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Characterization of novel therapies for epidermolysis bullosa in clinical development: a cross-sectional analysis.

• Aaron Gabriel W. Sandoval
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• Evangelos V. Badiavas

Commentary: Evaluating the sources and types of dietary and nutritional advice for patients with Alopecia Areata

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Ritlecitinib, a JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor, stabilizes active lesions and repigments stable lesions in vitiligo

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Acne in transgender populations on hormone replacement therapy

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Role of Claudin- 3 as a biomarker of gut-skin axis integrity in patients with psoriasis

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Updated Guidelines for Atopic Dermatitis—AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Task Force

• 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville
• 2 Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
• 3 Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
• 4 Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI)/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Joint Task Force (JTF) updated guidelines addressing new evidence and treatment options for atopic dermatitis (AD, eczema) management. 1 AD affects 13% of the pediatric population and is associated with allergic and nonallergic comorbidities and complications.

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Wheeler KE , Chu DK , Schneider L. Updated Guidelines for Atopic Dermatitis—AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Task Force. JAMA Pediatr. Published online July 08, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1395

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Kliniec, K.; Domagała, Z.; Kempisty, B.; Szepietowski, J.C. Arterial Vascularization of the Forehead in Aesthetic Dermatology Procedures: A Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024 , 13 , 4238. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144238

Kliniec K, Domagała Z, Kempisty B, Szepietowski JC. Arterial Vascularization of the Forehead in Aesthetic Dermatology Procedures: A Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine . 2024; 13(14):4238. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144238

Kliniec, Katarzyna, Zygmunt Domagała, Bartosz Kempisty, and Jacek C. Szepietowski. 2024. "Arterial Vascularization of the Forehead in Aesthetic Dermatology Procedures: A Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 14: 4238. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144238

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Most Common Dermatologic Topics Published in Five High-Impact General Medical Journals, 1970–2012: Melanoma, Psoriasis, Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster, and Acne

Internists frequently diagnose herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne, which are also common dermatologic topics published. The authors conducted an independent search of the Thomson Reuters’ Science Citation Index for common dermatologic topics, limited to the period 1970 to 2012. The five most common dermatologic topics published in five high-impact general medical journals were melanoma, psoriasis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne.

General practitioners frequently encounter skin diseases and are accustomed to diagnosing the most common dermatologic conditions.

We sought to determine the most common dermatologic topics published in five high-impact general medical journals ( New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, the Journal of the American Medical Association, British Medical Journal (now The BMJ ), and Annals of Internal Medicine ).

We conducted an independent search of the Thomson Reuters’ Science Citation Index for common dermatologic topics, limited to the period 1970 to 2012.

Main Outcome Measure:

Total number of publications dealing with each dermatologic topic considered.

The five most common dermatologic topics published were melanoma, psoriasis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne. Melanoma and psoriasis were the top two dermatologic topics published in each journal except for Annals of Internal Medicine .

Conclusions:

Internists frequently diagnose herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne, which are also common dermatologic topics published. Although internists infrequently diagnose melanoma and psoriasis, they are major topics for general medical journals because of their increased community awareness, major advancements in therapeutic research, and their nondermatologic manifestations.

Introduction

Skin diseases are commonly encountered by general practitioners, and in today’s health care system, most patients are evaluated first by their primary care physician before seeing a dermatologist. It is estimated that 6% of primary care outpatient visits are skin-related, and 60% of cutaneous diagnoses are made by nondermatologists. 1 As the role of the general practitioner continues to grow, it remains imperative that these physicians are equipped to manage general dermatologic conditions.

To determine which skin diseases internists most commonly encounter, Feldman et al 2 analyzed the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1990 to 1994. The top five dermatologic diagnoses made by internists during this period were dermatitis, bacterial skin infections, tinea, acne vulgaris, and herpes zoster. By highlighting these common diagnoses, it was anticipated that skin disease educational programs for internists would be tailored to these diseases. Moreover, this study demonstrated that diagnoses such as psoriasis, actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, skin cancer, and benign tumors were commonly made by dermatologists but not by internists. These findings elucidated the overlapping yet differing role of the dermatologist and the internist, espousing the need for further communication and alliance in diagnosing a wide range of skin diseases.

The purpose of our study was to determine the most common dermatologic topics published from 1970 to 2012 in five high-impact general medical journals. We sought to analyze whether these journals, having the largest readership in medicine, targeted the common dermatologic diagnoses made by internists or focused on skin diseases more commonly diagnosed by dermatologists.

We analyzed data from the Thomson Reuters Science Citation Index. The five high-impact general medical journals we considered, based on the highest impact factors, were the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), The Lancet, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), British Medical Journal (now The BMJ ), and Annals of Internal Medicine. For each of these journals, we conducted an independent search for each of the dermatologic topics included in the study, limited to the years 1970 to 2012. The topics chosen were a modified list from the top dermatologic diagnoses made by internists and dermatologists 2 ( Table 1 ).

Total umber of articles for each dermatologic topic

Two independent reviewers analyzed search results to determine whether an article met the dermatologic topic under consideration. A consensus was achieved for all articles included. All types of publications (original research, case reports, review articles, meta-analyses, editorials, etc) were eligible for the study. If an article dealt with more than one possible topic, the topic that best fit the primary objective of the article was chosen. Topics without 20 or more papers in any of the 5 general medical journals were not mentioned.

A total of 2627 articles dealing with at least 1 of the 24 dermatologic topics mentioned in Table 1 were included in the study. From our combined data, the top 5 dermatologic topics published in the 5 high-impact general medical journals were melanoma (708 articles), psoriasis (455), herpes simplex (366), herpes zoster (253), and acne (165), as shown in Table 1 . The Lancet had the highest total number of dermatologic publications (744), followed by British Medical Journal (661), NEJM (630), JAMA (419), and Annals of Internal Medicine (173).

Melanoma was overwhelmingly the most common dermatologic topic in each of the journals except for Annals of Internal Medicine ( Figure 1 ). In NEJM, the second most common topic was psoriasis (100 articles), followed by herpes simplex (97) and herpes zoster (71). The other dermatologic topics were relatively uncommon in that journal. In The Lancet, the second most common topic was also psoriasis (144), followed by herpes simplex (102) and acne (49). There were also notable contributions to the dermatologic literature about herpes zoster (40), atopic dermatitis/eczema (40), urticaria (32), and abscess (28).

Frequency of common dermatologic topics mentioned in five high-impact general medical journals.

