education system in india merits and demerits

The Indian Education System : Features, Pros, Cons and Way forward

Why is India still one of the developing countries and what is stopping it from being a developed one? This particular question strikes me every time when I read something about India’s education system. I see India’s education system as an obstacle towards its objectives of achieving inclusive growth.

The Indian Education system: Overview

Our country India has always been famous for gaining education since the Vedic period. In ancient times, India had the Guru Kula system of education in which anyone who wished to study went to a teacher’s (Guru) house and requested to be taught. If accepted as a student, the guru allows the student to stay at his place and help in all activities at home. This not only created a strong tie between the teacher and the student but also taught the student everything about running a house. The guru teaches the student everything that he wants to learn, from Sanskrit to the Holy Scriptures and from Mathematics to Metaphysics. The student stayed as long as he wished or until the guru felt that he had taught everything he could teach. All of the learning was closely linked to nature and to life, and not just confined to memorizing some information.

Until the 17th century, India was considered one of the richest country in the world. However, due to the arrival of the foreign colonizers and the wrong policies of the then rulers, India lost almost all its richness wealth wise as well as knowledge-wise. Originally, Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay brought the modern school system to India, including the English language, in the 1830s. The educational program was restricted to the so-called modern subjects such as science and mathematics, and subjects like metaphysics and philosophy were considered unnecessary. The teaching was confined only to classrooms and the link with nature and the close relationship between the teacher and the student was broken.

The modern education system has been supported by one formula: ‘cheap, required and customary education to all’. Even people are able to decide by their conscience that what means of education are going to be best suited to them. Still, many people are ignoramus regarding words and literacy. Therefore, they are within the necessity to urge a correct education. It is required to supply education to all, as other nations are so much ahead within the field of education. It is all in the hand of the government that what ought to be the exact type of system in which education for all is secured. Moreover, even the government has taken nice measures to extend the level of education.

The main features of the modern education system in India are as follows:

A system of obligatory education to all or any children up to the year of fourteen. Under this age, all children must be given education in any government or private school.
If any child is forced to do any other job excluding from being educated the person concerned in such activities will be treated as per law.
After gaining primary education, a child can be given secondary education .
For providing this level of education each, the central and state governments are involved through their boards, which are created for this purpose.
There are also private boards who conduct a high school or intermediate exams.
After their 10+2 (secondary schooling), a person can pursue bachelor, master and an alternative specialization degree in several fields of their selection.

The above points appear to be simple but there are any flaws in this system as well.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Indian Education system

Advantages of Indian education

With the advancement of education, India has seen an excellent development within the field of economy. People are less unemployed and some of them are even freelancing or rather self-employed. One of the best positive things is that child labor has gone down to an excellent extent. There are also reservation systems available for the socially underprivileged people. The present statistics is 7.5% of the scheduled tribes, 15% for the scheduled castes and 27% of the other backward class, but the exact percentages vary from state to state. In Haryana, the reservation is 18% for SCs and 1% for OBCs and 0% for STs, based on local demographics. In Tamil Nadu, the reservation is 18% for SCs and 1% for STs, based on local demographics.

Presently there are chiefly two boards with the exception of the state boards conveying education until higher secondary, that is, ICSE and CBSE. In addition to this, there are also Open Universities providing study at home facility. If you crosscheck the technical fields, there are several institutions providing higher education. Additionally, you will find some institution providing the facility of e-Tutorial.

Disadvantages of Indian education

The major downside of the prevailing system of education is that it is not easily affordable. Nowadays in India, more than 37% of people are living below the poverty level. Therefore, they cannot afford education even at the primary level.

Another reason for the poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools. The level of education that government schools are not as expected and they do not possess an honest image among people. The ensuing possibility is the private institutions, which provides degrees from private to postgraduate. However, they are very costly an also the admission procedure is too complicated for common person to access.

The best part of Indian Education system was and is in its ‘Rote Learning’- Kanthastha, as it was in ancient India. This stimulates the mind, body, soul. Improves concentration and bursts the stress. Invokes inner sense. In the CBSE system, with continuous analysis and understanding of theory concept, the student is bound to do well in life. However, the annual system can be a boon for slow and average learners. The understanding of various subjects and equal weight to all is another excellent way to give horizontal knowledge. There is a combination of logic and ability, thereby, giving equal importance to the left and right brains. It is such a holistic educational system.

Moreover, there are several political heads, which form a great gap between the Indian government and the common people. A number of them take money from the government, however, do not utilize for the great of the common people. In addition, one will find several socially forward individuals taking the benefits of the reservation system. The problem lies within the massive percentage of illiteracy and population. These two things need to be focused much on creating any development.

Steps to improve the current system:

Following steps should be taken to enhance and boost the current education system and convey it in everyone’s reach:

The government ought to take steps to extend the number of primary schools in order that people of each village can get education easily.
There ought to be more emphasis given on adult education as it is necessary to teach the parents and guardians first in order that they become keen towards there ward’s education.
The role of the private institutions ought to be made restricted and so that people do not depend too much on them. In this way, they will not be taking a high amount of fees as they want.
The condition of the government colleges and institution ought to be raised to a reasonable level.
New syllabus ought to replace the old ones so as to provide the latest knowledge to students.
Education loans ought to be made available easily so that even poor students can afford a high level of education.
There ought to be strict laws relating to the cheating and coaching mafias.
In addition, the system of education ought to be created free of corruption.
Everyone ought to be given equal opportunity without discriminating on the premise of rich and poor or on the premise of gender.
Especially girl’s education ought to be given topmost priority.

Conclusion:

The conclusion that we are able to draw is that even within the modern time, India can be given back it is standing of a wealthy knowledge full land, choked with ethics and moral beauty. In short, India is a progressing country and the present scenario of Indian education can be improved a lot. The sole step to be taken is to boost ourselves and there is a necessity of strict laws to appreciate the good ones and to penalize the wrong ones regardless of what the field is. The solution lies in the question. How to improve the system of education? And the answer is “Education”. The sole way to improve education is education.

by Pragyan

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What are The Merits and Demerits of Education System in India – English Essay For Students

April 14, 2017 entranciology Full Essays and Articles For All Competitive Exams 0

Shri Rabindranath Tagore, our Gurudev, held that the aim of the true education is the harmonious development of our body, mind and soul, altogether. As such, an education, to be called the real education, must bring about the development of all the faculties of a person.

List of Some of Merits of the Present System of Education

Our present system of education has enabled the Indian people to assimilate the latest technology that is available all over the world, and make the best use of it. Some merits of the present system of education are as:

It provides help in the development of our minds.
It expands our knowledge of various subjects and technologies.
It broadens our viewpoints by giving us general and specialized knowledge.
It helps us to learn the rules of decency and politeness.
It helps us to know about our culture and ethics.
It makes the persons how to behave better than their illiterate counterparts.

List of Some Demerits of the Present Education System of Education

However, despite all merits of current system of education, the demerits and shortcomings of the modern system of education are many. Some of them are as:

Character Building Neglected

It has made no provision for the building or development of students’ character. Consequently, when the time comes, they fail miserably to exhibit the strength of character. Such highly educated but morally weak students have caused so much trouble and pain in the society.

Snail Like Progress (Very Slow Progress)

Data show that in the last 65 years only half of the population of India could be literate. Compulsory primary education was to be provided after 10 years of enforcement of constitution. But it has not been done so.

Lack of Uniformity

Schooling pattern is not uniform all over India. Various educational policies have been implemented but net result is not up to the mark.

Defective and Old System

We have been producing only clerks in the system as done by British policy of education.

Physical Development Neglected

It has totally overlooked the physical development of the person by paying too much attention to the intellectual development only. Our educational system is sensational and logical program.

Precarious Position of The Child

The child is not understood at home; there are no empathisers. He is scolded for poor marks with the remarks that he pays little attention to his studies. The teacher is harsh on him every day. It causes frustration in him. So, the child longs for love and soothing company Drugs, tobacco and liquor give him the ‘solace’ and an escape from his problems.

The overburdened child is under constant stress. He reports, quite often, that he has headache or fatigue.

Leading to Unemployment

The present system of theoretical educational system leaves a student without any skill after he has finished his college education. He becomes another unemployed graduate in the employment market. In such a case there are only two choices left to the student.

First, to spend some more years trying to acquire some professional skill.

Second, to wait for some lucky chance which will give him a job, the chance which rarely comes.

Suggestions

Some suggestions for improvement in the system of education are as under:

Making Less Expensive

The educational institutions, especially the private schools, must stop charging exorbitant fees from the students. They should allow the poor students to be admitted in their schools so that talent could be identified from all the strata of the society.

Avoiding Long Holidays

There should not be long holiday stints like the autumn break. Generally the students waste their holidays.

Reform in Syllabus

The syllabus must be upgraded but not made too complicated. If need be, the length of the courses should be reduced and chapters related to environment, sciences, ecology, civic life, mathematics and general knowledge should be added.

Government should come out with new education policy by making the education system in uniform system.

Medium of instruction should be in the mother tongue upto class V.

Moral Education

Moral education and co-education should be the norm.

Teaching Staff

The teachers should be retrained and re-taught to teach. Only good teachers should be selected not only on the basis of knowledge but also on the basis of aptitude and interest in teaching.

Examination System

Examination system should be made tight at all levels.

To conclude, the need of the hour today is student friendly and employment oriented system of education.

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New Education Policy: Advantages & Disadvantages

Recently many changes have been introduced in the academic system of India starting from the school to college level. New National Education Policy has been approved by the Union Cabinet reflecting all the changes. This newly approved plan talks about major transformational reforms in the Indian academic sector which are appreciated by many. Along with appreciation, there is also criticism which focuses on the drawbacks of this new education policy.

Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020

Advantages:

1. The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020.

2. Approximately two crore school students will be able to come back to educational institutes through this new approach.

3. According to the national education policy 2020, the 5+3+3+4 structure will replace the existing 10+2 structure. This structure is focused on student’s formative years of learning. This 5+3+3+4 structure corresponds to ages from 3 to 8, 8 to 11, 11 to 14 and 14 to 18. 12 years of schooling, 3 years if Anganwadi and pre-schooling are included in this structure.

4. For children up to the age of 8, a National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education will be designed and developed by NCERT.

5. According to the national education policy 2020, the Education Ministry is to set up a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy. The responsibility for successful implementation for achieving the foundation of numeracy and literacy for all students till class three falls upon the states of India. This implementation is scheduled to be done by 2025.

6. One of the merits of NEP 2020 is the formation of the National Book promotion Policy in India.

7. Appropriate authorities will conduct the school examinations for grades 3, 5 and 8. The board exams for grades 10 and 12 will continue but the NEP 2020 aims to re-design the structure with holistic development.

8. Parakh national education policy is to be set up by the Government.

9. Special daytime boarding school “Bal Bhavans” to be established in every state/ district in India. This boarding school will be used for participation in activities related to play, career, art.

10. According to the national education policy 2020, an Academic Bank of Credit will be established. The credits earned by the students can be stored and when the final degree gets completed, those can be counted.

