reported speech in imperative sentences

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Reported Speech Imperatives

Reported speech imperatives differ in structure to other reported speech sentences.

Imperatives are:

• Commands: Keep quiet!
• Requests: Please close the window
• Advice: Go and lie down
• Suggestions: Take the test next year instead

This is the structure that we use:

Structure: reporting verb (e.g. ask, tell)   + noun/pronoun +  to infinitive 

Example: She asked me   to come  later

Here are some further examples using the imperative sentences above, showing them in direct speech and indirect speech.

Direct Speech:

• She said, "Keep quiet!"
• "Please close the window", the teacher said
• He told her, "Go and lie down"
• She said, "Take the test next year instead"

Reported Speech:

• She instructed me to keep quiet
• The teacher asked me to close the window
• He told her to go and lie down
• She advised them to take the test next year instead

Reporting Verbs for Imperatives

In normal reported speech, the common reporting verbs are said and told . For instance:

• She said she was tired
• He told me I should come tomorrow

There are many more, however, that are used with reported speech imperatives. Some are for orders while others are for polite requests.

Polite Request

Here are some more examples of reported speech imperatives using these verbs:

Polite Requests

• My doctor  advised  me to sleep more
• The government  urged  the people to use less water
• She asked me to join her on holiday
• They  reminded  us to put our seat belts on
• He  requested  the guests to vacate their rooms
• He begs her to stay
• John told his brother to change direction
• My boss  orders  me to work harder
• She instructed them to learn the alphabet
• The general  commanded his  soldiers to obey
• The sign  forbade  them to enter

Suggest / demand / insist as Reported Verbs

Suggest  / demand / insist can be used as reported verb for imperatives; however, they do not follow the same pattern as above. That is because the structure for using them is as follows:

• Suggest  /  demand / insis t  + that + someone

So this is how reported speech with these verbs will look:

• Direct Speech: She said, "Study harder to pass your test"
• Reported Speech: She suggested that I study harder to pass my test
• Direct Speech:  He said, "Take a taxi home"
• Reported Speech:  He insisted that we take a taxi home

You can't say:

• She suggested me to study harder X
• He insisted us to take a taxi home X

Negative Imperatives in Reported Speech

When we want to make an imperative reported speech sentence negative, we simply add in not before the ' to infinitive ': 

Negative Imperatives in Reported Speech

Structure: reporting verb  + noun/pronoun + not +  to infinitive 

Example: She advised me   not  to come late

Here are some examples of direct speech changed into indirect speech using negative imperatives.

• She said, "Don't keep talking!"
• "Please don't study too hard", the teacher said
• He told her, "Don't wait up for me"
• The doctor said, "Don't over eat" 
• She instructed us not to keep keep talking
• The teacher asked them  not to study to hard
• He urged me not to wait up for him
• The doctor advised me not to over eat

More on Reported Speech:

Examples of Direct and Indirect Speech

In these examples of direct and indirect speech you are given a sentence in direct speech which is then connected to indirect speech.

Direct and Indirect Speech: The differences explained

Direct and indirect speech are different because in direct speech the exact words said are spoken, but in indirect or reported speech, we are reporting what was said, usually using the past tense.

Reported Speech Quiz - Practice forming indirect speech

This reported speech quiz gives you the chance to practice converting direct speech to reported speech, also known as indirect speech. This involves backshifting with the tenses.

Reported Speech Tenses Chart: How to convert tenses

Reported speech tenses may differ from the tense of the direct speech. The general rule for tenses in reported speech is that it changes to the past tense. This is called backshifting.

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• Reported Speech /

Imperative Reported Speech with Examples & Practise Exercises

• Updated on  
• Jan 9, 2024

Imperative Reported Speech: When studying English grammar , the candidate needs to have all the knowledge about imperative reported speech. By doing so, they will be able to construct sentences in a much better way. Imperative sentences in reported speech are used to give commands. In this blog, you will read about imperative reported speech which will help you learn about this concept. 

This Blog Includes:

What is an imperative sentence, what is imperative reported speech, imperative reported speech with verb from direct to indirect speech, imperative reported speech exercise 1, imperative reported speech exercise 2.

An imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives commands or makes requests. These sentences usually take the form of the subjectless verb. The tone is often forceful, commanding and direct. 

Also Read: Imperative Sentence Passive Voice

Imperative in reported speech is a little bit different from regular sentences. They are generally used when one gives orders and we can also use them to make requests. 

In imperatives, we use “ask/tell somebody to do something.”

Reported speech imperatives differ in structure from other reported speech sentences. Some imperatives including examples are given here:  

Commands : Keep low!

Requests : Please close the gate

Advice : Move and lie down

Suggestions : Take the pill the next day instead

Below given examples below show how imperative is used in reported speech.

Imperative: “Come here.”

Reported Speech: She told me to come here.

Also Read: Active and Passive Voice: Rules, Examples & Exercise

An imperative sentence always indicates a command, advice or a request. Therefore, we must use appropriate verbs according to advice, command or request. Here is a list of verbs used to change direct speech into indirect speech as provided in the table below:

Another main key point in ‘tell’ is often used to express a ‘command’, ‘order’ or ‘request’. Therefore, it is safe to use ‘tell’ in the indirect form when there is doubt about a proper word to introduce a reported speech. 

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

• My brother said, “Would you like to have tea with me?”
• He said to his teacher, “Please explain this poem to me.”
• “Come quickly”, he shouted, “and help me as I am in grave danger.”
• The saint said to the pupils, “Be quiet and listen to me carefully.”
• “Be punctual from tomorrow,” my teacher said, “otherwise I will complain to the Principal.”

Also Read: Tenses Rules: Charts, Examples, Types [PDF Available]

Rewrite each sentence into reported speech.

• Grandma said to me, “Please fetch my glasses.”
• The librarian said to us, “Return the books in a month.”
•  I said to the agent, ”Please book two tickets for America.”
•  Andrew said, ”I’ll have a chicken sandwich and some coffee.”
• He said, ”Fasten your seat belts.”

Check Your Answers:

• Grandma asked me to kindly fetch her glasses.
• The librarian told us to return the books in a month.
• I requested the agent to book two tickets for America.
• Andrew asked for a chicken sandwich and some coffee.
• He asked us to fasten our seat belts.

Also Read: Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises For Class 8 

More Blogs on Reported Speech!

An example of an imperative in a reported speech are: He instructed me to keep quiet. The driver asked me to close the window of the bus.

To report an imperative, one can do so by using an infinitive along with a reporting verb. These will include tell, order instruct, win or direct.

In imperative speech, the sentence that expresses an advice, request or order is called an imperative speech.

To advance your grammar knowledge and read more informative blogs, check out our Learn English page and don’t forget to follow Leverage Edu .

Malvika Chawla

Malvika is a content writer cum news freak who comes with a strong background in Journalism and has worked with renowned news websites such as News 9 and The Financial Express to name a few. When not writing, she can be found bringing life to the canvasses by painting on them.

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Direct and Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentences

Discover how to change Direct and Indirect speech of Imperative sentences into statements, maintaining proper punctuation. In addition,  get the use of reporting verbs , change word orde r, and at the same time use appropriate tone to convey the meaning of the original sentence for the direct and indirect speech of Imperative sentences.

Imperative Sentence

An imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives a command or makes a request. It typically takes the

form of a subjectless verb , and the tone is often forceful, direct, and commanding. For examples,

• “Close the door.” 
• “Please pass the salt.”

Identify Imperative Sentences to Change Direct Speech to Indirect Speech.

(a) Basically, the subject will be “you” and it is not written in the sentence, but it remains in understood condition. 

(b) On the other hand, such sentences imply someone to advise, to order, or to request.

• Direct: Mother said to me,  “(You) Don’t run in the sun.”
• Indirect: Mother advised me not to run in the sun.
• Direct :  Bina said to me, “Bina said to me go and fetch a glass of water.”
• Indirect: Bina told (asked/ordered/requested) me to go and fetch a glass of water.

Verbs with Imperative Sentences from Direct to Indirect Speech.

An imperative sentence always indicates a command, request, or advise. In order that we have to use appropriate Verbs according to command, request, or advise. A list of verbs used to change direct speech into indirect speech provides in the table below:

Another key point is that ‘Tell ’ may often be used to express a ‘request’, ‘order, or ‘command’. As a result, it is often safer to use ‘ tell ’ in the indirect form when there is doubt about the proper word to introduce the Reported Speech.

People also Search:

Rules: Direct and Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentences.

In indirect narration imperative sentence rules , the introductory or the Reporting Verb of an Imperative sentence expressing command, request, or desire transforms into an appropriate verb that expresses the intended meaning – tell, ask, request, order, command, beg, entreat, advise, implore.

First, look at the sentence given in the reported speech under Direct Narration.

In Indirect Narration, the Verb of the Reported Speech in an Imperative Sentence is changed into the Infinitive [ to + V( Base Form ) ]

If the Reported Speech is Negative, the word “ not ” is used in Indirect Narration before the Infinitive ( not + to )

Expressions like ‘Please, Sir, Madam, etc are omitted in Indirect Narration, and their sense is expressed by adding adverbs like ‘politely’, ‘kindly’, ‘respectfully’, etc.

