ways to end a personal statement

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How To End A Personal Statement So The Admissions Committee Remembers You

• Published January 20, 2023

Students are often unsure of  how to end a personal statement.  A strong conclusion makes all the difference in whether your application gets noticed by admissions officers or not.

If you’ve just finished writing your personal statement and you’re stuck on your ending, then don’t worry! This article will walk you through the essentials of personal statement conclusions.

Avoid writing a tedious and forgettable ending for your personal statement by following these rules.

Talk About Your Main Points

Don’t end your final paragraph by stating what you’ve never mentioned in the body of your personal statement. Remember, the purpose of your conclusion is to  wrap up  the package.

You shouldn’t say, “My experiences kindled my passion for engineering,” if you didn’t mention these “experiences” in the first place!

So actually summarising your key main body points is a great conclusion in many cases.

Summarise Your Key Points In A Simple Way

After reading thousands of personal statements, the admissions committee will be happy to see you concluding your personal statement with a clear summarisation of the vital points. 

Go over your personal statement and jot down the main takeaway of each paragraph. Once you have that list, find a way to integrate them into your conclusion.

You can dedicate a sentence to each key point, tie them all together, and you now have a conclusion that does what it’s supposed to do!

Use Your Key Points To Restate Your Passion For Your Course

If you’re wondering how to end your personal statement using your key points, use them to restate your passion for the course you’re applying for.

Say your key points including your skills and experiences, and wrap them up by saying, “With the [your specific skills] and [your specific experiences] I’ve gained over the years, I’m committed to [mention your course].”

By doing so, you’re hitting two birds with one stone. One, you’re reminding the admissions committee that you have the skill set necessary to succeed in your course. Two, you’re demonstrating your dedication to your desired course.

Double Down On Your “Why”

Another powerful ending is to remind the reader of your “why.” Many students pursue their chosen course because they’re not sure what else to take.

So being clear on your purpose immediately sets you apart from the rest. 

To do this, take the most heart-moving story from the body of your personal statement on what inspired you to apply for your course. Mention the main idea of it in a sentence or two, then end with a “for this reason, I believe pursuing [mention course] is the best way to achieve my [state your why].”

If your course is related to education, perhaps your “why” is to help children learn by allowing them to show how they learn best.

Say you’re writing a medical personal statement . Maybe your “why” is to forward technology that helps safeguard the elderly from falling accidents because you witnessed your grandparent suffer injuries from a fall when you were young.

Doubling down on your “why” shows your conviction and direction on why you’re applying for your course.

Mention The Next Step Of Your Application Process

What’s the next step after the admissions committee accepts your personal statement? For many courses, they’ll call you up for an interview . Go ahead and mention this in your conclusion!

Write along the lines of “I’m looking forward to dedicating myself to this course, and I would love to receive an invitation for the interview.”

The reader will right away recognise that you’ve done your research. You know what the next step should be. You  are  serious about this application!

Make The Universities Excited To Have You As Their Student

Studying at a university is not merely a means to an end. It’s a profound journey in and of itself! You’ll meet new colleagues, form lifelong communities, and discover mentors who will guide you along with your future career.

Think of them when you’re pondering on how to end a personal statement. What can you contribute as a student to make the university a better place? Demonstrate your excitement in meeting them, building relationships with them, and serving them!

A statement as straightforward as “I am eager to establish new, lifelong relationships and use my [mention your skills] to help make the university a better place for learning and community-building.”

Demonstrate Your Willingness To Learn

Universities exist to train and mould students, not the other way around! A little humility goes a long way. Show yours by demonstrating your willingness to learn. Nothing excites teachers more than willing students.

To pull this off, make sure you know what values your course upholds. It could be service, excellence, inclusivity, and so on. State in your conclusion that “I’m looking forward to learning how to embody [write down the course’s values you resonate with], to grow and succeed in [mention your field of study].”

There’s so much value packed in this simple personal statement ending. Tweak it and make it yours!

Avoid Famous Quotes

Many students insert famous quotes from well-known persons when ending their personal statements. Avoid this tactic as much as possible because you’re driving attention  away  from YOU as the applicant.

If you want to include famous quotes, put them at the beginning of your personal statement to grab attention. To keep your reader’s attention focused on you in the end, why not come up with a memorable, relevant quote of your own?

Use The Bookend Strategy

Bookends are sturdy objects placed at either end of upright books to keep them standing. When you translate that into writing, the bookend strategy is when the introduction and conclusion statements connect to support the body between them.

You may start your personal statement with a heart-wrenching story about how you watched your beloved pet die of the wrong diagnosis. Then, for your conclusion, you can call back on this story and state how this event fuels you to pursue veterinary practice.

The bookend strategy is a clean and efficient way how to end your personal statement.

Ask Help From Your Family And Friends

If you’re still stuck on how to end a personal statement, don’t be afraid to ask for help. Approach your family and friends because they know you more than anyone. Read to them the introduction and body of your personal statement.

Ask them what particular line struck them the most. Maybe they know something about you that you missed including in your personal statement. What characteristics do they see in you that will help you succeed in your course?

Gather their answers in one place, and after reading them in one go, you now have a decent idea of what to emphasise in your conclusion statement.

Never State That It’s The “Conclusion” Or “Summary”

The most boring, generic way to end a personal statement is to write “In conclusion” or “In summary.” It’s actually one of the topics we cover in  what not to put in a personal statement .

Avoid this writing style at all costs. A good conclusion statement doesn’t require explicit announcements.

By its style and structure alone, the reader knows immediately they’re about to read a lasting statement. So don’t hesitate to proceed straight to the major points. As long as the conclusion connects seamlessly with the previous paragraph, you’re good to go!

Stay Authentic

Universities hold honesty in high esteem. Show authenticity and honesty in your personal statement beginning with an attention-grabbing introduction to a strong conclusion.

The best way to radiate honesty in your personal statement is to write from the right mindset. When you work on your personal statement, your objective is to show  who you are and demonstrate why you are a worthy candidate for the course .

Don’t try to impress. If you come from that standpoint, you’re more likely to add embellishments. The experienced admissions committee can smell insincere personal statements from a mile away. So stick with who you are and let your personality shine through.

Give Yourself A Break, Then Come Back To It

When working on how to conclude a personal statement, you need to give yourself time. After writing a rough draft of your conclusion statement, take a break and return to it after a few days. 

When you return to it, you’ll be surprised to notice details you haven’t seen before. Edit as you like, and make it better. Keep the old versions of your conclusion at hand so you can readily compare them with your newest, edited text. Compare and choose which one sounds better.

5 Bad Examples For A Personal Statement Conclusion

These are 5 personal statement examples for conclusions that don’t meet the criteria outlined above.

• In this application essay, I have made it clear I am an outstanding candidate for a degree because I think everyone will love my positive attitude and I deserve it.
• In summary, you can see my highlighted qualifications and experience, I know they’re not the best, but I want to stress that my passion for this field is what sets me apart as a candidate. It shouldn’t matter if the others are more qualified or experienced than me.
• Remember the skills I have, that’s really what sets me apart from other students, they don’t have what it takes to break the rules creatively and not follow the book.
• Finally, I would like to thank you for considering me for this opportunity and I hope you will make the right decision by choosing me, otherwise, I may cry and be disappointed.
• As a final note, it’s easy to see how qualified I am for this degree and how I will excel in it – but you should accept me because I’m cool and will get along with everyone else.

5 Amazing Examples Of A Personal Statement Ending

• In conclusion, I am excited about the opportunity to study computer science at this university. My passion for technology, combined with my programming skills and experience, make me an ideal candidate for the program. I am eager to learn from the esteemed faculty and contribute to the research community. I am confident that this program will enable me to achieve my career goals and make a meaningful impact in the field of technology.
• In summary, I have always been fascinated by the human body and its functions. My experience in volunteering in hospitals, combined with my academic record, makes me confident in my ability to handle the rigours of a medical degree. I am excited about the opportunity to study at this esteemed university and to contribute to the field of medicine through research and patient care.
• To wrap things up, I am excited to pursue a degree in Mechanical Engineering at this university. My passion for designing and building, combined with my experience in physics and mathematics, make me confident that I have the knowledge and skills to excel in this program. I am eager to learn from the esteemed faculty and contribute to the field of mechanical engineering through research and innovation.
• Finally, I am honoured to be considered for a law degree at this university. My passion for justice, combined with my research skills and experience, make me an ideal candidate for the program. I am excited about the opportunity to learn from the esteemed faculty and to contribute to the legal field through research and practice.
• As a final note, I am excited to pursue a degree in Environmental Science at this university. My passion for the environment, combined with my experience in environmental research, makes me confident that I have the knowledge and skills to make a meaningful impact in this field. I am eager to learn from the esteemed faculty and contribute to the field through research and conservation efforts.

How Long Should the Conclusion To A Personal Statement Be?

A personal statement conclusion should be 150-200 words long and leave a positive lasting impression on the reader. A UCAS personal statement should be 4000 characters long, making the conclusion 705-940 characters long – this is just a rough estimation based on the average number of characters per word (4.7).

Do You Feel More Confident Writing A Personal Statement Conclusion?

To  end your personal statement  in the best possible way, you need to know the body’s key points. Use them as pillars when deciding which direction your conclusion takes. 

Will you highlight your future goals? Maybe you want to focus on your why? Take the time to decide. And if you’re stuck, don’t hesitate to ask for help from your family and friends so you can leave a lasting impression on the applications committee.

How much did this article help you out? Don’t forget to bookmark this page for future reference!

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How to End a Personal Statement: Writing a Conclusion

Reviewed by:

Former Admissions Committee Member, Columbia University

Reviewed: 4/26/24

When you know how to end a personal statement, you boost your chances of making a lasting impact on the admissions committee. It's all about making sure they remember you in a positive way. ‍

Crafting a compelling personal statement is the cherry on top of your college application essay. It's that final chance to leave a lasting impression on the admissions committee, to wrap up your story with finesse, and to underscore why you're the ideal candidate for their institution. 

So, let's delve into the art of writing a powerful conclusion that will make your application shine.

The Importance of a Strong Conclusion

Just like a personal statement introduction , the importance of a strong conclusion in your college application personal statement cannot be overstated. It's your last chance to leave a powerful impression on the admissions committee by summarizing your key points and reinforcing your main message.

A well-crafted conclusion offers clarity, closure, and reflection while expressing your enthusiasm for the future. It's the finishing touch that can make your personal statement truly memorable.

Defining the Purpose of a Personal Statement Conclusion

The conclusion of a personal statement plays an important role:

• Reinforces Your Core Message : It strengthens the central message or theme that runs through your personal statement, leaving a lasting impression of your candidacy.
• Recaps Key Element s: It concisely summarizes the main ideas, important experiences, and notable achievements highlighted in your essay, offering a quick reminder of your qualifications.
• Leaves an Impact : Similar to a memorable closing scene in a movie, a well-crafted conclusion can have a powerful impact. Whether through a thought-provoking question, an impactful quote, or a glimpse into your future goals, it aims to engage the reader's thoughts and emotions.
• Demonstrates Your Writing Skills : Your conclusion also shows off your writing abilities, highlighting your capacity to convey your message effectively and memorably.

The conclusion adds the final touch to your personal statement. It brings clarity, wraps things up, and encourages reflection while showing your excitement for the future. Remember, a personal statement is not a statement of purpose . 

It’s all about explaining why you’re the right candidate for the program you’re applying to, rather than simply explaining why you’re applying. You need to stand out! This is your final opportunity to leave a strong impression on the admissions committee, making sure they understand why you're an exceptional applicant.

Selecting the Right Approach for Concluding

When you're reaching the end of your personal statement, it's crucial to select an approach that harmonizes with the tone and message of your essay. Take a moment to reflect on the story you've shared and the impression you aim to leave with the admissions committee.

If your personal statement has revolved around a narrative, a reflective conclusion that links back to your story can be fitting. Conversely, if your essay leans towards analysis or persuasion, you might opt to restate your main argument or emphasize the key points. 

Think about what will resonate most with your reader, and make sure your conclusion seamlessly follows the flow of your preceding content. This ensures a cohesive and impactful ending to your personal statement.

Summarizing Key Points

A concise summary can be highly effective in the conclusion of your personal statement. Revisit the main points, experiences, or achievements you've shared in your essay. This summary provides a quick refresher for the reader and reinforces your most significant qualifications and attributes.

It's a way to emphasize what makes you a strong candidate without restating everything in your essay. Keep it brief and focused, highlighting the highlights that best support your application. This approach ensures that your conclusion leaves a lasting impression while staying concise and to the point.

Reiterating the Thesis or Main Message

In your personal statement, you often have a central theme or message, such as your passion for a subject, your dedication to community service , or your ability to overcome challenges. Reiterating this thesis or main message in the conclusion is valuable.

By reinforcing the importance of your central theme and explaining how it relates to your desire to be a part of the college community, you can leave a strong and lasting impression on the admissions committee. This restatement emphasizes your unique qualities and aspirations, helping your personal statement stand out.

Ending With a Thought-Provoking Question

Ending your personal statement with a thought-provoking question can engage the reader and invite them to reflect further on your essay's themes. This question should tie back to your story and message, encouraging the admissions committee to consider its implications. 

However, be mindful not to make the question overly open-ended. Instead, guide the reader toward thoughtful reflection on your experiences and goals, reinforcing your candidacy effectively.

Closing With a Powerful Quote

Adding a meaningful quote to your conclusion can elevate your personal statement. Just make sure it aligns with your essay's themes and provides valuable insights. A well-picked quote connects your story to a broader perspective, making a lasting impact.

Suggesting Future Goals or Intentions

If your future goals align with the college you're applying to, your conclusion can serve as a bridge between your past experiences and your future aspirations. You can briefly mention how your journey has prepared you for what lies ahead and how you intend to contribute to the college community. 

This not only demonstrates your enthusiasm but also highlights the value you'll bring to the college. Just ensure that your future intentions feel authentic and well-aligned with your personal narrative.

In a nutshell, your choice of conclusion approach can make a world of difference in how your personal statement lands with the admissions committee. The right conclusion, like the perfect closing note of a melody, can leave a lasting impression that resonates with those who read it.

Determining the Most Suitable Conclusion Approach

Keep reading for the key points on how to determine the most suitable conclusion approach for your personal statement:

• Identify Your Main Message : Begin by pinpointing your personal statement's central theme or message. What have you been trying to convey throughout your essay? This central message should guide your choice of conclusion.
• Consider Your Audience : Think about the admissions committee who will be reading your personal statement. What type of conclusion would resonate with them? Consider what qualities or values they seek in prospective students.
• Match the Style : Reflect on the style of your essay. Have you been narrating a story, reflecting on experiences, making a persuasive argument, or analyzing a topic? Your conclusion should align with the style you've used throughout your essay.
• Authenticity Is Key : Ensure that your conclusion is authentic and true to your own voice. It should reflect your genuine self and not feel forced or insincere.
• Don't Shy Away from Unconventional Approaches : Sometimes, a slightly unconventional conclusion approach can leave a more memorable impression. Don't be afraid to step out of your comfort zone if it enhances your message and connection with the reader.
• Seek Feedback : Share your conclusion approach with trusted individuals who are familiar with college applications. They can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of your chosen approach.
• Get Support : Don't be afraid to ask for assistance if you need it. Our team of experts is here to provide personalized support in crafting your personal statement introduction, making sure it truly stands out.

Your conclusion is your final opportunity to make an impact, so choose an approach that feels right for you and effectively conveys your message to the admissions committee.

Check out our database of over 55 free college personal statement examples . It's your go-to resource for crafting a standout statement that reflects your goals and experiences. Whether you're applying for undergrad or grad school, we've got you covered with diverse examples to inspire your writing. Dive in and unleash the potential of your application!

How Long Should the Conclusion of a Personal Statement Be?

When it comes to the length of your personal statement conclusion, try to keep it around 150 to 200 words. This range strikes the right balance between wrapping up your essay effectively and leaving a memorable mark on your reader.

Remember, though, that different application platforms may have specific word limit guidelines. For instance, the Common Application allows for personal statements ranging from 250 to 650 words, while the Coalition Application suggests 500 to 650 words. QuestBridge, on the other hand, typically sticks to a 650-word limit.

So, as you craft your conclusion, always keep an eye on those word limits. Staying within them showcases your ability to convey your message concisely and demonstrates your adherence to application guidelines, which admissions committees appreciate.

It's your chance to end your personal statement on a high note, leaving a positive and lasting impression.

Tips for Personal Statement Endings

Writing an effective personal statement ending for your college application is crucial. Here are some tips to help you create a compelling and memorable conclusion:

• Reflect on Your Journey : Take a moment to think about the experiences and challenges you've faced during your academic journey. Your conclusion should connect these elements to your future aspirations.
• Revisit Your Main Message : Your personal statement likely conveys a central message about yourself. Reiterate this message in your conclusion, but do so in a way that adds depth or a new perspective to it.
• Engage Your Reader : Consider ending with a thought-provoking question or a powerful quote that relates to your essay's themes. This can stimulate the reader's thoughts and emotions and leave a lasting impression.
• Look to the Future : If applicable, hint at your future goals and how they align with the college you're applying to. This demonstrates your enthusiasm and commitment to contributing to the college community.
• Match the Tone : Ensure that your conclusion aligns with the overall tone and style of your personal statement. Whether your essay is reflective, narrative-driven, analytical, or persuasive, the conclusion should feel like a natural extension of your essay's content and style.
• Stay Concise : While your conclusion is essential, it should also be concise. Avoid introducing new information or going into extensive detail. Instead, focus on reinforcing key points and leaving a strong impression.
• Proofread and Revise : Just like the rest of your personal statement, your conclusion should be well-edited and error-free. Proofread it carefully and consider seeking feedback from teachers, mentors, or peers.
• Follow Word Limits : Adhere to any word limits provided by the application platform. Typically, a personal statement ending should be around 150-200 words, but this can vary depending on the application portal.

Remember, a conclusion is your final chance to leave a positive and lasting impression on the admissions committee. Use it wisely to showcase your strengths, uniqueness, and commitment to your academic and personal journey.

Examples of Great Personal Statement Conclusions

Now, let's take a look at some personal statement conclusion examples for inspiration.

Statement Example 1

“Our first theater meeting of the year was about a month ago. Remembering my freshman year, I brought everyone on stage. This year, I switched it up. Everyone stood in the circle for icebreakers. After each response, I asked follow-up questions and prompted others to share stories of similar experiences. And just like me, there were nervous freshmen, with little to no experience. This time, I spoke up: “Oh I’ve never heard of that show. Tell me about it sometime.”

Why This Ending Worked?

This ending worked because it circles back to the beginning, creating a sense of closure and symmetry. By recalling the initial theatre meeting and contrasting it with the present, the conclusion highlights personal growth and leadership development.

It effectively showcases the candidate's ability to engage with others, take initiative, and foster a supportive community, all of which are desirable qualities in many academic and professional settings.

Statement Example 2

“Now, I don’t let people go below what I like to call the [NAME] standard’. If I feel like someone is not treating me or my friends fairly, I don’t entertain their company.

What [NAME] did wasn’t anything extravagant. He didn’t give his kidney and he didn’t race down the 101 to save me from some terrible tragedy. However, the appreciation that [NAME] showed for me and how he vocalized who I was to him, meant all the difference to me.

Now, I always let my friends know that I appreciate them and that I am thankful to have them in my life. This gift has helped me with choosing better friends who I love and appreciate. Thanks to Ben, he’s shown me how great life is when you're not alone.”

This ending worked because it emphasizes personal growth and gratitude while also acknowledging the influence of someone significant in the candidate's life. 

The conclusion adds depth and sincerity to the narrative by expressing appreciation for a friend's impact. It illustrates the candidate's values, particularly regarding friendship and integrity, and suggests how these values shape their relationships and decisions.