11. According to the national education policy 2020, Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities at par with the IITs and IIMs will be set up in the country. These are scheduled to be set up for introducing multidisciplinary academic.

12. The same list of accreditation and regulation rules will be used for guiding both the public and private academic bodies.

13. Phased out college affiliation and autonomy will be granted to colleges.

14. By the year 2030, it will be mandatory to have at least a four year B. Ed degree for joining the occupation of teaching.

15. For making the students prepared for future pandemic situations, online academic will be promoted on a larger scale.

Drawbacks :

1. In the National Education Policy 2020, language is a negative factor as there is a problematic teacher to student ratio in India, thus introducing mother languages for each subject in academic institutes is a problem. Sometimes, finding a competent teacher becomes a problem and now another challenge comes with the introduction of the NEP 2020, which is bringing study material in mother languages.

2. According to the national education policy 2020, students willing to complete their graduation have to study for four years while one can easily complete his/ her diploma degree in two years. This might encourage the pupil to leave the course midway.

3. According to the national education policy 2020, students of the private schools will be introduced to English at a much earlier age than the students of the Government schools. The academic syllabus will be taught in the respective regional languages of the Government school students. This is one of the major new education policy drawbacks as this will increase the number of students uncomfortable in communicating in English thus widening the gap between sections of the societies.

Implementation:

The new education policy in 2020 came after 30 years and is all set to change the existing academic system of India with the purpose of making it at par with the international standard of academic. The Government of India aims to set up the NEP by the year 2040. Till the targeted year, the key point of the plan is to be implemented one by one. The proposed reform by NEP 2020 will come into effect by the collaboration of the Central and the State Government. Subject wise committees will be set up the GOI with both central and state-level ministries for discussing the implementation strategy.

Conclusion: With the introduction of NEP 2020, many changes have been made and one of those is the discontinuation of the M. Phil course. Even though there are many drawbacks to the new education policy, the merits are more in number. It is believed by many that by implementing these changes, the Indian academic system will be taken a step higher.

education system in india merits and demerits

excellent information. i want to know the highlights of nep and i got through this article. thank you so much.

the reader like me hopes for a genuine conclusion in these blogs...just a neutral information makes the mediocre readers like us in bay....!!!

what about govt school, it will closedown after nep implementation education is expensive how will poor students gets educated

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4 Advantages of Modern Education System in India

What are the advantages of the modern education system in India? How is it different from ancient or even medieval Indian education? Is there any disadvantage to the modern education system?

The Indian education system has changed so much over the millennia. In fact, the modern education system would’ve been imperceivable to our ancestors who lived just 100 years ago. The aim of education and the methods of learning have changed drastically, thanks to technology and innovation.

FAQs About Modern Education System in India

How has the indian education system changed, what are the most popular types of schools under the modern education system, how many schools does india have, are there advantages to the modern indian education system, are there disadvantages to the modern indian education system.

The advantages of modern education system in India can be better highlighted by comparing it with the more traditional education systems. You may notice that many of these advantages are actually improvements upon aspects of traditional learning systems.

Advantage #1: Available to More Aspiring Students

Unlike ancient and medieval education, the modern education system is more widely available to people from all walks of life. Nowadays, the objective of schools is to prepare their students for the real world and to meet the demands of the working sectors.

In the past, students stayed at schools with their teachers for years until they completed their education. Though education was accessible to women, their education was more limited than that offered to men. It was more common for women to be taught at home rather than attend schools to study under masters and gurus.

Now, technology has made it possible for teachers and trainers to conduct virtual classes and seminars. Students can complete their education without ever being in the same room as their instructors for the whole duration of their studies. Women are now given equal learning opportunities too. Government schools provide the poor and underprivileged access to education.

Advantage #2: Covers a Vast Area of Subjects

In ancient India, students focused on the enrichment of character and ethics. The ancient education system also emphasized subjects like philosophy, warfare, politics, literature, religion, and grammar. Physical and mental development was of utmost importance.

In medieval India, we saw a drastic and abrupt change to the education system, brought about by medieval rulers who sought to propagate the Islam religion. More practical subjects were brought into school curriculums, and the rulers introduced their own culture.

Modern schooling in India covers a vast area of subjects for students of all levels. Schools tend to focus more on secular subjects like science and technology. Aside from skill-based and theoretical subjects, Indian culture is often part of modern curriculums. Syllabuses may change from time to time to reflect the demands of the working sector.

Students can choose from a wide array of fields and subjects to study. As these subjects are introduced early on in their schooling, students often already know their academic strengths and interests even before they start high school. This gives students enough time and preparation for their higher education and future career choices.

There is an overwhelming wealth and abundance of knowledge in the digital age. The internet is this vast repository of trillions of gigabytes of information that can supplement most kinds of educational undertakings. And almost everything you’d want to know and learn is just a click and a tap away.

Advantage #3: Flexible and Convenient

Did you know? As of 2016, there are more than 1.5 million educational institutions in India . And with over 250 million students, it’s the largest education system in the world.

More than 1.2 million schools or more than 80% of all these educational institutions are primary schools and the majority of the rest are secondary schools. There is also around 4,380 central, state, deemed, and private universities. As of March 2021, 37 top universities can offer online degrees in India .

Many primary and secondary schools also now offer online and supplemental classes. This flexibility allows students to learn at their own pace. There are classes without any fixed schedules. Students are expected to manage their time more efficiently, and show up to synchronous scheduled classes if need be.

While there are challenges to be met within the Indian education system, education is becoming more widely available to millions of students in the country. During the British colonization era, literacy was a privilege offered only to the highest in the caste and only around 3.25% of the population knew how to read. By 2021, the literacy rate is at 77.7%, even suffering a knockback from 2020s 79.5%.

Advantage #4: Tech-Based Learning and School Administration

Technology is such a big driver of change in the educational sector, and online classes are just one part of it. Schools can now leverage automation technology to help with school administration. School administration software systems like GoSchooler can help schools and universities adapt to the challenges of modern education.

For example, digitalized school systems can help with admissions, payroll, staff training, employee attendance, class management, HR, and even timetabling. They can even help with school bus management, exam management, school notification systems, and many others. School administrators can manage schools, employees, and students with the help of technology and automation.

The education technology industry is a multi-billion dollar industry, and it’s expected to grow more than three-fold within the next seven years. According to the IAMAI-Kantar ICUBE 2020 report, Indian internet users would grow well over 900 million. This just means that more of the Indian population can have access to online education.

3 Disadvantages of Modern Education System in India

The modern education system isn’t perfect, and it’s normal for such a huge system to have a few disadvantages too.

Disadvantage #1: Fewer Instructor-Understudy Interaction

Fostering positive relationships with students helps earn their trust. This trust is a factor that affects a child’s ability to concentrate on their studies and learn their lessons more effectively. A student who trusts their teacher would be willing to engage more in class, be it virtual or face-to-face. Positive relationships are important for young children because they base their other relationships on the most prominent ones that they have.

Compared to past education systems, there are more understudies to an instructor in the modern system. This makes it difficult for educators to get just the right balance of professional and personal relationships with every single student. The student-teacher relationship is still considered important by many, but the emergence of online schools allows more students to engage in self-study.

Disadvantage #2: Can Be Too Technology-Based

We’ve seen it happen. When the COVID-19 lockdowns began, schools chose to switch to fully online classes to help contain the spread of the coronavirus. But what happened to those who didn’t have access to smart devices and stable internet connections? They were left out and their achievement rates suffered.

The modern education system in India can sometimes be too technology-based. Though India has some 560 million internet users and is considered the second-largest market in the world, this number still leaves more than 50% of Indians without internet connections.

Many factors contribute to a learner’s success in technology-based education. Internet connection isn’t the only problem. Other factors include the type of device, geographical location, school performance, and even learning intensity.

If schools are to switch to fully online classes and administration, teaching and non-teaching staff must be trained and equipped to handle the changes in their job responsibilities. Teachers must learn how to adapt to technology-based teaching and develop their digital skills.

Disadvantage #3: Too Much Focus On Standardized Tests

Another disadvantage of the modern Indian education system is its fixation with tests and theoretical knowledge. Students concentrate more on memorization without ever learning how to apply theories and information in real-life scenarios. Students are going to need to exert more effort if they wish to retain the required knowledge long enough for professional application.

The aim of education changes with the era, and the advantages of modern education system in India exist because of the changing times. There were merits to ancient and traditional education systems, but there were drawbacks that wouldn’t stand today too. The point is, though the modern Indian education system does have certain disadvantages, it’s only just a reflection of what the country needs and expects from the workers of the future.

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Education System In India-Pros And Cons

There has been a lot of chatter about the education system in india, well as a part of this system we need to know about the pros and cons..

The System-Now and Then

The education system in India is quite a debatable topic at this point in time, While some say it’s good, others don’t. We need Education that not only makes us eligible for a job but prepares us for the struggles of life. The role of Education is something that can’t be ignored in building the personality, Career, and mental growth of humans. It helps in building a true, progressive character of a person which later on defines our success and failure.

The Education system in India has changed a lot from the ancient times when we were taught about the Vedas and only the elite classes of society reserved the right to education. It took a different turn after the arrival of the British as they opened the centers for higher education which we call Colleges and Universities today. Today, after 73 years of freedom, when we are the most modern as we possibly can, it has a diverse and different infrastructure, administration, teaching methodology, and values.

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Indian Method of Schooling: India is recognized for its instructive greatness. Indian Schooling has achieved worldwide acknowledgment with its recognized decent variety of character. Diverse educational plan bodies administer the institute instruction scheme in India. There are private and public schools both but 95% of the primary schools are government board partners.

Advanced Education:

There are roughly 152 local universities, 316 national colleges, and 191 autonomous universities in India. The other institutions include 33,623 colleges, 1,800 selected girl’s schools, and 12,748 Degree Programs organizations. The officials responsible for the extraordinarily professional programs are India’s TEC(Telecommunication Engineering Center) length-Education Committee as well as the Indian teacher training Board, the Indian Medical Board, the surgeons of India, the Indian state bar, the Regional homeopathic medicine committee, the Pharmacy Committee of India, the Indian Civil Society committee and the Indian Dentistry Council.

Open and Distance learning:

At the education level, the State Centre of Free Schooling provides opportunities to educate those who have struggled to complete school. Only at the supplementary and upper auxiliary stage, 14 lacks of students are chosen by transparent and differentiation instruction. In 2012, some states have adopted Public Open Schools to offer distance instruction. IGNOU runs in isolation instruction at a higher level of schooling. It has a minimum enrolment in 53 administrative areas of 1.5 million.

Professional training:

All India’s industrial training Committee in 2013 announced that more than 4,599 technical establishments offer diplomas, certification, and validation in architecture, building, in-the-board, system, drug store, innovation, town administrations, and others. The yearly admission to specialized certificates and degrees surpassed 34 lakhs.