A Nominative of Address or a Vocative is omitted in indirect narration. The verb is followed by the person addressed and the Infinitive.

When “Let” in the Direct Speech expresses a Proposal or Suggestion we may use “Should” or “Let” and change the Reporting Verb into proposing or suggest. [ It indicates Proposal or Suggestion]

When the Plural Form of Pronouns ( us etc ) is used after “Let”, [ Infinitive ( to + V)] is not used in Imperative Sentences beginning with “ Let.”

But when “ Let ” does not express a proposal, it should be changed into might or might be allowed to or into some other form and the Reporting Verb in Indirect Speech might be a wish, request, told, ordered, say, etc. according to the meaning or sense of the sentence. 

[ It  does not indicate Proposal or Suggestion When Singular Form of Pronoun ( me, him, etc ) is used after “Let” ] [ Infinitive ( to + V) is not used in Imperative Sentence beginning with “ Let.”

Changes of Persons in indirect narration have already been discussed on the previous page. Should be carefully studied.

Changes in Reporting Verb in Indirect Narration and the Verb of the reported speech in indirect narration also have been discussed in the General Rules section on the previous page. Should be carefully studied.

Direct and Indirect Speech Imperative Sentences Examples 2024

Note carefully the Changes in Imperative Sentences from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech.

Direct: Father said to me, “Go home at once.”

Indirect: Father ordered me to go home at once.

Direct: The teacher said to me, “Don’t come here.”

Indirect: The teacher ordered me not to go there. Or, The teacher forbade me to go there.

Direct: He said to me, ‘Please open the door.”

Indirect: He requested me to open the door. Or, He told me politely to open the door.

Direct: He said to me, ‘Please wait here till I return.”

Indirect: He requested me to wait there till he returned.

Direct: I said to him, “Please explain the passage.”

Indirect: I requested him to explain the passage.

Direct: mother said to him, “Don’t run in the sun.”

Indirect: The mother advised him not to run in the sun. Or. Mother forbade him to run in the sun.

Direct: He said, “Ram, go there.”

Indirect: He told Ram to go there.

Direct: He said, “Friends, lend me your ears.”

Indirect: Addressing them as friends, he requested them to lend him their ears.

Direct: He shouted, “Stop, you villain !”

Indirect : He shouted to the villain to stop.  Or,  He ordered the villain to stop.  Or,  Calling the man a villain, he ordered him to stop.

Narration of imperative sentences exercise and Answers

Change the narration from direct to indirect speech.

Direct: “Shut the window,” she commanded. Indirect: She commanded to shut the window.

Direct: “Please bring me a glass of water,” he requested. Indirect: He requested to bring him a glass of water.

Direct: “Don’t touch that,” she warned. Indirect: She warned not to touch that.

Direct: “Help me with this assignment,” he asked. Indirect: He asked for help with that assignment.

Direct: “Pass me the salt,” she said. Indirect: She asked to pass her the salt.

Direct: “Please don’t disturb him,” she requested. Indirect: She requested not to disturb him.

Direct: “Open the door,” he ordered. Indirect: He ordered to open the door.

Direct: “Don’t be late for the meeting,” she advised. Indirect: She advised not to be late for the meeting.

Direct: “Pass me the book,” he requested. Indirect: He requested to pass him the book.

Direct: “Don’t forget to call me tomorrow,” she reminded. Indirect: She reminded not to forget to call her the next day.

Imperative Sentences Narration Change Examples with ‘Let’

Direct: “Let’s go to the park,” he suggested. Indirect: He suggested going to the park.

Direct: “Let her finish the presentation,” she proposed. Indirect: She proposed that she finish the presentation.

Direct: “Let’s not waste any more time,” he insisted. Indirect: He insisted on not wasting any more time.

Direct: “Let me help you with that,” she offered. Indirect: She offered to help with that.

Direct: “Let’s have dinner together,” he suggested. Indirect: He suggested having dinner together.

Direct: “Let’s not forget to send the email,” she reminded. Indirect: She reminded not to forget to send the email.

Direct: “Let him borrow your book,” he suggested. Indirect: He suggested allowing him to borrow your book.

Direct: “Let’s finish the project by Friday,” she urged. Indirect: She urged to finish the project by Friday.

Direct: “Let’s try a different approach,” he proposed. Indirect: He proposed trying a different approach.

Direct: “Let’s take a break,” she suggested. Indirect: She suggested taking a break.

Workout Examples of Imperative Sentences

Direct: I said to him, “Excuse me, sir.”

Indirect: I begged him to excuse me.

Direct: I said to him, “Let us have some music.”

Indirect: I proposed or suggested to him that we should have some music.

Direct: He said to his companions, “Let us not miss this chance.”

Indirect: He proposed (suggested) to his companions that they should not miss that chance.

Direct: We said, “Let him tell the story.”

Indirect: We said that he might (or might be allowed to) tell the story.

Direct: She said, Let him eat whatever he likes.”

Indirect: She said that he might (or might be allowed to) eat whatever he liked.

Direct: He said, “Let me come in.”

Indirect: He requested that he might be allowed to come in.

Exercises : Direct and Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentences

Change the following from Direct to Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentence 

1. He said to me. “Put out the light.”

2. Mother said, “Don’t idle away your time.”

3. The beggar said to the man, “Please help me with money.”

4. The teacher said, “Boys, don’t make noise in the class.”

5. “Be not afraid, noble prince”, said the philosopher.

6. The old man said, “Take care of yourself, little girl.”

7. He said to me, “Let me do my work.” 

8. He said, “Lie down, Tom.” 

9. He said, “Oil your own machine.”

10. The general said to his troops, “Capture the fort.”

11. The teacher said to me, “Don’t read so fast.”

12. The girl said to the woman, “Please excuse me, madam.”

13. Kaberi said to Raman, “Let me live in peace.”

14. He said, “Let me have my own way.”

15. The thirsty man said to the woman, “Bring me a glass of water.”

16. Mother said to the boy, “Come here soon.”

17. You said to me, “Follow me cautiously.”

18. He said to you, “Don’t look behind.”

19. Madam said to Della, “Take off your hat.”

20. Father said to Casabianca, “Do not leave the deck till I come back,”

Worksheet Imperative Sentence

Turn the following sentences into Indirect Speech :

(1) Father said, My son, “Don’t give up hope.”

(2) Mother said to the daughter, “Get ready to receive the guests.”

(3) The sergeant said to the constables, “Run after the miscreants.”

(4) The boy said to the pedestrian, “Please help me to get out of the trap.”

(5) The teacher said to the boys, “Read silently.”

(6) The secretary of the club said to the members, “Let us raise a fund to help flood victims.”

(7) The students said, “Let us play a friendly football match.”

(8) The grandmother said to the grandchildren, “Let me tell you a folk tale.”

(9) He said, “Let me do this sum.”

(10) You said to me, “Let me go with you.”

(11) She said, “Let me try it again.”

(12) They said, “Let us pray for Mother Teresa.”

(13) The monk said to us, “Give up bad habits.”

(14) Father said to me, “Do not tell a lie.”

(15) The master said to the servant, “Pack up the things in the bag.”

(16) The girl said to her mother, “Please forgive me for my misbehavior.”

(17) You said to me, “Let us take a holy dip in the Ganges.”

Related Posts:

Reported Speech: Imperatives

Imperatives in reported speech are a little different than sentences. Imperatives can be used when we give orders and we can also use them to make requests.

For imperatives, we use “ask/tell somebody to do something”.

Compare these two sentences and how they are used in reported speech.

Statement: “It is good.”

Reported Speech: He said that it is good.

Imperative: “Come here.”

Reported Speech: She told me to come here.

So, we use “ask/tell + to + verb” to report a command or imperative.

• “Be quiet.” The teacher told the students to be quiet.
• “Sit down.” My boss told me to sit down.
• “Wake up early.” She told me to wake up early.
• “Please stop it.” He asked her to please stop it.
• “Bring it, please.” He asked her to bring it, please.

Note: Use “tell” for orders and use “ask” for polite requests.

For negative imperatives, we use “not to + verb”. However, you will often hear native speakers say “to + not + verb”.

• “Don’t do that.” She told me not to do that.
• “Do not talk.” She told us not to talk.
• “Please do not be late.” She asked me not to be late.
• “Don’t be noisy.” I told her not to be noisy.

Note: Did you see the difference with negative imperatives with adjectives? Look at the last two examples. We leave out the verb “do”.

Make sure that you understand this English grammar well. It is important to know if you want to speak English fluently.

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Reported Speech – Rules, Examples

| Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.

They say gossip is a natural part of human life. That’s why language has evolved to develop grammatical rules about the “he said” and “she said” statements. We call them reported speech.

Every time we use reported speech in English, we are talking about something said by someone else in the past. Thinking about it brings me back to high school, when reported speech was the main form of language!