JAMA = Journal of the American Medical Association; NEJM = New England Journal of Medicine.

In JAMA, herpes simplex (with 68 articles) was the second most common dermatologic topic, followed by psoriasis (48) and herpes zoster (46). Acne (36), urticaria (30), and squamous cell carcinoma (22) followed in number of contributions. Melanoma (158) and psoriasis (134) were 2 greatly favored topics in the British Medical Journal. Herpes zoster (63), acne (60), and herpes simplex (56) made up the next highest proportion of topics, followed by abscess (35), urticaria (27), atopic dermatitis/eczema (26), and squamous cell carcinoma (22).

Annals of Internal Medicine was the only journal wherein melanoma (22) was not the most common dermatologic topic. In fact, melanoma was the fourth most prevalent. Preceding melanoma in prevalent articles was herpes simplex (43), herpes zoster (33), and psoriasis (29); see Figure 1 .

It has become customary for general practitioners to diagnose common skin conditions. For these physicians, primary sources for up-to-date information are general medical journals, namely the five high-impact journals ( NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, British Medical Journal, and Annals of Internal Medicine ). By studying the prevalence of common dermatologic topics published in these journals, we attempted to provide insight into their emphasis on certain skin conditions.

Of the five high-impact general medical journals, we found that The Lancet and British Medical Journal, which have their foundation in the United Kingdom, published more articles on common dermatologic topics. In the United Kingdom, physicians must complete two years of foundation training and two years of core medical training before entering dermatology as a specialty. 3 This is in contrast to the US, where medical school graduates are required to complete only one year of internal medicine, general surgery, or pediatrics internship before entering dermatology residency. Perhaps in the United Kingdom, dermatology is integrated more with internal medicine, leading to a greater number of dermatologic publications in their general medical journals.

In our analysis, we found that herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne were three of the top five dermatologic topics published. This coincides with the fact that these topics were also among the top ten dermatologic diagnoses made by internists. 2 Melanoma and psoriasis, on the other hand, were the top two dermatologic topics published but are diagnoses rarely made by internists. 2

As mentioned by Feldman et al, 2 melanoma, despite being rarely diagnosed by internists, is important to internal medicine because of its serious nature. Some consider the early detection of melanoma, which has a 5-year survival rate of 98% if detected early and 15% with distant metastasis, 4 to be the responsibility of primary care physicians. 5 Furthermore, a “new era” of targeted and immune-based therapies for melanoma has been ushered in by recent advancements in melanoma research. 6 Many of these findings have gained publication in prestigious general medical journals. 7 – 9 It is not surprising, therefore, that melanoma was the most common dermatologic topic published in 4 of the 5 high-impact general medical journals we studied.

Psoriasis, like melanoma, is another diagnosis infrequently made by internists but was found in our study to be the second most common dermatologic topic published. With a prevalence of 1% to 3%, psoriasis is likely to be encountered by general practitioners. 10 Moreover, as a systemic inflammatory disease, psoriasis is compounded by psoriatic arthritis in 10% to 30% of cases. 10 Psoriasis has also been associated with a significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, possibly because of accelerated atherosclerosis in the setting of an inflammatory state. 11 These systemic manifestations, as well as the increasing prevalence of this dermatologic condition, make psoriasis a very relevant disease to internal medicine and the general medical journals. We acknowledge limitations in our study. Access to journal articles may have been limited by our university’s subscriptions, but all resources available were used to obtain articles. Certain articles that addressed multiple topics were categorized under one topic, considered the best fit by the reviewer. We referenced a study by Feldman et al, 2 who analyzed the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1990 to 1994. Likely, diagnosing patterns of skin disease by internists may have changed since then, but to our knowledge, no similar analysis has yet been performed.

We believe our study achieved its primary purpose, to analyze the prevalence of common dermatologic topics published in high-impact general medical journals. We have demonstrated that certain dermatologic topics with increased relevance to internal medicine have greater numbers of publications. These findings are a testament to the value of these medical journals in providing relevant yet comprehensive information to general physicians, thus deserving the title of high-impact.

Acknowledgments

Kathleen Louden, ELS, of Louden Health Communications provided editorial assistance.

Disclosure Statement

Dr Wu received research funding from AbbVie, North Chicago, IL; Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA; Coherus Biosciences, Redwood City, CA; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ; and Pfizer, New York, NY, which were not directly related to this study. He is a consultant for AbbVie, North Chicago, IL; DUSA Pharmaceuticals Inc, Wilmington, MA; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN; and Pfizer, New York, NY. Mr Choi and Mr Namavar have no conflicts of interest to disclose. No funding was received for this study.

Research in Dermatology

Stanford eb research.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic skin disorder that causes extreme skin fragility, leading to recurrent blister formation with even minor trauma. There are three major forms of EB: EB simplex (EBS), Junctional EB (JEB), and Dystrophic EB (DEB). Each type of EB differs in severity and clinical presentation. Caring for all patients with EB requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Clinical Trials

Stanford Dermatology Department's clinical trials unit is home to 12-15 ongoing clinical studies, investigating the safety and efficacy of new and currently available drugs and over-the-counter medications.  The  unit works with Stanford's own panel on medical research, leading pharmaceutical companies,and the Food and Drug Administration to safely and ethically expand the medical field's knowledge of dermatologic treatments.  New studies begin regularly, and the unit continues to recruit patients with skin aging, sun damage, skin cancer (including basal cell carcinomas), psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and other dermatologic diseases for ongoing studies.

Faculty Labs

• Paul Khavari Lab  - Genome Regulation in Homeostasis and Cancer
• Anthony Oro Lab  - Regulation of Epithelial and Hair Growth and Development
• M. Peter Marinkovich Lab  - Basement Membrane Zone Biology
• Howard Y. Chang Lab
• Anne Chang Reseach Goup  - Human Aging and the Skin including non-melanoma skin cancer
• Jean Tang Lab  - Finding New Ways to Treat and Prevent Skin Cancer
• Kevin Wang Lab  - Studying fundamental mechanisms controlling gene expression in mammalian cells
• Carolyn Lee Lab  - Discovering new oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in skin cancer

Research in the Department of Dermatology span a wide range of efforts, ranging from clinical trials to molecular translational medicine to fundamental studies in epithelial biology, as embodied in the Stanford Program in Epithelial Biology.