Statement Example 3

“I’m proud to say I can be vulnerable and act on my insecurities. I became an amicable, self-aware, and social person gaining respect and friendship amongst teachers and peers. Throughout college, I make sure to spend time with my family by cooking dinner for them once a week, sending them silly texts of cute animals, or just giving them a call. My transition to becoming more open has ultimately led to my career path as an [JOB TITLE] - creating better lives for marginalized communities. Understanding what other people go through and being susceptible will allow me to properly achieve my goals and assist those in need. It’s [YEAR], and my dad is in the best shape of his life. I show my gratitude by accompanying him during his checkups and scolding him for trying to eat poorly.”

This ending worked because it brings the narrative full circle by revisiting a key theme introduced earlier in the statement: family and vulnerability. 

By sharing a specific, heartfelt moment with their father, the conclusion underscores the candidate's personal values and aspirations. It demonstrates a commitment to family and community, as well as a sense of responsibility towards others, which aligns well with their chosen career path.

Statement Example 4

“In conclusion, I am excited about the opportunity to study computer science at this university. My passion for technology, combined with my programming skills and experience, make me an ideal candidate for the program. I am eager to learn from the esteemed faculty and contribute to the research community. I am confident that this program will enable me to achieve my career goals and make a meaningful impact in the field of technology.”

This ending worked because it succinctly summarizes the candidate's motivation and qualifications while expressing enthusiasm for the opportunity. 

It reiterates their passion for the field and their confidence in their abilities, leaving a positive impression on the reader. The conclusion effectively reinforces the candidate's suitability for the program and their commitment to making a meaningful contribution.

Statement Example 5

“In summary, I have always been fascinated by the human body and its functions. My experience in volunteering in hospitals, combined with my academic record, makes me confident in my ability to handle the rigours of a medical degree. I am excited about the opportunity to study at this esteemed university and to contribute to the field of medicine through research and patient care.”

This ending worked because it encapsulates the candidate's passion for medicine and their readiness for the challenges ahead. It combines their practical experience with their academic achievements, reinforcing their confidence in pursuing a medical degree. 

The conclusion conveys excitement and purpose, leaving the reader with a strong sense of the candidate's dedication to their chosen profession.

Statement Example 6

“Finally, I am honoured to be considered for a law degree at this university. My passion for justice, combined with my research skills and experience, make me an ideal candidate for the program. I am excited about the opportunity to learn from the esteemed faculty and to contribute to the legal field through research and practice.”

This ending worked because it reinforces the candidate's commitment to pursuing a career in law while also expressing enthusiasm for the educational opportunity. It succinctly summarizes their qualifications and motivations, leaving a positive impression on the reader. 

The conclusion highlights the candidate's passion for justice and their eagerness to contribute to the legal profession, underscoring their readiness for further study and professional growth.

Wondering how to conclude a personal statement? Let’s take a closer look by going over some commonly asked questions.

1. Is It a Good Idea to Reiterate the Main Message or Thesis Statement When Concluding a Personal Statement?

It's a smart move to recap your main message when concluding your personal statement. Reiterating your central theme creatively reinforces your uniqueness as an applicant without being repetitive, making a lasting impact on the reader.

2. Is It Acceptable to End a Personal Statement With a Question or a Quote?

Absolutely, you can conclude your personal statement with a question or quote that fits your essay's tone and message, engaging the reader and reinforcing your key points.

3. Can I Summarize the Key Points of My Personal Statement in the Conclusion?

Summarizing key points in your conclusion is a common and effective practice. Keep it short and sweet, focusing on the highlights that really support your application. 

Final Thoughts

There you have it! Your personal statement's conclusion is crucial. Now that you know how to end a personal statement, you're ready to leave a strong impression on the admissions committee. Your conclusion is your final chance to convince them that you're the right candidate for the opportunity. Make it count!

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25 Ways to Effectively Conclude a Personal Statement

In General by Think Student Editor June 3, 2021 Leave a Comment

Writing your personal statement can be a tedious task, as it essentially is an essay you have to write about yourself, which is something most people struggle with. This essay will provide you with ways in which you can conclude your personal statement effectively, as well as things that you shouldn’t do and what would be more effective instead.  

Disclaimer: The ideas expressed in this article are from one student writer. Not all of the ideas may be effective, however the aim of this article is to provide you with some ideas you could include in your personal statement.

Read on for 25 great tips on how to conclude your personal statement.  

1. Structure  

For writing most personal statements you must ensure that there is a good ratio of academic work as well as extra-curriculars and other things about you. The ratio that works for most people is 70:30, with the 70 being academic. However, prospective students for the most competitive courses and universities, will tend to write less about extra curriculars and instead they will have the ratio 80:20, the 80 being academic work.   

Collectively, students write more about their academic work and therefore they tend to leave their extra-curriculars and more personal notes to the end. This means that  most students conclude with extra-curriculars, particularly Oxbridge applicants  as those students want the majority of their personal statement to be academic.   

This ratio is something you should keep in mind when writing a personal statement as it is crucial you have the structure that suits you with the course and university that you are applying to.  

  This  article from UCAS will support you in structuring the best possible personal statement.  

2. Personal experiences  

When writing a personal statement, you want to ensure that your writing is palpable and provides any reader with authenticity regarding who you are and about what you want to achieve. A common technique that is used is  referencing a personal experience you have had, which has led to you wanting to pursue a particular course.  

For instance, a prospective medicine applicant may write – “since, volunteering at my local GP, it has sparked my interest in medicine as I have enjoyed discussing health with patients and practitioners – this then led me to apply for this course as I seek to pursue medicine in order to support communities and to promote having a good health.”  

This personal experience illustrates passion for this course and highlights the types of things that this student would want to achieve in pursing this course. It is vital that when using this technique that you specific exactly what you have done and then what this has led to want to do. This will allow you to give an insight about who you are and what you would like to do.    

This is effective as it conveys why you want to do the course, which is crucial to include, if you haven’t already included this in your personal statement.  

3. Rhetorical questions

Another technique you can use as a rhetorical question . It is crucial that if you do use a rhetorical question to end your personal statement, that you don’t just use it for the sake of using it and that it is actually something that is of interest to you.  

A rhetorical-question, can be ineffective if it is something that doesn’t genuinely interest you. If you use this technique and have an interview at a university, this question is likely to come up, so it must be something that you are willing to talk about.  

For instance, if you are wanting to study English literature at university and are writing about ambiguity within texts throughout, you may end with “How is the element of ambiguity presented in modern literature?”  

This is effective as it demonstrates your curiosity for the subjects and therefore it highlights your fascination and your desire to learn and further your understanding .  

4. Quote 

Another technique that can be used when concluding your personal statement is by using a quote. This tends to be used by students who want to study essay-based subjects like English or history; however, it can be used by anyone, applying to study any subject.  

When using this it is important that you use a quote from a book/text that you properly understand and that you are genuinely curious abou t. As there is a limited amount, of characters that you can use, you must ensure the length of your quote is suitable. Obviously, you shouldn’t cut out parts of the quote that are most meaningful, but you should be wary of the limited word count, as when you are concluding your personal statement, students tend to run out of characters   

For instance, if you want to study biology and you are interested in evolution you may use Charles Darwin’s quote “it is not the strongest of the species that survive, but the ones that are responsive to change”. Now, whilst students can use this quote and quotes likes this, it is important that it is contextualised, and it is clear what the student is trying to convey.  

5. Refer back to a common theme  

Some students end with an explanation of a common theme used throughout. For instance, a student may use the theme knowledge is power and how it links to the activities they have done and their courses and then may end with a textual reference/experience, which links to how knowledge is power.  

  It is important that certain themes are uncovered in your personal statement –  by referring back to a common theme in the end, it ensures that your personal statement is coherent and thus is an effective concluding point.  

6. Cyclical structure 

A cyclical-structure, is a structure in which you link back to the initial point you made in your personal statement . This can be effective if the initial point you made is something worth coming back to. Using, this structure will ensure that your essay is clear; however, you may not want to reinforce the point made at the beginning – you should be careful with your implementation of this structure, as only then will this be effective.  

For instance, you may begin your personal statement writing about your interest in communication and wanting to study Spanish. When concluding you can again make mention of a different experience that you have encountered with communication. In this scenario, it would be effective to use a cyclical structure as communication links to Spanish and making mention of it twice reinforces passion for the subject.  

7. Plans for the future

Writing about plans for the future at some point in your personal statement is fundamental in displaying why you want to study the course that you have selected  – if you haven’t mentioned this before (you don’t want to repeat yourself!), mentioning plans for the future in your concluding lines is important.  

For instance, you can write about wanting to become a paediatrician and wanting to improve the health of children etc. This will illustrate your suitability for certain courses, as you have mentioned your career prospects, confirming that the course you want to study is the right course for you.  

8. What the course will allow you to do

When concluding your personal statement, you can make mention of what the course will allow you to do.  For instance, you could write about how your degree in politics will allow you to have a career in consultancy/civil service.  Writing about what the course will allow you to do will evince your passion to study the course at university .  

9. Anecdote

To conclude,  you may decide to end with an anecdote conveying why you want to study a particular course or what has inspired you . Conveying inspiration is important as it reveals when you started to become Intrigued by your course.  

For instance, you could state that a specific topic in a geography lesson sparked your enthusiasm for geography and thus it is something you wish to pursue.  

When including an anecdote, it is important that you show integrity, as otherwise it won’t resonate with you and demonstrate the type of person you are.  

10. Conclude what’s been stated

Whilst you don’t want to repeat yourself in your personal statement, you may want to leave the end to summarise all of the points you have made. For instance,  you may state the key points to enforce the message you are trying to present.  

You must be careful when doing this as you don’t want to repeat yourself, as when using this you only want to reinforce your point .  

As stated previously, students tend to put their non-academic work towards the end, usually in their concluding lines. Students tend to do this using a list as they aren’t using up as many characters.  Obviously, even when using a list stating activities that you have done, you must still explain why you have done them, so it shouldn’t appear clustered.  

For instance, you could say “Through doing Duke of Edinburgh, being netball captain and chair of the music committee, I have been able to develop my team working and leadership skills”  

12. Skills you will gain  

You can conclude by stating the skills that this course will enable you to develop. For instance, if you wanted to study Religious Education, you could state that the course will enable you to further your critical analysis of contemporary religious contexts.  

This is an effective technique as you are displaying what you believe the course will enable you to do, in terms of practical skills you will gain.  

13. Hobbies 

  You may want to conclude your personal statement with hobbies and activities you like to do outside of your academic work –  you could talk about how your hobbies indirectly link to the course you want to study, which will ensure you have a clear line of argument.  

For instance, you can write about how you participate with film club and drama society and then how it progresses your interests of the interpretation and varied forms of literature.  

14. What you’re looking forward to  

You can also conclude by stating what you are looking forward to by progressing with further education . For instance, you can talk about how you’re looking forward to learning at university.  

This is important as if you can explain what you are looking forward to when going to university and studying a course, you can palpably express your desire you’re learning.  

15. Don’t repeat yourself  

Repeating what you have stated previously, in your concluding points is ineffective. When writing your personal statement, you want to ensure that everything that you have stated isn’t repeated in any way as you don’t want to repeat any messages.  

For instance, if you have stated your work experience and what it has taught you, don’t continue to bring up this same work experience.  Instead, you can bring up other work experience you have done or would like to do as this would be more effective, especially when concluding.  

16. Don’t be too specific

When writing your personal statement, especially if you have applied for a joint-honours and a single honours degree at different universities – ensure that when you are talking about studying you are not too specific so that it is conveyed that you have wider interests.  

For instance, if you have applied to study politics at some universities and politics and history at other universities – be sure to talk about both politics and history but don’t use separate sections when you are only discussing one topic as it may indicate to a university you don’t want to do their course or are confused.  

As politics and history are heavily linked, you should be able to bring both of them up without separating them too much and revealing that you have applied for two types of degrees. Particularly, when ending you should write about both, whilst not making it apparent that you have applied for different types of degrees.  

17. Make mention of university values

If you haven’t made mention of university values anywhere else in your personal statement, be sure to include this in your concluding points.  You may make mention of independent work, maturity, curiosity etc. which directly links to university.  

This is important as it conveys that you acknowledge and understand university values and you are prepared to work in the university environment. You don’t need to be particularly specific with these values as university values are shared. However, if you are a prospective Oxbridge student you may want to emphasise your commitment to excel academically.  

18. University fitting your life plan

Your personal statement in a sense should convey your educational journey. Obviously, not in such detail, but it should convey how your passions have unravelled. This should continue when making mention of university as you should convey how it will fit in with what you want to do.  

If you have done you A-Levels, the usual pathway is taking a degree; however, in your personal statement, you can make this more specific to your life experience and how university fits in with what you want to achieve in life.  This is an effective concluding point as it will mean your educational journey is translated.  

19. Show your yearning for a challenge  

To study at university, you will be faced with difficult and demanding work. Therefore, in your personal statement, you should show that you are ready, prepared and even excited for this challenge.  

If you want to study a particular course, you can write about how your A-Levels don’t allow you to access the complexities of the course and your interests, which has led you to undertake further reading.  Conveying your yearning for a challenge, especially at the end is effective as it leaves the reader with the impression that you are prepared for your university course.  

20. Don’t copy  

When concluding, it can be difficult so some student, decide to copy or rephrase things that have been said by other student or things that they have found online. Whilst, it is understandable to feel pressure when coming to the end copying others doesn’t work in your favour as it doesn’t provide authenticity.  

Instead, convey through your own personal experience what you want to achieve, as this will allow you to properly represent yourself . 

21. Use evidence  

In your personal statement throughout should be a plethora of evidence as to why the course is suitable for you and why you want to study it . Although, we must make sure that we explain the evidence we have used and to select the evidence meticulously.  

Particularly when concluding evidence is vital as the last message you leave is what you have done and through that your passion is expressed. For instance, you can say through volunteering at an animal shelter you know you want to pursue veterinary science.  

22. Relate to the topic 

Ensure that when you are writing your personal statement, everything you write links back to the topic you are talking about . This is especially relevant in the ending, as some students forget to ensure that everything links together and relates to what they are trying to convey.  

For instance, if you are discussing your passion for engineering and structures it must be clear throughout your essay as it will mean you have a coherent essay.  

Students struggle with rambling throughout their personal statements as it is often an essay that students struggle with. However, particularly towards the end students ramble as they don’t know how to end.  To ensure that the ending of your personal statement is effective and to prevent rambling ensure that your essay is progressive and that it conveys your educational journey.  

23. Why are you motivated?  

In the end you want to ensure that it is clear why you are motivated to study the course you want to do. To ensure that this is apparent when writing your personal statement,  you should ask yourself why it is that you are motivated to study the course you want to do as this will allow you to express yourself convincingly .  

24. Take a break 

If you have written everything in your personal statement apart from your conclusion, you should take a break as usually when looking back at the essay after a while, you will be able to detect mistakes that you have made.  

You can reflect on everything you have written thus far, which will then prepare you to write your final points in your personal statement.  

25. Don’t be afraid to ask for help

Writing a personal statement is daunting as it can have a huge impact on your university prospects, making it a nerve-wracking essay to write.  If you feel like you are struggling to write your final lines, asking someone to read over it will be helpful as they will be able to identify things you have missed or not explained in enough detail etc.  

Personal statements certainly take a while to get right, so be sure to ask for people to read it and give you feedback as it will direct you in completing the best possible version of your personal statement.  

You may find this Think Student article , helpful when writing a personal statement.

• How to End a Personal Statement With Impact

Your statement-ending paragraph is your last chance to make an impact, but it's essential to make sure that you summarise your main points and explain why you're qualified and willing to participate in the program with a strong ending. A compelling, realistic conclusion can give your application that extra oomph and show the admissions committee that you're the right choice. Just like writers on deadline, you might trip up on your statement's ending line. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

• Repeating information already covered without adding new insight
• Introducing new ideas or topics that should have been discussed in the body
• Using clichés or overly sentimental language that doesn't add value
• Ending abruptly without a clear summary of your points
• Overstating your achievements or future aspirations

How to End a Personal Statement Correctly

Ending your personal statement firmly is crucial. If you’re ever struggling with concluding your paper, a personal statement writing service can help. If you're determined to master conclusion writing, though, here's a simple, straightforward guide to crafting a compelling conclusion.

1. Reflect on Your Opening. Go back to your introduction . A good ending will often have an echo of the opening, which sits rather like a bookend to your statement. Don’t repeat your statements word-for-word, but perhaps offer a recap of the theme you developed or the little anecdote on which you started.

2. Summarise Key Points. Most guides for how to write a conclusion for a personal statement suggest that, at a minimum, students should briefly summarise the major themes they’ve discussed. Don’t simply recite facts; instead, create a sense of closure, revealing to the reader how your experiences and goals interrelate logically, culminating in your desire to join the program.

3. Connect to Your Future. Tie your story back to the opportunity at hand. Explain how the program will be important in helping you to reach your career or academic goals. Illustrate your plans to achieve these goals and make it clear that this program is included in your plan.

4. End with a Strong Closing Sentence. When concluding a personal statement, finish with a sentence that packs a punch. Show where you are headed next. It may be your word choice, your vow of commitment to the topic, or your powerful statement of passion and readiness to work in your chosen field. In any event, make it consistent with the tone and emphasis of your essay, and make it say what you need it to say about you.

5. Keep It Simple and Authentic. Resist the urge to drown readers in big words or have grandiose claims. The conclusion should sound sincere and genuine. Don’t make it too fancy or out of reach. Every sentence should add to the main point. Nothing should wander off.

Examples of Good and Bad Personal Statement Conclusions

Finishing up your personal statement can be a make-or-break moment in your application. It's your opportunity to stand out. That is why finding a good personal statement conclusion example can be helpful. Alternatively, you can consult an online writing service for some extra tips. Below, we'll look at five examples of some good and bad ways to conclude a personal statement.

It’s A Wrap!

As you finish your personal statement, remember that the conclusion should help tie up your argument. Our tips on how to write a personal statement will come in handy. Having read this article, you should know how to conclude a personal statement easily. Use the tips we’ve shared to craft an ending that shows off your suitability for the program. Make sure that your closing remarks remain genuine and clear-headed. This will give the admission committee a confident and positive impression of you and a sense that they know what you want to achieve.

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• Knowledge Base
• Applying to graduate school
• How to Write Your Personal Statement | Strategies & Examples

How to Write Your Personal Statement | Strategies & Examples

Published on February 12, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 3, 2023.

A personal statement is a short essay of around 500–1,000 words, in which you tell a compelling story about who you are, what drives you, and why you’re applying.

To write a successful personal statement for a graduate school application , don’t just summarize your experience; instead, craft a focused narrative in your own voice. Aim to demonstrate three things:

• Your personality: what are your interests, values, and motivations?
• Your talents: what can you bring to the program?
• Your goals: what do you hope the program will do for you?

This article guides you through some winning strategies to build a strong, well-structured personal statement for a master’s or PhD application. You can download the full examples below.

Urban Planning Psychology History

Table of contents

Getting started with your personal statement, the introduction: start with an attention-grabbing opening, the main body: craft your narrative, the conclusion: look ahead, revising, editing, and proofreading your personal statement, frequently asked questions, other interesting articles.

Before you start writing, the first step is to understand exactly what’s expected of you. If the application gives you a question or prompt for your personal statement, the most important thing is to respond to it directly.

For example, you might be asked to focus on the development of your personal identity; challenges you have faced in your life; or your career motivations. This will shape your focus and emphasis—but you still need to find your own unique approach to answering it.

There’s no universal template for a personal statement; it’s your chance to be creative and let your own voice shine through. But there are strategies you can use to build a compelling, well-structured story.

The first paragraph of your personal statement should set the tone and lead smoothly into the story you want to tell.

Strategy 1: Open with a concrete scene

An effective way to catch the reader’s attention is to set up a scene that illustrates something about your character and interests. If you’re stuck, try thinking about:

• A personal experience that changed your perspective
• A story from your family’s history
• A memorable teacher or learning experience
• An unusual or unexpected encounter

To write an effective scene, try to go beyond straightforward description; start with an intriguing sentence that pulls the reader in, and give concrete details to create a convincing atmosphere.