Learn all about the definition, rules, and examples of reported speech as I go over everything. I also included a worksheet at the end of the article so you can test your knowledge of the topic.

What Does Reported Speech Mean?

Reported speech is a term we use when telling someone what another person said. You can do this while speaking or writing.

There are two kinds of reported speech you can use: direct speech and indirect speech. I’ll break each down for you.

A direct speech sentence mentions the exact words the other person said. For example:

• Kryz said, “These are all my necklaces.”

Indirect speech changes the original speaker’s words. For example:

• Kryz said those were all her necklaces.

When we tell someone what another individual said, we use reporting verbs like told, asked, convinced, persuaded, and said. We also change the first-person figure in the quotation into the third-person speaker.

Reported Speech Examples

We usually talk about the past every time we use reported speech. That’s because the time of speaking is already done. For example:

• Direct speech: The employer asked me, “Do you have experience with people in the corporate setting?”

Indirect speech: The employer asked me if I had experience with people in the corporate setting.

• Direct speech: “I’m working on my thesis,” I told James.

Indirect speech: I told James that I was working on my thesis.

Reported Speech Structure

A speech report has two parts: the reporting clause and the reported clause. Read the example below:

• Harry said, “You need to help me.”

The reporting clause here is William said. Meanwhile, the reported clause is the 2nd clause, which is I need your help.

What are the 4 Types of Reported Speech?

Aside from direct and indirect, reported speech can also be divided into four. The four types of reported speech are similar to the kinds of sentences: imperative, interrogative, exclamatory, and declarative.

Reported Speech Rules

The rules for reported speech can be complex. But with enough practice, you’ll be able to master them all.

Choose Whether to Use That or If

The most common conjunction in reported speech is that. You can say, “My aunt says she’s outside,” or “My aunt says that she’s outside.”

Use if when you’re reporting a yes-no question. For example:

• Direct speech: “Are you coming with us?”

Indirect speech: She asked if she was coming with them.

Verb Tense Changes

Change the reporting verb into its past form if the statement is irrelevant now. Remember that some of these words are irregular verbs, meaning they don’t follow the typical -d or -ed pattern. For example:

• Direct speech: I dislike fried chicken.

Reported speech: She said she disliked fried chicken.

Note how the main verb in the reported statement is also in the past tense verb form.

Use the simple present tense in your indirect speech if the initial words remain relevant at the time of reporting. This verb tense also works if the report is something someone would repeat. For example:

• Slater says they’re opening a restaurant soon.
• Maya says she likes dogs.

This rule proves that the choice of verb tense is not a black-and-white question. The reporter needs to analyze the context of the action.

Move the tense backward when the reporting verb is in the past tense. That means:

• Present simple becomes past simple.
• Present perfect becomes past perfect.
• Present continuous becomes past continuous.
• Past simple becomes past perfect.
• Past continuous becomes past perfect continuous.

Here are some examples:

• The singer has left the building. (present perfect)

He said that the singers had left the building. (past perfect)

• Her sister gave her new shows. (past simple)
• She said that her sister had given her new shoes. (past perfect)

If the original speaker is discussing the future, change the tense of the reporting verb into the past form. There’ll also be a change in the auxiliary verbs.

• Will or shall becomes would.
• Will be becomes would be.
• Will have been becomes would have been.
• Will have becomes would have.

For example:

• Direct speech: “I will be there in a moment.”

Indirect speech: She said that she would be there in a moment.

Do not change the verb tenses in indirect speech when the sentence has a time clause. This rule applies when the introductory verb is in the future, present, and present perfect. Here are other conditions where you must not change the tense:

• If the sentence is a fact or generally true.
• If the sentence’s verb is in the unreal past (using second or third conditional).
• If the original speaker reports something right away.
• Do not change had better, would, used to, could, might, etc.

Changes in Place and Time Reference

Changing the place and time adverb when using indirect speech is essential. For example, now becomes then and today becomes that day. Here are more transformations in adverbs of time and places.

• This – that.
• These – those.
• Now – then.
• Here – there.
• Tomorrow – the next/following day.
• Two weeks ago – two weeks before.
• Yesterday – the day before.

Here are some examples.

• Direct speech: “I am baking cookies now.”

Indirect speech: He said he was baking cookies then.

• Direct speech: “Myra went here yesterday.”

Indirect speech: She said Myra went there the day before.

• Direct speech: “I will go to the market tomorrow.”

Indirect speech: She said she would go to the market the next day.

Using Modals

If the direct speech contains a modal verb, make sure to change them accordingly.

• Will becomes would
• Can becomes could
• Shall becomes should or would.
• Direct speech: “Will you come to the ball with me?”

Indirect speech: He asked if he would come to the ball with me.

• Direct speech: “Gina can inspect the room tomorrow because she’s free.”

Indirect speech: He said Gina could inspect the room the next day because she’s free.

However, sometimes, the modal verb should does not change grammatically. For example:

• Direct speech: “He should go to the park.”

Indirect speech: She said that he should go to the park.

Imperative Sentences

To change an imperative sentence into a reported indirect sentence, use to for imperative and not to for negative sentences. Never use the word that in your indirect speech. Another rule is to remove the word please . Instead, say request or say. For example:

• “Please don’t interrupt the event,” said the host.

The host requested them not to interrupt the event.

• Jonah told her, “Be careful.”
• Jonah ordered her to be careful.

Reported Questions

When reporting a direct question, I would use verbs like inquire, wonder, ask, etc. Remember that we don’t use a question mark or exclamation mark for reports of questions. Below is an example I made of how to change question forms.

• Incorrect: He asked me where I live?

Correct: He asked me where I live.

Here’s another example. The first sentence uses direct speech in a present simple question form, while the second is the reported speech.

• Where do you live?

She asked me where I live.

Wrapping Up Reported Speech

My guide has shown you an explanation of reported statements in English. Do you have a better grasp on how to use it now?

Reported speech refers to something that someone else said. It contains a subject, reporting verb, and a reported cause.

Don’t forget my rules for using reported speech. Practice the correct verb tense, modal verbs, time expressions, and place references.

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• English Grammar
• Reported Speech

Reported Speech - Definition, Rules and Usage with Examples

Reported speech or indirect speech is the form of speech used to convey what was said by someone at some point of time. This article will help you with all that you need to know about reported speech, its meaning, definition, how and when to use them along with examples. Furthermore, try out the practice questions given to check how far you have understood the topic.

Table of Contents

Definition of reported speech, rules to be followed when using reported speech, table 1 – change of pronouns, table 2 – change of adverbs of place and adverbs of time, table 3 – change of tense, table 4 – change of modal verbs, tips to practise reported speech, examples of reported speech, check your understanding of reported speech, frequently asked questions on reported speech in english, what is reported speech.

Reported speech is the form in which one can convey a message said by oneself or someone else, mostly in the past. It can also be said to be the third person view of what someone has said. In this form of speech, you need not use quotation marks as you are not quoting the exact words spoken by the speaker, but just conveying the message.

Now, take a look at the following dictionary definitions for a clearer idea of what it is.

Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.” The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as “speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as “the act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as “the words that you use to report what someone else has said.”

Reported speech is a little different from direct speech . As it has been discussed already, reported speech is used to tell what someone said and does not use the exact words of the speaker. Take a look at the following rules so that you can make use of reported speech effectively.

• The first thing you have to keep in mind is that you need not use any quotation marks as you are not using the exact words of the speaker.
• You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech.

• You can use verbs like said, asked, requested, ordered, complained, exclaimed, screamed, told, etc. If you are just reporting a declarative sentence , you can use verbs like told, said, etc. followed by ‘that’ and end the sentence with a full stop . When you are reporting interrogative sentences, you can use the verbs – enquired, inquired, asked, etc. and remove the question mark . In case you are reporting imperative sentences , you can use verbs like requested, commanded, pleaded, ordered, etc. If you are reporting exclamatory sentences , you can use the verb exclaimed and remove the exclamation mark . Remember that the structure of the sentences also changes accordingly.
• Furthermore, keep in mind that the sentence structure , tense , pronouns , modal verbs , some specific adverbs of place and adverbs of time change when a sentence is transformed into indirect/reported speech.

Transforming Direct Speech into Reported Speech

As discussed earlier, when transforming a sentence from direct speech into reported speech, you will have to change the pronouns, tense and adverbs of time and place used by the speaker. Let us look at the following tables to see how they work.

Here are some tips you can follow to become a pro in using reported speech.

• Select a play, a drama or a short story with dialogues and try transforming the sentences in direct speech into reported speech.
• Write about an incident or speak about a day in your life using reported speech.
• Develop a story by following prompts or on your own using reported speech.

Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written. Check them out.

• Santana said that she would be auditioning for the lead role in Funny Girl.
• Blaine requested us to help him with the algebraic equations.
• Karishma asked me if I knew where her car keys were.
• The judges announced that the Warblers were the winners of the annual acapella competition.
• Binsha assured that she would reach Bangalore by 8 p.m.
• Kumar said that he had gone to the doctor the previous day.
• Lakshmi asked Teena if she would accompany her to the railway station.
• Jibin told me that he would help me out after lunch.
• The police ordered everyone to leave from the bus stop immediately.
• Rahul said that he was drawing a caricature.