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Pros and Cons Explained:

Children between the ages of 6 and 14 have been provided free education by the administrations of Central, State, and Union territories. On the other hand, The Indian Education system has a shocking fact that 12% of students between the ages of 4 and 12 suffer from some or other psychiatric disorder.
Indian Education system is one of the very few examples where seats are being reserved for the underprivileged classes in Schools, Colleges, and Universities. The system of Education in India expects the student to get counseling from the parent whereas it’s not the right thing to do because Children and young adults hesitate to share everything with parents due to the generation gap and fear of mockery so having a counselor in the school itself is of utmost importance.
Indian culture focuses on the act of charity and hence every school has two or three scholarships for the poor and meritorious children. In 2019, the Indian government announced 50 million scholarships for girl students from backward communities. The system pathetically lacks in identifying the unique talents/skills of each student. Very few schools pay serious attention to develop an enriching program for extracurricular activities.
The Indian government aims at bridging the gap in gender education and empowering Indian women. Many states and Union territories are already providing free education to girls while others are on their way to implementing it soon. On the other hand, the system sends the student in the wrong direction. It is illogical to lay stress only on scores rather than the Education itself. This is the main cause of thousands of coaching classes we have in our country today.

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Indian Education procedure

Primary/elementary education in india :.

Schooling of children having the age of 6 to 14 years is the place to get primary education. Playschools have been established by the govt. to the children below three years. CBSE and ICSE are the boards to organize the Indian schooling education system. Both are followed by several schools present in India. This education is not compulsory for all students. Prep School or Kindergarten of learning is also divided into subcategories nursery, lower kindergarten (LKG), and upper kindergarten (UKG). The students between the ages of 3 to 6 are in these classes.

Key Features :

The number of schools, teachers, and the enrolment category is classified based on school category and school management. The category and reputation of the schools are identified based on the number of students, teachers, their qualifications, experience, teaching-learning processes, instructional methods, learning materials, and other facilities.

Classrooms are considered to be of utmost importance because it’s where learning takes place. It is important to make the students feel comfortable within the classrooms so that their learning and understanding effectively take place. The classrooms should be attractive and appealing, therefore, in elementary education, when pictures, drawings, paintings, and other concepts are displayed and students take pleasure in coming to school and understanding the concepts. Hence, to lead to improvements in the overall quality and the instructional methods, it is crucial to make the classrooms attractive.

The teaching and learning processes hold great significance. In elementary education, the scholastic concepts are much easier to understand and students are even assisted by their parents. In the completion of homework, preparation of class tests and exams, and assignments, parents help their children. The concepts in elementary education are easily communicated to the students. In nursery school, the students are taught only the basics, which serve to be the foundation in the enhancement of their literacy skills. For example, numbers, letters, words, pictures of different objects within the environment.

Pros of the Elementary education system in India:

Since 1990, there has been a steady increase in the enrolment rate of elementary education. There has been an initiation of several schemes that have led to an increase in the enrolment rate, these are, recruitment of local teachers, having an increase in the number of schools, providing mid-day meals, incentives, and scholarships for the students.
Parliament passed an act to enforce the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009. It provides a justifiable legal background that permits all children between the ages of six to fourteen years to an education of acceptable status, based on principles of justice and non-discrimination. It provides for a child’s right to free and compulsory admission, attendance, and completion of elementary education. More essentially, it provides for the child’s right to an education that is free from anxiety, pressure, and apprehension.
Many Programs and schemes have been formulated and executed by the government to take the education system in India to the next great standard. Operation Blackboard Scheme, a Mid-day meal scheme that focuses on improving the health of underprivileged children and provide them with a nutritious meal during their school breaks.
Mahila Samakhya – Another externally assisted project with a special focus on gender has reached the poverty-stricken and marginalized women, who have been able to overcome social impediments and are stating issues such as, child marriage, child labor, and violence against women. A group of literate and knowledgeable women has been created with the help of the Mahila Shikshan Kendras and since then, there is an ever-increasing demand for literacy and education for their daughters and granddaughters. This has proved to be an advantageous social impact like postponing the age of marriage of girls. The program is presently put into practice in over 9,000 villages in 53 districts spread over ten states.

Cons of Elementary Education system in India:

In Rural areas, either parent is disinterested in sending their children to schools or the children consider dropping out of schools because, the teaching-learning processes are not well organized, there is no proper availability of creative activities, the management of the schools is not carried out properly and the environmental conditions of the schools are not suitable. Therefore, to lead to a rise in the enrolment rate, it is vital to make improvements in all these areas. For example, it is necessary to make separate toilets for girls and boys to have the provision of filtered safe drinking water in the school premises.
Differences between the regions, genders, castes, class, ethnicities, religions and other marginalized sections of the population continue to exist and serve to be the biggest challenge for the Education system in India There has been an increase in the school drop-out rate amongst the deprived, marginalized and socio-economically backward sections of the society due to various reasons. Besides, there are differences based on gender amongst the Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes, regarding the children who are in between six to fourteen years of age. Measures should be initiated to eliminate gender differences and equal opportunities should be made available to all individuals.
In some of the elementary schools, there are limited materials and equipment available, which is not sufficient to meet the needs and requirements of the students. The measures that are vital to be undertaken to enrich the quality of elementary schools are making provision of proper teaching-learning methods, effective communication between the teachers and the students, availability of materials, books, articles, swings, playthings, and all the other resources which play an important role.

Secondary Education in India :

It covers the category of children between the ages of 14 and 18, a group comprising 80 million children according to the 2001 Census of India. 10 + 2 is called Higher Secondary Education. Higher secondary education is affiliated with central boards of education. Students apply for and take classes to prepare for one of the centrally-administered examinations.

The senior school comprises classes 9 to 10 and 11-12 with a standardized countrywide exam. Secondary schooling involves classes 9th and 10th which are important for the career of students as the future subject or stream completely depend on the obtained marks in secondary classes whereas, higher secondary class 11th and 12th student have to choose any particular academic course as a focal point in which they have to make their professional career

Key Features:

In India, the national pattern and trend might disguise the disparities across various states. It is because the backward states have low enrolment and even lower physical and human resource investment than their counterparts

Indirect demand for secondary education is generated due to the increasing demand for a highly skilled labor force in the global economy. It is because the secondary graduates are trainable for the requirements of the globalized market. Further, good quality secondary schooling introduces them to formal reasoning, abstract problem-solving skills, and critical thinking as well as its occupationally relevant content. Secondary education promotes the development of skill and knowledge with access not only to the nation but also to the global economy.

Pros of Secondary Education in India:

Within secondary educational institutions, two-third of the schools are secondary and the rest are higher secondary schools. This is an improvement over the trend of 75 percent of the schools being high schools and the rest 25 percent being higher secondary schools for more than a decade from 1980-81 to 1996-97. This indicates that on average for every higher secondary school, 2 to 3 feeder high schools exist
The rise in the share of the population shift into the service sector leading to overall higher per capita income in the country is being reflected in the growth of and demand for secondary education. Gross enrolment ratio, Transition rates have improved significantly in the last decade and Dropout rates have gone down.
Some Schemes have been implemented which are centrally sponsored such as Girls Hostel Scheme, National Scheme of Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education, Inclusive Education for Disabled at Secondary stage. All these Schemes have helped the backward classes of society to get Education and aspire for more.

Cons of Secondary Education in India:

The main disadvantage of the Secondary Education system is its lack of irregularity, infrastructure, and its reach to every state, every town, and village. Multiple numbers of factors operate, which may be broadly classified as demand, supply, family-related, or school-related factors besides the state policies and practices. While some of the academic factors push the students out, the socio-economic reasons pull them out of the system.
This fact can’t be ignored that even when education is free, there are both direct and opportunity costs which are reasons which force children to drop out. The cost of books, uniforms, mid-day meals, etc. is major costs for poor families. Children of secondary school age regularly work on family farms (i.e., in conflict with school attendance). As a result of high opportunity costs, school attendance, and, therefore, school performance tends to be much lower for children from poor families even though tuition fees are nominal, other fees and expenditures of secondary education are higher for the socially deprived children and girls.
Not having a school close to home is often a barrier to children’s enrolment and retention, especially for girls in village areas. There is also a problem in the quality of school education, which is influenced at both the system and institutional level. Poor functioning of schools also matters to a greater extent in the levels of not only participation but also performance.

Higher Education system in India:

In higher Education Graduation, diplomas, and other professional courses are offered by Colleges, Institutes, and Universities. Colleges, Institutes, and Universities provide various courses such as Law, Medicine, engineering along with bachelor programs in arts, science, and commerce.

Most of the reputable universities in India require students to pass admissions tests in addition to passing a final secondary school examination for entry into a college or university. Fun fact, India is the third-largest hub of the education system in the world.

Pros of Higher Education in India:

India has progressed at a rapid rate in terms of higher education figures. There were 659 Universities and 33023 colleges up to December 2011-12. Much of the progress achieved by India in education has come from the private sector. The public and private sectors are not against each other but they are working simultaneously to improve the education system in India. Indian higher education system is growing very fast irrespective of various challenges and with the help of new-age learning tools and technology, a country like India can overcome these obstacles and bring a greater shift in the country’s higher education sector.
There are opportunities for strategic engagement in higher education leadership and management at the state level. India’s government should exploit its resources to collaborate at the national and international level in areas of quality assurance, international credit recognition, and unified national qualifications framework.

Cons of Higher Education in India:

The Gross Enrolment Ratio of India in the higher education sector is only 15% which is quite low as compared to the other developing countries. With the increasing number of enrolments at the school level, the supply of higher education institutes is insufficient to meet the growing demand.
Most of the educational institutions are owned by political leaders, who are playing a key role in governing bodies of the Universities. They are using innocent students for their selfish means. Students organize campaigns, forget their objectives and begin to develop their careers in politics
Shortage of Faculty and the inability of the Education system at the state level to attract and retain well-qualified teachers have been posing challenges to quality education for many years. Large numbers of NET / Ph.D. candidates remain unemployed even there are a lot of vacancies in higher education, these deserving candidates are forced to apply in other departments which is the biggest blow to the higher education system.
Accreditation: As per the survey done by the NAAC (National Assessment and Accreditation Council) in June 2010, not even 25% of the total higher education institutions in the country were accredited. And among those accredited, only a few universities and colleges were found to be of quality to be ranked at ‘A’ level.

Suggestions to improve the system:

The role of Education is undeniable as it builds a world view and the coexistence of several world views. It prepares us for the various challenges in life, jobless situations, and the relevance of everything around us.