Strategy 2: Open with your motivations

To emphasize your enthusiasm and commitment, you can start by explaining your interest in the subject you want to study or the career path you want to follow.

Just stating that it interests you isn’t enough: first, you need to figure out why you’re interested in this field:

• Is it a longstanding passion or a recent discovery?
• Does it come naturally or have you had to work hard at it?
• How does it fit into the rest of your life?
• What do you think it contributes to society?

Tips for the introduction

• Don’t start on a cliche: avoid phrases like “Ever since I was a child…” or “For as long as I can remember…”
• Do save the introduction for last. If you’re struggling to come up with a strong opening, leave it aside, and note down any interesting ideas that occur to you as you write the rest of the personal statement.

Once you’ve set up the main themes of your personal statement, you’ll delve into more detail about your experiences and motivations.

To structure the body of your personal statement, there are various strategies you can use.

Strategy 1: Describe your development over time

One of the simplest strategies is to give a chronological overview of key experiences that have led you to apply for graduate school.

• What first sparked your interest in the field?
• Which classes, assignments, classmates, internships, or other activities helped you develop your knowledge and skills?
• Where do you want to go next? How does this program fit into your future plans?

Don’t try to include absolutely everything you’ve done—pick out highlights that are relevant to your application. Aim to craft a compelling narrative that shows how you’ve changed and actively developed yourself.

My interest in psychology was first sparked early in my high school career. Though somewhat scientifically inclined, I found that what interested me most was not the equations we learned about in physics and chemistry, but the motivations and perceptions of my fellow students, and the subtle social dynamics that I observed inside and outside the classroom. I wanted to learn how our identities, beliefs, and behaviours are shaped through our interactions with others, so I decided to major in Social Psychology. My undergraduate studies deepened my understanding of, and fascination with, the interplay between an individual mind and its social context.During my studies, I acquired a solid foundation of knowledge about concepts like social influence and group dynamics, but I also took classes on various topics not strictly related to my major. I was particularly interested in how other fields intersect with psychology—the classes I took on media studies, biology, and literature all enhanced my understanding of psychological concepts by providing different lenses through which to look at the issues involved.

Strategy 2: Own your challenges and obstacles

If your path to graduate school hasn’t been easy or straightforward, you can turn this into a strength, and structure your personal statement as a story of overcoming obstacles.

• Is your social, cultural or economic background underrepresented in the field? Show how your experiences will contribute a unique perspective.
• Do you have gaps in your resume or lower-than-ideal grades? Explain the challenges you faced and how you dealt with them.

Don’t focus too heavily on negatives, but use them to highlight your positive qualities. Resilience, resourcefulness and perseverance make you a promising graduate school candidate.

Growing up working class, urban decay becomes depressingly familiar. The sight of a row of abandoned houses does not surprise me, but it continues to bother me. Since high school, I have been determined to pursue a career in urban planning. While people of my background experience the consequences of urban planning decisions first-hand, we are underrepresented in the field itself. Ironically, given my motivation, my economic background has made my studies challenging. I was fortunate enough to be awarded a scholarship for my undergraduate studies, but after graduation I took jobs in unrelated fields to help support my parents. In the three years since, I have not lost my ambition. Now I am keen to resume my studies, and I believe I can bring an invaluable perspective to the table: that of the people most impacted by the decisions of urban planners.

Strategy 3: Demonstrate your knowledge of the field

Especially if you’re applying for a PhD or another research-focused program, it’s a good idea to show your familiarity with the subject and the department. Your personal statement can focus on the area you want to specialize in and reflect on why it matters to you.

• Reflect on the topics or themes that you’ve focused on in your studies. What draws you to them?
• Discuss any academic achievements, influential teachers, or other highlights of your education.
• Talk about the questions you’d like to explore in your research and why you think they’re important.

The personal statement isn’t a research proposal , so don’t go overboard on detail—but it’s a great opportunity to show your enthusiasm for the field and your capacity for original thinking.

In applying for this research program, my intention is to build on the multidisciplinary approach I have taken in my studies so far, combining knowledge from disparate fields of study to better understand psychological concepts and issues. The Media Psychology program stands out to me as the perfect environment for this kind of research, given its researchers’ openness to collaboration across diverse fields. I am impressed by the department’s innovative interdisciplinary projects that focus on the shifting landscape of media and technology, and I hope that my own work can follow a similarly trailblazing approach. More specifically, I want to develop my understanding of the intersection of psychology and media studies, and explore how media psychology theories and methods might be applied to neurodivergent minds. I am interested not only in media psychology but also in psychological disorders, and how the two interact. This is something I touched on during my undergraduate studies and that I’m excited to delve into further.

Strategy 4: Discuss your professional ambitions

Especially if you’re applying for a more professionally-oriented program (such as an MBA), it’s a good idea to focus on concrete goals and how the program will help you achieve them.

• If your career is just getting started, show how your character is suited to the field, and explain how graduate school will help you develop your talents.
• If you have already worked in the profession, show what you’ve achieved so far, and explain how the program will allow you to take the next step.
• If you are planning a career change, explain what has driven this decision and how your existing experience will help you succeed.

Don’t just state the position you want to achieve. You should demonstrate that you’ve put plenty of thought into your career plans and show why you’re well-suited to this profession.

One thing that fascinated me about the field during my undergraduate studies was the sheer number of different elements whose interactions constitute a person’s experience of an urban environment. Any number of factors could transform the scene I described at the beginning: What if there were no bus route? Better community outreach in the neighborhood? Worse law enforcement? More or fewer jobs available in the area? Some of these factors are out of the hands of an urban planner, but without taking them all into consideration, the planner has an incomplete picture of their task. Through further study I hope to develop my understanding of how these disparate elements combine and interact to create the urban environment. I am interested in the social, psychological and political effects our surroundings have on our lives. My studies will allow me to work on projects directly affecting the kinds of working-class urban communities I know well. I believe I can bring my own experiences, as well as my education, to bear upon the problem of improving infrastructure and quality of life in these communities.

Tips for the main body

• Don’t rehash your resume by trying to summarize everything you’ve done so far; the personal statement isn’t about listing your academic or professional experience, but about reflecting, evaluating, and relating it to broader themes.
• Do make your statements into stories: Instead of saying you’re hard-working and self-motivated, write about your internship where you took the initiative to start a new project. Instead of saying you’ve always loved reading, reflect on a novel or poem that changed your perspective.

Your conclusion should bring the focus back to the program and what you hope to get out of it, whether that’s developing practical skills, exploring intellectual questions, or both.

Emphasize the fit with your specific interests, showing why this program would be the best way to achieve your aims.

Strategy 1: What do you want to know?

If you’re applying for a more academic or research-focused program, end on a note of curiosity: what do you hope to learn, and why do you think this is the best place to learn it?

If there are specific classes or faculty members that you’re excited to learn from, this is the place to express your enthusiasm.

Strategy 2: What do you want to do?

If you’re applying for a program that focuses more on professional training, your conclusion can look to your career aspirations: what role do you want to play in society, and why is this program the best choice to help you get there?

Tips for the conclusion

• Don’t summarize what you’ve already said. You have limited space in a personal statement, so use it wisely!
• Do think bigger than yourself: try to express how your individual aspirations relate to your local community, your academic field, or society more broadly. It’s not just about what you’ll get out of graduate school, but about what you’ll be able to give back.

You’ll be expected to do a lot of writing in graduate school, so make a good first impression: leave yourself plenty of time to revise and polish the text.

Your style doesn’t have to be as formal as other kinds of academic writing, but it should be clear, direct and coherent. Make sure that each paragraph flows smoothly from the last, using topic sentences and transitions to create clear connections between each part.

Don’t be afraid to rewrite and restructure as much as necessary. Since you have a lot of freedom in the structure of a personal statement, you can experiment and move information around to see what works best.

Finally, it’s essential to carefully proofread your personal statement and fix any language errors. Before you submit your application, consider investing in professional personal statement editing . For $150, you have the peace of mind that your personal statement is grammatically correct, strong in term of your arguments, and free of awkward mistakes.

A statement of purpose is usually more formal, focusing on your academic or professional goals. It shouldn’t include anything that isn’t directly relevant to the application.

A personal statement can often be more creative. It might tell a story that isn’t directly related to the application, but that shows something about your personality, values, and motivations.

However, both types of document have the same overall goal: to demonstrate your potential as a graduate student and s how why you’re a great match for the program.

The typical length of a personal statement for graduate school applications is between 500 and 1,000 words.

Different programs have different requirements, so always check if there’s a minimum or maximum length and stick to the guidelines. If there is no recommended word count, aim for no more than 1-2 pages.

If you’re applying to multiple graduate school programs, you should tailor your personal statement to each application.

Some applications provide a prompt or question. In this case, you might have to write a new personal statement from scratch: the most important task is to respond to what you have been asked.

If there’s no prompt or guidelines, you can re-use the same idea for your personal statement – but change the details wherever relevant, making sure to emphasize why you’re applying to this specific program.

If the application also includes other essays, such as a statement of purpose , you might have to revise your personal statement to avoid repeating the same information.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

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How to End a Personal Statement to Make an Impact? Beginner Guide

27th June 2024

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Crafting a compelling personal statement is a critical step in the application process for university admissions, job opportunities, or other personal pursuits. The conclusion of your personal statement is particularly significant as it leaves a lasting impression on the reader. This guide will provide you with valuable personal statement tips, examples of how to end a personal statement, and strategies to create a memorable conclusion. By reading this article, you can enhance the effectiveness of your personal statement and stand out among other applicants.

The Importance of a Strong Personal Statement Conclusion

The conclusion of your personal statement serves as the final opportunity to summarise your motivations, aspirations, and suitability for the opportunity you are applying for. It should tie together the key points discussed in the body of your statement and leave the reader with a clear understanding of your passion and commitment. A well-crafted conclusion can make a significant impact and influence the decision-making process in your favour.

What’s the Best Way to End a Personal Statement?

The best way to end a personal statement is by leaving a lasting impression on the reader. Your conclusion should encapsulate your passion, reflect on your journey, articulate your goals, and convey confidence. By following the tips outlined in this guide, you can create a powerful and memorable conclusion that sets you apart from other applicants.

Personal Statement Guide: Tips & Strategies to Craft the Perfect Conclusion

Recap your main points.

Begin your conclusion by summarising the key points you have discussed in your personal statement. This reinforces the main themes and provides a concise overview for the reader.

Example : Throughout my academic journey, I have developed a profound interest in environmental science, honed my research skills through various projects, and actively engaged in community service initiatives. These experiences have shaped my understanding of the critical role environmental sustainability plays in our world.

Highlight Your Motivation

Next, express your enthusiasm and motivation for the opportunity you are seeking. Let the reader know why you are passionate about this field or position.

Example : My dedication to environmental science is driven by a deep-seated passion for preserving our natural resources and promoting sustainable practices. I am eager to contribute to groundbreaking research and initiatives that address pressing environmental challenges.

Reflect on Your Journey

Reflecting on your journey can add a personal touch to your conclusion. Mention how your past experiences have prepared you for this new opportunity.

Example : My undergraduate research, internships, and volunteer work have not only deepened my knowledge but also reinforced my commitment to making a positive impact on the environment. Each experience has been a stepping stone towards my goal of becoming an environmental scientist.

Articulate Your Goals

Clearly state your future goals and how this opportunity aligns with them. This demonstrates your long-term vision and commitment.

Example : Pursuing a master’s degree in environmental science will provide me with the advanced knowledge and skills needed to lead impactful research projects. I aspire to work with international organisations to develop sustainable solutions that benefit both local communities and the global environment.

 End with Confidence

Conclude with a confident and assertive statement. Avoid sounding uncertain or overly modest.

Example : I am confident that my academic background, passion for environmental science, and unwavering determination make me a strong candidate for this programme. I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your university’s vibrant research community and further my goals of environmental preservation and sustainability.

Personal Statement Conclusion Examples

Here are a few examples of how to end a personal statement effectively:

Example for a Medical School Application :

Summarising my journey from volunteering at local clinics to conducting medical research, I have cultivated a profound understanding of patient care and medical science. My passion for medicine is rooted in a genuine desire to improve lives and advance healthcare. I am excited about the opportunity to continue my education at your esteemed institution, where I can further develop my skills and contribute to groundbreaking medical research. I am confident that my dedication and experiences make me a valuable addition to your medical programme.

Example for a Business School Application :

My experiences in finance and leadership roles have equipped me with a robust understanding of business operations and strategic decision-making. My ambition is to drive innovative solutions that foster sustainable growth in the corporate sector. Enrolling in your MBA programme will enable me to hone my skills and achieve my career aspirations. I am eager to collaborate with like-minded peers and distinguished faculty at your business school to make a meaningful impact in the business world.

Example for a Job Application :

Over the past five years, I have developed a comprehensive skill set in marketing, from digital campaigns to brand management. My passion for creating impactful marketing strategies and my commitment to continuous learning have driven my career success thus far. Joining your team as a Marketing Manager aligns perfectly with my career goals, and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your company’s growth and innovation. I am confident that my expertise and enthusiasm make me a strong fit for this role.

Final Thoughts

Writing a personal statement can be challenging, especially when it comes to crafting an impactful conclusion. However, with the right approach and careful consideration, you can create a compelling ending that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Remember to summarise your key points, highlight your motivation, reflect on your journey, articulate your goals, and end with confidence. At Oxbridge Personal Statements we understand the importance of a powerful personal statement for a university application or for your CV. Let us help you make your personal statement the best it can be. Contact us today for professional personal statement help.

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How to End a Personal Statement: Strong Tips And Examples

EssayEdge > Blog > How to End a Personal Statement: Strong Tips And Examples

When everything is written down, thoughts are made up together and you see the whole picture of your essay right in front of your eyes, you may think of how to end a personal statement . It may seem to be the easiest part of writing, but, to some extent, it is not. The destiny of the conclusion is to formulate the last impression of you as a personality. 

Table of Contents:

How to close a personal statement

Concluding the results of a completed job is always the most pleasing step in doing anything. Moreover, you can see with your own eyes the way you have passed to achieve your aim. The same regards personal statement conclusions. The key point of writing the conclusion is to accentuate the willingness of the applicant to receive a studying offer and get admitted to the educational institution. You have to think closely about the last paragraph in your essay. It must be the last bullet point to persuade the reader to do next-step actions further.

It may be difficult to decide what exact point you want to add at the end of the essay to complete the writing. First of all, take a break, read your essay several times, and summarize in your mind everything you have written. It is necessary to write standout sentences in your personal statement conclusion to assure the admission tutor that you are the one who is worth getting a place in the educational institution.

While writing, remember that you should concentrate on your essay’s main idea, whether it is the given topic or your personal opinion. The summary should be short and terse, but expedient. Moreover, keep in mind that you are supposed to fit into the given requirements. Your conclusion should be about ⅓ of the entire paper.

And remember to check, check, and check everything a few times.

How to end personal statement and not to fail it

While thinking about how to end personal statement, you may come up with a bunch of questions. The main one may be about what to write and not screw everything up. Here are a few examples of what you shouldn’t write in your conclusion paragraph.

• Rhetoric questions Forget about writing the statements you don’t know how to answer. This may only confuse the reader and leave them in suspense. In this way, you may only underline the point of not knowing something.
• Writing a list of your skills without proofs Even if you want to demonstrate all your skills, don’t do it without proof. Don’t waste the words for just designating the things you are able to do or the knowledge you have. It is wonderful that you have all these aspects, but the admission tutor may not understand the destiny of just naming. Try to involve them all in your main paragraph of the essay.
• Not expressing your future intensions Don’t just tell about your former personal background. It would be good to add to your personal statement conclusion some ideas on your future perspectives. Describe what you want to get out of the studying process and how you would embed it into your life and career.
• Plagiarism from successful essays It is not prohibited to use samples of successful essays just like a pattern. However, you must not copy paste as all the rights of the writer are reserved. It may only spoil your reputation and will not bring any advantages to your essay. If you feel that you need help, it is better to refer to personal statement editing rather than plagiarize.
• Writing the statements that are not related to the topic It is very good if you have a lot of stories to share. Though, you must be careful and think closely about whether the story you write about related to the main topic of your essay or not.

Need help? Check out EssayEdge editing services:

Personal statement conclusion: tips on doing such a thing

So, how to conclude a personal statement? Your conclusion should be comprehensive and impressible. Below you can find a few tips on how to write everything well.

• Take a break Really! It is worth it so to start in advance to have time to leave your writing for some time. After a break, you will read it with a new sight. Maybe you will remove something or, vice versa, add some more information. While having a break, you can think about the conclusion, you may recollect something in your mind that is worth to be written down.
• Read everything many times Yes, you may feel aversion from your essay, but remember that it is a step to your future success and that is why you have to be attentive to the details. Try to figure out the main storyline of your essay and hold it till the conclusion. Peruse everything that is already written many times and you may feel what is missing.
• Don’t be afraid to ask for help If you feel confused and don’t know how to close a personal statement, you don’t have to be scared. Everything can be resolved, remember about that. Ask your friends or parents to read your personal statement as they don’t know you. They may share with you some ideas and tell the general impression. According to that knowledge, you can easily make up your thoughts. If you are still not sure about your text, you can use personal statement editing services. Professionals will touch you up to the thought that is in need.
• Summarize everything you mentioned above Yes, it is a very useful skill if you can do a summary, no matter if it is your essay or review of achievements that you have been doing through the years. Placing the accents and underlining your best sides would be a good idea.

Personal statement conclusion examples

As it is mentioned previously, there is nothing wrong with using personal statement conclusion examples. In this way, you can find inspiration and feel more confident and secure that you move in the right way. You shouldn’t neglect using successful examples to see how it works, but in no way, you mustn’t copy paste such samples into your essay.

Here is an example of a successful personal statement ending.

To summarize everything mentioned above, I reckon that I am that one person who is worthy of getting the allowance to enter the university. The main reason for that is my strong motivation to implicate the knowledge I’m supposed to get while studying, into the life of people around the world. As I mentioned before, I have such goals and a number of gained skills. Being admitted to the university may support my intentions and help me to develop the abilities I’ve already had. Moreover, I feel that this is a place where I must improve myself. I have a lot of familiar students and their stories about studying and university life impress me every time I hear them. My plans are global and I can make them real while studying and after graduating as I will have resources and experience. 

It is an example of a successful conclusion as the applicant highlighted their motivation, made an accent on the plans, and summarized the story that was told in the main paragraph. Also, this person mentioned that they have a kind of connection to the community of this university that gives an understanding that it will be easy for him to become a part of the university society.

Ending the personal statement is difficult, but the most pleasing part of the whole essay. With patience and efforts, everything can become possible. You can use examples to get inspiration. Moreover, using tips can really help you to cope with the given tasks. Remember that everything will be fine.  More details on how to write personal statement you can find in the EssayEdge blog. 

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By Nik Taylor (Editor, The Uni Guide) | 18 August 2023 | 22 min read

How to write an excellent personal statement in 10 steps

Stand out from the crowd: here's how to write a good personal statement that will get you noticed

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Your personal statement forms a core part of your university application, and the sooner you get going, the better you can make it. You may think that your personal statement won’t matter as much to unis as your grades and experience but a great personal statement could make all the difference between you and a candidate with the same grades. Sure, your application might not reach that deal breaker stage. But is it something you want to leave to chance?  Here we’ll take you through the process of planning, writing and checking a good personal statement, so you end up with something you can submit with confidence. And to make sure the advice we're giving you is sound, we’ve spoken to admissions staff at loads of UK universities to get their view. Look out for video interviews and advice on applying for specific subjects throughout this piece or watch our personal statement playlist on YouTube .

• Are you looking for personal statement examples? Check our library of hundreds of real personal statements, on The Student Room

Personal statement deadlines

You'll need to make sure you've got your personal statement written well in advance of your application deadline. Below are the main university application deadline dates for 2024 entry.