Transform the following sentences into reported speech by making the necessary changes.

1. Rachel said, “I have an interview tomorrow.”

2. Mahesh said, “What is he doing?”

3. Sherly said, “My daughter is playing the lead role in the skit.”

4. Dinesh said, “It is a wonderful movie!”

5. Suresh said, “My son is getting married next month.”

6. Preetha said, “Can you please help me with the invitations?”

7. Anna said, “I look forward to meeting you.”

8. The teacher said, “Make sure you complete the homework before tomorrow.”

9. Sylvester said, “I am not going to cry anymore.”

10. Jade said, “My sister is moving to Los Angeles.”

Now, find out if you have answered all of them correctly.

1. Rachel said that she had an interview the next day.

2. Mahesh asked what he was doing.

3. Sherly said that her daughter was playing the lead role in the skit.

4. Dinesh exclaimed that it was a wonderful movie.

5. Suresh said that his son was getting married the following month.

6. Preetha asked if I could help her with the invitations.

7. Anna said that she looked forward to meeting me.

8. The teacher told us to make sure we completed the homework before the next day.

9. Sylvester said that he was not going to cry anymore.

10. Jade said that his sister was moving to Los Angeles.

What is reported speech?

What is the definition of reported speech.

Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.” The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as “speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as “the act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as “the words that you use to report what someone else has said.”

What is the formula of reported speech?

You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech. Subject said that (report whatever the speaker said)

Give some examples of reported speech.

Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written.

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Imperatives in Reported Speech

Reported speech - lesson #4.

• "Be quiet." The teacher told the students to be quiet.
• "Sit down." My boss told me to sit down.
• "Wake up early." She told me to wake up early.
• "Please stop it." He asked her to please stop it.
• "Bring it, please." He asked her to bring it, please.
• "Don't do that." She told me not to do that.
• "Do not talk." She told us not to talk.
• "Please do not be late." She asked me not to be late.
• "Don't be noisy." I told her not to be noisy.

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Reported speech: indirect speech

Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their exact words. In indirect speech , the structure of the reported clause depends on whether the speaker is reporting a statement, a question or a command.

Indirect speech: reporting statements

Indirect reports of statements consist of a reporting clause and a that -clause. We often omit that , especially in informal situations:

The pilot commented that the weather had been extremely bad as the plane came in to land. (The pilot’s words were: ‘The weather was extremely bad as the plane came in to land.’ )

I told my wife I didn’t want a party on my 50th birthday. ( that -clause without that ) (or I told my wife that I didn’t want a party on my 50th birthday .)

Indirect speech: reporting questions

Reporting yes-no questions and alternative questions.

Indirect reports of yes-no questions and questions with or consist of a reporting clause and a reported clause introduced by if or whether . If is more common than whether . The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form:

She asked if [S] [V] I was Scottish. (original yes-no question: ‘Are you Scottish?’ )

The waiter asked whether [S] we [V] wanted a table near the window. (original yes-no question: ‘Do you want a table near the window? )

He asked me if [S] [V] I had come by train or by bus. (original alternative question: ‘Did you come by train or by bus?’ )

Questions: yes-no questions ( Are you feeling cold? )

Reporting wh -questions

Indirect reports of wh -questions consist of a reporting clause, and a reported clause beginning with a wh -word ( who, what, when, where, why, how ). We don’t use a question mark:

He asked me what I wanted.

Not: He asked me what I wanted?

The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form:

She wanted to know who [S] we [V] had invited to the party.

Not: … who had we invited …

Who , whom and what

In indirect questions with who, whom and what , the wh- word may be the subject or the object of the reported clause:

I asked them who came to meet them at the airport. ( who is the subject of came ; original question: ‘Who came to meet you at the airport?’ )

He wondered what the repairs would cost. ( what is the object of cost ; original question: ‘What will the repairs cost?’ )

She asked us what [S] we [V] were doing . (original question: ‘What are you doing?’ )

Not: She asked us what were we doing?

When , where , why and how

We also use statement word order (subject + verb) with when , where, why and how :

I asked her when [S] it [V] had happened (original question: ‘When did it happen?’ ).

Not: I asked her when had it happened?

I asked her where [S] the bus station [V] was . (original question: ‘Where is the bus station?’ )

Not: I asked her where was the bus station?

The teacher asked them how [S] they [V] wanted to do the activity . (original question: ‘How do you want to do the activity?’ )

Not: The teacher asked them how did they want to do the activity?

Questions: wh- questions

Indirect speech: reporting commands

Indirect reports of commands consist of a reporting clause, and a reported clause beginning with a to -infinitive:

The General ordered the troops to advance . (original command: ‘Advance!’ )

The chairperson told him to sit down and to stop interrupting . (original command: ‘Sit down and stop interrupting!’ )

We also use a to -infinitive clause in indirect reports with other verbs that mean wanting or getting people to do something, for example, advise, encourage, warn :

They advised me to wait till the following day. (original statement: ‘You should wait till the following day.’ )

The guard warned us not to enter the area. (original statement: ‘You must not enter the area.’ )

Verbs followed by a to -infinitive

Indirect speech: present simple reporting verb

We can use the reporting verb in the present simple in indirect speech if the original words are still true or relevant at the time of reporting, or if the report is of something someone often says or repeats:

Sheila says they’re closing the motorway tomorrow for repairs.

Henry tells me he’s thinking of getting married next year.

Rupert says dogs shouldn’t be allowed on the beach. (Rupert probably often repeats this statement.)

Newspaper headlines

We often use the present simple in newspaper headlines. It makes the reported speech more dramatic:

JUDGE TELLS REPORTER TO LEAVE COURTROOM

PRIME MINISTER SAYS FAMILIES ARE TOP PRIORITY IN TAX REFORM

Present simple ( I work )

Reported speech

Reported speech: direct speech

Indirect speech: past continuous reporting verb

In indirect speech, we can use the past continuous form of the reporting verb (usually say or tell ). This happens mostly in conversation, when the speaker wants to focus on the content of the report, usually because it is interesting news or important information, or because it is a new topic in the conversation:

Rory was telling me the big cinema in James Street is going to close down. Is that true?

Alex was saying that book sales have gone up a lot this year thanks to the Internet.

‘Backshift’ refers to the changes we make to the original verbs in indirect speech because time has passed between the moment of speaking and the time of the report.

In these examples, the present ( am ) has become the past ( was ), the future ( will ) has become the future-in-the-past ( would ) and the past ( happened ) has become the past perfect ( had happened ). The tenses have ‘shifted’ or ‘moved back’ in time.

The past perfect does not shift back; it stays the same:

Modal verbs

Some, but not all, modal verbs ‘shift back’ in time and change in indirect speech.

We can use a perfect form with have + - ed form after modal verbs, especially where the report looks back to a hypothetical event in the past:

He said the noise might have been the postman delivering letters. (original statement: ‘The noise might be the postman delivering letters.’ )

He said he would have helped us if we’d needed a volunteer. (original statement: ‘I’ll help you if you need a volunteer’ or ‘I’d help you if you needed a volunteer.’ )

Used to and ought to do not change in indirect speech:

She said she used to live in Oxford. (original statement: ‘I used to live in Oxford.’ )

The guard warned us that we ought to leave immediately. (original statement: ‘You ought to leave immediately.’ )

No backshift

We don’t need to change the tense in indirect speech if what a person said is still true or relevant or has not happened yet. This often happens when someone talks about the future, or when someone uses the present simple, present continuous or present perfect in their original words:

He told me his brother works for an Italian company. (It is still true that his brother works for an Italian company.)

She said she ’s getting married next year. (For the speakers, the time at the moment of speaking is ‘this year’.)

He said he ’s finished painting the door. (He probably said it just a short time ago.)

She promised she ’ll help us. (The promise applies to the future.)

Indirect speech: changes to pronouns

Changes to personal pronouns in indirect reports depend on whether the person reporting the speech and the person(s) who said the original words are the same or different.

Indirect speech: changes to adverbs and demonstratives

We often change demonstratives ( this, that ) and adverbs of time and place ( now, here, today , etc.) because indirect speech happens at a later time than the original speech, and perhaps in a different place.

Typical changes to demonstratives, adverbs and adverbial expressions

Indirect speech: typical errors

The word order in indirect reports of wh- questions is the same as statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order:

She always asks me where [S] [V] I am going .

Not: She always asks me where am I going .

We don’t use a question mark when reporting wh- questions:

I asked him what he was doing.

Not: I asked him what he was doing?

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Reporting imperatives

reporting verb + somebody + to-infinitive

When we report an imperative sentence or a request, we usually use a to -infinitive structure:

Mother: Put away your toys, Johnny . Johnny's mother told him to put away his toys .

Teacher: Everybody, please stand up. The teacher asked the class to stand up .

