 44 . Individual-level 3DVUS data were collected using VPQ software v13 (Philips Healthcare) and CM2020 software (Philips Research Analysis). Atherosclerosis by 3DVUS was analyzed separately in carotid and femoral arteries as well as in an integrated manner (that is, global atherosclerotic plaque volume). Presence of subclinical atherosclerosis at baseline was defined as CACS >0 or plaque volume by 3DVUS >0 mm 3 (categorical variables). The extent of subclinical atherosclerosis at baseline was estimated on the basis of CACS and plaque volumes, either as continuous variables or categorized as 0 and tertiles. Representative 3DVUS images across tertiles of atherosclerotic plaque volume can be found in Extended Data Fig. 4 . In longitudinal analyses, de novo atherosclerosis development was defined as transitioning from absence of detectable atherosclerosis by 3DVUS at baseline to detectable atherosclerosis with plaque volume >0 mm 3 at follow-up. Limited sensitivity and statistical power precluded an accurate examination of the effects of CH on the progression of prevalent atherosclerotic plaques. Modifiable risk factors and related traits were defined as continuous or categorical variables and evaluated on the basis of analyses of fasting blood samples and questionnaires. Diabetes was defined as exhibiting plasma fasting glucose ≥126 mg dl −1 or being treated with insulin or hypoglycemic medication. Hypertension was defined as exhibiting SBP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, or being treated with antihypertensive medication. Dyslipidemia was defined as exhibiting total cholesterol ≥240 mg dl −1 , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥160 mg dl −1 or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg dl −1 , or being treated with lipid-lowering drugs. Obesity was defined as exhibiting a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg m −2 . Low plasma HDL-C was defined as exhibiting plasma HDL-C <40 mg dl −1 in males or <50 mg dl −1 in females. Hematological analyses included counts of leukocytes and main leukocyte subsets (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils), red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width and platelet counts.

High-sensitivity targeted sequencing to identify CH-related somatic mutations

Sample preparation and high-sensitivity DNA sequencing, as well as somatic variant calling and annotation, were performed as previously described 35 , 36 . In brief, a custom gene panel was designed to identify somatic mutations in 54 well-established CH-related genes (Extended Data Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1 ), and unique dual indexes and unique molecular identifiers were used to detect polymerase chain reaction and sequencing errors and, therefore, to improve identification of small mutant clones. After confirming the quality of blood DNA, DNA libraries were generated (KAPA Hyper plus kit, Roche) and genes of interest were captured using xGen Hybridization Capture reagents (Integrated DNA Technologies). Then, DNA libraries were paired-end sequenced on a HiSeq 4000 or a NovaSeq 6000 sequencing system (Illumina). Raw sequencing reads were mapped to human genome build GRCh38, and somatic variants were identified by using Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) Mutect2. We removed common sequencing artifacts according to several Mutect2 filters (multiallelic somatic calls and variants with deficient mapping or base quality) as well as those flagged by the position filter. Germline mutations were excluded, and we only considered variants with ‘high’ or ‘moderate’ impact according to Variant Effect Predictor, reference read depth ≥300, alternative depth ≥4 and evidence of the variant on both forward and reverse strands (F1R2 and F2R1 ≥2). We also filtered out variants preceded or followed by homopolymer regions, indels with ≥3 consecutive repeated nucleotides within the insertion or deletion, and those SNVs located in a ≥5-nucleotide-long homopolymer, except if found at multiple sequencing time points in the same individual. Candidate CH driver mutations were then identified on the basis of prespecified inclusion criteria (Supplementary Table 1 ), the presence of ≥3 times in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC, https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic ) in hematopoietic samples from at least three different studies, in silico pathogenicity predictors and previous publications using a similar deep sequencing strategy. A specific approach was required to identify mutations in U2AF1 57 because of an erroneous duplication in the region of this gene in the GRCh38reference genome 58 .

We set a minimum VAF threshold of 0.2% to identify CH mutations, as our sequencing depth allowed us to detect CH variants at this VAF with a sensitivity greater than 90% (Extended Data Fig. 1b ). In brief, we used a binomial distribution to estimate the sensitivity for the detection of somatic variants with a certain VAF at different sequencing depths, requiring a minimum alternative allele count of four reads. CH-related variants over the 0.2% VAF threshold were significantly associated with age (Supplementary Table 8 ), an essential feature of true CH variants 8 .