2024 entry deadlines

16 October 2023: Deadline for applications to Oxford and Cambridge universities, along with most medicine, dentistry, and veterinary courses.   31 January 2024: Deadline for applications to the majority of undergraduate courses. After this date, universities will start allocating places on these courses –   but you can still apply after the 31 January deadline , as this article explains . 30 June 2024:  Students who apply after this date will be entered into Clearing .

• Read more: Ucas deadlines and key application dates

What is a personal statement?

A personal statement is a central part of your Ucas application, where you explain why you’ve chosen a particular course and why you’ll be good at it. It's your chance to stand out against other candidates and hopefully get that all-important offer. You only write one personal statement which is then read by each university you apply to, so if you are applying for more than one subject (or it's a combined course) it's crucial that you include common themes or reference the overall skills needed for all subjects. Personal statements are especially important if you’re trying to get on a very competitive course, where you need to do anything you can to stand out to admissions tutors. Courteney Sheppard, senior customer experience manager at Ucas, advises that your personal statement is "the only part of the application that you have direct control over. Do lots of research to demonstrate your passion, curiosity and drive to pursue your chosen subject." There’s a limit on how much you can write: your personal statement can be up to 4,000 characters (including spaces) or 47 lines of 95 characters (including spaces); whichever is shorter. This may appear generous (read: long) but once you've got going you may find yourself having to edit heavily.

• Read more: teacher secrets for writing a great personal statement

1. Plan what you want to cover

The first thing you need to do is make a plan. Writing a personal statement off the top of your head is difficult. Start by making some notes, answering the following questions:

• What do you want to study?
• Why do you want to study it?
• What is there about you that shows you’re suited to studying this subject at university? Think about your personality, as well as your experiences.
• What are your other interests and skills?

These few points are going to form the spine of your personal statement, so write them in a way that makes sense to you. You might want to make a simple bulleted list or you might want to get all arty and use a mindmap. Whatever you choose, your aim is the same. You want to get it clear in your own head why a university should offer you a place on its course. Getting those details down isn't always easy, and some people find it helpful to make notes over time. You might try carrying a notebook with you or set up a memo on your phone. Whenever you think of something useful for your personal statement, jot it down. Inspiration sometimes comes more easily when you’re thinking about something else entirely. It might help to take a look at The Student Room for some sample personal statements by university and sample personal statements by subjects , to give you an idea of the kind of thing you want to include. 

• Read more: personal statement FAQs

2. Show off your experience

Some things are worth adding to your personal statement, some things are not. Firmly in the second camp are your qualifications. You don’t need to mention these as there’s a whole other section of your personal statement where you get to detail them very precisely. Don’t waste a single character going on about how great your GCSE grades are – it’s not what the admissions tutor wants to read. What they do want to see is: what have you done? OK, so you’ve got some good grades, but so do a lot of other applicants. What have you done that’s different, that shows you off as someone who really loves the subject you’re applying for? Spend some time thinking about all the experience you have in that subject. If you’re lucky, this might be direct work experience. That’s going to be particularly appropriate if you’re applying for one of the more vocational subjects such as medicine or journalism . But uni staff realise getting plum work experience placements is easier for some people than others, so cast your net wider when you’re thinking about what you’ve done. How about after-school clubs? Debating societies? Are you running a blog or vlog? What key skills and experience have you picked up elsewhere (eg from hobbies) that could be tied in with your course choice? Remember, you’re looking for experience that shows why you want to study your chosen subject. You’re not just writing an essay about what you're doing in your A-level syllabus. Use this checklist as a guide for what to include:

• Your interest in the course. Why do you want to spend three years studying this subject at university?
• What have you done outside school or college that demonstrates this interest? Think about things like fairs/exhibitions, public lectures or voluntary work that is relevant to your subject.
• Relevant work experience (essential for the likes of medicine, not required for non-vocational courses such as English )
• Skills and qualities required for that career if appropriate (medicine, nursing and law as obvious examples)
• Interest in your current studies – what particular topics have made an impression on you?
• Any other interests/hobbies/experiences you wish to mention that are relevant either to the subject or 'going to uni'. Don't just list your hobbies, you need to be very selective and state clearly what difference doing these things has made to you.
• Plans for a gap year if you’re deferring entry.

Read more: 6 steps you need to take to apply to university

3. Be bold about your achievements

Don't be bashful about your achievements; that’s not going to help you get into uni. It's time to unleash your inner Muhammed Ali and get all “I am the greatest” with your writing. Do keep it focused and accurate. Do keep your language professional. But don’t hide your qualities beneath a layer of false modesty. Your personal statement is a sell – you are selling yourself as a brilliant student and you need to show the reader why that is true. This doesn’t come naturally to everyone, and if you’re finding it difficult to write about how great you are it’s time to enlist some help. Round up a friend or two, a family member, a teacher, whoever and get them to write down your qualities. Getting someone else’s view here can help you get some perspective. Don’t be shy. You are selling your skills, your experience and your enthusiasm – make sure they all leap off the screen with the way you have described them.

• Read more: the ten biggest mistakes when writing your personal statement  

4. How to start your personal statement

Type your personal statement in a cloud-based word processing program, such as Google Docs or Microsoft Word and don’t copy and paste it into Ucas Hub until it’s finished.  One of the benefits of doing it this way is that you can run spell check easily. (Please note, though, that Word adds "curly" quotation marks and other characters (like é or ü) that won't show up on your Ucas form, so do proofread it on Ucas Hub before submitting it to ensure it is how you typed it.)  Another big benefit is that you'll always have a backup of what you've written. If you're being super careful, you could always save your statement in another place as well. Bear in mind that extra spaces (eg adding spaces to the beginnings of paragraphs as indentation) are removed on Ucas. In your first sentence, cut to the chase. Why do you want to do the course? Don’t waste any time rambling on about the daydreams you had when you were five. Just be clear and concise – describe in one line why this course is so important to you. Then, in the rest of your intro, go into more detail in demonstrating your enthusiasm for the course and explaining how you decided this is what you want to do for the next three or more years. However you choose to start your statement, just avoid the following hoary old chestnuts. These have been some of the most used lines in personal statements over the years – they are beyond cliche, so don’t even think about it.

• From a young age I have (always) been [interested in/fascinated by]…
• For as long as I can remember, I have…
• I am applying for this course because… 
• I have always been interested in… 
• Throughout my life I have always enjoyed… 
• Reflecting on my educational experiences… 
• [Subject] is a very challenging and demanding [career/profession/course]… 
• Academically, I have always been… 
• I have always wanted to pursue a career in… 
• I have always been passionate about…   

5. Focus your writing on why you've chosen that subject

So you’ve got your intro done – time to nail the rest of it. Bear in mind that you’ve got to be a little bit careful when following a personal statement template. It’s easy to fall into the trap of copying someone else’s style, and in the process lose all of your own voice and personality from your writing. But there is a rough order that you can follow, which should help keep you in your flow. After your opening paragraph or two, get into any work experience (if you’ve got it). Talk about extracurriculars: anything you've done which is relevant to the subject can go here – hobbies, interests, volunteering. Touch on your career aspirations – where do you want this course to take you? Next, show your enthusiasm for your current studies. Cite some specific examples of current work that you enjoyed. Show off your relevant skills and qualities by explaining how you’ve used these in the past. Make sure you’re giving real-world examples here, not just vague assertions like “I’m really organised and motivated”. Try to use examples that are relevant.   Follow this up with something about you as a person. Talk about non-academic stuff that you like to do, but link it in some way with the course, or with how it shows your maturity for dealing with uni life. Round it all off by bringing your main points together, including a final emphasis of your commitment to studying this particular course.

• Read more: how to write your personal statement in an evening  

6. How long should a personal statement be?

You've got to work to a very specific limit when writing your personal statement. In theory you could use up to 4,000 characters – but you’re probably more likely to be limited by the line count. That's because it's a good idea to put line breaks in between your paragraphs (to make it more readable) and you only get a maximum of 47 lines. With this in mind, 3,500 characters is a more realistic limit. But when you’re getting started you should ignore these limits completely. At first, you just want to get down everything that you feel is important. You'll probably end up with something that is far too long, but that's fine. This is where you get to do some polishing and pruning. Keep the focus of your piece on the course you’re applying for, why you want to do it and why you’re perfectly suited to it. Look through what you’ve written so far – have you got the balance right? Chop out anything that goes on a bit, as you want each point to be snappy and succinct.

• Read more: universities reveal all about personal statements  

7. Keep it simple

8. Smart ways to end your personal statement

Writing a closing line that you’re happy with can feel as tricky as coming up with your opener. What you’re looking for here is a sign-off that is bold and memorable. The final couple of sentences in your statement give you the opportunity to emphasise all the good stuff you’ve already covered. Use this space to leave the reader in no doubt as to what an excellent addition you would be to their university. Pull together all your key points and – most importantly – address the central question that your personal statement should answer: why should you get a place on the course?

• Read more: universities explain how to end your personal statement with a bang  

9. Make sure your personal statement has no mistakes

Now you’ve got a personal statement you’re happy with, you need to make sure there are no mistakes. Check it, check it a second time, then check it again. Once you’ve done that, get someone else to check it, too. You will be doing yourself a massive disservice if you send through a personal statement with spelling and/or grammatical errors. You’ve got months to put this together so there really is no excuse for sending through something that looks like a rush job. Ask your teachers to look at it, and be prepared to accept their feedback without getting defensive. They will have seen many personal statements before; use what they tell you to make yours even better. You’ve also got another chance here to look through the content of your personal statement, so you can make sure the balance is right. Make sure your focus is very clearly on the subject you are applying for and why you want to study it. Don’t post your personal statement on the internet or social media where anyone can see it. You will get picked up by the Ucas plagiarism checker. Similarly, don't copy any that you find online. Instead, now is a good time to make your parents feel useful. Read your personal statement out to them and get them to give you feedback. Or try printing it out and mixing it up with a few others (you can find sample personal statements on The Student Room). Get them to read them all and then try to pick yours out. If they can't, perhaps there's not enough of your personality in there.  

10. Don't think about your personal statement for a whole week

If you followed the advice at the very start of this guide, you’ve started your personal statement early. Good job! There are months before you need to submit it. Use one of these weeks to forget about your personal statement completely. Get on with other things – anything you like. Just don’t go near your statement. Give it a whole week and then open up the document again and read through it with fresh eyes. You’ll gain a whole new perspective on what you’ve written and will be well placed to make more changes, if needed.

• Read more: how to write your personal statement when you have nothing interesting to say  

10 steps to your ideal personal statement

In summary, here are the ten steps you should follow to create the perfect personal statement.  

Personal statement dos and don'ts

• Remember that your personal statement is your personal statement, not an article written about your intended field of study. It should tell the reader about you, not about the subject.
• Only put in things that you’re prepared to talk about at the interviews.
• Give convincing reasons for why you want to study the course – more than just "enjoying the subject" (this should be a given).
• For very competitive courses, find out as much as you can about the nature of the course and try to make your personal statement relevant to this.
• Be reflective. If you make a point like 'I like reading', 'I travelled abroad', say what you got from it.
• Go through the whole thing checking your grammar and your spelling. Do this at least twice. It doesn’t matter if you’re not applying to an essay-based course – a personal statement riddled with spelling mistakes is just going to irritate the reader, which is the last thing you want to do. If this is something you find difficult then have someone look over it for you.
• Leave blank lines between your paragraphs. It’s easier for the reader to get through your personal statement when it’s broken into easily digestible chunks. Remember that they’re going to be reading a lot of these! Make yours easy to get through.
• Get someone else's opinion on your statement. Read it out to family or friends. Share it with your teacher. Look for feedback wherever you can find it, then act upon it.
• Don’t write it like a letter. Kicking off with a greeting such as "Dear Sir/Madam" not only looks weird, it also wastes precious space.
• Don’t make jokes. This is simply not the time – save them for your first night in the union.
• Don’t criticise your current school or college or try to blame teachers for any disappointing grades you might have got.
• Be afraid of details – if you want your PS to be personal to you that means explaining exactly which bits of work or topics or activities you've taken part in/enjoyed. It's much more compelling to read about one or two detailed examples than a paragraph that brushes over five or six.
• Just list what you're doing now. You should pull out the experiences that are relevant to the courses which you're applying to.
• Mention skills and activities without giving examples of when they have been demonstrated by you or what you learnt from them. Anyone can write "I have great leadership skills" in a PS, actually using a sentence to explain when you demonstrated good leadership skills is much rarer and more valuable.
• Refer to experiences that took place before your GCSEs (or equivalent).
• Give explanations about medical or mental health problems. These should be explained in your reference, not your PS.
• Apply for too many different courses, making it difficult to write a convincing personal statement which supports the application.
• Write a statement specific to just one institution, unless you're only applying to that one choice.
• Copy and paste the statement from somewhere else! This means do not plagiarise. All statements are automatically checked for plagiarism by Ucas. Those that are highlighted by the computer system are checked manually by Ucas staff. If you’re found to have plagiarised parts of your statement, the universities you apply to will be informed and it could jeopardise your applications.
• Use ChatGPT or another AI program to write your personal statement for you. Or, if you do, make sure you thoroughly edit and personalise the text so it's truly yours. Otherwise you're very much at risk of the plagiarism point above.

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How to Write a Strong Conclusion to Your Personal Statement

Written by David Lombardino   |  Updated February 23, 2024

Hook Them Through to the End

You can hook your reader with the introduction to your personal statement . And you can wow them with magical words in your personal statement . But if you don’t write a strong conclusion to your personal statement? You’ll leave program directors and admission committees with a whimper, rather than a bang.

The conclusion forms a critical part of your personal statement. Program directors and admission committees may skip to it after reading your introduction. Or they may start with it, even before reading your introduction.

The reason they do this? To get through the many applications they have to review each cycle.

Good conclusions will deliver the points admission committees expect to see. And great conclusions will enhance their views of you as an applicant.

Here, I present how to write a great conclusion to your personal statement.

Where Does This Advice Come From?

It comes from my 8 years as an editor at UNESCO prior to founding DLA back in 2008 . It comes from interviews I've had with program directors and those who serve on admission committees. And it comes from 15+ years of helping applicants like you write outstanding personal statements .

3 Key Concepts and a Formula for Success

How do you write a conclusion in a personal statement? It starts with these three concepts:

• Avoid stating it is your conclusion;
• Avoid introducing an unsupported concept; and
• Be specific in the details.

First, I will discuss these three key concepts in detail. Then I will share my foolproof method for how to write a personal statement conclusion.

Key #1: Avoid Stating It Is Your Conclusion

A thought you may have is to start your conclusion with “In conclusion.” Or “In summary.” You want to make sure to avoid this, or anything similar.

Why is this? Program directors and admission committees see it's your last paragraph. In other words, they already know it's your conclusion. So make your personal statement great by leaving this out.

Simply, using extra words makes your writing less engaging. Wordiness can indicate a lack of diligence or maturity. It can indicate a lack of focus or clarity. And it can indicate self-doubt in what you are writing.

This is true, no matter where it may occur in your personal statement.

Key #2: Avoid Introducing an Unsupported Concept

Great conclusions advance the concepts of your personal statement. This means avoiding introducing an unsupported idea. Instead, make sure all ideas connect back to what you have written earlier.

Let's say, for example, you haven't yet discussed your love of teaching. And teaching is important to your future career. You'll certainly want to include it in your conclusion. So just make sure you've written about it earlier in your personal statement. That way, it won't come out of nowhere when writing about it in your conclusion.

If you write a new, unsupported idea in your conclusion, you may convey:

• You do not know how to effectively organize your personal statement;
• You are trying to cram too many ideas into your personal statement; or
• You are ticking off a checklist of what to say.

There are a couple of exceptions to this point. Are you an older candidate? Do you have multiple significant items you need to discuss? There may simply be not enough room for all these in the body paragraphs. In this case, your only option may be to present one in the conclusion.

In such cases, there are a few guidelines to follow. First is you must fully develop the new idea in your conclusion. You must do more than simply mention it.

Second, it must extend from a point made earlier in the personal statement. It must have a foundation.

Finally, it must dovetail seamlessly with the rest of the conclusion. And it must do so without the conclusion becoming too long. (This can be challenging, so don't be afraid to ask for help.)

Key #3: Be Specific in the Details

Key to writing a great personal statement is being specific . This means being specific both in the words you use (e.g., avoiding using “thing”) and in the details you write.

Many candidates make the mistake of being vague in the conclusion. This relates especially to what you wish to accomplish in the program. You may want to write to "increase my knowledge." Or you may want to write to "gain exposure in a variety of settings."

Can you make these more specific, so they can be more effective for you? For example, in what specific areas do you wish to increase your knowledge? What specific settings do you want to gain exposure to?

Any ways you can be more specific will make your conclusion stronger.

Formula for a Great Conclusion to Your Personal Statement

The formula I present here takes you step by step through writing your conclusion. It includes how to start the conclusion to your personal statement. It includes how to end it. And it includes how long your personal statement conclusion should be.

While the formula makes a logical progression, feel free to change it up. If you find another order works better for you, then go for it. Just make sure you have covered each item in your conclusion.

How Long Should the Conclusion to a Personal Statement Be?

Part 1: start with your vision for your future career.

The key to a great conclusion is in how you start. Start with your vision for your future career. This is a single sentence stating where you see yourself 5 to 10 years from now. Think of your vision as your conclusion's thesis statement.

The vision can be your medium-term goals, your long-term goals or both. Choose whichever option brings a better focus and context for your conclusion.

For example, you may wish to pursue cardiology fellowship after internal medicine residency.

Or you may wish, after law school, to enter private practice with time devoted to pro bono work.

But what if these goals change as you progress through the program? That's okay. You don't have to get them exactly right in your personal statement. And you don't have to stick to them just because you mentioned them.

The aim here is to demonstrate a clear vision for the path you are on. Being intentional will make your application stand out.

Part 2: Next, State Precisely What You Seek to Accomplish in the Program

After establishing your medium- and long-term goals, work backward from there. Perform a self-assessment. What precisely do you need to accomplish next? What next step will better position you to achieve your career vision?

The more specific you can be with these answers, the better. Then frame these as what precisely you seek to accomplish in the program.

For example, will you aim to apply for a cardiology fellowship? Then pursuing cardiology electives would be a goal for internal medicine residency.

What about for applying to law school? Is your long-term goal to practice in an area with litigation? Then a goal for law school would be to participate in mock trial.

Part 3: Then, Therefore, State the Specific Aspects You Are Seeking in a Program

First, you established your vision. Then you identified the next step to take toward achieving that vision. Now state which aspects would equip you to achieve that next step.

Does the program have a high rate of case types that align with your interests? Does it offer certain relevant technologies? Training in certain techniques? Particular courses or electives ?

Are there particular faculty whose research interests fascinate you?

What about elective rotations? Or partnerships available in the program?

Do they offer an elective rotation in a cath lab? That would be great for someone wanting a career in cardiology. What about a renown mock trial program? That would be great for a career in litigation.

And you can go further. Are you an aspiring Vietnamese doctor or lawyer? Do you want to work with Vietnamese immigrants? Does the program you are applying to serve such a population? Then mention that.

Geographic and Other Ties to the Program

Do you have geographic or other ties to the program? For example, do you have family or close friends in the area? Do you have colleagues who graduated from the program where you are applying? Great! This is where you would mention them.

This applies even if you are applying for medical residency and are specifying geographic and other preferences in your ERAS Application .

For each of your top-choice program(s), write a different version of your conclusion. Tailor it to each program.

Then group all the other programs by common features (e.g., geography). Make sure to be as specific as possible when doing so. Then tailor a different version of your conclusion for each group of programs.

Part 4: Finally, State What You Offer to the Program

Have you accomplished the above three points? Great! All that's left is to state what you offer to the program.

This is actually quite easy. Start by identifying the themes you have written in your personal statement. Check your introduction and each body paragraph. Then list these themes, in keyword form, as what you offer to the program.

In this way, you accomplish two goals. First is to wrap up your personal statement's main points. Second is to provide a forward-looking statement as you bring it to an end.