Examiner: Could you speak a bit louder? The examiner asked me to speak louder .

Examples of reporting verbs used to report imperatives and requests:

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Narration Change of Imperative Sentences

Back to: Direct and Indirect Speech (Narration)

Table of Contents

Introduction

The type of sentence which expresses order, request, command, advice, and warning is called imperative sentence. Imperative sentence is very much different from interrogative sentence which poses question. The conversion of imperative sentence depends on the mood of the sentence. Imperative sentence uses the second person ‘you’ as subject although the subject remains silent in the sentence. This types of sentence begins with a verb. In case of requests the adverb ‘please’ is used before the verb or at the end of the sentence. 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
He said to me, “Please, give me a pen.”	He requested me to give him a pen.
Dad said to my brother, “Work hard to succeed.”	Dad advised my brother to work hard to succeed.
Puja said to Rupa, “Do not touch my things.”	Reported Speech: Important Grammar Rules and Examples Reported speech is a very common aspect of the English language. You use it nearly every day, both in conversations and in writing. This reference covers key sections about reported speech, including what it is, examples, rules, and verb tense changes. You’ll also learn about modal verbs, changes in time and place, and different reporting verbs. Reported Speech What Is Reported Speech? Reported speech is simply when you tell somebody what someone else said. You can do this in your writing, or in speech. Reported speech is very different from  direct speech , which is when you show what somebody said  in the exact way that they said it . In reported speech though, you do not need to quote somebody directly. Instead, you use a reporting verb, such as ‘say’ or ‘ask’. These reporting verbs are used to report the speech to someone else. There are many different reporting verbs that can be used. In short, reported speech is the linguistic technique that you use to tell somebody what someone else’s  direct speech  was. In reported speech though, you may need to make certain changes to the grammar to make the sentence make sense. Some examples below highlight what needs to be changed. Reported Speech Examples When using reported speech, you are usually talking about the past. The verbs, therefore, usually have to be in the past too. For example : Direct speech:  I’ve lost my umbrella . Reported speech:  He said (that) he had lost his umbrella. Another example : Direct speech:  She is doing her homework . Reported speech:  He said (that) she was doing her homework. Table of Changes : Direct Speech Reported Speech I am He said he was I have She said she had I will They said they would Reported Speech Rules Verb tense changes in reported speech. When the reporting verb is in the present tense, only small changes are needed. Direct speech:  I like dogs. Reported speech:  She  says  she likes dogs. When the reporting verb is in the past tense, you need to change the tense of both the reporting verb and the main verb. Reported speech:  She  said  she  liked  dogs. The tenses generally move backward as follows: Direct Speech Reported Speech Past Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect (remains unchanged) For sentences about the future, you also need to change the future verbs. Direct speech:  I shall leave in a moment. Reported speech:  She said that she would leave in a moment. Here are the changes for future tenses: Direct Speech Reported Speech Will Would Will be Would be Will have Would have Will have been Would have been Modal Verbs and Reported Speech Modal verbs also change when used in reported speech. Direct Speech Reported Speech Can Could Could Could (unchanged) Have to Had to Must Must/Had to May Might Might Might (unchanged) Should Should (unchanged) Direct speech:  Will I see you later? Reported speech:  He asked if he  would  see me later. Some modal verbs do not need to change tense because they fit naturally. Direct speech:  I should go to the park. Reported speech:  He told me he  should  go to the park. Here are both correct and incorrect examples of reported speech for clarity: Reported speech:  He told  me  he should go to the park. Reported speech:  He said he should go to the park. Incorrect reported speech:  He told he should go to the park. Incorrect reported speech:  He said me he should go to the park. To correct these: Add ‘me’: He told  me  he should go to the park. Remove ‘me’ or add ‘to’: He said he should go to the park or He said  to  me he should go to the park. Direct and Indirect Speech Changes in time and place in reported speech. References to  time  and  place often need to change when you use indirect speech. Here is a useful guide to these changes: Direct Speech Indirect Speech Now Then Today That day Here There This That Tomorrow The following day/ The next day Next week The following week/ The week after Yesterday The previous day/ The day before Last week The previous week/ The week before Ago Previously/ Before Tonight That night No Change in Verb Tenses in Reported Speech In some cases,  verb tenses  do not change when you report speech indirectly. Here are the key instances: When the introductory verb is in the present , present perfect , or future . When the reported sentence deals with a  fact  or  general truth . When the reported sentence contains a  time clause . If the verb of the sentence is in the  unreal past  (the  second  or the  third conditional ). The  subjunctive  stays unchanged in the  subordinate clause . Had better ,  could ,  would ,  used to ,  should ,  might ,  ought to , and  mustn’t  remain unchanged. If the speaker reports  something immediately  or  soon after it was said . Reporting Verbs in Indirect Speech Reporting verbs are crucial in indirect speech. Here is a list categorized by their usage: Basic Verbs : Tell, say, ask Verb + that + clause : Complain, deny, explain, exclaim, remark, promise, boast, inform somebody, claim, agree, suggest Verb + to + infinitive : Agree, offer, refuse, demand, threaten, promise, claim Verb + indirect object + to + infinitive : Advise, allow, beg, command, encourage, forbid, invite, want, instruct, permit, urge, order, remind, warn Verb + “ing” form : Admit (to), accuse somebody of, apologize for, boast about/of, complain to somebody of, deny, insist on, suggest Verb + how : Explain to somebody Reported Questions When converting questions from direct to indirect speech, you follow rules similar to those for statements.  Verbs  used include inquire, wonder, want to know, ask. Reported Commands and Requests Commands and requests  in Indirect Speech are formed using the  to-infinitive  and  not to-infinitive . Common reporting verbs include order, shout, demand, warn, beg, command, tell, insist, beseech , threaten, implore, ask, propose, forbid. Pronoun and tense changes  are needed when shifting from direct to indirect speech. Reported Speech Video Latest Posts Active vs. Passive Voice Exercises – Active vs. Passive Voice Worksheet - December 25, 2023 Phrase Exercises – Phrase Worksheet - December 23, 2023 Sentence Exercises – Sentence Worksheet - December 23, 2023 Reported speech - 1 Reported speech - 2 Reported speech - 3 Worksheets - handouts Reported speech Exercises: imperatives. The teacher told us ... "Close the door." ... the door "Be quiet!" ... quiet. "Don't make noise here." ... noise there. "Do your work in pairs". ... our work in pairs. "Open your books". ... our books. "Don't talk to each other". ... to each other. "Come here". ... there. "Don't run in the corridor!" ... in the corridor. "Say it in English". ... it in English. "Don't go to the playground". ... to the playground.    Grammar Exercises Grammar Lessons Grammar Quizzes Mixed Tests PDF Worksheets Beginners Lessons Easy Worksheets Beginners Tests Reading Exercises Drag & Drop Grammar English For Kids Kids Word Games Picture Vocabulary Reading Tests Short Dialogues Short Sentences Closest in Meaning Irrelevant Sentence ESL Paragraphs GRE Reading Text Completion GRE Equivalence SAT Sentence Essay Writing Vocabulary Exercises Study Skills Tips Drag & Drop Vocab Reported Speech Imperatives Exercise See the video exercise. Try our latest video quizzes? Latest Video Exercises Subscribe Us Class-1 to 5 Class-6 to 10 Writing Skill IMPORTANT PAGE _Privacy Policy _Terms and Conditions _Disclaimer _Contact Us Imperative sentences in Indirect speech: rules and examples Post a Comment Social plugin, total pageviews. Recent Posts Popular posts. NOTICE WRITING - INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATION NOTICE WRITING - NOTICE REGARDING OFFICE CLOSURE DAILY USED SENTENCES WITH THE VERB *ATTEND* - 2 Dailyenglish 270 Descriptiveremarks 6 Grammar 382 Onlinetest 22 Storytime 3 Useofverbs 29 Writingskill 317 Recent in Fashion My English Path Online resources for English teachers and students Reported Speech (Imperatives) Quiz Try this quiz to test your understanding of reported speech of imperative sentences. Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences. Download quiz with answers in printable PDF. More resources on the Site: Reported Speech (Statements) Quiz Reported Speech (Questions) Quiz Reported Speech Grammar Explanations Share this: Share on Tumblr Search Our Site Google Slides for Teachers Grammar FAQs Best Grammar Websites for English Language Learners Privacy Policy Join our newsletter! Grammar explanations, quizzes, and tips in your inbox Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name: * Email: * Enter a valid email Submit We respect your privacy. Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentences You might know that an imperative sentence expresses ideas such command, request, advice, suggestion, allowance etc. To change such sentences into indirect speech we use to- infinitive or that clause and instead of the reporting verb ‘said’ we use the following reporting verbs: Advise, command, request, suggest, threaten, order, forbid, decree, propose, entreat, prompt, counsel, pardon, beg, persuade, instruct etc. Depending upon the nature of imperative sentence in reported speech. Direct speech:            He said to me, “Leave India.” Indirect speech:         RP + to + Verb 1 + ROTS         He told me  to leave India. He ordered me  to leave India. He advised me  to leave India. He threatened me  to leave India. He warned me to leave India.                           He informed me  to leave India. He notified me  to leave India. He begged me  to leave India. He requested me to leave India.                                           Indirect Speech of Negative Imperatives Direct speech:            He said to me, “Don`t stay here anymore.” Indirect speech:         RP + not to + Verb1 + ROTS He ordered me not to stay there anymore.   