There is a need to implement an innovative approach from primary to higher education level to make the Indian educational system globally more relevant and competitive. Education should enable students and teachers to understand and grasp the impact of technology and digitization on their opinions and views through the flood of information and opinions on the internet.
There is a need to focus on the graduate students by providing them courses in which they can achieve greater excellence, and gain a deeper knowledge of the subject so that they get placed in the good companies which would reduce unnecessary rush to the higher education.
The education system should encourage interaction, innovation, and out-of-the-box thinking. The education system should be made more flexible from primary to higher education where students are free to enter and exit at any time.
Universities and colleges in both public-private must be away from the political affiliations, favoritism, the money-making process should be out of the education system, etc . The Indian education system needs to customize the training because it is meant to be only for one boy, but it is valuable for everyone. In every event, not everyone should be matched to a large instruction scheme. Others have been teachers of visual art; others have been teachers of music. A few children adapt quicker, some moderate. The schedule should be planned so that each student’s capacity is distinguished and spurred.
The system of evaluation should test the following abilities or outcomes of learning at the UG and PG levels. Ability to appreciate and practice democratic values, social justice values, and human values; Understanding and grasp of domain area knowledge, Application of domain area knowledge in real life; Analytical and critical thinking based on issues arising within and outside the domain knowledge; Problem-solving abilities, ability to think interrelated aspects of knowledge and its application in a larger context, ability to articulate, communicate, in written and oral form ideas, viewpoints, and solutions of problems effectively to all, ability to appreciate and practice democratic values, social justice values, and human values; Ability to reflect, adopt, adapt and change as the situation demands. This outcome of learning should be part of the Indian national education system.

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Awesome information it will be very helpful for my project

The biggest drawback of indian education system is that we are not upgrading . If we look at the history of education in India, we will get to know that our system was set by Britishers with the aim of generating more and more clerks for their government…we need to upgrade and update our education system for achieving educational power.

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Education System in India: Everything You Need To Know

Manali Ganguly ,

Mar 4, 2024

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The education system in India has evolved in the past few years to accommodate a more logical and practical approach towards education. The Indian education system can be roughly divided into the pre-primary, primary, secondary, higher secondary, graduate and the postgraduate levels.

Education System in India: Everything You Need To Know

The education system in India has evolved over the years and plays an important role in shaping not just the careers of the students but their lives as well. The education system in India is divided into several levels. They are the pre-primary level, the primary level, the secondary level, the higher secondary level, the graduate level and the postgraduate level.

In India, the education system can be said to be state-run. There are centralised boards as well as state boards to which the schools are affiliated. After the higher secondary level, education is imparted in colleges and universities, where the courses are bifurcated into academic, professional, and vocational courses.

An in-depth study of the complete system is crucial for a clearer understanding.

Table of Contents

Current Education System in India

Literacy Rate in India

Right to Education Act (RTE)

Stages of education in india, central and state school education boards, education schemes in india, challenges faced by the education system in india.

The education system that is currently existing in India can be said to have come down since the Rig Vedic times. In the early period, Mathematics was the only subject through which education was imparted which implies a logical approach to learning. In the latter period, subjects that were included to be taught were Pali grammar, buddhist literature, social values and logic.

For the Hindu society, education was imparted in pathshalas or gurukuls where the students had to stay and serve the ‘guru’ or the teacher and learn their lessons there. Education was free in those times. In a Muslim society there were Madrasas and Maqtabs. The Madrasas exist till today.

When India became a British colony, initially the East India Company did not think of working on or improving the education system in India. It was later that the missionaries coming from Europe introduced Western education in the country. The Sergeant Commission and the Hunter Commission are the commissions that were set up by the British to improve the quality of education in India.

There was immense improvement in the Indian system of education in the postcolonial period. The modern education system in India can be segmented into four distinctive layers roughly. They are: primary,secondary, higher secondary and higher education.

Modern India made it mandatory to educate children in the age group of 6 years to 14 years. The higher education refers to the education after completing the higher secondary level. The graduate, post graduate, doctoral and postdoctoral levels constitute the higher education in the country.

Also Read: Indian Education System vs Foreign Education System

New Education Policy

The New Education Policy has made several amendments in the education system in India. The moderations made in the system has been mentioned in the section below:

The foundational stage of education runs for 5 years. The age group covered in this segment is 3 years to 8 years.
The preparatory stage runs for 3 years. The age group covered in this stage is 8 years to 11 years, which ideally corresponds to classes 5 to 8.
The middle stage of education is between the age group of 11 years to 14 years. The classes covered are 6 to 8.
The secondary stage is between 14 years and 16 years which includes the classes 9 and 10.
The higher secondary stage is between 16 years and 18 years which corresponds to the higher secondary classes of 11 and 12.

Also Read: What is Quality Education? Meaning and Importance

Literacy Rate in India

The education system in India is controlled and supervised by three central committees - University Grants Commission (UGC). National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). There exists a Ministry of Education in each state. There are more than 37000 colleges and 700 universities in India.

The literacy rate in India for seven year olds and above is 74.04%. The male literacy rate stands at 82.14% while the female literacy rate in India is 65.46%. The GER or General Enrolment Ratio for higher education in India stands at 26.30%. The GER is a metric that represents the percentage of people in the age group of 18 years to 23 years going for higher education.

Also Read: 10 Ways to Balance Student Life And Academics

The Right to Education Act was enacted on Aug 4, 2009, and came into force in Apr 2010. This is an Act of the Parliament of India to safeguard the rights of children to education free of cost. As per the act, the children are entitled to receive free and compulsory education from 6 years of age to 14 years of age.

The Right to Education Act makes it mandatory for the children to free fundamental education irrespective of caste, creed or gender. The Act lists down the norms that the schools must abide by while imparting elementary education to the children of the specified age group.

Also Read: Best Career Options for Girl in India

The education system in India is divided into the pre primary level, the primary or the elementary level, the secondary level, the higher secondary level, the graduate level, the postgraduate level, and the doctoral and postdoctoral levels. The description for each level can be found below.

Pre-Primary Level: This stage covers the education of children between 3 and 6 years of age. While terminology may differ for different regions and schools, this stage mostly starts from the playgroup and ends with upper kindergarten.

Primary Level: This is a relatively longer stage and covers classes 1 to 8 in school. Classes 1 to 5 constitute the primary level and classes 6 to 8 constitute the upper primary level.

Secondary Level: This stage is constituted by classes 9 and 10 in school.

Higher Secondary Level: This stage includes classes 11 and 12 in school.

Graduate Level: This stage includes 3 years of degree courses which are done in the college.

Postgraduate Level: The postgraduate stage can be done in the colleges or universities.

Doctoral and Postdoctoral Levels: The doctoral and postdoctoral levels require research and are done at the universities.

Also Read: Types of Education: Formal, Informal & Non-Formal

There are a number of education boards in India apart from the state education boards. The central boards are CBSE, CISCE, and NIOS. Each of these boards has a separate set of curriculum for teaching as well as conducting exams.

The centrally operating education boards in India are the following:

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)

The state-run education boards in India can be found below:

Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB)
Punjab School Education Board (PSEB)
Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE)
Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education (JKBOSE)
Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh
Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE)
Board of Secondary Education Rajasthan (RBSE)
Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE)
Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education (HPBOSE)
Andhra Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (BSEAP)
Andhra Pradesh Board of Intermediate Education (BIEAP)
West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE)
Maharashtra State Board Of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (MSBSHSE)
Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSEB)

Also Read: CBSE vs State Boards: Which is Better?

The education system in India has witnessed the introduction of various kinds of educational schemes aiming at improving the quality of education among the targeted population. All such schemes that have been introduced and implemented to improvement the education system and therefore the literacy rate are mentioned below:

1. Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act (2009) : This act was passed in 2009 to make education compulsory for all children aged between 6 and 14 years.

2. Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC): This scheme was introduced to aid in the development and promotion of a conducive ecosystem in the higher educational institutes for conducting research by way of communication and exchange of ideas with the foreign nations.

3. National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT): This scheme aimed at improving the quality of education in the higher educational institutes.

4. Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA): This scheme was introduced in 2013 by the-then Ministry of Education. This scheme is sponsored by the Centre to facilitate strategic development in the higher educational institutes of the country.

5. NISHTHA 2.0: This scheme was introduced to train the teachers as per requirement to support logical and critical thinking in students.

6. Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM-SHRI) Yojana: This scheme has been introduced by the Government of India to facilitate better learning in 14,000 schools located country wide. The aim is to improve and uplift the education in these schools to bring them at par with the other centrally controlled and state controlled schools in the country.

7. Mid-Day Meal Scheme: This system was renamed the PM Poshan or Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman in September 2021. This scheme offers lunch to the children from classes 1 to 8 in the government-run schools.

8. PRAGYATA: This scheme issues an advisory in the form of guidelines, created by the NCERT, to the schools for digital education.

9. Samagra Shiksha: This scheme merges together the schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Teacher Education (TE), and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA). This scheme covers the pre primary to the higher secondary level of education in the schools. The scheme fosters equal and all-inclusive education in the schools.

Also Read: Women Education in India: Importance, Welfare Schemes, and Benefits

Despite the all round development of the education system in India, there are a few challenges faced by the system. Corrective measures can help in dealing with the challenges and taking the education system of India to be at par with the top ranking systems in the world.

The challenges faced by the system are:

1. Lack of Infrastructure: The lack of infrastructure in most of the schools in the rural area leads to an insufficient development of the students in terms of learning.

2. Rote Learning Methods: This is one of the major drawbacks of the Indian education system. As compared to the top ranking countries, in terms of education, the education system in India lies behind because of the rote learning techniques. The ways of teaching in most of the schools are rather outdated, despite digital platforms being used in a few. Stressing on rote learning fails to instil interest in the students thereby leading to a half hearted knowledge.

3. Lack of Practical Application: Most of the lessons imparted in the school level lack any demonstration or practical application. This leads to an insufficient knowledge among the students which hinders their educational growth in the long run.

4. Expensive Education: The top private schools rank among the best schools in the country. However, the expenses are sky reaching which makes it not just difficult but impossible for most of the population to afford these schools.

5. Teacher to Student Ratio: This is a factor that is constantly hindering proper learning among the students. The class strengths are quite high which makes it difficult for the teachers to pay attention to individual students and address their needs.

Also Read: 5 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Education

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Advantages & Disadvantages of New Education Policy (NEP 2020)

The new education policy, NEP 2020 talks about major transformational reforms in the Indian academic sector which are appreciated by many. Along with appreciation, there is also criticism which focuses on the drawbacks of this new education policy.

In this blog, we will explore both the advantages and disadvantages of NEP, providing you with a comprehensive overview of its impact.

Benefits Of New Education Policy

For Students:

Holistic Development:

NEP 2020 focuses on the holistic development of students, addressing their cognitive, social, emotional, and physical growth. It promotes critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills, preparing students to thrive in the 21st century.

Flexible Learning Pathways:

The policy offers flexible learning pathways, allowing students to choose subjects based on their interests and career aspirations. This promotes personalized learning, enabling students to explore their passions and develop expertise in their chosen fields.

Reduced Curriculum Burden:

NEP aims to reduce the curriculum burden on students by emphasizing core concepts and essential learning outcomes. This allows for a deeper understanding of subjects and encourages a more comprehensive learning experience.

Inclusive Education:

The policy prioritizes inclusive education, ensuring equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds, including those with disabilities and from marginalized communities. It promotes an inclusive and supportive learning environment, fostering empathy and understanding among students.

Skill Development:

NEP 2020 emphasizes skill development, equipping students with 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, communication, problem-solving, and digital literacy. This enhances their employability and prepares them for future challenges.