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Characteristics of alopecia areata in children with disease onset below 4 years of age.

recent retrospective review by Rangu et al .[ 1 ] examined the epidemiology of alopecia areata (AA) in children aged 8 years or younger with disease onset under 4 years of age. Several epidemiological studies have been conducted on AA, but those highlighting the natural history of the disease in young children are rare. This study analyzed 125 children with disease onset before 4 years of age and those who had at least one follow-up visit. Patients on therapies that might have altered the natural course of the disease (systemic therapy or topical Janus kinase inhibitors) were excluded from the study. The data extracted included age, gender, growth parameters, ethnicity, age of onset, subtype of disease, past medical history, family history of AA, family history of thyroid or any autoimmune disease, and severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score. SALT scores were again recorded at 3–6-month follow-up, at 1-year follow-up, and 2 + year follow-up. A female predominance was observed in the study population (F: M ratio = 2.05:1). Majority of children (86.4%) had disease onset between 2 and 4 years of age. Among the disease subtype at onset, most common was AA in 72% of the patients, while alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) were diagnosed in 8.8% and 19.2% of the cases, respectively. A higher prevalence of AT/AU was seen in boys as compared to girls (39% in boys vs. 22% in girls). The most common comorbidity was atopic dermatitis (AD), seen in 40.8% of the cases. Other autoimmune conditions such as vitiligo, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease were seen in 4% of the cases. Family history of AA was present in 28% of the cases, family history of autoimmune disease was positive in 27.2% of the cases, and 32% of the cases had a family member with hypothyroidism. Patients with mild alopecia (SALT u pto 24%) at presentation continued to have mild, patchy disease, while those with high SALT scores (SALT 50%–74%, 75%–99% and 100%) initially had a greater likelihood of high SALT scores at follow-up visits. Odds of having higher SALT scores increased with each subsequent visit (odds ratio: 1.44 at 3–6 months, 1.87 at 1 year, and 2.06 at 2 + years vs. initial visit).

AA is a common dermatosis that can affect all age groups but is more prevalent in children. Several studies have reported overall epidemiology of the disease, but clinical and epidemiological data pertaining specifically to pediatric age group are limited. A previous study from India analyzed 201 children with AA under 16 years of age.[ 2 ] Onset of disease before 5 years of age was seen in 67 cases (33.3%) and was found to be associated with higher disease severity. One of the largest population-based studies on AA found AD to be associated in only 5% of the total cases but noted a higher association with AD in children under 10 years of age while finding no association between autoimmune disease and AA in this age group.[ 3 ]

Study by Rangu et al .[ 1 ] is unique in that it focusses on disease pattern only in children with disease onset below 4 years of age, an aspect which has not been explored before. The higher overall prevalence in girls and more severe disease in boys have been reported in several previous studies. A rising trend in SALT scores was observed with a subsequent follow-up visit, which might either indicate an increase in disease severity over time or better adherence to follow-up in patients with more severe disease. Limitation of the study included retrospective design and low follow-up percentage: 2-year follow-up data were available in only 28 of 125 cases. Analysis of the association of disease severity with comorbid conditions and clinical characteristics could have been a useful addition. Similar studies in an Indian cohort will be useful for prognostication of the disease, in counseling the parents, and to anticipate the need for a more aggressive therapy.

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A Year in Review: Discussions in Dermatology

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“A Year in Review: Discussions in Dermatology’’ is part of a wider series of Research Topics across Frontiers in Medicine. This Research Topic aims to spark discussion around popular articles published in Dermatology this year. The Dermatology field is continuously evolving, therefore we are seeking ...

Keywords : Dermatology, skin, disease, disorder, therapeutics, diagnostics

Important Note : All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

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• Title : Authors should attempt to provide a short and crisp title, and ensure that the title attracts the reviewers, editors, and the readers, to go through the entire article. The title should be well-thought of and comprehensive. It should always give a fair idea of what lies within the article, and should not be vague and non-specific. The new message of the article should preferably be reflected in the title. Most importantly, the title should be scientifically sound. Abbreviations in the first place should be avoided, and authors should avoid the use of “superfluous words”.
• Abstract : The abstract must clearly state the new information and the key takeaway messages. There should be adequate patient data in terms of relevant history, clinical findings, tests, and interventions. Both physician and patient assessed outcomes should be mentioned. Abstract is one of the most crucial components of an article, because, the reviewers and the editors would be having a fair perception of the entire manuscript after reading the abstract, and many times, the articles get rejected due to a poorly written abstract (lack of flow and message). Abstract should be revised every time the manuscript is revised or changed.
• Keywords : Choosing a proper keyword is very important, while writing a case report. Keywords aid the indexers and search engines find relevant papers. Keywords should represent the content of the manuscript, and should be specific to the entity in question
• Introduction : Introduction of a case report must initially address the magnitude and importance of the disease in question. Authors should highlight as to what is unknown about the entity and why they are reporting the case.
• Case report : This section should describe all the necessary details of the patient including de-identified patient-specific information, concerns, and symptoms, relevant history (medical, surgical, and family), significant clinical examination findings (both positive and negative), diagnostic tests, differentials, provisional diagnosis, and prognosis. Authors should always mention how they ruled out the clinical and histpathological differentials (preferably in a tabular format) and how they arrived at the final diagnosis. If applicable, authors should also describe the details of therapeutic intervention (pharmacological name of drug, dose, frequency and duration). The response to treatment (objective and subjective parameters) must be mentioned clearly, without any ambiguity. When the authors are reporting a drug reaction, it is advisable to mention the details of Naranjo's adverse drug reaction probability scale, Hartwig's severity assessment scale and modified Schumock and Thornton scale. Besides, it is prudent to register the drug reaction under Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) and mention the necessary details about the same, in the case report.
• Discussion : The discussion should include the relevant medical literature and the rationale for the conclusion. It is always advisable to add the perspective of the patients, whenever possible. A thorough literature search must be done and the relevant references must be cited. Some widely used reference management and formatting software applications are BibTeX, Papers, Zotero, EndNote, RefWords, ReadCube, and Mendeley. Authors should always avoid the claims the first publication, because this is not possible to be verified by the reviewers and editors, and such claims are not desirable while publishing any article. Authors should summarize the key findings and unique points about their case, highlighting the need for publishing the case report (as to how this will add to the literature). The primary take-away messages of the case report should be given at the end of the article, in the form of a one-line conclusion.
• Images and figures : The requirements are always mentioned in the website of the journal. Some of the vital considerations include a non-identifiable patient, high-quality JPEG or TIFF-centered clear and sharply focused images, and not exceeding 3-4 MB. Authors should never crop the original image, and ensure that the background is clean. If the figure has been published before, authors should acknowledge the original source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the material. A credit line should appear in the legend for such figures. Low-resolution images, grainy images due to high ISO and pixelated images should never be submitted. The photographs must be clicked in a manner that makes it clear to the readers, as to which region is involved. If the authors are describing a case whose uniqueness lies in the unilateral distribution of lesions on the lower limb, the photograph must be clicked in a fashion which displays both the lower limbs. When it comes to therapeutic interventions, the pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs should have the same resolution, exposure, brightness and background. The figure legends must precisely mention about the stain and magnification for dermatopathology images; and the type of dermoscope used (and the magnification)."
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Characterizing physician directory data quality: variation by specialty, state, and insurer