He advised me not to stay there anymore.   He threatened me not to stay there anymore.   He warned me not to stay there anymore.                                        He informed me not to stay there anymore.   He notified me not to stay there anymore.   Indirect Speech of Suggestions Direct speech:            She said, “let`s watch a movie.” Indirect speech:           She encouraged me to watch a movie with her.  Direct speech:            She said, “let`s eat out tonight.” Indirect speech:           She suggested eating out that night. Direct speech:            He said, “let`s sing a song together.” Indirect speech:         He proposed that we should sing a song together. Note: If the reporting verb is ‘suggested’ we use verb + ing or that clause not an infinitive. Indirect Speech of Exclamatory sentences Direct speech:            She said, “Wow! Pakistan won the cricket game.” Indirect speech:         She was so excited about Pakistan winning the cricket game.  Or          She exclaimed with happiness that Pakistan had won the cricket game. Direct speech:            He said, “Ops! Something went wrong with the internet.” Indirect speech:          He exclaimed with sorrow that something had gone wrong with the internet. Note: The verb forbid itself coveys a negative sense. Therefore, we don’t need to use not in indirect speech. Direct speech: I said to the students, ‘Do not make a noise.’ Indirect speech:  I forbade the students to make a noise. (Not I forbade the students no to make noise.) IMPORTANT: In order to change an imperative sentence into indirect speech we choose the reporting verb according to the nature of imperative sentence in direct speech. Therefore, you have to be careful when choosing a reporting verb. The poor man said to me, ‘Please help me.’  The poor man requested me to help him.  The teacher said to the students,’ respect elders.’ The teacher advised the students to respect elders.  He said to the customer, ‘ come in, please.’ He allowed/ asked the customer to come in.  The policeman said to the prisoner,’ Do not fight in the prison.’ The policeman warned the prisoner not to fight in the prison.  Share this: Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Related posts Active and passive voice of present perfect continuous, positive, comparative and superlative adverbs, direct and indirect of present perfect continuous tense. Thank you, Irshad Ali, hope it is helpful. Thank u so much,this article really helped me 🙂 You are welcome Zaira and it assisted you a lot. 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Cognitive experts have theories about why By Olivia Goldhill Aug. 7, 2024 I n a speech earlier this year, former President Trump was mocking President Biden’s ability to walk through sand when he suddenly switched to talking about the old Hollywood icon Cary Grant. “Somebody said he [Biden] looks great in a bathing suit, right? When he was in the sand and he was having a hard time lifting his feet through the sand, because you know, sand is heavy. They figure three solid ounces per foot. But sand is a little heavy. And he’s sitting in a bathing suit. Look, at 81, do you remember Cary Grant? How good was Cary Grant, right? I don’t think Cary Grant — he was good. I don’t know what happened to movie stars today,” he said at a March rally in Georgia. Trump went on to talk about contemporary actors, Michael Jackson, and border policies before returning to the theme of how Biden looks on the beach. advertisement This shifting from topic to topic, with few connections — a pattern of speech called tangentiality — is one of several disjointed and occasionally incoherent verbal habits that seem to have increased in Trump’s speech in recent years, according to interviews with experts in memory, psychology, and linguistics. STAT+ Exclusive Story Already have an account? Log in This article is exclusive to STAT+ subscribers Unlock this article — plus daily intelligence on capitol hill and the life sciences industry — by subscribing to stat+.. Totals $468 per year for 3 months, then $39/month Then $39/month Savings start at 25%! Annually per user $300 Annually per user Get unlimited access to award-winning journalism and exclusive events. About the Author Reprints Olivia goldhill. Investigative Reporter Olivia Goldhill works to hold corporations and public bodies to account, with a particular interest in reproductive health, mental health, and psychedelics. STAT encourages you to share your voice. We welcome your commentary, criticism, and expertise on our subscriber-only platform, STAT+ Connect To submit a correction request, please visit our Contact Us page . Recommended Recommended Stories Harris pledges to scrap billions in medical debt with new presidential platform STAT Plus: Physicians weigh in on potential impact of Trump’s ear wound: ‘It’s a matter of inches’ STAT Plus: Health Care's Colossus: How UnitedHealth turned a questionable artery-screening program into a gold mine STAT Plus: Meet the billionaire media mogul who’s taking on the food industry STAT Plus: Boston’s lab market is in rough shape Two doctors and the 'ketamine queen' are charged in the overdose death of actor Matthew Perry A web of people motivated by greed — two doctors, a live-in-personal assistant, an acquaintance and a drug dealer known as the “ketamine queen” — conspired to provide Matthew Perry with the ketamine that caused his accidental overdose death last year, federal authorities announced Thursday. The five individuals have all been charged in connection with Perry’s death. As his descent into ketamine addiction deepened last fall, they took advantage of the actor’s vulnerable condition to enrich themselves, authorities said.  “They knew what they were doing was wrong. They knew what they were doing was risking great danger to Mr. Perry,” U.S. Attorney Martin Estrada said at a news conference. “But they did it anyways. In the end, these defendants were more interested in profiting off of Mr. Perry than caring for his well being.” Perry, 54, was found face down in the heated end of a pool at his Pacific Palisades home on Oct. 28, 2023. The Los Angeles County Medical Examiner’s Office attributed his death to the acute effects of ketamine, an anesthetic with psychedelic properties. According to an 18-count superseding indictment, the events leading to Perry’s death began in September when a Santa Monica doctor, Salvador Plasencia, learned that Perry wanted ketamine. Long known as a club drug, it’s increasingly used to treat people with depression and other mental health issues but carries serious medical risks. Plasencia reached out to another doctor, Mark Chavez, of San Diego, who had owned a ketamine clinic. Soon the two physicians were discussing how much to charge Perry for the drug. “I wonder how much this moron will pay,” Plasencia said in a text message to Chavez, according to the indictment. “Lets find out.” Plasencia went on to provide ketamine to Perry and his assistant, Kenneth Iwamasa, 59. Plasencia repeatedly injected Perry with the drug himself and also instructed Iwamasa on how to do it, the indictment says.  “It was like a bad movie,” Plasencia wrote in a text message to Chavez, the indictment says. From September until Perry’s death in late October, the doctors provided him with about 20 vials of ketamine at a price of $55,000 in cash, federal prosecutors said.  In mid-October, Iwamasa sought an additional source of ketamine for his troubled boss, the indictment said. He reached out to an acquaintance of Perry’s, Erik Fleming, who then reached out to a major underground seller known as the "ketamine queen."  A dual U.S. and U.K. citizen who lived in North Hollywood, Jasveen Sangha had been selling ketamine and other drugs for years, according to federal prosecutors.  She knew that ketamine could be fatal. In August 2019, a man overdosed on ketamine provided by Sangha, prosecutors said. Afterward, one of the man’s family members sent a text to Sangha. "The ketamine you sold my brother killed him," they wrote. "It's listed as the cause of death." According to prosecutors, Sangha then typed a question into Google: “Can ketamine be listed as a cause of death.” She began providing the drugs to Perry through Fleming, and he coordinated the sales with Iwamasa, the indictment says. On Oct. 28, Iwamasa injected Perry with at least three shots of ketamine using syringes provided by Plasencia, according to the indictment. The actor, best known for playing Chandler Bing on the hit sitcom “Friends,” was found unresponsive in his pool later that day. “Matthew Perry’s journey began with unscrupulous doctors who abused their position of trust because they saw him as a payday,” Drug Enforcement Administration chief Anne Millgram said at the Thursday news conference. “And it ended with street dealers who sold him ketamine in unmarked vials.” Sangha, 41, and Plasencia, 42, were both arrested Thursday in Southern California. They were charged with one count of conspiracy to distribute ketamine. Sangha was also charged with several other drug-related offenses. Plasencia, who appeared shackled and in dress clothes during a court hearing Thursday, pleaded not guilty. His bond was set at $100,000. The judge overseeing the case agreed to allow the non-controlled substance part of Placensia’s practice to remain open if he posts a note at his office explaining the charges and seeks releases from patients stating that they understand the allegations against him. Plasencia's next hearing is scheduled for Aug. 28. A lawyer for Plasencia, who operated a clinic in a strip mall in Calabasas, did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The owner of a local business, who asked not to be named for fear of harassment, said he met Plasencia briefly about two months ago after noticing a sign for weight loss medication at the clinic. Plasencia offered him weight loss drugs without a consultation, the business owner said. The local business owner declined. “I’m glad I didn’t do it,” he said. On Thursday afternoon, a sign advertising weight loss medication remained outside Palencia’s clinic but the front doors were locked. A handwritten note said the urgent care would be closed for the day. After Perry’s death, federal agents and detectives searched Sangha's home. They found approximately 79 vials of ketamine, three pounds of orange pills containing methamphetamine, hallucinogenic mushrooms and cocaine. Sangha appeared in court wearing large round glasses and a bright green baggy Nirvana T-shirt. After she pleaded not guilty, a judge ordered her to be held without bail, saying she was a flight risk. Sangha was previously arrested in March in a separate federal drug case in which she was accused of being "a large volume drug dealer." She was released from custody in that case after she posted a $100,000 bond, according to court records. Iwamasa, Perry's 59-year-old assistant, pleaded guilty on Aug. 7 to one count of conspiracy to distribute ketamine causing a death. He admitted to repeatedly injecting Perry with ketamine without medical training, including on the day the actor died, according to prosecutors. Chavez, 54, the physician based in San Diego, has agreed to plead guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute ketamine, prosecutors said. He admitted to selling ketamine to Plasencia, according to prosecutors. Fleming, 54, the acquaintance who helped Perry procure ketamine, pleaded guilty on Aug. 8 to one count of conspiracy to distribute ketamine and one count of distribution of ketamine resulting in death. He admitted to distributing the ketamine that killed Perry — drugs that he received from Sangha, according to prosecutors. Perry had been undergoing ketamine infusion therapy to treat depression and anxiety, but his last session took place more than a week prior to his death. The medical examiner noted that the ketamine in Perry’s system “could not be from that infusion therapy” given its short half-life.  