For Teachers:

Professional Development Opportunities:

The new education policy recognizes the importance of continuous professional development for teachers. It provides opportunities for training, workshops, and collaborations to enhance their teaching skills, update their knowledge, and stay abreast of evolving pedagogical practices.

Enhanced Teaching Practices:

The policy encourages a shift towards learner-centric teaching practices, promoting interactive and experiential learning methods. This allows teachers to engage students actively in the learning process, fostering deeper understanding and retention of concepts.

Integration of Technology:

NEP emphasizes the integration of technology in education. Teachers can leverage digital tools, online resources, and educational apps to enhance their teaching effectiveness, create interactive learning experiences, and cater to diverse learning styles.

Recognition of Leadership and Mentorship:

It also recognizes the importance of teacher leadership and mentorship. Teachers have the opportunity to take on mentoring roles, supporting their fellow educators, and contributing to policy implementation. This fosters professional growth and collaboration among teachers.

Collaborative Learning Communities:

NEP also promotes collaborative learning communities, encouraging teachers to engage in peer learning, share best practices, and collaborate with colleagues. This creates a supportive environment for professional growth and enhances teaching effectiveness.

Empowerment as Facilitators:

The policy empowers teachers to become facilitators of learning rather than just information providers. They can guide students through their learning journey, foster critical thinking, and nurture students’ interests and talents.

Disadvantages of NEP 2020

Increased pressure and competition for students:.

One of the primary concerns with the policy is the potential increase in pressure and competition among students. NEP emphasizes the importance of standardized examinations and encourages board exams at multiple levels, starting from the early years. This approach may lead to an excessive focus on grades and performance, compromising the overall development and well-being of students.

Narrowing of Subject Choices:

The new policy proposes a shift towards a multidisciplinary approach, which aims to provide students with a broad range of subjects. However, this might inadvertently limit their options. With an increased emphasis on vocational education and skill development, subjects like arts, humanities, and social sciences may receive less attention. This narrow focus could hinder the overall intellectual and creative growth of students.

Insufficient Teacher Training and Support:

The NEP 2020 falls short in adequately addressing the training and support needs of teachers. The lack of clear guidelines for continuous professional development and incentives may impact the quality of education imparted in classrooms.

Imbalance in Digital Infrastructure:

The new education policy places significant emphasis on digital education and e-learning platforms. While this can enhance access to education, it also exposes the digital divide prevalent in our society. Not all students have equal access to digital devices, internet connectivity, or resources required for online learning. This imbalance may further marginalize students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, exacerbating educational inequalities.

Standardization Challenges:

The policy’s aim to standardize education across the country may overlook regional and cultural diversities. The one-size-fits-all approach might not cater to the unique needs and aspirations of students from different states and regions.

Insufficient Implementation Strategy:

A major concern surrounding the policy is the lack of a robust implementation strategy. It proposes ambitious changes without providing a clear roadmap for execution. This ambiguity can lead to confusion among educational institutions, teachers, and students, resulting in uneven implementation across the country. Without a well-defined plan, the potential benefits of the policy may remain unrealized.

Final Thoughts

While the New Education Policy 2020 aims to bring about positive transformations in the Indian education system, it is essential to critically evaluate its pros and cons. By critically examining the advantages and disadvantages, stakeholders can work towards implementing the new education policy effectively, ensuring an education system that fosters holistic development, inclusivity, and equal opportunities for all.

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National Educational Policy 2020: Pros and Cons

All you need to know from the expert sridhar samu, senior associate professor of marketing great lakes institute of management, chennai..

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National Educational Policy 2020: Pros and Cons

Pros of NEP

Broad based education, learning how to learn.

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Education is a platform in which young generations are trained and make them future-ready. Education provides knowledge and skills which help the person to be employable. The Indian education system is very popular and diversified among other countries’ education systems due to its change in the evolution from ancient to the modern education system. During the ancient and medieval periods of education, students were trained by teachers in such a manner that they can survive and live in that era. After independence, there is a tremendous growth in the Indian education system providing teaching and training in all aspects, but it does not satisfy the global demands of the market. This chapter focuses on teaching methodology, curriculum, characteristics, methods of learning, aims of the Indian education system during the ancient and medieval period and how it differed in today’s modern education and what are the things that our today’s modern education need to learn and implement from ancient and medieval education. The mentioned points are used to differentiate ancient, medieval, and modern education with advantages and disadvantages. Through this chapter, students, teachers will get to know the difference in the education system and what else to be adapted in the future to overcome all the problems.

Author Information

Mangesh m. ghonge *.

Department of Computer Engineering, Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Aniket Singh

*Address all correspondence to: [email protected]

1. Introduction

Technological improvement has boosted the economic growth in India. Science and technology have an important role in the economic development of India. Compared to other developed countries, India has more youth manpower. Proper education will play a significant role in making youth future-ready and increasing economic growth by providing skilled persons which will also boost industrial development. In the modern era of education, every institution or university is adapting new teaching methods using their teaching methodologies. Indian education is the biggest and well-known education systems in the world. During ancient education, there were 5 big well-known universities like Takshashila, Nalanda, Vallabhi, etc., which focus on the all-round development of students and those in the medieval period there exists 2 institutions madrasah and maqtabs which mostly focus on building student religious and leaders of the future. In modern education, there are well known autonomous institutes like IITs and IIMs which are famous all around the world.

During ancient education, students live away from their parents, their education comprises of subjects like physical education, mental education, politics, economics, etc. They were shaped in a way that they can live in any condition considering how difficult the situation will be? Medieval education also followed the same protocol as ancient education in spite that their education mostly focuses on religion. In today’s modern era of big institutes like the Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institute of Management (IIMs), everything is changed like the living standard of students, curriculum, all-round development. The principle objective of the student has been to just achieve its goal and be successful. Only the big institutes like IITs, IIMs, and some other private and aided universities have adopted modern methods of learning. There is a difference in curriculum, teaching methods, and living standards of students in every institute. The syllabus of the current education system is not industry-oriented and also not according to new upcoming trends. The main objective of education is mostly theoretical and not practically implemented [ 1 ].

The main purpose of this paper is to convey what all the things need to adopt in our current education system from ancient and medieval times and also some new trends associated with it. The paper is mainly categorized into three sections Ancient, Medieval and Modern education system, including sub-sections such as curriculum, method of learning, the aim of education, characteristics of education, educational institutes, higher educational institutes, advantages, and disadvantages of the particular education system.

2. Ancient education

During the ancient period, two systems of education were developed, Vedic, and Buddhist. The medium of language during the Vedic system was Sanskrit, while those in the Buddhist system were pali. During those times the education was of Vedas, Brahmanas, Upnishads, and Dharmasutras. From the Rigveda onwards, our ancient education started with the objective of developing the students not only in the outer body but also on the inner body. The ancient education focused on imparting ethics like humility, truthfulness, discipline, self-reliance, and respecting all creations to the students. The education was mostly imparted in ashrams, gurukuls, temples, houses. Sometimes pujaris of the temples used to teach students. The education system of ancient India has some special features and uniqueness which was not found in any other ancient education system of the other countries. The education was mostly given in forests under the blue sky, which keeps the student’s mind fresh and alive. During ancient times people used to live a simple life and doing their work with devotion and hard work [ 2 ].

2.1 Aim of education

The main objective of education was to equip the students with a good quality of education. The education mostly focused on the enrichment of culture, character, and personality, development, and cultivation of noble ideals. The objective was gaining the mental, physical, and intellectual personality of students, to make the students future-ready and survive in any situation [ 3 ].

2.2 Characteristics of education

During the ancient period, the state government and the people did not interfere in designing curriculum, payments of fees, regulation of teaching hours. There was a strong bonding between teacher and student. Every student was allotted with one teacher and more emphasis was given to the student-teacher relationship, each student used to meet teachers personally to learn and gain instructions from them. During ancient times, royal families, as well as kings of states, used to donate their wealth to improve the education system and quality. The syllabus was designed in accordance with the demands of that era. At that time students used to leave their houses and went to live with their gurus until their education was completed. During the early Vedic period, women’s education was also given more emphasis. The education focuses on the physical and mental development of students. The course duration was about 10–12 years, as there were no books so students used to memorize all things, memory played a crucial role during learning. The education was imparted in forests away from cities and peoples to give students a pleasant and silent environment of study.

2.3 Curriculum

Curriculum plays an essential role in the education system. It was dynamic and not static; it was made up of different stages. The fundamental goal of building a good curriculum was to develop students physically and mentally. The curriculum consists of four Vedas, six vedangas, Upnishads, darshanas, Puranas, Tarka Shastra. The six vedangas were Shiksha, Chhandas, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Jyotisha, and Kalpawhile the darshanas were Nyaya, Baiseshika, Yoga, Vedanta, Sankhya, Mimasa. Algebra, Geometry, and grammar were also given more importance at that time. Panini was famous in the domain of grammar at that time. The curriculum of the Buddhist system consists of pitakas, Abhidharma, and sutras. Besides this medicine, Vedas were also given importance. Hindu learning was a part of Buddhist learning, although more emphasis was given to Buddhist learning. Both the systems were going hand in hand at that time. The education was totally through orals and debates, and the exams were conducted every year. The education system of the ancient period focused on subjects like warfare, military, politics, religion.

2.4 Methods of learning

At that time books were not there, so students had the habit to learn and memorize all the things taught in the class, and teachers also helped them in memorizing.

The students used to deep dive into the concepts taught by their teachers and explore new methods to learn it.

Listening, Contemplation, and concentrated contemplation were some new methods of exploring the way of learning.

The teachers used the storytelling methods to teach the students.

Students used to ask questions about the topics taught by the teachers and these topics were discussed and then answered to the students.

The education of that time mainly focused on practical knowledge of the topics taught in the class.

The students got plenty of knowledge through seminars and debates conducted at frequent intervals.

2.5 Educational institutions

Gurukul was the hometown of teachers where students come after completing their initiation ceremony and learn until the completion of their study. The parishads or academies were the places of higher learning and education where students learn through discussions and debates. Goshti or conferences were the places where the kings of the states used to invite scholars from every institute to meet and exchange their views. Ashramas or hermitages were the other learning centers where students from various parts of the country used to come and learn from saints and sages. Vidyapeeth was the place of spiritual learning founded by great Acharya, Sri Shankara in places like Sringeri, Kanchi, Dwarka, and Puri, etc. Agraharas was an institution of Brahmins in villages where they used to teach. Viharas were the educational institutions founded by Buddhists where the students were taught the subjects related to Buddhism and philosophy.

2.6 Higher educational institutions

Takshashila or Taxila: Takshashila was the famous center of learning, including religion and teaching of Buddhism in ancient times. It was famous for his higher education learning comprising of subjects like ancient scriptures, law, medicine, sociology, astronomy, military science, and 18 silpas, etc. The well-known scholars from the university were great grammarian Panini, he was an expert in his subject of grammar and published his work on Ashtadhyayi, Chanakya who is skilled in statecraft both studied here. Students from Kashi, Kosala, Magadha, and also from different countries flocked into the university despite a long and arduous journey. Takshashila was an ancient Indian city currently situated in north-western Pakistan was the well-known center of learning and has been declared as an archeological site and world heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1980.