• Neel M. Butala 1 , 2 ,
• Kuldeep Jiwani 3 &
• Emily M. Bucholz 2 , 4  

BMC Health Services Research volume  24 , Article number:  808 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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As U.S. legislators are urged to combat ghost networks in behavioral health and address the provider data quality issue, it becomes important to better characterize the variation in data quality of provider directories to understand root causes and devise solutions. Therefore, this manuscript examines consistency of address, phone number, and specialty information for physician entries from 5 national health plan provider directories by insurer, physician specialty, and state.

We included all physicians in the Medicare Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System (PECOS) found in ≥ 2 health insurer physician directories across 5 large national U.S. health insurers. We examined variation in consistency of address, phone number, and specialty information among physicians by insurer, physician specialty, and state.

Of 634,914 unique physicians in the PECOS database, 449,282 were found in ≥ 2 directories and included in our sample. Across insurers, consistency of address information varied from 16.5 to 27.9%, consistency of phone number information varied from 16.0 to 27.4%, and consistency of specialty information varied from 64.2 to 68.0%. General practice, family medicine, plastic surgery, and dermatology physicians had the highest consistency of addresses (37-42%) and phone numbers (37-43%), whereas anesthesiology, nuclear medicine, radiology, and emergency medicine had the lowest consistency of addresses (11-21%) and phone numbers (9-14%) across health insurer directories. There was marked variation in consistency of address, phone number, and specialty information by state.

Conclusions

In evaluating a large national sample of U.S. physicians, we found minimal variation in provider directory consistency by insurer, suggesting that this is a systemic problem that insurers have not solved, and considerable variation by physician specialty with higher quality data among more patient-facing specialties, suggesting that physicians may respond to incentives to improve data quality. These data highlight the importance of novel policy solutions that leverage technology targeting data quality to centralize provider directories so as not to not reinforce existing data quality issues or policy solutions to create national and state-level standards that target both insurers and physician groups to maximize quality of provider information.

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Introduction

Patients rely on health insurer provider directories to find physicians and access the care they need, but these directories have a high rate of inaccuracies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Poor quality data in provider directories can lead to difficulties in accessing care since patients may be directed to incorrect phone numbers and addresses. Additionally, health insurer provider directory inaccuracies can lead to surprise bills if patients visit a provider that they believe is covered in their network based on inaccurate directory information, but the provider is not actually covered. More broadly, inaccurate provider directories lead to misrepresentation of network breadth and depth for consumers as they choose health plans.

Inaccurate provider directories can also lead to adverse effects at a health system level. In countries with large private healthcare systems in which many individuals depend on commercial health insurance, governments rely on provider directories to ensure that health insurers have contracted with an adequate number of providers to provide their members the option of receiving comprehensive care [ 6 ]. In countries with large public healthcare systems, governments can rely on provider directory information to engage in healthcare workforce planning across multiple health disciplines. Current data on physicians, nurses, dentists, and other health professionals from provider directories with information on the range of services offered are a crucial input to health workforce planning frameworks, regardless of the methodology chosen [ 7 ]. As such, high-quality provider directory data are necessary to enhance health workforce planning and make decisions regarding the targeted number and mix of professions and skillsets.

A U.S. recent study found that address and specialty information was inconsistent for over 80% of physicians across directories of 5 large national health insurers [ 8 ]. In the U.S., health policy solutions to improve provider directory accuracy have been attempted, but they have largely been unsuccessful in achieving their aim. Most states have laws requiring health plans to keep their directories updated [ 9 ]. Additionally, the No Surprises Act, as a part of the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act, created specific requirements for health plans regarding accuracy and timely updating of provider directories. However, enforcement of these regulations has been minimal [ 9 ].

In the U.S. Congress, there have been renewed calls by legislators to address provider directory data quality, particularly as it relates to ‘ghost networks’ [ 10 ]. Notably, the U.S. Senate Finance Committee recently passed the Requiring Enhanced and Accurate Lists of (REAL) Health Providers Act, which aims to ensure that Medicare Advantage plans maintain accurate directories of providers, with bipartisan support [ 11 ]. Ghost networks are physicians listed in provider directories but, in reality, are not accepting new patients or are unavailable for other reasons [ 12 ]. The presence of ghost physician entries is a byproduct of provider directory inaccuracies and can complicate access to physicians for the most vulnerable patients.

As U.S. legislators are urged to combat ghost networks and address the provider data quality issue, it becomes important to better characterize the variation in consistency of provider directories to understand root causes and inform solutions. The aim of this manuscript was to examine variation in consistency of address, phone number, and specialty information for physician entries from 5 national health plan provider directories by insurer, physician specialty, and state. These results can inform the development of novel federal and state-specific policies and guide insurers’ efforts to update provider directories.

We searched the Medicare Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System (PECOS) database for all physicians who were included in the online provider directories of 5 large national health insurers: UnitedHealth, Elevance (formerly Anthem), Cigna, Aetna, and Humana, based on physician name and zip code in September 2022. Once identified in insurer directories, we used the National Provider Identifier number to distinguish between different physicians with the same name in the same zip code. This study was not considered human subjects research as all data were available in publicly accessible health insurer provider directories and therefore there was no interaction or interventions with any individuals or use of any private information. Therefore, the need for ethics approval and informed consent to participate was waived from Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board review. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Among physicians with address information found in ≥ 2 health insurer directories, we compared consistency of physician practice street address across health insurer directories using an approximate matching algorithm, as previously described [ 8 ]. Specifically, this algorithm was validated internally through iterative manual review of 200 entries and externally through contacting a sample of 600 entries directly with correct classification in 99%. In evaluating consistency of physician address information across health insurer directories, we did not penalize for differences in abbreviations or punctuation or evaluate secondary unit identifiers, such as suite number.