The levels of ketamine in his body were high — equivalent to the amount used for general anesthesia during surgery, according to the medical examiner. The coroner ultimately ruled his death an accident. Perry had been open about his lengthy struggles with opioid addiction and alcoholism, which he chronicled in his 2022 memoir, “Friends, Lovers and the Big Terrible Thing.” It’s not uncommon for law enforcement to investigate — and in some cases bring charges against — the people who supplied the drugs that caused a high-profile death. After the death of Michael Jackson in 2009, his private physician, Dr. Conrad Murray , was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter for providing the singer with a fatal dose of powerful drugs. More recently, federal prosecutors in New York brought charges against four men who supplied actor Michael K. Williams with the fentanyl-laced heroin that killed him in 2021. The family of “Dateline” correspondent Keith Morrison, who is Perry’s stepfather, said in a statement that they welcomed the news of the law enforcement action. “We were and still are heartbroken by Matthew’s death, but it has helped to know law enforcement has taken his case very seriously,” the family said. “We look forward to justice taking its course.” Andrew Blankstein is an investigative reporter for NBC News. He covers the Western U.S., specializing in crime, courts and homeland security.  Eric Leonard is an investigative reporter and joins NBC4 with more than 20 years of experience in the news business. Rich Schapiro is a reporter for the NBC News Investigative Unit. Politics latest: Fears of 'all-out war' as foreign secretary heads to Israel for talks David Lammy is heading to Israel for talks with senior ministers as the foreign secretary looks to help prevent "an all-out war" in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the Tories take credit for positive economic news - but A-level results day brings universities' financial strife to the fore. Thursday 15 August 2024 22:35, UK Foreign secretary heading to Israel amid fears of 'all-out war' Chancellor 'fuming' at positive economic data, claim Tories Analysis: A good week the government can't take credit for Ukraine allowed to use British weapons in Russia | Follow war live Universities told they must 'manage budgets' | Results day catch-up Listen: Can universities make their sums work? Analysis: Politics at heart of fundamental threat facing universities Things you might have missed Listen: How well did PM handle riots? | What's next for economy? Analysis: As support plummets, can Farage have his cake and eat it? Explained: Why it's so quiet in UK politics | What does 'two-tier policing' mean - and does it exist? | Robert Jenrick and the Allahu Akbar row With those details in our previous post of David Lammy's imminent Middle East visit, notably to Israel, we're bringing the Politics Hub to a close for the time being. Be sure to scroll back through the Hub to catch up on what was a busy day both domestically and internationally for British ministers. We had a significant update on how the economy's doing, A-level results day was somewhat marred by fears about the future of our universities, confirmation reached us of Ukraine using British tanks in Russia, and we had that news of the foreign secretary heading to Israel. Thanks for joining us - and we'll see you next time. More details of the foreign secretary's trip to Israel have been released. The Foreign Office has announced David Lammy will be heading to the Middle East with his French counterpart Stephane Sejourne in what is the first joint UK-France visit in more than a decade. They will meet Israeli foreign minister Israel Katz and strategic affairs minister Ron Dermer, though there is no confirmation of whether they will also speak with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. A diplomatic source told Sky News earlier today Mr Lammy's main objective was to try to prevent "all-out war" in the Middle East, and we understand a meeting with the Israeli leader is expected too ( see 16.27 post ). It comes amid fears of an Iranian attack on Israel, possibly carried out with the help of Hezbollah in Lebanon. Iran has warned of a response following the killing of Hamas's leader in Tehran last month. Mr Lammy and Mr Sejourne will call for calm and also for a ceasefire in Gaza, with talks on that having begun in Qatar today. Mr Lammy said it was a "dangerous moment" for the region and "all parties must engage seriously in negotiations". By Alix Culbertson , political reporter People living in areas at the highest risk of flooding face cuts to key services due to a sharp rise in flood defence costs, councils have warned. The government is being urged to overhaul funding for the bodies overseeing flood alleviation as soaring costs have seen an average rise of 28% over the past two years, according to data from the District Councils' Network, which represents 169 English councils. Higher energy and fuel prices - needed for pumping stations - increasingly extreme wet weather and wage increases are the main causes of the cost of flood defences being pushed up for the current 2024/25 financial year. By Deborah Haynes , security and defence editor Ukrainian troops have used British Challenger 2 tanks in their offensive inside Russia, Sky News understands. It is believed to be the first time British tanks - operated by Ukrainian soldiers - have been used in combat on Russian territory. The Ministry of Defence in London declined to comment on operational detail, but did tell Sky News there has been no change in policy. Ukraine's armed forces did not offer a comment. According to government policy, the UK has confirmed Ukraine is free to use British weapons on Russian territory. A source said this included Challenger 2 tanks and signalled that they had been used during the Ukrainian incursion, which began on 6 August. On what was A-level results day, the education secretary was asked about the controversial prospect of raising tuition fees as many universities grapple with serious financial challenges. Our business correspondent Paul Kelso   says the picture across the sector right now is pretty negative. And that's because, anecdotally at least, there's been a 30% fall in how many overseas students are applying for British universities.  " That matters because overseas students underwrite the British university system," says Paul. "They may make up about 26% of the academic population, but provide 46% of the fees." So why the drop in applications? Britain's top universities have long been extremely popular with international students. Paul says the sector thinks it's being driven largely by visa rule changes the previous government introduced, which include preventing foreign students from bringing family members with them. It was a bid by Rishi Sunak to bring down levels of immigration. The change and subsequent drop in applicants "poses a fundamental threat to the financial health of the university sector", says Paul. "Domestic fees simply do not cover the cost". The Sky News Daily podcast looked into this further - watch a clip below and find the full episode at the top of this page. As students receive their A-level results, many of the universities they'll enrol in are facing their own concerns. Academics have warned years of underfunding and a lack of lucrative international students at British universities after visa changes risk the sector's ability to provide top-class education and, for some institutions, whether they'll be able to keep teaching at all.   On this episode, Niall Paterson is joined by two university vice-chancellors, Professor Jane Harrington at Greenwich and Professor David Maguire at East Anglia, to hear the realities and challenges faced by universities across the country.   Plus, our business correspondent Paul Kelso explains why higher education is facing the crisis it's in now.  👉 Click to subscribe to the Sky News Daily wherever you get your podcasts 👈         The Scottish first minster held talks with the deputy prime minister in Edinburgh today - and had a bone to pick. John Swinney raised the UK government's decision to begin means testing the winter fuel payment, which means only those eligible for existing benefits will still receive it. The SNP administration at Holyrood said yesterday it would have to adopt the same policy because the controversial move had left it with a £160m gap in spending power. Mr Swinney has conceded it will impact "tens of thousands" of pensioners and "expressed concern" with Angela Rayner today. He also reiterated his desire for an "injection of investment" in the country's public services. But he's still hoping for a more positive relationship with the Labour government than his party had with the Tories, working together on "shared priorities" such as reaching net zero. By Darren McCaffrey, political correspondent  Make no two bones about it – it has been a good week on the economic news front. Today's stellar GDP growth figures at 0.6% are in line with expectation but are also a reflection of a strong year of growth, with the UK the fastest growing in the G7 this year - although it has lagged slightly behind the US in Q2. This - coupled with falling unemployment, wage growth and pretty stable inflation (listen to the podcast on this in the previous post) - means the macroeconomic situation has not looked this good in years. Normally the government would be crowing from the rooftops about such good news. Instead, the Treasury this morning continues to talk about the "scale of challenges" and being determined "to fix the foundations". Why? Because they want to stop the Conservatives - who are unsurprisingly very frustrated - from being able to claim the last government left the country in a good state. Politically, this is important for Labour – part of a wider strategy to thrash the Tory record, while cementing future credit for economic good news. Despite the attempt to shape narratives, in the end voters will only really thank Labour if this stellar economic growth continues. Inflation is up for the first time this year.    