Nalanda: When Xuan Zang came to Nalanda it was called Nala, which was the center of learning in many subjects. The students used to come here from different parts of the country and the world to study here. Different subjects were taught, including the Vedas, fine arts, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. Xuan Zang itself became the student of Yogashastra. Nalanda which is currently situated in Rajgir, Bihar, India was also declared as a world heritage site by UNESCO. The other famous institutes around ancient times were Vallabhi, Vikramshila, Ujjain, and Benaras.

2.7 Advantages

The system focuses on the all-round development of students.

More emphasis was given to practical knowledge rather than theoretical knowledge.

The students were not just involved in bringing the ranks, but their main focus was on knowledge.

Classrooms were built-in forests which provide a pleasant study environment to the students.

There was no pressure laid on students related to studies so that they can learn effectively.

The government did not interfere with the formation of curriculum, kings at that time helped in the development of education.

2.8 Disadvantages

Women were not admitted to the Gurukuls.

There was caste discrimination as only Kshatriya was allowed, Eklavya was not given admission to the Gurukul.

3. Medieval education

During the eighth century Anno Domini (A.D) a huge number of Mohammadian invaded India. Mahmud Ghaznavi captured India and set up a large number of schools and libraries in the country by the looted wealth. Later Muslim leaders established their permanent empire in India, they brought a new system of education. The ancient education system was drastically changed. The Arabs and the Turks bought some new cultures, traditions, and institutions in India, in that the most remarkable change was the Islamic pattern of education which was different from the Buddhist and Brahmanic education system. The medieval age, education system primarily focused on the Islamic and Mughal System.

3.1 Aim of education

The main objective of education during the medieval period was the spread of knowledge and the propagation of Islam. The objective behind this era of education was to spread Islamic education its principles, and social conventions. The purpose of the education system was to make people religious minded [ 4 ].

3.2 Characteristics of education

The rulers helped in the spread and development of education. They helped in the establishment of different educational institutes and funded it, big landlords also gave them some wealth in the development of institutes. There was no control of rulers over the educational institutes and also to their management. The student-teacher relation was also good like the Buddhist and Brahmanic period, although students did not live with their teachers at that time. Teachers took interest in learning, at that time teachers were used to teaching students individually.

3.3 Curriculum

During that time books were not there, therefore the students were used to write on taktis. The stress was laid on teaching the student from the beginning that is teaching them first alphabets and then words. Calligraphy and grammar were the most important subjects taught during those days. Students also learned “paharas”(multiple of numbers), and also they memorized it while learning. Arabic and Persian were the main languages of communication and these languages were important for the students who wanted to get higher posts. The recitation of the Quran was made compulsory, the students used to learn the Quran by heart as this was an important part of their curriculum. The students at their early ages were taught to recite the first 13 chapters of the Quran as a poem. Ibn Sina, an Islamic Persian scholar, and a teacher write that students during the age of 14 should be given the choice of selecting their favorite subjects for masters, for example, reading, manual skills, literature, medicine, geometry, trade, and commerce. There were two types of education during medieval times like secular and religious education. Religious education consists study of the Quran, Mohammad, and his invasions Islamic laws and Islamic history. The secular education consists of the study of Arabic literature, grammar, history, philosophy, mathematics, geography, politics, economics, Greek language, and agriculture.

3.4 Methods of learning

Orals, discussions, and recitations of the lesson taught were the main methods of learning at that age.

Emperor Akbar encouraged the students to focus more on reading and writing and to reform the scripts. He wanted the education system to be systematic and advised teachers to first teach students about the knowledge of alphabets, then words-knowledge, and then sentence formation.

More emphasis was given on practical education.

There was no half-yearly or annual examination fixed for students, but the students were evaluated based on practical situations of life.

3.5 Educational institutions

Maktabs:-Maktabs were the center of the primary education for the children of general people. Along with religious education, students were also taught subjects like reading, writing, and arithmetic. They were also taught some romantic literature of Persian example, Laila-Majnu, Yusuf-Julekha, etc. Along with practical education, letter writing applications, and accountancy were also taught in Maktabs.

Madrasas:- After completing the primary education in Maktabs, the students were sent to the Madarsas for higher education. Madarsas were the centers of higher learning and Emperor Akbar did remarkable development in the education of the medieval era. Along with religious and practical education, Akbar stopped the tradition of the Islamic religion and instructed to teach Hinduism and philosophy in many Madrasas. The subjects such as medicine, history, geography, economics, political science, astrology, philosophy, and mathematics were taught in Madarsas. Akbar made subjects like Vedanta, Jurisprudence, and Patanjali compulsory for Sanskrit students.

3.6 Important educational centers

Delhi: Nasiruddin established Madarsa -i-Nasiria under the reign of the Shiraz Allauddin Khilji and established many Madarsas with renowned teachers in them. Mughal emperor Humayun established many big institutions of astronomy and geography in Delhi. He also introduced institutions where subjects like Arabic, Persian, Grammar, Philosophy, and Astronomy was taught.

Agra: Sikandar Lodi established many Madarsas and Maktabs in Agra and attracted many students from other countries to come and study. Akbar made Agra the center of culture, fine arts, and crafts.

Jaunpur: Sher Shah Suri completed his education in one of the educational institutes of Jaunpur city. The main subjects of teaching were political science, warfare, history, and philosophy, Ibrahim Sharki set up many Madarsas in Jaunpur.

Bidar: Mohammad Gawan had established many Madarsas and Maktabs in this city and it became the famous center of learning. The city consists of a library that contains 3000 books on subjects like Islamic theology, culture, philosophy, medical science, astronomy, history, and agriculture.

3.7 Advantages

Practical education was given more importance, students and teacher’s relations were good. Students were taught from the basics and rulers also supported the development of education.

3.8 Disadvantages

Religious and Islamic education was given more importance.

The student aimed to focus on leadership for ruling the country.

4. Modern education

In the middle of the medieval age, the British invaded India and started to capture it. The modern education was introduced during the British empire. In the 1830s Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay introduced the English language. The subjects and the syllabus were limited to some extent, the main aim of modern education of the British was to spread Christianity. As time passed education started to develop and entered into the modern era that is in the twenty-first century, the era of science, technology, and innovations. And the demand and the need for education stills remain the same as it was in ancient and medieval times. In the modern era of science and technology, the industrial sector is increasing day by day. As demand increases our education sector also needs to change and adapt to that environment [ 5 , 6 ].

4.1 Aim of education

The objective of modern education was to inculcate values in students such as equality, secularism, education for all, and environmental protection, etc. To understand the culture as well as people of our country, every student must be provided at least a minimum level of education and also to provide education to the people who cannot afford it, to prepare the students with the ever-increasing demands.

4.2 Characteristics of education

The student-teacher relations remained the same as it was in ancient and medieval, but students did not live in the teacher’s house. As technology is increasing day by day, the education sector is also following the trend of technology by teaching the students through online lectures and Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). In Aviation and the medical sector, more emphasis is on practical knowledge as compared to other sectors. Women’s education is giving more importance, and the Government has launched many programs to encourage women’s education. In the modern era electronics gadgets like projectors, Light Emitting Diode (LED), and computers are used to teach the students. The Government has established many programs and there are many organizations that promote education in India.

4.3 Curriculum

In modern education along with studies, the emphasis is given on extracurricular activities and sports for all-round development of students.

4.4 Methods of learning

Students mostly learn concepts through online platforms like YouTube, Coursera, and Udemy.

Students refer to the notes given by the teacher’s side by side while learning online.

During class hours doubts are solved through discussions, debates, etc.

Pupils were assessed based on mid-sem written exams and practical exams to check their practical knowledge.

4.5 Educational institutions

Schools: Schools are the educational institutes where children are sent for their primary education. There are many private and government schools situated in India, primary education means education from Nursery to 10th standard. Children at their early ages are sent to schools to learn poems, grammar, prayers, alphabets, etc. besides this, the other subjects taught in the schools are English, mathematics, science, history, geography, and other regional languages. Schools are situated inside the city, also there are many cultural programs and sports events conducted in schools for the students to develop their interpersonal and physical skills. Private schools are run by organizations and the principal manages the academics and cultural activities in schools.

Colleges: After completing primary education from schools, students are sent to colleges for secondary education. After primary education, students are required to give entrance exams to take entry into colleges and according to the marks scored in entrance exams students are allotted colleges. In some states, during college, they are advised to choose a stream from science and commerce and then further carry on their secondary education. College education consists of 11th and 12th standard. Different subjects taught in secondary education according to their streams are physics, chemistry, geometry, algebra, accounts, and many other regional languages.

University : After the secondary education, students are required to give the entrance exams like Joint Engineering Entrance (JEE) and other state-level exams to take admissions in universities. Students are given choices to choose a stream like a computer, electronics, civil, and Mechanical and then start their career in it. The University provides undergraduate and postgraduate course comprising of course duration of 4 and 3 years, different universities in India are Savitribai Phule Pune University, Mumbai University, and many other aided non-aided and private universities. There are many cultural and sports events conducted in universities for giving students some time to joy and relax from studies.

4.6 Higher educational institutions

Indian Institute of Technology: It is one of the greatest universities in India for higher education like undergraduate, postgraduation, and many more streams. There is a total of 23 IIT colleges in India, every year lakhs of students compete to take admissions in these IIT’s. JEE-Mains and JEE-Advance are the two entrance examinations to take admission in these IIT’s, according to the All India Rank (AIR) and marks students are allotted IIT’s. Due to its high level of educational teaching and curriculum, IIT is famous all around the world.

The other top universities are Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), National Institute of Technology (NIT), Indian Institute of Science (IISC).

4.7 Advantages

Use of technology in learning, students is learning free-lancing and many other new technologies.

Many programs and missions have started to increase the employment of India.

Top class universities and colleges with good infrastructure and environment.

4.8 Disadvantages

Interference of government in education, management, and syllabus.

Lack of quality teaching as well as the environment in government schools and colleges.

Increase in fees of schools and colleges of private institutes.

Lack of practical knowledge orientation.

Due to the increase in fees, the family, which is below the poverty line cannot afford education and hence there is an increase in the number of laborers in India.

Lack of connectivity of the students who lived in rural areas.

5. Conclusion

In the modern era, industries and technology are increasing day by day. Every industry sector is looking for a person who best suits their industry. With the ever-increasing demand for industrial sectors, our current education system also needs to be upgraded. In universities, students are learning just for competing with each other to come first, no practical knowledge is gained. There is a lot of pressure and burden of work and studies on them, due to this student are committing suicide. Our education system needs to learn from ancient and medieval education system regarding the implementation of practical knowledge, student-teacher relations, ways of life student lived in that age, the contribution of kings towards the education, there was no stress laid on students and much more. The future of industries and commercial sectors will be very tough and ever demanding, so our government has to provide such an education system which will bring all-round development in students and make them future-ready and also teach them to live in any critical situation.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no ‘conflict of interest’.