Assessment of expansion rates of mutant hematopoietic clones

Blood samples collected ∼ 6 years after enrollment from 718 CH mutation carriers were sequenced as described above. Among the 931 CH-related variants with VAF ≥0.2% identified in these individuals at baseline, 261 variants were not detected at follow-up. These variants were excluded from further analysis, as we were unable to ascertain if the apparent disappearance of these mutant clones is due to biological or technical reasons. We also excluded 68 additional variants for which sequencing depths differed substantially between both time points (ratio of baseline depth to follow-up depth exceeding the 90% percentile of the distribution). After applying this filtering strategy, 602 CH-related mutations in 494 individuals were detected at both time points supported by reads in both the forward and reverse strand (Supplementary Table 7 ). The AER of each of these mutations was calculated as the relative change in VAF over the follow-up period in years \((\Delta {{\mathrm{VAF}}} / {{\mathrm{VA}}}{{{{\mathrm{F}}}}}_{{\rm{baseline}}})/{{\mathrm{time}}}\times 100\) . As a sensitivity analysis, we also calculated two additional indicators of the expansion rate of mutant hematopoietic clones based on previous literature: the logarithmic ratio of VAFs, that is log(VAF/VAF baseline )/time × 100 (ref. 49 ), and the exponential growth rate, that is, VAF = VAF baseline  × (clonal growth + 1) time ; clonal growth = ((VAF/VAF baseline ) (1/(time) ) − 1) × 100 (ref. 50 ). Time refers to the follow-up period measured in years. These three metrics showed a perfect positive correlation with each other, with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients equal to 1.00 (Supplementary Fig. 3 ).

As a control, blood samples from 223 individuals not carrying CH-related mutations at baseline were also sequenced ∼ 6 years after enrollment to estimate the expansion of nondeleterious somatic variants in CH-related genes, as a surrogate of the expansion related to stochastic neutral drift. We considered nondeleterious somatic variants those with impact ‘low’ (unlikely to change protein behavior, for example, synonymous variants) or ‘modifier‘ (typically noncoding variants). Likely germline variants and common sequencing artifacts were filtered out, and only variants supported by reads on both the forward and reverse strands at both time points were included in the analysis, consistent with our approach to investigate the expansion of CH driver variants.

Statistical analysis

All statistical analyses were performed using RStudio (v2022.07.2 + 576) with R version 4.2.2, considering a statistical significance level of 0.05. Adjustments for multiple hypothesis testing were not performed unless otherwise indicated. Variables were expressed as frequency (%), mean and standard deviation, or median and interquartile range (IQR), as appropriate. CH was investigated as a composite of mutations in any CH-related gene, unless otherwise stated. Specific analyses evaluated the effects of mutations in DNMT3A , TET2 and other genes separately. Differences in baseline characteristics between CH mutation carriers and individuals with no detectable CH mutation were evaluated through independent two-tailed t -tests for continuous variables exhibiting a normal distribution, Wilcoxon rank tests for continuous variables with a nonnormal distribution and χ 2 tests for categorical variables. Associations between CH and traits of interest were evaluated using univariate or multivariate linear or logistic regression models, adjusted for age and sex or age, sex, LDL-C, SBP, BMI, fasting glucose levels, lipid-lowering treatment and smoking, as specified in figure legends. Some specific analyses were adjusted for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors defined as categorical variables, as indicated in figure legends. Analyses of the association between CH and de novo development of atherosclerosis were adjusted by the AUCs of LDL-C, SBP, BMI and fasting glucose to consider the cumulative exposure to this cardiovascular risk factors during follow-up. These analyses were also adjusted for the AUC of CACS and global plaque volume to account for the possibility that the possible cumulative effects of systemic atherosclerosis on CH 27 confound its relationship with de novo atherosclerosis development in specific regions. In multivariate analyses, only individuals with information for all the covariates included in the model were considered. In analyses concerning specific types of CH (for example, driven by mutations in a given gene or over a certain VAF), individuals not carrying detectable CH mutations were used as the reference category. In individuals carrying more than one CH mutation, all mutations were considered separately in gene-specific analyses, unless otherwise stated. In longitudinal analyses of CH dynamics, differences in the AER of gene-specific mutations compared with the expansion of nondeleterious variants were evaluated using two-tailed Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests. The association between variables of interest and mutant clone expansion was evaluated through mixed-effects models (R package lme4 v1.1.34). Based on an estimation of statistical power (using the G*power software v3.1.9.7 and the R package pwrss v0.3.1), we had >80% power to detect as statistically significant ( α  = 0.05) any effect of the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis leading to an absolute increase in AER greater than 3.2%, an effect size substantially smaller than that expected to result from the increased HSC proliferation reported in human individuals with atherosclerosis 27 . To prevent potential biases, the analysis of imaging data, the sequencing of DNA samples, the bioinformatic processing of sequencing data, the curation of somatic variants to identify CH driver mutations and the statistical analysis of associations were conducted independently by different investigators who were blinded to other data.

Reporting summary

Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article.