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Personal Statement Sentence Starters: Expert Advice

Good personal statement openings are crucial when it comes to engaging admissions tutors.

But in the process of writing your personal statement, you might realise that you’re repeating the words you use in your opening sentences and paragraphs.

This lack of variety can lead to a sense of monotony in tone and content, alienating the reader.

But don’t worry!

There are several sentence starters you can use that won’t leave your personal statement sounding stilted or unnatural and that will help your personal statement stand out.

Here’s an expert guide to using effective sentence starters to improve your personal statement…  

Personal statement sentence starters fall into three specific categories. Introductions, comparisons and conclusions are effective ways to start paragraphs. Use connections, additions and relationships when developing content.  Starters relating to the presentation of ideas work well throughout.

From sixth-form personal statement sentence starters to postgraduate applications, you’ll discover specific examples of each of these personal statement sentence starter categories in the sections below…

Introduction, Comparison and Conclusion Starters

Having a practical understanding of personal statement sentence starters in this category is extremely valuable if you want to achieve greater variety and originality in your writing.

Introducing a new point or topic can become repetitive quickly; how many times have you written “I also” or “as a result”?

Avoiding these common phrases can add depth to your statement, but also encourage the reader to view you as an informed and versatile candidate.

As Mary Curnock Cook, a former UCAS Chief Executive states:

“The personal statement is supposed to be personal. Learning to write about yourself in a compelling way is a vital skill when applying for jobs; using hackneyed phrases is not the best way to stand out.” Mary Curnock Cook

Have you ever felt the need to write the kind of overused opening sentences that start with “At a young age..?”

If so, here are some introductory personal statement openings that will add to the compelling quality of your writing, without making it sound as though you’ve plucked words from a dictionary:

If you can make good use of comparative sentence starters , your writing will be increasingly concise, your points will be made with greater precision and you will be more likely to meet the word or character limit.

Here are some effective examples:

What follows are some excellent ways in which to start a concluding sentence or paragraph.

Remember that your aim is not to repeat previous content, but to use the opportunity to lead into the next paragraph or topic:

Connection, Addition and Relationship Starters

Once you’ve begun writing about a specific point or topic, you’ll find you need to connect one idea with another in order to make a concise or compelling point.

This connection can be challenging, as very quickly you might start to use a limited range of vocabulary such as “also” or “along with” or “as well as”.

These are the kinds of words that applicants use frequently, and they can indicate a lack of breadth, vocabulary or research in the mind of an admissions tutor.

Unoriginal vocabulary can also lead to your personal statement being rejected, or even to your entire application being refused, in the case of plagiarism.

According to Carly Minsky at timeshighereducation.com these are some of the most overused phrases featured in UCAS personal statements , so do make sure you don’t repeat them.

Below are some excellent suggestions for connecting or adding phrases, concepts or ideas in your personal statement:

It can be vitally important to effectively illustrate the relationship between an experience or piece of knowledge that you hold and the demands of the course or role that you are applying for.

The focus of the reader needs to be on the content itself , not the words you use to compare or contrast it, and these personal statement sentence starters will help you achieve this, every time:

Now you’re feeling more confident about your vocabulary, you should get to grips with the right structure to use for your personal statement.

My Personal Statement Template eBook gives you 10 original templates to follow when you’re writing a personal statement, meaning you’re guaranteed to find the right structure for your application.

It’s packed full of useful advice and shows you exactly what content to include. You’ll also discover how many words or characters to use for each paragraph for maximum effect!

Perfect for UCAS undergraduate applications, Oxbridge and Medicine , master’s degrees and employment , my eBook also includes exclusive guidance for writing a perfect statement of purpose .

Click on the image below to discover how my eBook can help you write the perfect personal statement…

Sentence Starters for Presenting New Ideas

An important aspect of your personal statement is the presentation of new ideas and concepts that illustrate your understanding of the course topic.

You should also show that you can synthesise aspects of your prior experience and knowledge.

This can be a complex process to write about, so having dynamic and effective vocabulary to work with can be extremely valuable.

The table below gives you a selection of examples of the kinds of sentence starters you could use to introduce a new concept in a personal statement opening sentence:

It’s worth noting that, generally speaking, new ideas and concepts should be contained within a specific paragraph. If you’re looking for advice on how to structure the paragraphs in your personal statement, check out my article here.

You may have noticed that I haven’t included a section in this post devoted to the kinds of sentence starters you shouldn’t use in your personal statement.

That’s because each personal statement is unique, and good sentence openers need to focus on different aspects of your experiences and ambitions. Try not to think about avoiding specific words or phrases and focus more on including content that best represents your ambitions!

If you really want some pointers on what not to include, Amy Davies has a great article on words you should never use in your personal statement over at whatuni.com . 

If you want to focus on writing an amazing opening paragraph, then check out my post that tells you exactly how great first paragraphs are created!

If you’re just starting out, then this is the post for you…

Good luck with your personal statement, and don’t forget to contact me if you’d like some 1-1 support.

You’ve got this! D

Research and content verified by Personal Statement Planet .

David Hallen

I've worked in the Further Education and University Admissions sector for nearly 20 years as a teacher, department head, Head of Sixth Form, UCAS Admissions Advisor, UK Centre Lead and freelance personal statement advisor, editor and writer. And now I'm here for you...

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How to Write a Strong Personal Statement

by Ruth Gotian and Ushma S. Neill

Summary .   

Whether applying for a summer internship, a professional development opportunity, such as a Fulbright, an executive MBA program, or a senior leadership development course, a personal statement threads the ideas of your CV, and is longer and has a different tone and purpose than a traditional cover letter. A few adjustments to your personal statement can get your application noticed by the reviewer.

• Make sure you’re writing what they want to hear. Most organizations that offer a fellowship or internship are using the experience as a pipeline: It’s smart to spend 10 weeks and $15,000 on someone before committing five years and $300,000. Rarely are the organizations being charitable or altruistic, so align your stated goals with theirs
• Know when to bury the lead, and when to get to the point. It’s hard to paint a picture and explain your motivations in 200 words, but if you have two pages, give the reader a story arc or ease into your point by setting the scene.
• Recognize that the reviewer will be reading your statement subjectively, meaning you’re being assessed on unknowable criteria. Most people on evaluation committees are reading for whether or not you’re interesting. Stated differently, do they want to go out to dinner with you to hear more? Write it so that the person reading it wants to hear more.
• Address the elephant in the room (if there is one). Maybe your grades weren’t great in core courses, or perhaps you’ve never worked in the field you’re applying to. Make sure to address the deficiency rather than hoping the reader ignores it because they won’t. A few sentences suffice. Deficiencies do not need to be the cornerstone of the application.

At multiple points in your life, you will need to take action to transition from where you are to where you want to be. This process is layered and time-consuming, and getting yourself to stand out among the masses is an arduous but not impossible task. Having a polished resume that explains what you’ve done is the common first step. But, when an application asks for it, a personal statement can add color and depth to your list of accomplishments. It moves you from a one-dimensional indistinguishable candidate to someone with drive, interest, and nuance.

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How to Start and Structure Your Graduate School Personal Statement

What is a personal statement?

In the competitive landscape of graduate school admissions, your graduate school personal statement serves as your unique voice and an opportunity to distinguish yourself from other applicants and showcase your potential as a future social worker. For many schools of social work, the personal statement replaces an interview. This document not only outlines your academic achievements, but also provides insights into your personal and professional journey, aspirations, and suitability for the program. To help you navigate this important part of your application, this post provides recommendations on how to structure your personal statement. It is important to note that these recommendations serve as a guide, as each school will have their own personal statement requirements.

Understanding and Meeting Admission Requirements

As mentioned, although the structure of personal statements will generally be similar across schools, each school will have specific requirements and admission questions. Before diving into writing your personal statement, it is important to thoroughly understand the admission requirements of the social work program(s) you are applying to. Take note of any specific prompts, word limits, formatting guidelines, and deadlines. Familiarize yourself with the program's values, mission, and expectations of prospective students. Tailoring your personal statement to align with these requirements demonstrates your attention to detail and genuine interest in the program.

Crafting a Compelling Introduction

The introduction sets the tone for your personal statement and should captivate the reader's attention from the beginning. Your opening should be engaging, authentic, and reflective of your passion and commitment to the social work field. It is important to make your introduction paragraph unique to you. Avoid generalized statements such as, “I am applying to the MSW program because I want to help people”. It is likely that every applicant has that same goal and it doesn’t tell the reader much about you, so be specific about your interests. Given that this is an introduction, you do not need to go into a lot of detail, but including unique characteristics about yourself that would make you a good fit for the program and naming your specific area of interest can draw the reader in. 

Get a copy of our FREE MSW Personal Statement Template here.

Drawing from Personal and Professional Experiences

Many schools of social work will ask questions about your personal and professional experiences. Some schools may ask how these experiences influenced your decision to be a social worker and apply to the program. This is an opportunity to showcase your academic and professional journey in a way that highlights your unique experiences, skills, and accomplishments. Reflect on insights gained, challenges overcome, and significant achievements that have shaped your academic and career aspirations. Many schools of social work are quite flexible regarding the types of experiences you draw from. If you do not have professional experiences in the social service field, you can discuss your other employment/volunteer experiences and the transferrable skills that can be applied to social work. When discussing personal experiences, it is important to not “trauma dump” in your personal statement. Instead, briefly name these experiences and relate them back to the initial prompt. If the school is asking how these experiences motivated you to apply to the MSW program, you can discuss how these personal experiences influenced your decision and what skills and insights you gained from these experiences that can support you in the program and as a social worker.

Addressing a Social Justice Issue 

Social justice lies at the heart of social work practice. Therefore, many schools of social work will ask about a social justice issue you hope to address as an MSW-level social worker. Your personal statement is an opportunity to demonstrate your commitment to addressing societal inequities and injustices. It is important to be specific about your area of interest. What is the social justice issue? Who is the specific demographic you hope to work with? What is the role of social workers in addressing this issue? What is unique about social work compared to other professions that can be valuable in addressing the issue? When schools are asking about a social justice issue you hope to address, they are looking to see why MSW-level social workers are needed in this area. It is important to discuss why you need this program in order to address this issue. This is also a good opportunity to highlight your academic writing ability and critical thinking skills. In the program, you will likely write several academic papers, and the admissions committee wants to see that you have the skills to critically think about an issue and provide an analysis. This can be done by integrating literature on the topic to support your thoughts and demonstrate the significance of the issue. To help with the flow of your personal statement, it is valuable to focus on an issue that relates to your future career goals and current personal and professional experiences.

Register for our FREE WEBINAR: How to write a compelling MSW Personal Statement

Highlighting Strategies for Managing Grad School 

Graduate school can be demanding, both academically and personally. Schools of social work are aware of this and want to see that as a student, you can meet the demands of the program, while also supporting your well-being. This does not mean that you are expected to present as a perfect student, but they want to see that you have the skills and resiliency to navigate challenges that may arise. Highlight your time management skills, adaptability, and resilience in navigating challenges and balancing competing priorities. Discuss any support networks or resources you plan to leverage to enhance your graduate school experience and ensure your success. You can also draw from past experiences where you were required to manage multiple demands. By demonstrating your readiness for the academic demands and challenges of graduate school, you reassure the admissions committee of your readiness to be successful in the program.

Do's and Don'ts When Writing Your Personal Statement

Crafting a compelling personal statement requires careful consideration and attention to detail. Here are some essential do's and don'ts to keep in mind as you tackle this part of your application:

Do familiarize yourself with the program and its values, mission, and expectations before writing your personal statement.

Do capture the reader's attention with a compelling introduction that reflects your passion and commitment to the social work field.

Do follow all formatting guidelines (i.e., APA format, double-spacing, headings, word count).

Do use concrete examples to illustrate your points.

Do tailor your personal statement specifically to the social work profession to differentiate from other related professions.

Do follow the prompts and address all components of each prompt. 

Do tie your examples and themes together for each prompt. 

Don't start your personal statement last minute or rush the writing/revision process. 

Don't write generic statements that do not provide meaningful insights into your unique experiences and aspirations.

Don't overlook proofreading or spending time checking for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

Don’t trauma dump in your personal statement and instead, use your experiences to enhance your responses to the prompts.

Don't focus solely on grades and remember to highlight other aspects of your candidacy, such as personal and professional experiences.

Don’t only highlight what the program/school can offer you, also highlight what you can offer the program.

Don't forget to tailor your statement to each program you apply to, highlighting specific aspects of the program that align with your interests and goals.

MSW Helper’s Application Advisors are here to support you on your MSW application journey. Learn more and get support with your MSW application here .

Jessica is an Application Advisor at MSW Helper, and a Master of Social Work Candidate.

MSW Helper is a platform designed to help future social workers get accepted to their dream MSW programs. Through our personal statement editing services and free resources, we’re here to help you write your MSW personal statement with confidence.

MSW Helper is the ONLY grad school application service designed specifically for students who are applying to social work programs. Learn more about MSW Helper here.

Talking About Your Strengths and Weaknesses in Your Grad School Application 

HOW TO END PERSONAL STATEMENT ON A HIGH NOTE: HELP AND EXPERT ADVICE

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From How to Choose a Career to How to Conclude a Personal Statement

You probably feel that just yesterday, you could not decide what to study and which university to choose, and now your deadline for application submission is fast approaching. Yes, the journey to a career goes through picking a field to study, selecting an appropriate study program, and finally, writing a personal statement to get into the dream university.

From the initial steps – choosing a career – you should be thinking of the final ones – how to conclude personal statement. This will help you a lot in making it a holistic narrative. You will be able to explain how you started and got to where you are right now. A personal statement should be memorable and vivid, so the more details about the whole journey you can spare, the better the result is. And lastly, knowing how to close a personal statement effectively also adds points to your application. And that is what we will discuss further in this text.

The Significance of a Vivid Personal Statement Ending

The closing paragraphs in personal statements are much more than just a requirement. They serve as the culmination of your story, your last chance to make an impression, and a chance to advance your eligibility. It is impossible to overstate the importance of a compelling conclusion because it is what can turn an average application into one that stands out, which is why you should know how to finish a personal statement.

Surely, there are a number of functions a vivid personal statement ending performs:

     1. Leaving a lasting impression

The conclusion is a final note that echoes over and over again. All the content of the paper can be long forgotten and mixed till you get to the final part, and this is a chance for your story to linger for longer.

     2. Framing

Leaving your personal essay without a proper conclusion is a bad trend. It makes the reader reread the whole text in order to remember it, and a conclusion gives it a sort of frame that structures the content and makes it easier to navigate.

     3. Topics closure

Each theme discussed in a personal essay has to lead to something – to concluding a personal statement with reflections on the importance and value of the mentioned events. It’s a chance to reflect on your experiences, the insights you’ve gained, and the growth you’ve gone through.

     4. Stirring up the interest

If there is something unsaid or mysteriously and abruptly mentioned in your conclusion – the admission committee will be eager to find out more and proceed to the next stage of applying.

So, do not underestimate the power of a compelling conclusion of a personal statement. This is your one and only chance to make an impression, be noticed, and stand out from the crowd of applicants.

How to Close a Personal Statement Like a Pro

As mentioned, the document’s conclusion is like a tune that never leaves your mind. But how to conclude a personal statement so that it really becomes an echo?

• Reflect on all events previously mentioned – show how they brought you to where you are. Moreover, you could also tell about how you see the future once you finish your education.
• Create a frame – start your document with a narrative and end it with the resolution in a conclusion. Then, the whole paper will be seen as a sort of story. This way, you won’t have to guess how to end personal statement for long, but develop this from the intro.
• Use an inspirational quote – it could be a quote from a famous person or someone close to you. However, it is vital to prove their value in your life throughout the whole personal statement.
• Make a short summary – conclusions for personal statements should summarize previously mentioned points. Yet, make sure they are as brief as possible, and you are not retelling everything twice.
• Do not neglect revisions – ask your friends or even experts to give feedback on your closing paragraph. You can even write a few versions of your conclusion to start with, then apply the necessary changes based on feedback, and choose the one that resonates the most with your external readers.

So, craft a conclusion that is easy to grasp and inspires. The more it resonates with the readers – the longer they will remember it. Besides, another way to make a personal statement conclusion like a pro is to delegate your documents to seasoned specialists who know all the nuances of the admission processes to your chosen programs and can transform your ideas into a convincing document with a vivid and motivating conclusion.

Ending a Personal Statement – What to Avoid?

There are also some things to steer clear of using in your final sentences of a personal statement. Such things will only create unnecessary noise and take up the limited text volume.

So, when ending personal statement avoid using:

• Impersonal statements
• Complaints about life choices
• Negative tone
• Slang and jargon

Remember that everything that you have lived through is an experience. It could be tough and unhappy times for you – yet it is what brought you to where you are and made you ambitious and strong. And that is the only way to write about it as nobody will be impressed with a whiner but with a resilient person – yes.

Find Your Inspiration for Great Ending Personal Statement

To find your inspiration when ending a personal statement, try to browse through examples and actual statements of other students available online. This will not only give you the idea of how to end a statement, how the conclusion should look like, and what to include in it, but also what to avoid in your own conclusion. Once you see a few of them, you will be able to tell which move is a good one and which is redundant.

This is a great way to learn and enhance not just the conclusion for personal statement but the whole document. You will be able to make it unique, engaging, and compelling without repeating what is now a new cliche. The only thing is to pick only the samples from trustworthy resources and professional personal statement writers like ours to be confident in the author’s proficiency and the work’s quality.

Get Experts to Write Your Conclusion of Statement of Purpose

So, writing the conclusion of your application doc is a crucial step that can leave a lasting impression on admissions committees. This is your chance to bring your story to a compelling, impactful conclusion. Fortunately, if you want to make sure your doc ends on a high note, our team of expert writers is here to help. With their help, your conclusion personal statement will definitely resonate with those who review your application.

We place a high value on our customers’ comfort when providing professional personal statement services, which is why we offer a variety of ordering options, let customers interact directly with the writers of their conclusion of statement of purpose for greater influence, and price fairly. Additionally, complete confidentiality and secure payment options serve as the foundation.

Delegate your personal statement closing paragraph to us, and expect total success!

Money blog: Supermarket giant announces Boxing Day closures; hugely popular UK district plotting tourist tax

The Money blog is your place for personal finance and consumer news. Every Monday we answer a reader's Money Problem, and we can help you too. Tell us your problem in the box below - just make sure you include your email address or we won't be able to contact you.

Monday 16 September 2024 19:01, UK

• It's a big week for your money - what you need to know
• Hugely popular UK district plotting tourist tax
• Supermarket giant announces Boxing Day closures
• Money Problem: 'My holiday cottage was cancelled with 24 hours' notice'

Essential reads

• Here's how money really can buy you happiness
• Pints, pies and season tickets - all Premier League prices compared
• Everything you need to know about new Renters' Rights Bill

Tips and advice

• Data roaming charges compared by network
• Free school meals guide
• How much should you spend on wedding gift? 'Annoyed' Britons give verdict

Ask a question or make a comment

By Dan Whitehead , West of England and Wales correspondent

The number of second homes being put up for sale in one part of Wales has increased by more than 250% - as homeowners and businesses criticise the Welsh government's council tax premium.

Many councils in Wales now charge an inflated tax rate for second homes, up to 300%, with the aim of freeing up rarely used housing stock for locals and generating income.

In Pembrokeshire, the council tax premium increased to 200% in April, trebling the cost for homeowners and leading to many selling up.

Figures show that this July 135 second homes were listed for sale in the county, a rise of 255% compared to the 38 on the market at the same time last year.

Despite the influx of listings, actual sales are at a record low.

Estate agent Hamptons says second home sales accounted for just 4.5% of sales in Pembrokeshire in the first six months of 2024 - compared to 21% a decade ago.

Local agents say the properties coming onto the market are too expensive for first-time buyers - and that many homes are being listed in a loophole to avoid the increased tax.