1. Glukhov VV, Vasetskaya NO. Improving the teaching quality with a smart-education system. In: 2017 IEEE VI Forum Strategies Partnership of Universities and Enterprises of Hi-Tech Branches (Science. Education. Innovations) (SPUE). 2017
2. Ahmed A, Ahmed HA. A proposed model of education system using cloud computing. In: 2018 3rd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Sciences and Technology (ICEEST). 2018
3. Available from: http://www.vkmaheshwari.com/WP/?p=512
4. Available from: https://www.sociologygroup.com/indian-education-system-features-pros-cons/
5. Jayapalan N. History of Education in India; 1996
6. Available from: http://digitaltk.com/indian-education-system-advantages-disadvantages/

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Education System in India Advantages and Disadvantages

Nowadays, you must have seen like every other social media influencer that just common people in India are criticizing our education system. But is it really that bad, or is it just for the talks? Like, if you are a student, studying at a college or school in India, then for sure you’d know about what’s good and what’s bad about our education system. Still, it might have got you thinking, right? Well, that’s what we are up to today because here we will be taking a good look at the possible advantages and disadvantages of the Indian education system. So yeah, if you are specifically here for that, then keep on reading. Here we go.

In This Article

Education System in India Advantages

Like always, let’s begin with the oh-so-good side of the education system we have in our country:

1. Boosting Economy and Job Options

Did you know how education is changing India’s economy? It’s simple. More people getting educated means more folks getting jobs. This cuts down unemployment, making India’s money matters better. And because unemployment had been a huge issue in the country, that’s why the education system getting better wasn’t just any advancement, it was a necessity.

Also Read: Advantages And Disadvantages Of Reservation System In India

2. Decrease In Child Labour Numbers

Child labor is a tough reality, but here’s where education is making a real difference. As more children sit in classrooms rather than work sites, the hold of child labor is weakening. It’s a big, positive shift in our society. It is truly not that hard to understand that if we were to teach or make education accessible for more kids, the less likely they are to end up in the workforce too soon.

3. Reservations for the Underprivileged

In the world of education, having a quota system is a big help for groups that aren’t as well-off socially. This step, kind of like a helping hand, makes sure that getting an education is something everyone can do, not just a few. It opens doors for people who might have been left out or overlooked otherwise. And that is one of the biggest plus sides of the Indian education system, no matter which part of the country you are in, or which caste you belong to, your kids will still get the education they need to succeed in life.

4. Diversity in Educational Boards

Of course, there are several educational boards out there, like CBSE and ICSE, and let’s not forget the open universities. Now, what does this mean for students? It’s essentially a plethora of choices. Whether it’s the structured approach of CBSE or the flexibility of open universities, students have the luxury of picking what suits them best.

5. Technological Advancements in Education

Moving on to the technological aspects. Education has dramatically shifted towards the future, thanks to technology. Gone are the days when it was all about textbooks and blackboards. Now, digital tools and online resources are becoming more mainstream. This technological transformation is doing more than just making education accessible; it’s also significantly simplifying all the administrative tasks that go on in the background.

Education System in India Disadvantages

Alright, enough with the oh-so-good stuff. Now’s the time to finally take a look at why so many people criticize the Indian education system, shall we?

1. Sky-High Costs Limiting Education Access

In India, yes, education’s definitely on the rise, but still, it’s pretty out of reach for many. But what’s the actual problem, why education isn’t still accessible for many in the country? Well, it’s actually the cost, it’s just too steep, especially for families barely making ends meet. Just think about it for a sec, for people barely making ends meet, having their kids attend school can be a huge financial load.

2. School Quality

Now, about government schools. Why government schools specifically though? Well, you see, in our country, government schools are the worst, well typically. And why exactly is that? The thing is, the funding of these schools often ends up in the pockets of corrupt people, and yeah, the teachers also don’t have the skill set to teach kids. And then we wonder why people in India don’t send their kids to government schools.

3. Rote Learning

And yeah, it is a 100% true that our schools are big on getting kids to memorize, not to really think. If you are wondering, well, we are talking about rote learning stuff. But what about the creativity that kids have in them? Well, regrettably, that’s often left out. That results in kids ending up having knowledge, but not really knowing how to put that knowledge to use, or say, good use.

4. The Troubling Divide in Education

Can you believe it? Our education system, which should be the great equalizer, is actually divided by glaring inequalities. It’s pretty shocking but true. Now, let’s take a closer look at what’s happening. The richer crowd, the ones with all the privileges, they’re getting top-tier education. But the less fortunate, they’re left grappling in the shadows. And guess what’s adding fuel to the fire? Political interference.

5. The Digital Gap

Digital education sounds great on paper, right? But dig a little deeper, and you see the cracks. Not every kid has a laptop or Wi-Fi at home. Some don’t even have a quiet room to study. So, while some students are surfing the digital wave, others are barely keeping their heads above water.

6. Poverty and Education

Imagine trying to focus on algebra while you’re worried about where you’ll sleep tonight. These challenges, they’re like chains holding students back. We need to break these chains and give every kid a fair shot at education. It’s not just about textbooks and classrooms. It’s about giving hope, a chance to rise above the tough hand they’ve been dealt.

All in all, for sure there are many not-so-shiny sides of our education system right here in India, but we are slowly and steadily improving. But it won’t happen if the general public doesn’t even know about what’s good and bad with our education system. Right?

Rahul Kumar is a passionate educator, writer, and subject matter expert in the field of education and professional development. As an author on CoursesXpert, Rahul Kumar’s articles cover a wide range of topics, from various courses, educational and career guidance.

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Indian school: Top Advantages of Indian Education System

The Indian School education system is the 11th largest in the world, with more than 100 million students enrolled in thousands of colleges and universities.

The education system in India is complex, with each state having its own official state education board/university governing body along with other local authorities responsible for regulating schools.

India has made strides in improving literacy rates and expanding access to primary and secondary education across top cities and towns in the country.

The history of education in India dates back thousands of years to ancient India. Some of the earliest known formal educational institutions date back to the Vedic period in India (1700-1300 BC).

The Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, had an embedded education system, with texts that were memorized by students since ages. Education was

imparted on the basis of what each student chose to specialize in, according to their interests, abilities and understanding.

The Indian education system has evolved tremendously over the years. The Indian School system has changed from a traditional and rote-based learning system to a more modern and innovative one. This article provides a brief overview of the best features of the modern Indian education system.

Best Features of the Modern Indian School Education System

The Indian education system is divided into 5 categories: Preschool education , Primary level education , Secondary level education , Senior secondary level education, and Graduate and above level education.

The first three levels are compulsory for all children aged 6 to 14 years. At the pre-primary level, children learn the basics such as alphabets, numbers and colors as well as social skills.

After their 10+2 (secondary schooling), a person can pursue bachelor, master and an alternative specialization degree in several fields of their selection.

There are government-funded schools and there are also private boards which conduct a high school or intermediate exams like the CBSE Board , ICSE, NOIS, etc, and there are international board curricula like the IB and the Cambridge IGCSE curriculum that many international schools provide.

Advantages of the Indian Education System

Modern education system of India has many advantages. Some are mentioned below which are the best part of the Indian education system.

Compulsory Education

Compulsory Education is one of the best features of the modern education system in India. Every child has to pass class 10th to get employment or higher studies. As a result, you will find that all poor children are getting equal opportunity to learn in school.

Affordable Fees Structure

The Fee structure of Indian schools is very much affordable when compared to other countries in the world. Due to this reason, every parent can fulfill their dream of giving their child the best education and a secure future.

Advancement in Teaching Methods

Teachers now discourage children from the rote-learning method and use new and improved ways to impart education. There are modern spaces inside state of the art campuses of school that enable children to engage in a more practical learning journey that will ensure they understand key concepts with ease.

Education is More Accessible Due to Technological Advancements

The pandemic has brought about a revolution in the field of education. There are new and innovative platforms where one can pursue higher education and the geographical constraints are not a factor anymore.

Technology has made it possible to provide virtual classes so that students complete their education on time.

Indian Syllabus Covers a Vast Area of Education

The modern curriculum comprises a holistic learning approach and doesn't just limit itself to core subjects. Schools now tend to focus more on acquiring skills in technology, communication, critical-thinking and problem solving.

There is also enough emphasis on cultural studies and society. These aspects help children understand the problems that many communities face and they get an idea as to how they can use their knowledge for the betterment of the same.

There is also equal emphasis on extracurricular activities and co-curricular activities to help build a student's personality and work upon his innate strengths.

High Schools in Bangalore Are More Inclined Towards Syncing Education To Global Standards

The curricula of top high schools in Bangalore are curated with unique pedagogies that aim at bringing a global standard in education to help students acquire diversity in their perspectives.

This has also eased transition into top universities across the globe and there is an increased amount of global acceptance of students from the Indian Schools.

How can the Government and other stakeholders in the education industry improve the system to make India one of the best countries to pursue education.

● The government should actively take part in the upliftment of pre-primary and primary schools and extend the number of schools to include every small village in the country.

● There should be more scholarships introduced in private schools and financially weak people should be provided with educational loans at low interest rates to enable their children to pursue higher education.

● Parents who belong to the lower strata of society should be educated about the Do's and Don'ts of their child's upbringing. They should be guided with the right information as to how and where to pursue the right kind of education for their children.

Also Read: What are the Sensory Board Ideas for Toddlers?

Not just high schools in Bangalore, but education of all levels has the true potential to reach great heights all over the country.

India already has the world's largest higher education system with over 1000 universities and its presence in the global education arena will ensure that it reaches newer heights, making education in India one of the best things for its school going children and its youth population.

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The Modern Education System in India Advantages

| March 5, 2024

The Indian education system has evolved significantly over the years, adapting to changing times, technology, and societal needs. In this article, we’ll explore the modern education system in India advantages and how it differs from ancient and medieval educational practices.

1. Widely Available to Aspiring Students

Unlike ancient and medieval education, the modern education system is more widely accessible to people from all walks of life. Schools today aim to prepare students for the real world and meet the demands of various sectors. Thanks to advancements in technology, education is no longer limited to a privileged few. Students have greater access to quality education in urban or rural areas.

2. Embracing Cultural Heritage

The Indian education system ensures that students gain knowledge not only in core subjects but also about the rich cultural heritage of India. By learning about our history, traditions, and diverse cultural practices, students develop a deeper understanding of their roots. This cultural awareness fosters a sense of identity and pride.

3. Career Guidance and Choices

Modern education emphasizes career readiness. Students are exposed to various career paths, allowing them to make informed choices. Vocational training, skill development, and exposure to different fields help students identify their interests and strengths. This focus on practical skills equips them for the workforce.

4. English Proficiency

English is a compulsory subject in the Indian education system. While some debate its prominence, there’s no denying that English proficiency enhances employability. In a globalized world, English serves as a bridge for communication, trade, and collaboration. Students who are fluent in English have an advantage in the job market.