Among physicians with phone number information found in ≥ 2 health insurer directories, we evaluated consistency of physician phone number information across health plan directories. All digits of a phone number had to match exactly to be considered consistent.

Among physicians with specialty information found in ≥ 2 health insurer directories, we evaluated consistency of physician specialty information across health plan directories according to the 2021 National Uniform Claim Committee taxonomy, as previously described [ 8 ]. We categorized specialty information into 31 classifications according to the 2021 National Uniform Claim Committee taxonomy to account for differences in presence of specialty or subspecialty information across health insurer directories [ 13 ].

A physician’s information was deemed to be consistent if it was the same among all locations, phone numbers, or specialties across all health insurer directories in which the physician’s information was found. A physician’s information was considered inconsistent if physician address, phone number, or specialty differed across directories or if a physician was found in a directory but an address, phone number, or specialty present in other directories was missing from that directory.

Consistency of address, phone number, and specialty for each physician was computed independently and were not conditional on consistency of other variables.

Statistical analysis

For each insurer, we calculated the percentage of physicians in that insurer’s directory with consistent address, phone number, or specialty information when including only physicians found in that specific insurer’s physician directory. In order to evaluate consistency of physician information by physician specialty, we calculated the percentage of physicians with consistent address and phone number information by specialty among physicians with consistent specialty information only.

For each state, we calculated the percentage of physicians with consistent address, phone number, or specialty information. We attributed physicians with addresses in multiple states to the most frequent state (mode state) that appeared across all addresses for that physician. Since the presence of insurers in each state may vary, and the consistency of physician information decreases as a physician is found in more directories, we repeated this state-level analysis stratifying by the number of directories in which a physician appeared to account for potential differential ascertainment of consistency information based on the presence of number of insurers in each state.

In supplemental analysis, we additionally evaluated pair-wise consistency of physician directory address, phone number, and specialty information between each individual insurer and PECOS directly.

All analyses were conducted using Python version 3.4 (Python Software Foundation) and SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).

Of 634,914 unique physicians in the PECOS database, 449,282 were found in ≥ 2 directories and included in our sample. Consistency of address information varied from 16.5 to 27.9% across insurers, consistency of phone number information varied from 16.0 to 27.4%, and consistency of specialty information varied from 64.2 to 68.0% across insurers (Fig.  1 ). Similar patterns were observed when each individual insurer was compared to PECOS directly, though address consistency was higher (ranging from 41 to 50% across insurers), phone number consistency was lower (ranging from 14 to 32% across insurers), and specialty consistency was higher (ranging from 80 to 87% across insurers; Supplemental Fig.  1 ).

Consistency of physician address, phone number, and specialty information by insurer compared to other insurer directories

Among physicians with consistent specialty information, address and phone number consistency varied considerably by physician specialty (Table  1 ). General practice, family medicine, plastic surgery, and dermatology physicians had the highest consistency of addresses (37-42%) and phone numbers (37-43%), whereas anesthesiology, nuclear medicine, radiology, and emergency medicine had the lowest consistency of address (11–21%) and phone number (9–14%) information across health insurer directories. Physicians in specialties that deliver primary care (general practice, family medicine, preventive medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine, and obstetrics & gynecology) had consistency of addresses 31% of the time and phone numbers 30% of the time in aggregate.

There was marked variation in consistency of address information by state (Fig.  2 A), with only 13% of physicians having consistent addresses in Minnesota and 47% of physicians having consistent addresses in Washington, D.C. Similarly, there was marked variation in consistency of phone number information by state (Fig.  2 B), with only 6% of physicians having consistent phone numbers in North Dakota and 39% of physicians having consistent phone numbers in Florida. There was less variation in consistency of specialty information by state (Fig.  2 C), though this still ranged from 54% of physicians having consistent specialty information in Minnesota to 82% of physicians having consistent specialty information in Alaska. Similar patterns across states were observed when stratifying by number of directories in which a physician was found (Supplemental Figs.  2 – 4 ).

Variation in physician information by state (heat map)

In evaluating a large national sample of U.S. physicians, we found considerable variation in consistency of health plan directory information by specialty and state, but less variation by insurer.

The low variation in physician data consistency by insurer is suggestive of the systemic nature of the provider data quality problem across insurers, irrespective of individual insurer processes. All physician directory information originates from physician practices, which face tremendous administrative burden to send physician information to insurers in distinct formats via disparate mechanisms on different schedules [ 14 ]. Prior U.S. legislation, as well as the REAL Health Providers Act bill that is currently under consideration, has primarily targeted insurers to maintain accurate directories; however, newer policy solutions may be more successful if they incorporate provider groups as well to address another source of the provider data quality problem.

The magnitude of inconsistency of address and phone number information for physicians in all specialties was high. All specialties had < 50% consistency of physician addresses and phone numbers across health insurer directories examined. Reassuringly, primary care physicians and those that receive many direct patient referrals (plastic surgery and dermatology) had the greatest consistency across addresses and phone numbers, despite often practicing in multiple locations. In contrast, physicians with the lowest consistency across addresses and phone numbers were those that rarely had direct patient referrals (anesthesiology, nuclear medicine, radiology, emergency medicine), for which a health plan provider directory may be less important to ensure access to care. These data suggest that physician practices may be responsive to incentives to improve provider directory accuracy, given that specialties with a higher degree of interface with patients often had better provider data quality. Future policy solutions could leverage physician incentives further to improve directory quality.

We found considerable variation in address, phone number, and specialty data quality by state. However, the key drivers of this variation are unclear. States vary in their enforcement strategy for national laws pertaining to provider directory accuracy that target insurers [ 15 ]. Additionally, many states have specific laws on health plan provider directory quality targeting insurers, but they are variably enforced [ 9 ]. Notably, California has had several documented enforcements of state laws regarding provider directories in recent years [ 1 ]. but it remains near the median nationally in terms of provider data quality. Future research into the drivers of state variation in provider directory quality remains a rich area for further inquiry.