Read the rest of Dan's report here:

Workers should still receive pensions from their employers, even if they don't pay into it themselves, a leading thinktank has said.

The Institute for Fiscal Studies has proposed employees should receive an employer pension of at least 3% of total pay, irrespective of whether they also contribute (currently you have to pay in to qualify for your employer to match you - the amount they contribute depends on the company).

But the proposed change would particularly benefit women, part-time workers, young adults and lower earners, it was suggested.

It could also benefit 22% of private sector employees who either opt out of their pension scheme, or who are not automatically enrolled due to their earnings being too low.

The age range targeted by automatic enrolment should also be widened from 22 to state pension age to 16 to 74 to try and help more people in paid work save for later life.

The IFS has also suggested default employee contributions should be targeted at people on average incomes and above, to help middle and higher earners better supplement their state pension.

For example, the IFS has suggested a 12% default contribution rate of earnings above £35,000.

Less than half of private sector employees who save into a workplace pension contribute more than 8% of their earnings, researchers said.

Our business presenter Ian King  investigated the retirement crisis facing the country earlier this summer - read his analysis here:

A scenic reservoir that went viral during the pandemic has gone up for sale (once again) and could be yours for £25,000...

Brombil Reservoir in Margam, Neath Port Talbot, saw a surge in visitors during COVID after millions viewed it on a TikTok about the UK's hidden gems.

In 2023 it first went up for sale for £75,000.

Speaking to the BBC at the time, estate agent Robin James said: "It's a one-off, to be honest, it's not something that's ever come up in the 24 years that I've been here."

Well, far from being a one-off, it appears to have spent more time on the market than off.

With a guide price equivalent to an average home in the area, it seems the sale didn't go as planned and its new owners put it back on the market (reportedly an hour after buying it).

The land was put back on the market on 27 February this year at £30,000 and was bought for half that on 11 March, according to the BBC.

Now it has a new guide price, of between £20,000 and 25,000.

But while it may seem cheaper than buying a house, it's not without its liabilities.

Samantha Price, who handled the sale for Watts & Morgan, told the BBC in March: "Brombil is actually high risk, because it is above residential units, so it's quite important that those items on that report are done within the set criteria."

Expedia has launched its first loyalty programme in the UK. 

The One Key scheme is available for free for travellers who book flights, holiday homes, hotels, car rentals and activities on the travel website as well as Hotels.com and Vrbo. 

It works by allowing you to earn a percentage of the programme's reward currency, called OneKeyCash, on purchases. 

You can also earn the currency with most airline loyalty programmes, meaning you can get the rewards and still claim your frequent flier miles.

£1 of OneKeyCash equals a £1 discount on eligible bookings. 

The amount you earn on each booking depends on whicj one of the four tiers you are on. 

You move through the tiers by booking more trip elements, e.g. flights, rental cars and hotels. 

With each higher tier, you can access better savings. 

The tiers are: 

• Blue members - save 10% or more with member prices.
• Silver members - five trip elements per year - access to savings of 15% or more; earn rate can reach 3% in OneKeyCash for stays at VIP access properties, plus a perk like food and beverage extras. 
• Gold members - 15 trip elements per year - save 20%; earn rate can reach 4% in OneKeyCash for stays at VIP access properties; a perk like food and beverage extras and room upgrades.
• Platinum members - 30 trip elements per year  - access to savings of 20% or more; earn rate up to 6% in OneKeyCash for stays at VIP access properties; perks like food and beverage extras and room upgrades. 

Here's an example: A family of five staying five nights in a holiday home, flights and a car for five days would equal 15 trip elements. This would then unlock Gold status. 

Or, a 10-night family holiday in a hotel, with flights, a rental car for 10 days, four activities and one airport transfer would equate to 30 elements, which would unlock Platinum status.

VIP access properties are stays that consistently receive high guest reviews on Expedia and meet the sites' quality standards. 

Your membership tier resets each calendar year. The smallest booking fee you are able to gain rewards on is £20. 

Your OneKeyCash will not expire as long as you earn or use it at least once in 18 months. 

It might be too soon to be talking about Christmas, but this is a bit of an early present for some retail workers...

More than 300 John Lewis and Waitrose stores will remain closed on Boxing Day and New Year's Day, despite the holiday being seen as a lucrative day for retailers.

It comes as there has been a growing call to give retail staff the time off over the festive period, with Home Bargains set to close all of its branches on Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Year's Day.

Big brands, including Wilko and The Range, closed their stores on the 26 December last year, so there is potential for more to follow suit again this year.

Some premium Waitrose sites attached to petrol stations will remain open, and as well as the John Lewis in Trafford and Stratford shopping centre. 

The boss of Octopus Energy has said suppliers should "be helpful" to elderly people losing their winter fuel payments.

Greg Jackson, who founded Octopus in 2016, said while some people were receiving it who didn't need it, "there's grey area of people losing it that need it - that's where we can help".

Winter fuel payments will now be restricted to just those receiving pension credits, which means about 10 million people will lose out this winter. About 11.5 million people previously received it.

The government argues it is right to means-test the benefit, worth up to £300, in order to tackle what it calls a “black hole” in the public finances.

But it has prompted outcry, including from some Labour MPs, with critics pointing out that pension credit only tops up income to £11,300 a year for individuals, meaning many who do not qualify could still struggle to pay bills.

Mr Jackson, who has been vocal in his support for previous Labour policies, said: "In these transition periods, it's easy for people to kick and scream.

"Alternatively, companies and others can say: 'How do we make this work in a way that is best for Britain and, in our case, best for our customers?'"

He added that the government has got to "make difficult decisions. So now let's be helpful in making sure that when you make those decisions, we can look after the people who will be worst affected."

However, ministers should keep a "close eye on the impact" of the policy if this winter is colder than usual, Mr Jackson said, and be "ready to act" if more support is needed.

Last year, his company's UK energy retail arm took on £69m of costs to lower customer bills.

The comments come just weeks before energy bills are due to get more expensive, after Ofgem increased the quarterly price cap, meaning bills are set to increase an average of £149 from October.

The average price tag on a home has jumped by nearly £3,000 this month, according to Rightmove.

Across Britain, the typical price being asked for a home coming on to the market increased by 0.8% or £2,974 to reach £370,759.

The price increase has come because the housing market in general appears to be recovering - compared to where it was this time in 2023.

Mortgage rates have been edging down, property choice has grown and earnings are rising faster than inflation and house price growth, all contributing to a market rebound.

Rightmove said the average property is still taking 60 days to find a buyer, which is three days longer than at this time last year, suggesting that buyers are taking their time to find the right home at the right price.

This means homeowners shouldn't let the increased activity make them feel over-optimistic and should still price competitively to sell their homes.

By James Sillars , business reporter

The focus of financial markets this morning is firmly on the US central bank.

The Federal Reserve is widely expected to cut interest rates for the first time since early 2020 on Wednesday, signalling a long-awaited drop in borrowing costs ahead.

The easing in the inflation crisis, which was largely caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and a slowdown in US growth is allowing the Fed to move.

But investors are increasingly pondering whether the rate-setting committee will opt for a bigger cut than the 0.25 percentage point reduction most had initially expected.

They cite data suggesting US rate policy is too restrictive given weakening economic fundamentals.

The effective split in market opinion over a 0.5 percentage point reduction pushed the dollar down against major currencies. It was trading a third of a cent lower versus the pound at $1.31.

As for stock markets, the FTSE 100 and US futures showed a fairly muted start to the week amid market closures for public holidays in China and Japan.

The FTSE was four points lower in early deals. Miners saw the main declines.

Analysts credited renewed economic weakness in China revealed in data over the weekend.

The Scottish Highlands could become the latest place in the UK to introduce a tourist tax.

If implemented, it would allow hotels, B&Bs, campsites and holiday lets in the hugely popular mountainous region to charge overnight guests an additional fee.

The money would be used by local councils to reinvest in services and facilities largely used by tourists and business visitors.

Last year, politicians in Scotland took the first step towards tourist taxes after passing the Visitor Levy (Scotland) Bill which allows councils that want to introduce a visitor levy to do so, after consultation with local communities, businesses and tourism organisations.

Highlands Council plans to start its three-month consultation later this year - with a price for the tax yet to be determined.

"Tourism is one of our most important sectors and the levy would form an essential part of how we sustain, maintain and develop the services and infrastructure which the sector relies on," Inverness councillor Ken Gowans said in favour of the tax.

"The upcoming consultation will give everyone the opportunity to put forward their views on how a levy scheme should operate and what the proceeds should be spent on."

The Highlands - which made National Geographic's Best of the World list last year - attracts millions of tourists annually and lays claim to hotspots such as Ben Nevis, Loch Ness and John o' Groats.

Various other UK cities have already implemented additional visitor fees, including Manchester, which charges £1 a night on most paid accommodation establishments across the city.

A £2 per room per night additional fee was implemented across Bournemouth, Christchurch, and Poole in July.

Under the Visitor Levy Bill, the earliest any form of tourist tax across Scotland could come into force would be spring 2026.

Every Monday we get an expert to answer your money problems or consumer disputes. Find out how to submit yours at the bottom of this post. Today's question is...

My holiday cottage cancelled my booking 24 hours before my holiday, there are no alternative options similar to what I booked for a similar price. Do they need to pay me for the extras of booking last minute? Dave

We asked Scott Dixon, AKA The Complaints Resolver , to answer this one...

The first thing you need to do is check the T&Cs and see what their cancellation policy is.

Do they allow a host to cancel a booking with only 24 hours' notice?

A trader cannot revoke a contract unless the T&Cs include a fair term that stipulates how and when they can do so - the Consumer Rights Act 2015 protects you here.

So are they in breach of contract?

If so, you can typically expect a full refund via the same payment method (you do not have to accept a credit note/vouchers), although that does not address the problem of finding alternative options comparable to what you booked at a similar price.

A refund would only cover the original price and any extras paid to restore you to the original position you would have been in before you entered into the contract.

If they won't give you a refund, as a last resort you can take your case to the Small Claims Court in England and Wales, or use the respective legal routes in  Scotland and Northern Ireland .

But again, legal action would only cover the original price you paid.

Go to third parties

If you booked the holiday cottage via a third-party listing site such as Airbnb, check their host cancellation policy. The listing site may levy penalties on the host if they have breached the cancellation policy.

If you booked it with a letting agent, you ought to be offered a full refund and possibly compensation. 

You could try and claim on any travel insurance policy you may have in place.

If you are struggling to get a refund, you can contact your bank or credit card provider within 120 days of payment and raise a chargeback to dispute the transaction.

Stress there has been a "breach of contract" under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, as chargebacks are often rejected on the first attempt.

Your bank or credit card provider will reverse the payment and give the holiday cottage provider an opportunity to present their case.

If you paid at least a deposit by credit card and the stay was more than £100 (likely to be the case), you can make a S75 claim under the Consumer Credit Act 1974 against the credit card provider who is jointly liable.

Again, you need to cite "breach of contract" under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 and push hard on it.

One route to get the additional compensation you asked about

If your credit card provider or travel insurance provider rejects your claim, ask for a deadlock/final response letter so you can refer your complaint to the  Financial Ombudsman Service .

This usually means that they need to restore you to the position you were in before you entered into the contract and whether it is appropriate to award compensation for any distress or inconvenience caused.

This feature is not intended as financial advice - the aim is to give an overview of the things you should think about.  Submit your dilemma or consumer dispute via:

• The form above - you need to leave a phone number or email address so we can contact you for further details
• Email [email protected] with the subject line "Money blog"
• WhatsApp us  here

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How to Write an Outstanding Personal Statement

A live, step-by-step video course on writing an outstanding college personal statement..

How do I choose a topic that helps me stand out?

How do I structure my personal statement to make it engaging?

What experiences, interests, and qualities should I include in my essay?

How do I show my achievements without sounding like I’m bragging?

Are any personal statement topics off-limits?

How do I know when I’m done writing?

From the moment you register, you’ll have access to on-demand video lessons to watch before the live sessions, so you’re ready to go.

Then, guided by the live sessions, you’ll complete tried-and-tested assignments, including writing your first draft.

Each week, I workshop real students’ essays & answer all of your college essay and application questions, ensuring you end the course with an outstanding personal statement.

LIVE SESSION SCHEDULE

Week 1: brainstorming wednesday, september 11th, week 2: outlining & writing the first draft wednesday, september 18th, week 3: revising wednesday, october 2nd, week 4: refining wednesday, october 9th.

Live sessions are held at 4-5:30pm PT (7-8:30pm ET).

Check out the course syllabus for a detailed overview.

• What’s the Purpose of the Personal Statement?
• What are the Four Qualities of an Outstanding Personal Statement?
• 7 Mini Brainstorming Exercises
• How These Exercises Can Lead to an Essay Topic
• What Should I Do if I Can’t Decide on a Topic?
• Montage vs. Narrative Structure
• 7 Types of Montage Essay
• What Is Narrative Structure & How Does it Work?

• Why Other People Write Bad First Drafts (And How to Not Be Like Them)
• Why You Should Create a Solid Outline Before You Start
• How to Outline Using the 7 Montage Paths
• How to Outline Using the Narrative Path
• How to Write Your First Draft
• How to Get Feedback (If You Want it) on Your First Draft
• Personal Feedback from Me on Some of Your Topic Ideas
• How to Raise the Stakes and Draw Your Reader in
• 11 Ideas for Improving the Middle of a Challenges-Based Essay
• How to Uplevel Each Paragraph in a Montage Essay
• How to Make My Challenges More Clear
• How to Make Sure Your Personal Statement “Flows”
• Personal Feedback from Me on a Variety of Your Essays-in-Progress

• 10 Ways to End a Personal Statement
• The Great College Essay Test (i.e., How to Know If Your Personal Statement Is Doing its Job)
• Tips for Polishing (When You’re Ready)
• Personal Feedback from Me on (Basically) As Many Essays As I Can Get to
• Are There Any Topics I Should Avoid Writing About?
• How Can I Write a Great Hook/Intro?
• 19 Ways to Make Your Essay More Insightful
• 3 Ideas for Starting a Challenges-Based Essay
• 7 More Ideas for Starting a Montage Essay
• Ways to Add "Flow" to an Essay

Whether you're using the Common Application, Coalition Application, or applying to one of the many hundreds of colleges and universities in the US, this course will give you the tools to write an essay that demonstrates your core values and how you'll make meaningful contributions to a college campus.

With over a dozen video lessons, recorded sessions with Ethan, great sample essays, a comprehensive step-by-step workbook, and tons of practical techniques, we feel pretty confident this is just about the most comprehensive course of its kind.

A great personal statement starts with finding what matters to you, then generating at least 2-3 potential essay topics.

Before you start drafting, you’ll learn how to test which topic might be strongest for you with our five minute outline technique.

You’ll discover techniques to help your story grab the reader’s attention.

We’ll help you avoid common topics, and even share with you a list of the most common, based on our experience reading more than 10,000 essays.

You’ll also learn how to know when your essay is doing its job and ready to submit, saving you time and stress.

Nira, Student

Sarah, parent, imani, student, jordan, student.

Watch the lessons wherever and whenever you want. You have access for a full year.

Read inspiring sample essays and learn why they work so well.

...use the Common App and the personal statement you write in this course will work for them all.

If you're not completely satisfied with the course, get a full refund within 30 days.

Craft an outstanding personal statement.

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• Covers Everything for the Main College Personal Statement
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• Dig deep and uncover your unique story
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If you have purchased any of our online video courses or live webinars, you can login by going to the website menu bar > Log In > Online Courses. You can view that page here . From there you can access all of your products in your library.

+Are live sessions recorded?

Yes! Live sessions will be recorded and hosted inside your course account inside the relevant session module.

+What’s the homework?

You can find the homework in your course syllabus (linked above). Each week, we’ll ask you to complete optional brainstorming exercises or work on your essays in preparation for the upcoming live session.

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Students have access to the course for one year from the date of purchase.

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Unfortunately we have a small team and are not currently able to guarantee essay reviews as a part of this course.

However, sometimes Ethan may ask for students to submit a few essay drafts to review during the live sessions as an example for the group. In this case, we will let you know during the course where to send essays for a potential review.

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• Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government

Guide to the Renters’ Rights Bill

Published 11 September 2024

Applies to England

© Crown copyright 2024

This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guide-to-the-renters-rights-bill/82ffc7fb-64b0-4af5-a72e-c24701a5f12a

The Renters’ Rights Bill delivers our manifesto commitment to transform the experience of private renting, including by ending Section 21 ‘no fault’ evictions. The bill will improve the current system for both the 11 million private renters and 2.3 million landlords in England. It will give renters much greater security and stability so they can stay in their homes for longer, build lives in their communities, and avoid the risk of homelessness.

Reform of the sector is long overdue, and we will act where previous governments have failed. While the majority of landlords provide a good service, the private rented sector currently provides the least affordable, poorest quality and most insecure housing of all tenures.

Millions of people in England live day in, day out with the knowledge that they and their families could be uprooted from their home with little notice and minimal justification, and a significant minority of them are forced to live in substandard properties for fear that a complaint would lead to an instant retaliatory eviction.

A functioning private rented sector can provide a secure stepping stone for aspiring homeowners and flexibility for those who want it. But the insecurity embedded in the current tenancy system fails both those tenants looking for a stable home for their families and those landlords who are undercut by the rogues and chancers. It is a drain on aspiration and reform is central to our opportunity mission so all have the chance to achieve their potential. 

Overview of bill measures

The Renters’ Rights Bill will:

Abolish section 21 evictions and move to a simpler tenancy structure where all assured tenancies are periodic – providing more security for tenants and empowering them to challenge poor practice and unfair rent increases without fear of eviction. We will implement this new system in one stage, giving all tenants security immediately.

Ensure possession grounds are fair to both parties , giving tenants more security, while ensuring landlords can recover their property when reasonable. The bill introduces new safeguards for tenants, giving them more time to find a home if landlords evict to move in or sell, and ensuring unscrupulous landlords cannot misuse grounds.

Provide stronger protections against backdoor eviction by ensuring tenants are able to appeal excessive above-market rents which are purely designed to force them out. As now, landlords will still be able to increase rents to market price for their properties and an independent tribunal will make a judgement on this, if needed.

Introduce a new Private Rented Sector Landlord Ombudsman that will provide quick, fair, impartial and binding resolution for tenants’ complaints about their landlord. This will bring tenant-landlord complaint resolution on par with established redress practices for tenants in social housing and consumers of property agent services

Create a Private Rented Sector Database to help landlords understand their legal obligations and demonstrate compliance (giving good landlords confidence in their position), alongside providing better information to tenants to make informed decisions when entering into a tenancy agreement. It will also support local councils – helping them target enforcement activity where it is needed most. Landlords will need to be registered on the database in order to use certain possession grounds.

Give tenants strengthened rights to request a pet in the property , which the landlord must consider and cannot unreasonably refuse. To support this, landlords will be able to require pet insurance to cover any damage to their property

Apply the Decent Homes Standard to the private rented sector to give renters safer, better value homes and remove the blight of poor-quality homes in local communities.

Apply ‘Awaab’s Law’ to the sector , setting clear legal expectations about the timeframes within which landlords in the private rented sector must take action to make homes safe where they contain serious hazards.

Make it illegal for landlords and agents to discriminate against prospective tenants in receipt of benefits or with children – helping to ensure everyone is treated fairly when looking for a place to live.

End the practice of rental bidding by prohibiting landlords and agents from asking for or accepting offers above the advertised rent . Landlords and agents will be required to publish an asking rent for their property and it will be illegal to accept offers made above this rate.

Strengthen local authority enforcement by expanding civil penalties, introducing a package of investigatory powers and bringing in a new requirement for local authorities to report on enforcement activity.

Strengthen rent repayment orders by extending them to superior landlords, doubling the maximum penalty and ensuring repeat offenders have to repay the maximum amount.

Tenancy reform

The Renters’ Rights Bill will introduce a transformative new tenancy system, ending the threat of arbitrary section 21 evictions, which uproot renters from their homes with little notice and minimal justification. The new tenancy system will provide tenants with greater security and stability and empower them to challenge bad practice without fear of retaliatory eviction. Landlords will also benefit, with more straightforward regulation, and clearer and expanded possession grounds.