Data availability

CH-related mutations identified through high-sensitivity genomic DNA sequencing are listed in Supplementary Table 2 . Other data from PESA participants are not publicly available for privacy and legal reasons. Access to these data can be requested to the PESA Scientific Committee via the corresponding authors or by e-mailing [email protected]. Data access will require a research proposal and approval by the PESA Scientific Committee, which meets every other month to evaluate such requests. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement and a nondisclosure agreement. Human genome build GRCh38 ( GCF_000001405.40 ) is available at https://gatk.broadinstitute.org/hc/en-us/articles/360035890811-Resource-bundle . The present article includes all other data generated or analyzed during this study.

Code availability

The code is publicly available and can be found via GitHub at https://github.com/Unidad-Bioinformatica-CNIC/CHIP-candidate_mutations . The source code from the R-packages used in this study are freely available online ( https://cran.r-project.org/ ).

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Acknowledgements

The PESA study is funded by the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, and Banco Santander, Madrid, Spain. The project leading to these results received funding from ‘la Caixa’ Foundation under the project codes LCF/PR/HR17/52150007 and LCF/PR/HR22/52420011. This research work was also supported by grant PLEC2021-008194, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR’; grant PID2021-126580OB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU; and grant 202314-31, funded by Fundació ‘La Marató TV3’. M.D.D. is supported by grant PRE2019-087463, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033’ and ‘ESF Investing in your future’. B.L.R.-N. is supported by grant PRE2019-087829, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033’ and ‘ESF Investing in your future’. B.Ib. is supported by the European Commission (grant nos. ERC-CoG 819775 and H2020-HEALTH 945118), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2022-140176OB-I00) and the Red Madrileña de Nanomedicina en Imagen Molecular-Comunidad de Madrid (P2022/BMD-7403 RENIM-CM). B.Iz. is supported by the program Atracción de Talento of the Comunidad de Madrid (GN:2022-T1/BMD-23767). J.J.F. is supported by grant RYC-2016-20026, funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033’ and ‘ESF Investing in your future’. The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). We thank J. Sanchez-González for his contribution to imaging analyses in PESA.

Author information

These authors contributed equally: Miriam Díez-Díez, Beatriz L. Ramos-Neble.

Authors and Affiliations

Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain

Miriam Díez-Díez, Beatriz L. Ramos-Neble, Jorge de la Barrera, J. C. Silla-Castro, Ana Quintas, Enrique Vázquez, M. Ascensión Rey-Martín, Benedetta Izzi, Lucía Sánchez-García, Inés García-Lunar, Guiomar Mendieta, Virginia Mass, Nuria Gómez-López, Cristina Espadas, Gema González, Antonio J. Quesada, Ana García-Álvarez, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Enrique Lara-Pezzi, Ana Dopazo, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Borja Ibáñez, Vicente Andrés, Valentín Fuster & José J. Fuster

CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain

Inés García-Lunar, Ana García-Álvarez, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Enrique Lara-Pezzi, Ana Dopazo, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Borja Ibáñez, Vicente Andrés & José J. Fuster

Cardiology Department, University Hospital La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain

Inés García-Lunar

Servicio de Cardiología, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Guiomar Mendieta & Ana García-Álvarez

Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain

Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Ana García-Álvarez

Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain

Antonio Fernández-Ortiz

Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

Borja Ibáñez

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

Valentín Fuster

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Contributions

M.D.-D. and B.L.R.-N. analyzed somatic variant data, conducted association studies and contributed to writing the paper. A.Q., E.V., M.A.R-M., N.G-L., C.E. and A.D. conducted DNA sequencing analyses. J.B., J.C.S-C. and L.S-G. performed bioinformatics analyses of sequencing data. F.S.-C. supervised all bioinformatics and statistical analyses. B.Iz. provided methodological input. G.G. and A.J.Q. contributed to biological sample processing and revision. I.G.-L., G.M., V.M., A.G.-A., A.F.-O., E.L.-P., B.Ib., V.A. and V.F. contributed to the phenotyping of the PESA cohort and provided methodological input. V.F. is the principal investigator of the PESA study. J.J.F. conceived this study and its design, supervised all analyses and wrote the paper. All authors provided critical revision of the paper.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Valentín Fuster or José J. Fuster .

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Extended data

Extended data fig. 1 basic features of clonal hematopoiesis (ch)-related mutations and subclinical atherosclerosis burden in the study population..