In the United States, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has proposed the creation of a National Directory of Healthcare Providers and Services, which would be a single, centralized system that would aim to reduce the burden for insurers and physicians while promoting real-time accuracy for patients [ 16 ]. This unified solution would engage both insurers and physician groups, though would require a radical shift in the way physician data is transmitted between entities. Notably, the PECOS directory is currently meant to be a national “gold standard” source of provider information for physicians who treat Medicare patients, but repeated Office of Inspector General investigations have found this to have substantial inaccuracies [ 17 ]. These findings are consistent with the results from the pairwise comparisons between individual insurers and PECOS in our study, which reaffirm the large magnitude of inconsistencies in this existing U.S. national government-run provider directory. An alternative, less-disruptive policy solution that may be easier to implement would be to create a national standard by which to exchange provider directory information, similar to administrative claims.

Internationally, many government agencies maintain centralized provider directories, in part by necessity as a function of operating public healthcare delivery systems, such as the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. In such contexts, accurate provider directory information is a key input to health workforce planning, which has implications for the short-term allocation of the healthcare workforce as well as the long-term development of the healthcare workforce through targeted investment in training programs. Some evidence suggests that inaccuracies are also present in high magnitude in such government-maintained directories [ 18 , 19 ], though a thorough evaluation of provider directory accuracy in most countries is lacking. Recognizing the need to streamline and improve provider data, in early 2023, the Australian Digital Health Agency launched Provider Connect Australia (PCA) [ 20 ], which is a unified database that streamlines access to provider information for patients and other healthcare entities. Given many parallels between the healthcare systems of Australia and the United States, it will be important to gauge the success of PCA in enrolling provider groups and the accuracy of its information as the world looks to PCA as a model for forward-thinking technology-enabled national provider directory.

In this report evaluating health plan physician directory consistency for over 40% of all US physicians, we found minimal variation by insurer and considerable variation by physician specialty and state. These data highlight the importance of novel policy solutions to centralize provider directories or create national and state-level standards. Future legislation should engage both insurers and physician groups to maximize quality of provider information.

Data availability

Deidentified participant data can be made available at time of publication upon reasonable request to researchers for analyses pertaining to physician directory data quality by contacting the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System

Requiring Enhanced and Accurate Lists of Health Providers Act

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Acknowledgements

NB is supported by grants from the Boettcher Foundation and the American Heart Association.

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Neel M. Butala

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Contributions

NB contributed to idea generation, analysis and interpretation of results, and writing of manuscript. KJ contributed to data aggregation and analysis and critical revision of manuscript. EB contributed to analysis and interpretation of results and critical revision of manuscript. NB and EB had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Neel M. Butala .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

This study was not considered human subjects research as all data were available in publicly accessible health insurer provider directories and therefore there was no interaction or interventions with any individuals or use of any private information. Therefore, this was deemed exempt from Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board review. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

NB and KJ report personal fees from HiLabs outside the submitted work. EB reports that her spouse has received personal fees from HiLabs outside the submitted work. This analysis was initiated independent of any of HiLabs products or financial interests. HiLabs did not have any direct input into the analysis or interpretation of the data. HiLabs had no role in the design and conduct of the study, preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

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Butala, N.M., Jiwani, K. & Bucholz, E.M. Characterizing physician directory data quality: variation by specialty, state, and insurer. BMC Health Serv Res 24 , 808 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11269-5

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11269-5

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• American Journal of Clinical Dermatology is a journal presenting the evidence-based articles and clinically focussed studies covering all aspects of dermatology.
• Annals of Dermatology is an official peer-reviewed publication of the latest research outcomes and recent trends in dermatology.
• Dermatology Case Reports Journal is a peer-reviewed journal that includes a wide range of topics in this field including Cosmetic Dermatology, Dermatology, Cosmetic Surgery, skin disorders, Dermatological Oncology, Dermatopathology, cutaneous lymphoma.
• Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology is a peer-reviewed journal covering the latest clinical and experimental research in all aspects of skin disease and its cosmetic interventions.
• Clinical Dermatology and Dermatitis is a peer-reviewed medical journal sharing the useful knowledge of clinicians, medical practitioners.
• Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology is a peer-reviewed journal containing official and scientific publications and aiming to satisfy the educational needs of the dermatology community.
• Journal of Investigative Dermatology is a peer-reviewed journal that is related to all aspects of cutaneous biology and skin diseases.
• JAMA Dermatology is is a monthly peer-reviewed journal by the American Medical Association that covers the diagnosis and treatment of all possible dermatological issues.
• The Skin Cancer Foundation is an international organization providing the public and the medical community with information about skin cancer. For example, you can examine some skin cancer facts and statistics to support your own research or essay.
• The Society for Melanoma Research is an organization formed by scientific and medical investigators to alleviate the suffering of people with melanoma.

3 Points to Choose the ‘Best’ Topic for a Thesis

Good research depends on many factors, and a well-chosen topic is that you should start with. You can know how to write and edit a thesis properly, but the final quality of the research process will depend on what topic is chosen. Make sure that the following points are applied to your thesis topic:

• Originality. A degree of originality is a key requirement for academic writing. Everyone hears about plagiarism issues at colleges or universities. In the case when you take into consideration the same topic that has been already explored, nobody will punish for that. However, you should keep in mind that it won’t be highly appreciated as well. Try to shed light on the issue from another perspective if you’ve already chosen an investigated matter. Otherwise, you risk not standing out in the academic field. Hopefully, you won’t pursue this path.
• Research interests. Always when you are short of ideas to cover, rely on the research interests – think of what could be interesting for people both in and outside the field of study, and get them excited about your research. In other words, your thesis should lead to answers for big important questions that are in mind of people.
• Manageability. Remember that developing any research idea means investing enough time and energy. However, there are some topics that are easy to consider, but much harder to write on. Think of the simplest way you will do your research, and how you would go about it. As a result, you should press ahead with the simple action plan first. Only then, you can make a final choice.

Although all these points play a great role in choosing a well-run topic for a thesis, you should stay within the proper context of the field of study to answer a research question to the fullest extent – an average idea that is well-executed is much better than a brilliant idea that is executed badly. Remember it and look at the example of writing on one of the dermatology topics.

The Impact of Hormones on the Skin

First and foremost, disbalance of hormones affects human skin that is caused by the number of problems such as consumption of non-organic food, inappropriate diet, and sugar balance, lack of sleep and exercise, and stress. Hormones are deeply integrated into chemical signals created in organs including adrenal glands, ovaries, and thyroid glands that influence other tissues. Estrogen, testosterone, and thyroid are the most important hormones that need to be regulated to have healthy skin and keep the body organism in balance.