Periodic tenancies

The Renters’ Rights Bill will remove fixed-term assured tenancies. Fixed-term tenancies mean renters are obliged to pay rent regardless of whether a property is up-to-standard, and they reduce flexibility to move in response to changing circumstances, for example after relationship breakdown, to take up a new job or when buying a first home.

Instead, all tenancies will be periodic, with tenants able to stay in their home until they decide to end the tenancy by giving 2 months’ notice. This will end the injustice of tenants being trapped paying rent for substandard properties and offer more flexibility to both parties to respond to changing circumstances.

Grounds for possession

We value the contribution made by responsible landlords who provide quality homes to their tenants and believe landlords must enjoy robust grounds for possession where there is good reason to take their property back. To support this, the bill clarifies and expands grounds for possession, while ensuring tenants are protected from arbitrary eviction and given enough time to find a new home.

Landlords must, as in the current system, go to court if a tenant does not leave. They will need to provide evidence that the ground is met. For mandatory grounds, the court must award possession if the ground is proven. For discretionary grounds, the court can consider if eviction is reasonable, even when the ground is met.

Where a tenant is at fault, landlords can give notice using the relevant grounds at any point in the tenancy. This includes where a tenant commits antisocial behaviour, is damaging the property, or falls into significant arrears.

We will introduce new protections for tenants who temporarily fall into rent arrears, supporting both parties by preventing tenancies which are otherwise viable from ending. We will increase the mandatory threshold for eviction from 2 to 3 months’ arrears and increase the notice period from 2 weeks to 4. This will allow tenants more time to repay arrears and remain in their homes, while ensuring landlords do not face unsustainable costs. Landlords can also continue to use the discretionary rent arrears grounds, for example if rent is repeatedly late.

As well as tenants, landlords’ own circumstances can sometimes change, and the bill includes strengthened rights to reclaim properties when it’s necessary, for example to sell or move in. Tenants will benefit from a 12-month protected period at the beginning of a tenancy, during which landlords cannot evict them to move in or sell the property. Landlords will need to provide 4 months’ notice when using these grounds, giving tenants more time to find a new home, and reducing the risk of homelessness.

In some sectors, it is necessary to move tenants on where accommodation is intended for a particular purpose, for example where the current tenant may no longer need the accommodation or is no longer eligible to occupy it. We will therefore introduce a limited number of possession grounds to ensure there is an adequate supply of properties in vital sectors such as temporary and supported accommodation, and for critical housing schemes such as ‘stepping stone’ accommodation.

To support compliance with requirements introduced elsewhere by the bill, we will prevent landlords gaining possession if they have not properly protected a tenant’s deposit or registered their property on the private rented sector database. We will ensure landlords are always able to rectify non-compliance, so they are not prevented from regaining possession indefinitely. These restrictions will not apply to antisocial behaviour grounds.

Rent increases

In line with the government’s manifesto, we will empower private rented sector tenants to challenge unreasonable rent increases. This will prevent unscrupulous landlords using rent increases as a backdoor means of eviction, while ensuring rents can be increased to reflect market rates.

In future, all rent increases in the private rented sector will be made using the same process. Landlords will be able to increase rents once per year to the market rate – the price that would be achieved if the property was newly advertised to let. To do this, they will need to serve a simple ‘section 13’ notice, setting out the new rent and giving at least 2 months’ notice of it taking effect.

If a tenant believes the proposed rent increase exceeds market rate, they can then challenge this at the First-tier Tribunal, who will determine what the market rent should be.

We will reform how the Tribunal works to ensure tenants feel confident in challenging poor practice and enforcing their rights. Currently, tenants face the risk that the Tribunal may increase rent beyond what the landlord initially proposed – we will end this, so tenants never pay more than what the landlord asked for. We will also end the practice of backdating rent increases – with the new rent instead applying from the date of the Tribunal determination – to ensure tenants are not unexpectedly thrust into debt. And, in cases of undue hardship, we will give the Tribunal the power to defer rent increases by up to a further 2 months.

To ensure tenants always have a right of appeal, and prevent backdoor evictions, rent increases by any other means – such as rent review clauses – will not be permitted. This will also ensure all parties are clearer on their rights and responsibilities.

Implementation

To end the scourge of section 21 evictions as quickly as possible, we will introduce the new tenancy for the private rented sector system in one stage. On this date the new tenancy system will apply to all private tenancies - existing tenancies will convert to the new system, and any new tenancies signed on or after this date will also be governed by the new rules. Existing fixed terms will be converted to periodic tenancies, and landlords will no longer be able to serve new section 21 or old-style section 8 notices to evict their tenants. This single date will prevent a confusing 2-tier system, and give all tenants security immediately.

We will work closely with all parts of the sector to ensure a smooth transition to the new system, and will provide sufficient notice ahead of implementation. The bill makes specific provision to ensure a smooth transition and avoid unnecessary ‘cliff edges’, for example maintaining the validity of rent increases and notices served prior to implementation.

We remain committed to abolition of section 21 in the social rented sector too. While our intention is to do this as quickly as possible, we consider it necessary to update our Direction to the Regulator of Social Housing so that they can update their Tenancy Standard. This will ensure it is clear what registered providers must do under the new system. As this requires a statutory consultation process, we will apply the new system to social tenancies (where the landlord is a private registered provider of social housing) at a later date.

Assured shorthold tenancies are typically only used in the social sector where there was an expectation that a tenancy would be for the short-term. As such, the majority of social tenants already enjoy secure assured tenancies, which have greater security and do not allow the use of section 21.

Table 1: Grounds for possession

Frequently asked questions

How does a private landlord currently evict a tenant .

• Under the Housing Act 1988, landlords must serve a legal notice to end a tenancy. If the tenant does not leave, the landlord must go to court, which can instruct bailiffs to enforce eviction.
• Currently, a landlord can evict a tenant without providing any reason – a section 21 eviction. This requires the landlord to give the tenant 2 months’ notice. After this, it is always mandatory for the court to order eviction of the tenant if the tenant does not leave during the notice period.
• Landlords may also seek possession using section 8 grounds – a list of circumstances defined in law in which a landlord can evict a tenant, for example due to rent arrears. If a tenant does not leave during the notice period, a landlord must prove to a court that the ground applies.

What problems are the reforms intended to solve? 

• Section 21 means more than 11 million renters in England live day in, day out with the knowledge that they could be uprooted from their home with little notice and minimal justification. This can impact their ability to work or attend school and puts them at risk of homelessness.
• Section 21 also means a significant minority of tenants are forced to live in substandard accommodation due to a fear that, if they complain, their landlord can simply evict them in retaliation.
• Fixed terms mean tenants are locked in, and must pay rent regardless of whether the property is fit to live in – giving unscrupulous landlords no incentive to complete repairs. They also remove flexibility for both parties to respond to changes in personal circumstances, for example if a tenant wants to move to take up a new job.
• Existing tenancy legislation is extremely complex, and tenants and landlords can struggle to understand their rights and responsibilities. Introducing a simpler, more standardised system will help everyone act within the law.

What security does a tenant have under the new system?

• The bill will protect tenants from section 21 evictions, and mean landlords can only end tenancies in specific circumstances set out in law, including where the tenant is at fault or if the landlord needs to sell.
• Tenants will benefit from a 12-month protected period at the beginning of a tenancy, during which landlords cannot evict them to move in or sell the property. Landlords will need to provide 4 months’ notice when using these grounds, giving tenants more time to find a new home.
• We are also expanding protections for tenants who temporarily fall into rent arrears by increasing the mandatory threshold for eviction to 3 months’ arrears from 2 months, alongside other measures.

How will a landlord regain possession in future? 

• The Renters’ Rights Bill will abolish section 21 evictions, meaning landlords must instead use a section 8 ground for possession – these are specific circumstances in which a landlord can regain possession. 
• The bill will ensure landlords enjoy robust grounds for possession. The grounds for possession are outlined in ‘Table 1’ above and cover all circumstances when it is reasonable for a landlord to take their property back.
• To regain possession, landlords will serve notice in the prescribed form, giving at least the required notice period to the tenant. As in the current system, landlords will need to go to court if a tenant does not leave and provide evidence that the ground applies.

How will a tenant end a tenancy once the reforms are implemented?

• A tenant will be able to end a tenancy by giving 2 months’ notice. The end date of the tenancy will need to align with the end of a rent period.

What evidence will a landlord need to provide? 

• If a tenant does not leave when an eviction notice is served, a landlord will need to provide evidence in court to prove the relevant ground applies. We will issue guidance to support landlords with this.
• Courts are best placed to interpret the available evidence depending on the facts of the case, and we do not wish to restrict this role in legislation. As an example, a landlord might show they have instructed an estate agent and solicitor if they wished to prove they were selling a property.

Will a landlord be able to increase rents in the new system?

• The government does not support the introduction of rent controls, and nothing in the bill restricts landlords raising rents in line with market prices.
• In the new system, all private rented sector rent increases will be made via the statutory ‘section 13’ process, as amended by the bill. This requires a landlord to complete a simple form, which will be published on GOV.UK, and serve this on the tenant.
• Once the form is served, the landlord will not have to take further action. If the tenant accepts the proposed rent increase, they simply need to pay the new amount on the next rent day.
• A tenant can dispute the increase by applying to the First-tier Tribunal, if they think it is above market rate. This must be before the starting date of the proposed new rent and tenants should notify their landlord that they are doing so. The bill makes changes to the Tribunal system to support tenants in challenging unreasonable rent increases.
• Landlords for social rented tenants who meet the definition of “relevant low-cost tenancies” (as defined in the bill) will retain the current mechanisms for increasing rent. This includes increasing the rent at any point in the first 52 weeks of a tenancy and using review clauses within a tenancy to increase the rent, as they can at present.

When will the tenancy reforms be implemented?

We will introduce the new tenancy system for the private rented sector in one stage. On this date, the new tenancy system will apply to all private tenancies - existing tenancies will convert to the new system, and any new tenancies signed on or after this date will also be governed by the new rules.

A one-stage implementation will prevent a confusing 2-tier system, and give all tenants security immediately. We will provide the sector with sufficient notice of the system taking effect, and work closely with all parties to ensure a smooth transition.

For tenancies where the landlord is a private registered provider of social housing, we will implement the new system at a later date. This is to allow time to update our Direction to the Regulator of Social Housing so that they can update their Tenancy Standard – this requires a statutory consultation process.

How will the new system affect the county court?

As now, landlords will only need to go through the courts in a small minority of cases where a tenant doesn’t leave at the end of a notice period. Ultimately, we expect our rental reforms to reduce demand on the courts because only cases where there is a clear, well-evidenced ground for possession will be able to proceed.

We want to ensure that wherever possible court action is the last resort. The Renters’ Rights Bill makes provision for the ombudsman to provide landlord-initiated mediation, enabling disputes to be resolved before they escalate to court. We are working with the Ministry of Justice to explore further options for early dispute resolution.

However, where a dispute cannot be resolved through other methods, the involvement of the courts will continue to be a necessary part of the possession process, to ensure that landlords have proper grounds for proceeding. The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government is working with the Judiciary, the Ministry of Justice and HM Courts and Tribunals Service to ensure that the county court is prepared for the changes to the tenancy system.

We will continue to work towards digitising the possession process so that, when court action is required, it is more efficient and easier for landlords and tenants to understand.

How will non-PRS sectors be affected by the new system?

• The new tenancy system will be used by landlords outside the private rented sector – including private registered providers (PRPs) of social housing (typically housing associations) and providers of supported accommodation, as well as landlords providing temporary accommodation to homeless households.

The reforms will apply to PRPs, in much the same way as private landlords. This will ensure social tenants have the same protections and flexibilities as those living in the private rented sector.

In some sectors, it is necessary to move tenants on where accommodation is intended for a particular purpose, particularly where the current tenant may no longer need the accommodation or is no longer eligible to occupy it.

• We will therefore introduce a limited number of possession grounds to ensure there is an adequate supply of properties in these sectors. This includes vital sectors such as temporary and supported accommodation, and for critical housing schemes such as ‘stepping stone’ accommodation.

Private Rented Sector Landlord Ombudsman

The government will introduce a new Private Rented Sector Landlord Ombudsman Service, which all private landlords in England with assured or regulated tenancies will be required by law to join, including those who use a managing agent.

Tenants will be able to use the service for free to complain about a landlords’ actions or behaviours. The service will offer fair, impartial and binding resolution for tenants, and will have powers to compel landlords to issue an apology, provide information, take remedial action, and/or pay compensation. The service will also benefit landlords by resolving tenant-initiated complaints in the quickest and most cost-effective way possible. Landlords will also have access to guidance and support from the ombudsman service to help them improve their complaint handling practices.

The bill includes robust enforcement measures for the ombudsman service. Local councils will be able to take action against landlords who fail to join, or against anyone who markets a PRS property where the landlord is not registered. This will include civil penalties of up to £7,000 for initial breaches and up to £40,000 or criminal prosecution for continuing or repeated breaches. Tenants will be able to seek rent repayment orders against their landlord if the landlord commits an offence by persistently failing to join the ombudsman service.

Landlords will be required to comply with ombudsman decisions. Failure to comply may result in a landlord being expelled from the scheme and subsequent local council enforcement action, as outlined above. There will be a route for landlords to rejoin the ombudsman service if they take the necessary steps to become compliant.

When will the ombudsman service be introduced and landlords be expected to sign up? Will they be expected to pay for membership?

• The ombudsman service will be introduced as soon as possible after Royal Assent. Landlords will be given notice of the date by which they will be required to sign up to the ombudsman service and sufficient time to make appropriate arrangements.
• We expect that landlords will likely be required to pay a small annual fee per PRS property. The ombudsman service will set this fee based on the costs of operating an effective service and we will work with them to make sure it is proportionate and good value.

How will a tenant challenge their landlord using the ombudsman service and what powers will it have to help tenants resolve their complaints?

• The ombudsman service will independently and impartially investigate tenant complaints. If the service determines that the landlord acted unreasonably or unprofessionally when handling a tenant’s original complaint to the landlord, the ombudsman will be able to tell a landlord to take or cease taking an action, issue an apology or explanation, and/or award compensation to put things right. Landlords who are members of the ombudsman must abide by the ombudsman’s decisions.
• We expect tenants will be able to contact the ombudsman online or by telephone and we will work to ensure that all tenants, including those who are vulnerable, can access the service.

What will tenants be able to complain to the ombudsman service about and will prospective and former, as well as current, tenants be able to make complaints?

• Broadly, the ombudsman service will consider complaints from tenants regarding actions, inactions or behaviours of a landlord which has caused harm or inconvenience. The types of complaint that the service will consider are not included on the face of the Renters’ Rights Bill so the ombudsman can retain sufficient discretion to consider the individual circumstances of each complaint.
• When a property is marketed for letting, the landlord will be required to be a member of the ombudsman service. We will also expect landlords to remain members for a reasonable amount of time once they have stopped being a landlord.
• This is because things can go wrong for tenants at any point in the rental process, so it is reasonable for tenants to have the opportunity to seek redress for harm or inconvenience caused during the pre-letting period or at the end of a tenancy.

Will landlords be able to complain to the ombudsman about their tenants?

• No, it would be unprecedented and inappropriate for landlords to seek binding decisions from the ombudsman service, which is designed to protect consumer rights. Therefore, only tenants will be able to seek redress from the service.  
• However, we are committed to ensuring that landlords, like tenants, have appropriate access to alternative dispute resolution. We are exploring options for landlord-initiated mediation for landlords to resolve issued with their tenants.  

Will landlords who use an agent to manage their property need to join and how will tenants know where to complaint if their landlord uses a managing agent?

• Yes. Landlords who use managing agents are still responsible for their own behaviour and still retain legal obligations to tenants – particularly around standards and repairs.
• Landlords and agents will remain responsible for their own actions and behaviours, as well as the respective services they have agreed and are legally bound to provide to tenants. Tenants and landlords will still be able to complain about agents and receive redress through the existing agent redress schemes.
• If the landlord and agent are both at fault, the provision for cooperation in the bill will allow the PRS Landlord Ombudsman to work with the existing agent redress schemes to conduct joint investigations and, where appropriate, issue joint decisions.

Which organisation will take on the role of the new ombudsman?

• The government will pursue the most appropriate route for designating or approving an ombudsman scheme to provide the best service for tenants and landlords.
• The administrator of the PRS Landlord Ombudsman Service will be appointed as soon as possible after the bill’s provisions are commenced.

Private Rented Sector Database

The Renters’ Rights Bill will introduce a new Private Rented Sector Database. All landlords of assured and regulated tenancies will be legally required to register themselves and their properties on the database and could be subject to penalties if they market or let out a property without registering it and providing the required information.

The database will provide a ‘one stop shop’ for landlords allowing them to access relevant guidance through a single ‘front door’. This will provide the basis for an effective service, helping landlords understand their obligations and demonstrate compliance. The database will also be used for communicating changes to requirements – ensuring landlords have access to simple up-to-date information about their responsibilities.  

For tenants, the database will increase transparency and the information available before they decide to rent a property and throughout their renting journey. This will allow them to take effective action to enforce their rights and be aware when they can escalate issues with their property to their local council or the Private Rented Sector Ombudsman.   

The database will provide local councils with more data about private rented sector properties. One of the biggest and most time-consuming barriers faced by local councils is identifying poor quality and non-compliant private rented sector properties and who owns them. The database will provide a trusted and consistent intelligence source which will remove unnecessary, frustrating administration, meaning council staff will be able to focus on enforcement against criminal landlords. 

How will a landlord sign up to the database and what happens if they don’t?

• All landlords of assured and regulated tenancies will be legally required to register themselves and their properties on the database. They will be able to do this online.
• For those who are unable to register online, we will offer alternative offline ways for registrations to be processed.
• Landlords in breach of the duty to register on the database will not be able to get a possession order except if the ground under which possession is sought is ground 7A or ground 14 (tenant anti-social behaviour).
• Local councils will be able to take enforcement action against private landlords that fail to join the PRS Database.  If a landlord lets or advertises a property without it first being registered on the database, they can be issued with a civil penalty of up to £7,000 by the local council. If a landlord repeatedly breaches the requirement, or if they commit a serious offence such as providing fraudulent information to the database, they may be issued with a civil penalty of up to £40,000 or could face criminal prosecution.

Who will pay for the database? How much will it cost landlords?  

• Landlords will be required to pay to register on the database. However, we will work to ensure that the fee is proportionate and good value.

What information will be available to the public on the database?    

• We are still determining the exact information which will be available to the public and this will be set out in regulations.  We are planning for this to include information related to property standards.
• We are committed to carefully balancing landlords’ privacy concerns with private tenants’ need to make informed decisions about their housing options when designing a new system. Tenants will be able to access necessary information in relation to their landlord and details of the property, but we do not envisage that all data will be publicly accessible. 

How will the database interact with the Database of Rogue Landlords?  

• We intend for the Private Rented Sector Database to replace the functionality of the Database of Rogue Landlords relating to private sector landlords. 
• We will make certain details relating to offences viewable to tenants and prospective tenants. Opening up this information will ensure tenants can make a more informed rental decision – leading to a better rental experience. However, we will also ensure that this aim is proportionate to landlords’ right to privacy.  

Will the introduction of the database mean the end of selective licensing?

• Selective licensing remains a valuable tool when used appropriately and combined with other measures. It enables local authorities to target the improvement of standards and safety in areas suffering from issues such as poor housing quality, high levels of deprivation and anti-social behaviour. It has the ability to drive better outcomes for local residents, tenants and responsible landlords.  
• Our plans to deliver a Database will provide access to information about privately rented properties and tackle one of the biggest and most time-consuming barriers faced by local councils when enforcing standards – identifying poor quality and non-compliant properties and who owns them. 
• We will work with local councils to gather more information about their selective licensing schemes to ensure the schemes are continuing to deliver the intended outcomes.