Prices went up by 2.2% in the year to July – moving the rate above the Bank of England target of 2%.   Experts had expected an up tick as energy prices are falling by less than they did a year ago, and the increase doesn't seem to change hope for further interest rate cuts in the months to come. But what else can we expect from the economy this autumn as the new government continues to warn about the "challenges" it's inherited, and as the chancellor prepares her first budget in October? Joining Niall Paterson  is our business correspondent Paul Kelso and political correspondent Darren McCaffrey .  👉 Click to subscribe to the Sky News Daily wherever you get your podcasts 👈        It's time for your evening bulletin from the Politics Hub - summing up the main things you need to know today: The foreign secretary , David Lammy, is heading to Israel for talks with the country's prime minister; A source described the meeting with Benjamin Netanyahu as "an attempt to prevent all-out war" in the Middle East , amid fears of an Iranian attack on Israel and talks over a ceasefire in Gaza; Mr Lammy described it as a "crucial moment for global security" . Sticking with foreign policy, and the Ministry of Defence has said it's  happy for Ukraine to be using British weapons inside Russia ; Sky News understands tanks supplied by the UK are also being deployed across the border  during Kyiv's surprise incursion. On the domestic front,  the Tories claim the chancellor will be "fuming"  after new figures showed  Britain's economy grew during the previous quarter ; Rachel Reeves has repeatedly bemoaned the government's economic inheritance from Rishi Sunak's administration, but  GDP is up 0.6% - higher than other major European countries ; And on A-level results day , the education secretary told Sky News it would be  "unpalatable" to raise tuition fees  despite the financial challenges facing Britain's universities. That's all for now - we'll bring you any further political news and analysis over the next few hours. Be the first to get Breaking News Install the Sky News app for free 378 IMAGES 3 REPORTED SPEECH Reported speech. Intermediate level 30 imperative sentences in English REPORTED SPEECH Imperatives 1 REPORTED SPEECH ORDERS Reported Speech: Important Grammar Rules and Examples • 7ESL Advanced grammar reported speech COMMENTS Reported Speech Imperatives Reported speech imperatives differ in structure to other reported speech sentences. Imperatives are: Commands: Keep quiet! Requests: Please close the window Advice: Go and lie down Suggestions: Take the test next year instead This is the structure that we use: Imperative Reported Speech with Examples & Practise Exercises Imperative Reported Speech Exercise 2. Rewrite each sentence into reported speech. Grandma said to me, "Please fetch my glasses.". The librarian said to us, "Return the books in a month.". I said to the agent, "Please book two tickets for America.". Andrew said, "I'll have a chicken sandwich and some coffee.". Direct and Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentences Identify Imperative Sentences to Change Direct Speech to Indirect Speech. (a) Basically, the subject will be "you" and it is not written in the sentence, but it remains in understood condition. (b) On the other hand, such sentences imply someone to advise, to order, or to request. Direct: Mother said to me, " (You) Don't run in the sun.". Reported Speech For imperatives, we use "ask/tell somebody to do something". Compare these two sentences and how they are used in reported speech. Statement: "It is good.". Reported Speech: He said that it is good. Imperative: "Come here.". Reported Speech: She told me to come here. So, we use "ask/tell + to + verb" to report a command or ... REPORTED SPEECH Learn how to REPORT IMPERATIVES in REPORTED SPEECH - English grammar. Exercises ⬇️Can you report these imperative sentences?1) Go away!2) Put the books away ... Reported Speech The four types of reported speech are similar to the kinds of sentences: imperative, interrogative, exclamatory, and declarative. Reported Speech Rules. ... Do not change the verb tenses in indirect speech when the sentence has a time clause. This rule applies when the introductory verb is in the future, present, and present perfect. ... Reported Speech Reported speech is the form in which one can convey a message said by oneself or someone else, mostly in the past. It can also be said to be the third person view of what someone has said. In this form of speech, you need not use quotation marks as you are not quoting the exact words spoken by the speaker, but just conveying the message. Q2. Imperatives in Reported Speech For imperatives, we use "ask/tell somebody to do something". Compare these two sentences and how they are used in reported speech. Statement: "It is good." Reported Speech: He said that it is good. Imperative: "Come here." Reported Speech: She told me to come here. So, we use "ask/tell + to + verb" to report a command or imperative. Reported speech: indirect speech Reported speech: indirect speech - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary Reporting imperatives Reporting imperatives. reporting verb + somebody + to-infinitive. When we report an imperative sentence or a request, we usually use a to -infinitive structure: Mother: Put away your toys, Johnny. Johnny's mother told him to put away his toys. Teacher: Everybody, please stand up. The teacher asked the class to stand up. Direct and Indirect Speech Imperative Sentences Rules & Examples In case of negative imperative sentence 'do not' in the direct speech changes to 'not to' in indirect speech. We can also use 'forbade/prohibited' followed by 'to'. In imperative sentence the reporting verb 'said', 'said to', 'told' changes to advised, command, requested, ordered, etc. depending on the mood of the ... Reported Speech Watch my reported speech video: Here's how it works: We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence: Direct speech: I like ice cream. Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream. GRAMMAR Rules of changing these sentences into indirect explained through examples. Reported Speech: Important Grammar Rules and Examples • 7ESL No Change in Verb Tenses in Reported Speech. In some cases, verb tenses do not change when you report speech indirectly.Here are the key instances: When the introductory verb is in the present, present perfect, or future.; When the reported sentence deals with a fact or general truth.; When the reported sentence contains a time clause.; If the verb of the sentence is in the unreal past (the ... Reported speech Reported speech exercises: reported commands and requests. Direct and indirect speech. Intermediate exercises esl. Indirect Speech for Imperative & Exclamatory Sentences Indirect Speech for Imperative Sentence: A sentence that expresses a request, advice, or order is called an imperative sentence. Examples: Please help me. (request) Respect the elders. (advice) Open the door. (order) The imperative sentence expresses a request, advice or order. Therefore, to convert them into indirect speech, some specific ... Reported speech Yes, and you report it with a reporting verb. He said he wanted to know about reported speech. I said, I want and you changed it to he wanted. Exactly. Verbs in the present simple change to the past simple; the present continuous changes to the past continuous; the present perfect changes to the past perfect; can changes to could; will changes ... Reported Speech Imperatives Exercise Reported Speech Imperatives Exercise. Watch on. Convert the sentences below from direct to indirect speech (reported speech). 1. Mother to daughter: "Put on your shoes." 2. The teacher to me: "Open your notebook." 3. Imperative sentences in Indirect speech: rules and examples Rule 1: Change the Reporting Verb Direct Speech: Verbs like say or said. Indirect Speech: Verbs like tell, ask, command, urge, request, beg, or advise. Example: Direct: He said, "Open the window." Indirect: He told me to open the window. Explanation: In imperative sentences, the verb said is changed to told to reflect the command.This change helps convey the speaker's intention more clearly in ... Reported Speech (Imperatives) Quiz Grammar. Quizzes. Reported Speech (Imperatives) Quiz. Try this quiz to test your understanding of reported speech of imperative sentences. Click here to review the lesson! Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences. Download quiz with answers in printable PDF. Direct and Indirect Speech Direct & Indirect Speech - Imperative Sentences ( positive , negative & emphatic sentences)100% full marks conceptlet's enjoyDirect & Indirect speech playl... Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentences Share0. Indirect Speech of Imperative Sentences. You might know that an imperative sentence expresses ideas such command, request, advice, suggestion, allowance etc. To change such sentences into indirect speechwe use to-infinitiveor that clause and instead of the reporting verb 'said' we use the following reporting verbs: Advise, command ... Imperative Sentences with Practice Exercise- Phenomenal English Rules of Conversion:- To convert these sentences into indirect narration following instructions must be observed.Change said into ordered, requested, forbade, warned, threatened, urged, begged, implore or advised according to the sense of sentence.; Write 'to' in the place of inverted commas.; Change pronouns of reported speech according to rules stated in change of pronouns lesson. Experts: Trump speech patterns hint of potential cognitive decline Increased tangentiality, all-or-nothing-thinking, and unusually simple sentence structure are called 'suggestive' of cognitive decline. Two doctors and the 'ketamine queen' are charged in the overdose death A web of people motivated by greed — two doctors, a live-in-personal assistant, an acquaintance and a drug dealer known as the "ketamine queen" — conspired to provide Matthew Perry with ... Politics latest: Fears of 'all-out war' as foreign secretary heads to David Lammy is heading to Israel for talks with senior ministers as the foreign secretary looks to help prevent "an all-out war" in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the Tories take credit for positive ... assignment essay homework phd report resume review speech thesis