Estrogen is primarily considered to be the female hormone that controls the reproductive system and fertility/libido levels. The decline of estrogens leads to the dehydration and poor skin as well as a small amount of blood flow to the skin. The skin becomes thin and sallow losing the accurate lines and healthy look. As a result, the wrinkles appear; the skin around the lips and eyes sags and loses its vibrancy.

To keep estrogens in balance, the person should consume natural foods adding flax seeds and soy to the diet that fasten estrogen metabolism. It helps to prevent the excess level of the hormone and protect the organism from such dangerous disease as breast cancer. Furthermore, herbs involving hops, maca, and black cohosh can also be used to increase estrogen levels in women. Bio-identical hormone therapy under the control of the well-trained professional can also be beneficial to regulate estrogen level.

Testosterone is a principally male hormone that is responsible for muscle and fat gain as well as stimulation of libido. This hormone helps to produce the sebum that is essential to keep the skin moist and nurturing. During the period of puberty and menopause, the levels of testosterone are on the rise that makes the skin too oily. That is why, in the teenage, individuals suffer from acne that may continue in the adult age if it is not treated. To manage hormone, people are recommended to avoid consuming dairy products and eat foods rich in zinc and omega.

The thyroid is another hormone which imbalance can cause dry skin or its thickening with reduction of sweat. On the contrary, the abundance of thyroid results in the smooth, flushed, and sweaty skin. The thyroid imbalance is exacerbated when the patient also faces difficulties with digestion and proper metabolism as well as fatigue. To improve the condition of the skin, one needs to consume fatty acids involving omega-3 that are present in walnuts, salmon, algae, and eggs. The poor diet lacking these fats leads to acne and makes the skin dry.

Now, we are sure our extensive experience and research enable us to reliably offer you the best, and the most current, options available – writing on any topic you wish.

Hopefully, we are useful for you so that you can say, “I manage to do my thesis as expected from me”.

Too busy to write your paper by yourself?

Suggestions or feedback?

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Study reveals how an anesthesia drug induces unconsciousness

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There are many drugs that anesthesiologists can use to induce unconsciousness in patients. Exactly how these drugs cause the brain to lose consciousness has been a longstanding question, but MIT neuroscientists have now answered that question for one commonly used anesthesia drug.

Using a novel technique for analyzing neuron activity, the researchers discovered that the drug propofol induces unconsciousness by disrupting the brain’s normal balance between stability and excitability. The drug causes brain activity to become increasingly unstable, until the brain loses consciousness.

“The brain has to operate on this knife’s edge between excitability and chaos. It’s got to be excitable enough for its neurons to influence one another, but if it gets too excitable, it spins off into chaos. Propofol seems to disrupt the mechanisms that keep the brain in that narrow operating range,” says Earl K. Miller, the Picower Professor of Neuroscience and a member of MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory.

The new findings, reported today in Neuron , could help researchers develop better tools for monitoring patients as they undergo general anesthesia.

Miller and Ila Fiete, a professor of brain and cognitive sciences, the director of the K. Lisa Yang Integrative Computational Neuroscience Center (ICoN), and a member of MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research, are the senior authors of the new study. MIT graduate student Adam Eisen and MIT postdoc Leo Kozachkov are the lead authors of the paper.

Losing consciousness

Propofol is a drug that binds to GABA receptors in the brain, inhibiting neurons that have those receptors. Other anesthesia drugs act on different types of receptors, and the mechanism for how all of these drugs produce unconsciousness is not fully understood.

Miller, Fiete, and their students hypothesized that propofol, and possibly other anesthesia drugs, interfere with a brain state known as “dynamic stability.” In this state, neurons have enough excitability to respond to new input, but the brain is able to quickly regain control and prevent them from becoming overly excited.

Previous studies of how anesthesia drugs affect this balance have found conflicting results: Some suggested that during anesthesia, the brain shifts toward becoming too stable and unresponsive, which leads to loss of consciousness. Others found that the brain becomes too excitable, leading to a chaotic state that results in unconsciousness.

Part of the reason for these conflicting results is that it has been difficult to accurately measure dynamic stability in the brain. Measuring dynamic stability as consciousness is lost would help researchers determine if unconsciousness results from too much stability or too little stability.

In this study, the researchers analyzed electrical recordings made in the brains of animals that received propofol over an hour-long period, during which they gradually lost consciousness. The recordings were made in four areas of the brain that are involved in vision, sound processing, spatial awareness, and executive function.

These recordings covered only a tiny fraction of the brain’s overall activity, so to overcome that, the researchers used a technique called delay embedding. This technique allows researchers to characterize dynamical systems from limited measurements by augmenting each measurement with measurements that were recorded previously.

Using this method, the researchers were able to quantify how the brain responds to sensory inputs, such as sounds, or to spontaneous perturbations of neural activity.

In the normal, awake state, neural activity spikes after any input, then returns to its baseline activity level. However, once propofol dosing began, the brain started taking longer to return to its baseline after these inputs, remaining in an overly excited state. This effect became more and more pronounced until the animals lost consciousness.

This suggests that propofol’s inhibition of neuron activity leads to escalating instability, which causes the brain to lose consciousness, the researchers say.

Better anesthesia control

To see if they could replicate this effect in a computational model, the researchers created a simple neural network. When they increased the inhibition of certain nodes in the network, as propofol does in the brain, network activity became destabilized, similar to the unstable activity the researchers saw in the brains of animals that received propofol.

“We looked at a simple circuit model of interconnected neurons, and when we turned up inhibition in that, we saw a destabilization. So, one of the things we’re suggesting is that an increase in inhibition can generate instability, and that is subsequently tied to loss of consciousness,” Eisen says.

As Fiete explains, “This paradoxical effect, in which boosting inhibition destabilizes the network rather than silencing or stabilizing it, occurs because of disinhibition. When propofol boosts the inhibitory drive, this drive inhibits other inhibitory neurons, and the result is an overall increase in brain activity.”

The researchers suspect that other anesthetic drugs, which act on different types of neurons and receptors, may converge on the same effect through different mechanisms — a possibility that they are now exploring.

If this turns out to be true, it could be helpful to the researchers’ ongoing efforts to develop ways to more precisely control the level of anesthesia that a patient is experiencing. These systems, which Miller is working on with Emery Brown, the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering at MIT, work by measuring the brain’s dynamics and then adjusting drug dosages accordingly, in real-time.