When will the database be launched?

• The database is currently undergoing digital development and we aim for the service to be operational as soon as possible following the passage of primary and secondary legislation. 
• The next stage of development will be the ‘Beta phase’, which will involve building and testing iterations of the service with key users. This testing phase will also inform the requirements for the content of the database which will be set out in regulations.
• We will continue to engage with stakeholders and users as we take forward the development of the service and we will conduct extensive testing of the new service ahead of the legal requirement for private residential landlords to register on the database coming into force.

Prohibiting rental discrimination

Rental discrimination against families with children or people who receive benefits have no place in a fair and modern housing market. Everyone in the private rented sector is entitled to a safe and decent home and prospective tenants should be considered on an individual basis.

The Renters’ Rights Bill will take direct action to address rental discrimination practices in the private rented sector. It will address both overt discriminatory practices, such as ‘No DSS’ adverts, and situations where landlords or letting agents use other indirect practices in order to prevent someone entering into a tenancy.

Landlords and agents will continue to have the final say on who they let their property to and can carry out referencing checks to make sure tenancies are sustainable for all parties. They will be able to do this based on affordability, but not on the basis the prospective tenant has children or is in receipt of benefits.

We are introducing these protections in England and have worked closely with the Welsh and Scottish Governments to extend rental discrimination provisions to Wales and Scotland through the Renters’ Rights Bill.

Won’t landlords just discriminate in less obvious ways?

• We are taking direct action to stop both overt discriminatory practices, such as ‘no DSS’ adverts, and indirect practices intentionally designed to prevent families with children or people who receive benefits from entering into a tenancy.
• We will work to ensure that tenants know their rights; landlords and agents understand what is expected of them; and local authorities have the resources and skills to enforce effectively.  

What about if properties aren’t suitable for children? 

• Landlords and agents should consider applicants on their individual circumstances.
• A 1-bedroom flat for example might be suitable for a mother with a baby but not for a parent with 2 teenage children, where this level of occupancy would mean that rules on overcrowding were breached.
• It will be for those letting properties to consider whether excluding prospective tenants with children represents a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim and landlords would need to be able to evidence their decision on a case-by-case basis.

My mortgage/ lease says I can’t let to those in receipt of benefits or with children, what happens then?

• Our measures ensure that terms in mortgages and superior agreements which restrict the letting of a property to private renters without children or who receive benefits are of no effect, preventing any breach of contract where a landlord fails to fulfil them.
• Therefore, a landlord cannot be compelled to discriminate by their mortgage or superior landlord agreement.
• A superior landlord may only include restrictive terms on letting to those with children if it is a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim.

My insurance contract says I can’t let to those in receipt of benefits or with children. What should I do?

• Existing insurance contracts that begin before the legislation comes into force will be exempt from the provisions until the insurance contract comes to an end or is renewed.
• Many insurance companies already offer services to landlords who rent to tenants with children or receiving benefits.
• Any restrictive terms in a new insurance contract following the legislation coming into force will be of no effect, preventing any breach of contract.  

When will you implement the rental discrimination prohibition? 

• Following Royal Assent of the Renters’ Rights Bill, we will allow time for a smooth transition to the new system. We will support tenants, landlords and agents to understand and adjust to the new rules, while making sure that people who receive benefits and families with children can benefit from the reforms as soon as possible.  
• We are engaging with the sector on the implementation of the rental discrimination provisions and will provide more information in due course.

How will this be enforced in England?

• We are giving local councils powers to impose civil penalties on landlords and anyone acting directly or indirectly on their behalf up to £7,000 for breaches. Those issued with a financial penalty will be able to appeal the penalty at the First-tier Tribunal.
• Landlords and letting agents can receive multiple penalties for continued and repeat breaches.
• Our enforcement system will keep all routes to justice open for tenants. Prospective tenants will be able to pursue a breach through their local council or through the courts and seek redress through the new Private Rented Sector Ombudsman and letting agent redress schemes.

Which nations do the rental discrimination provisions apply to?

• We are introducing these protections in England and have worked closely with the Welsh and Scottish Governments to extend the rental discrimination provisions to Wales and Scotland through the Renters’ Rights Bill.
• As housing is devolved and enforcement mechanisms vary, the penalty for a breach of rental discrimination provisions in Wales and Scotland will be a criminal offence in line with the wider housing framework of the devolved administrations.

Rental bidding

The Renters’ Rights Bill will end the unfair practice of pitting renters against each other in bidding wars. By outlawing rental bidding, we will level the playing field for renters and crack down on the minority of unscrupulous landlords who make the most of the housing crisis by forcing tenants to bid for their properties.

Once enacted, the Renters’ Rights Bill will require landlords and letting agents to publish an asking rent for their property. It will also prohibit them from asking for, encouraging, or accepting any bids above this price.

By directly tackling rental bidding, the Renters’ Rights Bill will improve the experiences of prospective tenants across England and ensure that the exploitative approach currently taken by a minority of unscrupulous landlords is ended for good.

Won’t this just encourage landlords to leave the market?

• The majority of landlords do not currently encourage rental bidding and the government does not expect these reforms to have a destabilising effect on the rental market.    

When will you implement the rental bidding prohibition? 

• Following Royal Assent of the Renters’ Rights Bill, we will allow time for a smooth transition to the new system. We will support tenants, landlords and agents to understand and adjust to the new rules, while making sure that prospective tenants can benefit from the reforms as soon as possible.
• We are engaging with the sector on the implementation of the rental bidding provisions and will provide more information in due course.
• We are giving local councils powers to impose civil penalties on landlords and anyone acting directly or indirectly on their behalf up to £7,000 for breaches.
• Landlords and letting agents can receive multiple civil penalties for continued and repeat breaches.
• Our enforcement system will keep routes to justice open for tenants. Tenants will be able to pursue a breach through their local council and seek redress through the new Private Rented Sector Ombudsman and letting agent redress schemes.

Will local government be funded to enforce the rental bidding provisions?

The government will carry out a New Burdens exercise to analyse the financial implication on local government of implementing and administering these provisions.

In line with the New Burdens doctrine, the government will fully fund the cost of any additional duties on local government.

Which nations do the rental bidding provisions apply to?

• Housing is a devolved matter. The rental bidding provisions apply only in England.

Renting with pets

Pets can bring a huge amount of joy to their owners. We are committed to supporting responsible pet ownership in the private rented sector. The Renters’ Rights Bill will ensure landlords do not unreasonably withhold consent when a tenant requests to have a pet in their home, with the tenant able to challenge unfair decisions.

We know that some landlords are concerned about potential damage caused by pets. That is why the Renters’ Rights Bill will allow landlords to require insurance covering pet damage. This will provide landlords with reassurance that any damage caused by a pet can be taken care of, and that the responsibility for preventing and resolving damage caused by a pet will fall to the tenant.

We will publish guidance for landlords and tenants before the new rules come into effect.

What is a reasonable reason for a landlord to refuse a tenant having a pet?

• Landlords will be required to fully consider all requests on a case-by-case basis. Due to the diversity of landlords, tenants, and properties in the private rented sector, it would not be possible to legislate for every situation where a landlord would or would not be able to ‘reasonably’ refuse a pet.
• It will always be reasonable for a landlord to refuse a request when their superior landlord prohibits pets. We will provide guidance to landlords and tenants to support decisions.

What happens if a landlord unreasonably refuses?

• Where a tenant feels that a landlord has unreasonably refused their request, they will be able to escalate their complaint to the Private Rented Sector Ombudsman or they could take the case to court. 
• A final decision will be based on the evidence provided by both parties.

What happens if a pet damages a property?

• We are amending the Tenant Fees Act 2019 so that landlords can require insurance to cover any damage caused by pets living in the property. If the landlord takes out the insurance, those reasonable costs will be recoverable from the tenant.
• Tenants also pay a tenancy deposit which can be used for damages although landlords should not attempt to recover costs twice for the same damage.
• In the very rare cases where the insurance and deposit do not cover the cost of the damage, a landlord could take the tenant to court to recoup additional funds in line with wider rules in the sector.

Decent Homes Standard

Everyone deserves to live in a safe and decent home. This is why we are introducing a Decent Homes Standard (DHS) in the private rented sector for the first time. Applying a DHS to privately rented homes will ensure tenants benefit from homes that are safe and decent.

The Renters’ Rights Bill will allow regulations to be made setting out DHS requirements for private rented sector homes and will provide local councils with effective and proportionate enforcement powers.

We know that the majority of landlords already provide decent housing and a good service for their tenants. The DHS will help landlords by clarifying requirements and establishing a level playing field, backed up by consistent enforcement. 

Which PRS properties will be required to meet the DHS? 

• The DHS will apply to the vast majority of private rented homes, including all PRS homes let on assured tenancies. The standard will also apply to privately rented supported housing occupied both under tenancies and licences. This means that most tenants will benefit from the new standard.  
• The bill also includes a power to extend the scope to include other types of tenancies and licences. This will allow us to respond to changes in the sector or evidence of poor condition in some PRS property types that are not covered by the standard.  

How will the Decent Homes Standard be enforced?

• If a privately rented property fails to meet DHS requirements, the local council will have a range of enforcement mechanisms available. This includes, for example, issuing an improvement notice requiring the landlord to remedy the failure within a specified timescale.
• Landlords who fail to comply with enforcement action can be subject to a civil penalty or criminal prosecution. If such an offence is committed, the tenant or local council can also apply to the First-tier Tribunal for a rent repayment order. 
• We will be introducing a legal duty on landlords to ensure their property meets the DHS. For landlords who fail to take reasonably practicable steps to keep their properties free of serious hazards, local councils will also have a new power to issue civil penalties of up to £7,000. This will incentivise all landlords to proactively manage and maintain the safety and decency of their properties. 

Awaab’s Law

No-one should be forced to live in a home that is unsafe. Following the tragic and avoidable death of 2-year old Awaab Ishak due to prolonged exposure to mould in his social rented home, the Manchester Evening News, Shelter and the Ishak family led a campaign for ‘Awaab’s Law’. This was introduced for social housing through the Social Housing (Regulation) Act 2023.

The Renters’ Rights Bill will now extend Awaab’s Law to privately rented homes. This will ensure that all renters in England are empowered to challenge dangerous conditions and that all landlords must take swift action to make sure homes are safe. 

The measures in the bill will allow new requirements to be set requiring private rented sector landlords to address hazards, such as damp and mould, within a specified time period. If landlords do not comply, tenants will be able to bring enforcement action against them through the courts.

How will Awaab’s Law be enforced in the private rented sector? 

• In line with the approach taken for social housing, Awaab’s Law will imply terms into private rented sector tenancy agreements. This means all private landlords will have to meet Awaab’s Law requirements – for example, on timescales for dealing with hazards such as damp and mould – when these are set out in regulations.    
• If landlords fail to comply, tenants will be able to challenge them through the court for breach of contract. If the court finds the landlord in breach, they will be able to order the landlord to take appropriate action and/or pay compensation.   
• Seeking redress through the courts is not the only way that residents can challenge their landlords for breaches of Awaab’s Law. Tenants may wish to complain to their landlord and, if they are not satisfied with the response, this could then be escalated to the new Private Rented Sector Landlord Ombudsman.

What timescales will be set for private landlords to carry out repairs? Will these be the same as for social housing?

• Everyone deserves a home that is safe, decent and secure, so it is only right that Awaab’s Law protections should be in place for renters regardless of whether their homes are privately or socially rented.  
• We recognise that there are differences between the private and social rented sectors. We will carefully consider how best to apply Awaab’s Law to the private rented sector in a way that is fair, proportionate and effective for both tenants and landlords, and will consult on this. We will set out further detail on our plans in due course.

Enforcement and investigatory powers

The reforms we are introducing will be underpinned by an effective, consistent and proportionate enforcement framework. We are extending councils’ powers to collect and retain revenue for future enforcement work from financial penalties against landlords who flout the rules.

Initial or minor non-compliance will incur a civil penalty of up to £7,000 and serious, persistent or repeat non-compliance a civil penalty of up to £40,000, with the alternative of a criminal prosecution.

We are providing councils with a range of new investigatory powers which will allow them to enforce our new reforms, including powers to require information from relevant persons and any persons and powers of entry to business and residential premises.

In accordance with the New Burdens Doctrine, we will ensure that, where necessary, the net additional costs that may fall on local councils as a result of our proposed reforms are fully funded.  

What’s changing on enforcement?  

• We’re extending civil penalties and rent repayment orders, placing a new duty on councils to take enforcement action and enhancing their powers of investigation to make that easier. 
• Local councils will be able to issue civil penalties against landlords who fail to comply with our reforms – for example if they fail to register on the Private Rented Sector Database or with the ombudsman or abuse the new grounds of possession.   
• First or minor non-compliance will incur a civil penalty of up to £7,000 and serious or repeat non-compliance a civil penalty of up to £40,000.  
• For serious and repeat non-compliance, local councils will alternatively be able to pursue a criminal prosecution with an unlimited fine.   
• For the first time, local councils will also be able to issue civil penalties against landlords who evict their tenants illegally.  
• We are extending rent repayment orders to superior landlords and to some of the new offences in the bill, increasing the maximum penalty to 2 years’ rent  and requiring repeat offenders to repay the maximum amount of rent.  
• We are introducing enhanced investigatory powers that will make it easier for local councils to obtain financial information from landlords and third parties when seeking to build a case against landlords for suspected abuses.   
• We are exploring a national framework for setting civil penalties based on clear culpability and harm considerations, supporting a consistent approach to civil penalty setting and reducing the likelihood of reductions on appeal.  

What are the new investigatory powers?

• The Renters’ Rights Bill introduces new investigatory powers to help to support local authorities tackle unscrupulous landlords.
• These powers are modelled on existing powers available for local trading standards, for example to support the enforcement of letting and estate agent legislation.
• The bill provides a power to require information from third parties such as banks, accountants and client money protection schemes, as an additional route to get vital evidence to build cases.
• It also includes the power to enter business premises and – in more limited circumstances – residential premises to obtain on-site evidence. Often essential evidence, such as email exchanges, text messages, bank statements and tenancy agreements, are held on business premises.
• These powers will be available for breaches relating to the new Bill and wider housing legislation.

Rent repayment orders

Rent repayment orders (RROs) are an important tenant-led enforcement tool to sit alongside the local authority enforcement that this Bill is giving impetus to.  They deter landlords from non-compliance and empower tenants to take action against criminal landlords. RROs are also available to local authorities where the rent has been paid through Universal Credit or Housing Benefit.

We are introducing a package of measures to strengthen RROs. The measures will increase the deterrent effect of RROs, make them easier and more appealing for tenants and local authorities to pursue and expand them to cover more of the sector.

What’s changing on RROs?

• We are extending RROs to superior landlords and company directors to ensure criminal rent-to-rent arrangements can be properly held to account.
• RROs will apply to new offences in the bill, to ensure robust tenant-led enforcement and better compliance with the new system.
• Landlords who have previously been subject to enforcement action for an offence will be required to repay the full amount of rent if they commit that offence again, to crack down on repeat offenders.
• The maximum amount of rent a landlord can be ordered to repay will double from 12 to 24 months, increasing the deterrent effect of RROs and making them more appealing for tenants and local authorities to pursue.
• We are extending the period in which a tenant or local authority can apply for an RRO after the offence from 12 to 24 months, making them easier for tenants and local authorities to pursue and helping prevent them from being timed out.
• Where a landlord has been convicted of or received a financial penalty for any of the relevant offences across the bill, they will be required to repay the maximum RRO amount. This ensures the deterrent effect is maximised across all the relevant RRO offences.

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• How to start a personal statement: The attention grabber

Applying to university

• Getting started
• UCAS Tariff points
• Calculate your UCAS Tariff points
• Amendments to the Tariff consultation
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• Fraud and similarity

How to end your personal statement

• Introducing the personal statement tool
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• Personal statement week
• What to include in a personal statement
• Using AI and ChatGPT to help you with your personal statement
• Using your personal statement beyond a university application
• Carers, estranged students, refugees, asylum seekers, and those with limited leave to remain
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• References for mature students

The best statements tend to be genuine and specific from the very start. You'll be on the right track if you show your enthusiasm for the subject or course, your understanding of it, and what you want to achieve.

Admissions tutors – the people who read and score your personal statement – say don’t get stressed about trying to think of a ‘killer opening’. Discover the advice below and take your time to think about how best to introduce yourself.

Liz Bryan: HE Coordinator and Careers Advisor, Queen Elizabeth Sixth Form College

Preparing to write your personal statement.

Start by making some notes . The personal statement allows admissions tutors to form a picture of who you are. So, for the opener, think about writing down things, such as:

• why you’re a good candidate
• your motivations
• what brings you to this course

If you’re applying for multiple courses , think about how your skills, academic interests, and the way you think are relevant to all the courses you've chosen.

Top tips on how to write your statement opener

We spoke to admissions tutors at unis and colleges – read on for their tips.

1. Don't begin with the overkill opening

Try not to overthink the opening sentence. You need to engage the reader with your relevant thoughts and ideas, but not go overboard .

Tutors said: ‘The opening is your chance to introduce yourself, to explain your motivation for studying the course and to demonstrate your understanding of it. The best personal statements get to the point quickly. Go straight in. What excites you about the course and why do you want to learn about it more?’

Be succinct and draw the reader in, but not with a gimmick. This isn't the X Factor. Admissions tutor

2. Write about why you want to study that course

Think about why you want to study the course and how you can demonstrate this in your written statement :

’Your interest in the course is the biggest thing. Start with a short sentence that captures the reason why you’re interested in studying the area you’re applying for and that communicates your enthusiasm for it. Don't waffle or say you want to study something just because it's interesting. Explain what you find interesting about it.’

It's much better to engage us with something interesting, relevant, specific and current in your opening line… Start with what's inspiring you now, not what inspired you when you were six. Admissions tutor

3. Avoid cliches

Try to avoid cliches and the most obvious opening sentences so you stand out from the very first line . UCAS publishes a list of common opening lines each year. Here are just some overused phrases to avoid using in your personal statement:

• From a young age…      
• For as long as I can remember…
• I am applying for this course because…
• I have always been interested in…
• Throughout my life I have always enjoyed…

And try not to use quotes . Quotations are top of the list of admissions tutors' pet hates.

4. Maybe don't begin at the start?

’Concentrate on the main content of your statement and write the introduction last. I think the opening line is the hardest one to write, so I often say leave it until the end and just try and get something down on paper.’

It may be easier to get on with writing the main content of your statement and coming back to the introduction afterwards –that way you will also know what you’re introducing.

I often advise applicants to start with paragraph two, where you get into why you want to study the course. That's what we're really interested in. Admissions tutor

The personal statement tool image

Don’t be tempted to copy or share your statement.

UCAS scans all personal statements through a similarity detection system to compare them with previous statements.

Any similarity greater than 30% will be flagged and we'll inform the universities and colleges to which you have applied. 

Find out more

Joseph bolton: year 2 history& politics student, university of liverpool.

• Do talk about you and your enthusiasm for the subject from the very start.
• Do be specific. Explain what you want to study and why in the first two sentences.
• Do come back to the opening sentences if you can’t think what to write straightaway.
• Don’t waste time trying to think of a catchy opening.
• Don't waffle – simply explain what you find interesting about the subject and show that you know what you are applying for.
• Don't rely on someone else's words. It's your statement after all – they want to know what you think.

One final thought

Think about making a link between your opening sentence and closing paragraph – a technique sometimes called the 'necklace approach’.

You can reinforce what you said at the start or add an extra dimension. For example, if you started with an interesting line about what’s currently motivating you to study your chosen degree course, you could link back to it at the end, perhaps with something about why you’d love to study this further at uni.

Need more advice?

• Struggling with the conclusion to your personal statement? Read our guide on how to finish your statement the right way .
• Read more dos and don’ts when writing your personal statement . 
• Discover what to include in your personal statement .
• Start your opening sentences with our personal statement builder now.

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