5. Global Recognition of Indian Degrees:

Indian degrees are widely recognized and respected globally. The education system follows international standards, and many Indian universities consistently rank among the top in various global rankings. This recognition opens doors for Indian students to pursue further studies or employment opportunities abroad, contributing to the country’s global presence.

Challenges and the Way Forward

Despite these advantages, the modern Indian education system ( https://seepositive.in/education/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-the-indian-education-system/ ) faces challenges. For instance:

Teacher-Student Relationships : In traditional systems, students often have a close bond with their teachers. The modern system sometimes lacks this personal connection.
Test-Centric Approach : Schools focus excessively on exams, leading to stress and rote learning.
Technology Dependency : While technology enhances learning, overreliance can hinder critical thinking.

To improve the system, we must strike a balance between tradition and innovation. Encouraging interactive teaching methods, promoting creativity, and addressing individual learning needs are essential steps. Additionally, schools should emphasize holistic development, including emotional intelligence and life skills.

Positive takeaway

The modern Indian education system has come a long way, offering opportunities to a diverse student population. The education system in India ( https://seepositive.in/education/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-the-indian-education-system/ ) offers numerous advantages that contribute to the overall development of individuals and the nation. By addressing its challenges and fostering a holistic approach, we can create a more effective and inclusive educational environment.

Rishika Choudhury

Content writer, budget 2024: new plans for india towards net zero target, नव दुर्गा: नव संचार, upsc result: बस्तर की जिज्ञासा बनीं ias, मिला 681वीं रैंक, upsc result 2023: who is female topper of civil services exam 2023, v.s. ramadevi: भारत की पहली महिला चुनाव आयुक्त कौन थीं, surya tilak technique for ram temple: the science behind the divine sunlight blessing.

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Structure of Teacher Education System in India: Its Merits and Limitations

Back to: Teacher Education: Pre-Service & In-Service

Teacher Education = Teaching Skills + Teaching Objectives + Teaching Culture (Social, Logical value)

W.H. Kilpatrick states,

“Teacher education encompasses teaching skills, sound pedagogical theory, and professional skills.”

Teacher education can be regarded as a continuous process and it is broad and comprehensive. “Teacher is the most important element in any educational program,” the establishment of quality education is determined by the determination of a teacher. The teachers are required to acquire adequate knowledge, skills, interest, and the right attitude towards the teaching profession. Their work has been more complex regarding new theories of psychology, philosophy, sociology, modern media, and materials. Therefore teacher education is a program that enables the teachers to be well equipped for their profession.

Structure of Teacher Education System in India

The structure of teacher education is multidimensional and multi-layer. India has revised the structure of teacher education several times. However, currently, there are two main types of teacher education programs which are as follows:

Pre-service teacher education

It refers to the program that prepares teachers to teach from pre-primary to higher education level before joining the professional field of teaching. It is the first phase of teacher education and is imparted in formal and informal modes too. There are two main types of pre-service teacher education programs which are as follows:

● General teacher education

● Physical teacher education

In-service teacher education

It refers to the program which is related to the professional development of teachers who have already entered the professional field of teaching. It is imparted in formal as well as the informal mode and is a short-term course. In-service education includes the following programs:

● Induction program

● Refresher course

● Conference

In-service and pre-service teacher education are the two main types of teacher education programmes in India. However, there is a lack of quality and uniformity in the programs at different levels across India. In-service programs receive less focus and the pre-service programs must be minimized to improve quality and increase productivity.

Merits of the structure of the teacher education

Merits of the structure of the teacher education system in India:

Better Planning: It enables teachers to plan and deliver instructions effectively as per the learning needs of all students regardless of their developmental and cognitive levels, and learning styles.
Better Organisation: It also enables teachers to organize the classroom environment and manage it better for maximum academic performance.
Better Classroom Management: It enables teachers to manage the skills interactions in the classroom in a better manner to create a conducive and safe learning environment for the student’s academic success.
Develops Cooperation: It also develops the skills of cooperation among teachers so that they can collaborate with students, parents, and other colleagues of the school community with cooperation.
Dynamic Classroom Environment: It enables the teacher to create a dynamic classroom environment facilitated by effective and positive communication between students, teachers, parents, and other school community members.

Limitations of the structure of the Teacher Education System

Limitations of the structure of the teacher education system in India:

Lack Of Facilities For Professional Development: Some institutions may have inadequate resources and facilities necessary for the successful completion of the pre-service teacher training course.
Lack Of Regulations: There may also be a lack of regulations to check on the disciplinary actions of the pre-service teachers under training.
Negative attitude: Some pre-service teachers may have a negative attitude towards the training as they may have entered the course without any consideration of personal interest
Lack Of Motivation: Lack of secure employment opportunities after the completion of the pre-service training course may also lead the teachers to lose motivation to complete the course.
Lack Of Monitoring: There is a lack of monitoring efforts when it comes to teacher-education institutions across India due to which there may be a negative impact on the quality of training.

According to the International Encyclopedia of teaching and teacher education (1987), the pre-service and in-service components of teacher education are complementary to each other. In-service and pre-service teacher education are the two main types of teacher education programs in India. However, there is a lack of quality and uniformity in the programs at different levels across India. In-service programs receive less focus and the pre-service programs must be minimized to improve quality and increase productivity.

Merits and Demerits of Present System of Examination in India

Back to: Measurement and Evaluation in Education B.ed Notes, M.A Notes, IGNOU Notes and Graduation Notes

There are many aspects of the Indian educational system that, at first appearance, appear to be flawed. The first issue is that not every child in India has access to schooling. In terms of things like quality and amenities, there is also the widening disparity between government-owned institutions and private ones. One matter, though, has eluded the attention of all parties involved—the general public, the authorities, the professors, and maybe even the students—and that is India’s test system.

Advantages of Present Education System in India in Points

Exams now have a significant amount of weight in the Indian educational system. Exams are essential for students, and there is no getting around it. There is currently no other machine on the horizon to evaluate the pupils’ qualities impartially.
Not all students are always eager types to pay attention to their classes and thoroughly prepare for them to gain fully from them. They are forced in this way by the examination system.
The examinees in the public examination are unfamiliar with the examiners. Examiners cannot be biassed in the course of their work reviewing the scripts, and exams allow for an open evaluation of the student’s abilities.
The examination’s greatest gift to a student is that it instils in him a passion for healthy competition. Without this spirit, a student would find it difficult to succeed in life.
A mediocre student may have a chance to perform better on the current test system than a very deserving one.

Demerits of Present Education System in India in Points

The way exams are administered is one of the main issues with the Indian educational system as it stands right now. The exam process has remained the same throughout the years: students reported to the exam room, took the test quickly, were instructed to do their best on the questions they were presented with, and then they awaited the results. It has frequently been seen that students who had been studying all year experienced exam-day nervousness or other issues and performed poorly, as opposed to those who had questions they were familiar with and performed well overall.
The main issue is that there is just too much chance involved in this situation; anything might happen, which could worry even the finest kids. These days, new procedures like midterm or semester exams and unit assessments are being established to address this issue. All of them are preferable because they provide kids with a more flexible schedule that enables them to pursue their primary talents, such as athletics and extracurricular activities like music or sketching. The main issue with this situation is that it pushes students to study for grades and retain information for a limited period only to lose it by the time the next test comes around.
The basic goal of education is to inform pupils and assist them in understanding the more valuable aspects of the knowledge being delivered to them. However, given the current emphasis on grades and marks, that seems to have been neglected. Instead of merely memorising information for a few days or months, the system must enable students to genuinely understand what they are being taught and internalise it. Compared to how things are now, it has to be more long-term. To accurately assess the pupils’ skills, it must also be practical.
A project-based or assignment-based system in which students are assigned work they may do at home and are given enough time to finish them, say a couple of days, could be one solution to this problem. This approach will guarantee that students put quality effort into their academics and remove any justification for failing. The second option would be to extend the major and minor system, which is currently in place at higher levels of school, to lower levels of education, such as the sixth standard.
Instead of forcing children to learn too much information that they might not utilise in the future, it is crucial to prepare them for it. Students transfer to what is known as a high school in India at the end of the sixth standard. At this point, the school can speak with the parents about the topics that their child has done well in, interview both them and the pupils, and advise the subject that they are most likely to flourish in going forward. They must, however, be given enough time to make a wise decision in this regard.
The recommendations could be based on the pupils’ current academic performance. He is free to study the other courses as well, but only as minor ones. Any marks earned in addition to those required to pass the subject will be added to the final grade. By doing this, it will be ensured that the kids appreciate what they are learning and that they are not subjected to excessive pressure to succeed in every topic. Questions about parental and peer pressure might not be present if one adopts a relaxed approach.
Few people are aware that India is among the top nations in the world for student suicide, and given the rapid-fire pace of modern life, things may only grow worse in a few years. Perhaps it is the responsibility of those in positions of authority in India, as well as of parents and teachers, to ensure that such incidents are rare and that the next generation pursues its passions rather than trying to achieve goals that are manifestly beyond their capacity, only to fail and perish in the process.
The current test system and its yardstick fall short of accurately assessing the merit of such a kid. A student with exceptional skill and intelligence cannot be restricted to the small world of his textbooks. His view is further away. On the other hand, a student could have mediocre merit. However, he makes accurate estimates about the likely questions and neatly copies them in the exam. His outcomes might be pretty alluring. The current Indian test system gave rise to this paradox.
An examinee must respond to a fair number of questions under the current method in a short amount of time. He sees no room in his notion or way of thinking to respond. He crams the teachings and solutions from memory as a necessary result. The actual evaluation of merit thus becomes a distant cry.
In a relatively short amount of time, the examiners must look over a lot of scripts. They are also expected to rush through the standard evaluation of the response scripts and not do it justice. In certain cases, the job also reflects the examiners’ feelings under different conditions.

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Indian education system merits and demerits

Discussion in ' Education ' started by bharat , Oct 12, 2012 .

bharat New Member

Indian Education system like any other system, comes with both merit and demerits. Some of the merits and demerits of the Indian education system are: Merits: Indian education system offers world-class education and provides students with knowledge of every subject. Indian Education system has reduced the number of illiterates in India It provides holistic education Indian Education system has helped to change the Indian society to a great extent. Demerits: India education system does not provide practical knowledge. It does not provide employment opportunities The quality of education is not very good as India is a vast country. What according to you are the merits and demerits of Indian education system?

traveller New Member

Indian education system like any other education system comes with various merits and demerits. One of the biggest demerits of Indian education system is that it lacks proper infrastructure and this leading to various other problems that the Indian education system is facing. The other demerits of it is that it does not use modern methods of teaching and lack of well-trained teachers in the primary level. Moreover, the cost of education is extremely high for higher-education and most people cannot afford it. However, it also has some merits. It provides a wide range of subjects which helps students to learn. It helps us know about various cultures and traditions of India as well as incarcerates moral values.

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Some of the merits and demerits of the Indian education system are: Indian education system offers world-class education and provides students with knowledge of every subject. Indian Education system has helped to change the Indian society to a great extent. India education system does not provide practical knowledge.