“If you find common mechanisms at work across different anesthetics, you can make them all safer by tweaking a few knobs, instead of having to develop safety protocols for all the different anesthetics one at a time,” Miller says. “You don’t want a different system for every anesthetic they’re going to use in the operating room. You want one that’ll do it all.”

The researchers also plan to apply their technique for measuring dynamic stability to other brain states, including neuropsychiatric disorders.

“This method is pretty powerful, and I think it’s going to be very exciting to apply it to different brain states, different types of anesthetics, and also other neuropsychiatric conditions like depression and schizophrenia,” Fiete says.

The research was funded by the Office of Naval Research, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National Science Foundation Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, the Simons Center for the Social Brain, the Simons Collaboration on the Global Brain, the JPB Foundation, the McGovern Institute, and the Picower Institute. 

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Press mentions.

MIT scientists have discovered how propofol, a commonly used anesthetic, induces unconsciousness, reports Adam Kovac for Gizmodo . “The new research indicates that [propofol] works by interfering with a brain’s ‘dynamic stability’ – a state where neurons can respond to input, but the brain is able to keep them from getting too excited,” explains Kovac. 

IFL Science

MIT researchers have discovered how propofol, a commonly used anesthetic, works on the brain, reports Francesca Benson for IFL Science . The research studied “the differences between an awake brain and one under anesthesia by looking at the stability of the brain’s activity,” writes Bensen. 

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52 Dermatology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best dermatology topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on dermatology, ⭐ simple & easy dermatology essay titles.

• Inflamed Skin, Atopic Dermatitis and Melasma Besides the lip sensitivity patient’s condition of atopic dermatitis is also referred to a dermatologist to further assess the condition and may recommend topical solutions and medication which aestheticians are not specialized to prescribe any […]
• Medical Diagnostics in Gynecology and Dermatology The presence of similar skin defects at the patient’s recent sexual partners and the previous existence of similar skin defects on the patient’s skin and mucosae can define the duration of the disease and the […]
• Dermatology and Telemedicine in Dubai The analysis revealed that the strengths of dermatological telemedicine in Dubai are the availability to every citizen and a high degree of technological development.
• Characteristics of Allergic Contact Dermatitis It is known that “allergic contact dermatitis is caused by a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to contact allergens. Patients must then be provided with practical behavioral modifications to help decrease the inflammatory response of this disease.
• Pressure Ulcers and Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Prevention In regards to the condition of pressure ulcers, proceedings and the policy state that every resident requires to have an assessment of the skin together with a treatment plan in line with maintaining the skin […]
• Infantile Atopic Dermatitis The important consideration here is the age at which breast milk is introduced rather than the duration of the breastfeeding.”Atopic dermatitis, the most common form of eczema, can be reduced through exclusive breastfeeding beyond 12 […]
• Health and Medicine: Atopic Dermatitis Babies who suffer from atopic dermatitis and other allergies should start to intake solid food only after they are 6 months old since a delay in the starting of solid food in these babies may […]
• Changes Introduced by Digital Camera in Dermatology The introduction of solid digital sensors meant led to the development of point-and-shoot cameras that fits in a pocket. Therefore, the introduction of black and white photography in the mid-nineteenth century helped the doctors to […]
• American Society for Dermatologic Surgery In this, the manager and the staff at the stores get to be aware of the store goals and their roles in achieving the same.
• Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis Differential Diagnosis The description of the patient’s rash roughly matches the symptoms of the condition, particularly with regards to the specifics of the area.
• Gastrointestinal Diseases: Dermatological Manifestations A gastrointestinal disease is a form of infection that affects the gastrointestinal tract, which is composed of the stomach, the liver, gallbladder, rectum, intestines, and the esophagus, among others.
• The Role of Patient and Public Involvement in Evidence-Based Dermatology
• Equipment for Cosmetic Dermatology Clinic
• Esthetic Dermatology and Emotional Well-Being According to Gender
• Dermatologic Conditions in Down Syndrome
• Ice Anesthesia in Procedural Dermatology
• Applications of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Dermatology
• Frequency of Oral Conditions in a Dermatology Clinic
• Perspectives in Cosmetic Dermatology
• The Borderline Syndrome in Psychosomatic Dermatology
• The Family Dermatology Life Quality Index
• Equipment for Plastic Dermatology Clinic
• The Impact of COVID-19 on North American Dermatology Practices
• Genetic Testing in Veterinary Dermatology
• Long-Term Safety of Biologics in Dermatology
• Skin Tropical Infections and Dermatology in Travellers
• Use of Lasers in Dermatology
• Cell Therapy in Dermatology
• Sexual Dysfunction in Dermatological Diseases
• Systemic Therapy in Paediatric Dermatology
• Use of Vegetable Oils in Dermatology
• Social Media Use in Pediatric Dermatology
• Emerging Topical and Systemic Jak Inhibitors in Dermatology
• Current Situation of Dermatologic Surgery in Germany
• Therapeutic Potential of Adipose Tissue Derivatives in Modern Dermatology
• Diagnostic Microbiology in Veterinary Dermatology: Present and Future
• Topical Antibacterial Agents in Dermatology
• Emerging Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Dermatology
• The Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index
• Cosmetic Dermatology in Ethnic Skin
• Dermatologic Complications of Orthopedic Dressing in Pediatric Patients
• Recent Advances in Medical Dermatology
• Emerging Applications of Nanomedicine in Dermatology
• New Diagnostic and Imaging Technologies in Dermatology
• The Potential of Microfluidic Devices in Dermatology
• Consumer Empowerment in Dermatology
• Stem Cell Therapy in Veterinary Dermatology
• Preventive Dermatology: A Point of View and a Challenge
• The Role of the Consumer and the Public in Evidence-Based Dermatology
• Women Leaders in American Dermatology
• Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs in Dermatology
• Nursing Theory Questions
• Plastic Surgery Essay Titles
• Pathogenesis Research Ideas
• Wellness Essay Topics
• Palliative Care Research Topics
• Johnson & Johnson Essay Titles
• Procter & Gamble Topics
• Anesthesiology Essay Topics
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, September 26). 52 Dermatology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/dermatology-essay-topics/

"52 Dermatology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 26 Sept. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/dermatology-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2023) '52 Dermatology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 26 September.

IvyPanda . 2023. "52 Dermatology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." September 26, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/dermatology-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "52 Dermatology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." September 26, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/dermatology-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "52 Dermatology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." September 26, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/dermatology-essay-topics/.

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