We performed deep sequencing to identify somatic mutations in a custom panel of 54 CH-related genes in 3,692 middle-aged individuals from the PESA cohort. a , CH-related genes included in the custom panel. Genes for which a CH mutation was found in at least one individual are underlined and in bold font. Genes typically considered as drivers of myeloid CH (frequently known as CHIP, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential) or lymphoid-CH are shown separately. b , Assay sensitivity for the detection of CH-related variants at different variant allele fractions (VAF). Dashed lines show the median sequencing depth of our study (3,712x; vertical line), and the sensitivity to detect CH variants at the minimum VAF threshold (0.2%) used to define CH (horizontal lines). c , Graphical representation of the CH-related genes found mutated in the study population; font size is proportional to the frequency of mutations. d , Proportions of different type of mutations in CH-related genes according to their functional consequence. e , Proportions of different types of single nucleotide substitutions. f , Distribution of mutant clone size, assessed as VAF, in DNMT3A (n = 657), TET2 (n = 153) and other sequenced genes (n = 362). The dashed line shows the 2% VAF threshold typically used to identify CHIP. Boxes represent the 25th (Q1), 50th (median) and 75th (Q3) percentiles of the data. Whiskers represent Q1 - 1.5*IQR at the minimum and Q3 + 1.5*IQR at the maximum. g , Proportion of CH-related variants identified after downsampling of sequencing depth to 30x, 100x, 400x and 1,000x. “base” indicates the median sequencing depth for these variants using our original sequencing approach (3,625x); n = 168 CH variants, 28 for each VAF range. h , Number of CH-related variants identified after downsampling to specific sequencing depths.

Extended Data Fig. 2 Subclinical atherosclerosis burden at baseline stratified by CH status.

We performed deep targeted sequencing to identify somatic mutations in a custom panel of 54 CH-related genes in 3,692 middle-aged individuals from the PESA cohort. CACS and 3DVUS imaging were used to determine subclinical atherosclerosis burden, assessed cross-sectionally at baseline. Graphs show the proportion of individuals with no detectable atherosclerosis and across tertiles of plaque burden, based on CAC score ( a , n = 3,687), global plaque volume by 3DVUS ( b , n = 3,543), carotid plaque volume by 3DVUS ( c , n = 3,659) or femoral plaque volume by 3DVUS ( d , n = 3,569). Statistical significance for differences in subclinical atherosclerosis burden, defined as 0 or tertiles, was evaluated using an ordinal logistic regression model.

Extended Data Fig. 3 Effects of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) on de novo atherosclerosis development in femoral arteries.

We investigated the association between CH at baseline and de novo development of femoral atherosclerosis ∼ 3-years after enrollment among individuals who initially lacked detectable atherosclerosis in that region, assessed by 3-dimensional-vascular ultrasound (3DVUS) imaging. a , Association between CH with VAF ≥ 2% and de novo atherosclerosis development in femoral arteries, based on multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, conventional modifiable risk factors as categorical variables and the cumulative systemic burden of atherosclerosis across the timeframe of the study (AUC for CACS, assessed by CT imaging, and global atherosclerotic plaque volumes, assessed by 3DVUS imaging) (n = 1,932). b , Association between CH and de novo atherosclerosis development in femoral arteries, based on multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, absolute counts of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets, and the cumulative systemic burden of atherosclerosis across the timeframe of the study (n = 2,353). c , Association between myeloid CH or CHIP with VAF ≥ 2% and de novo atherosclerosis development in femoral arteries, based on multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, conventional modifiable risk factors and the cumulative systemic burden of atherosclerosis across the timeframe of the study (n = 1,965). d , Association between CHIP and de novo atherosclerosis development in femoral arteries, based on multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, absolute counts of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets, and the cumulative systemic burden of atherosclerosis across the timeframe of the study (n = 2,353). Bars in each panel indicate 95% confidence intervals centered in the mean value (square).

Extended Data Fig. 4 Representative 3DVUS images from subclinical atherosclerosis burden in femoral arteries across tertiles of atherosclerotic plaque volume.

Multiplanar views (upper rows, scale bar: 2 mm) and 3D reconstruction (lower rows) from the right and left femoral arteries. Images are representative of the upper limits of each tertile of atherosclerotic plaque volume. 3DVUS, 3-dimensional vascular ultrasound.

Supplementary information

Supplementary information.

Supplementary Tables 1, 3–6 and 8, legends for Supplementary Tables 2 and 7 (uploaded in an independent spreadsheet file) and Supplementary Figs. 1–3.

Reporting Summary

41591_2024_3213_moesm3_esm.xlsx.

Supplementary Table 2. CH-related mutations identified in the study population. We performed deep targeted sequencing to identify somatic mutations in a custom panel of 54 CH-related genes in 3,692 individuals from the PESA cohort. A total of 1,172 CH-related somatic variants were identified in 900 participants in PESA at baseline. Ref., reference; Alt., alternate; SNV, single nucleotide variant. Supplementary Table 7. CH-related mutations identified longitudinally in the study population. Using deep targeted sequencing, we found 602 CH variants in 494 individuals from the PESA cohort both at baseline and at the 6-year follow-up. Ref., reference; Alt., alternate; SNV, single nucleotide variant.

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Díez-Díez, M., Ramos-Neble, B.L., de la Barrera, J. et al. Unidirectional association of clonal hematopoiesis with atherosclerosis development. Nat Med (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03213-1

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03213-1

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