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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce

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Case study Questions Class 10 Science Chapter 8 are very important to solve for your exam. Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Case Study Questions have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving case study-based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce

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In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

How Do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Question 1:

The male reproductive system consists of portions that produce the germ cells and other portions that deliver the germ cells to the site of fertilization. Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum because sperm formation requires a lower temperature than normal body temperature. It also has a role of secretion of male sex hormone which brings changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty. Vas deferens unites with a tube coming from the urinary bladder. The urethra is a common passage for sperms and urine. The prostate gland and seminal vesicles add their secretions so that sperms are now in a fluid.

case study questions from how do organisms reproduce

(i) Name the sex hormone associated with males. (a) Testosterone (b) Progesterone (c) Oestrogen (d) None of these

Answer: (a) Testosterone

(ii) Which of the following statements is incorrect ? (a) Sperms are present in a fluid (b) Fluid provides nutrition to sperms (c) Fluid makes easier transportation of sperms (d) Fluid helps to bind the sperms together

(iii) Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in scrotum because (a) sperms formation requires higher temperature than body temperature (b) sperms formation requires lower temperature than body temperature (c) it is easier to transport sperms from the scrotum (d) None of these

Answer: (b) sperms formation requires lower temperature than body temperature

(iv) Which of the following statement is incorrect? (a) Sperms and urine has a common passage from urethra.

(b) Sperms have long tail that helps them to move forward. (c) Sperms contain genetic material. (d) Sperms formation requires 1–3°C higher temperature than normal body temperature.

Answer: (d) Sperms formation requires 1–3°C higher temperature than normal body temperature.

(v) What is the nature of semen? (a) slightly acidic (b) Neutral (c) Slightly basic (d) Strongly basic

Answer: (c) Slightly basic

Question 2:

Rohit collected some pond water which was dark green in color in a test tube. She took out green-colored mass from it and separated its filaments by using needles. She broke some filaments into small fragments and put them in a Petri dish containing clean water. She observed that after a few days the small fragments gave rise to complete filaments.

2.1) What do you think the mass of green filament was ? (a) It was a mass of Spirogyra filament. (b) It was a colony of Volvox algae. (c) It was large brown algae. (d) It was a mass of fungal filaments

Answer:(a) It was a mass of Spirogyra filament.

2.2) Organisms that reproduces in similar ways as Spirogyra is : (a) yeast (b) hydra (c) Planaria (d) Sea anemone

Answer: (d) Sea anemone

2.3) The small fragment gave rise to new filament. What does it indicate ? (a) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through budding. (b) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through spore formation. (c) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through fragmentation. (d) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through fission

Answer: (c) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through fragmentation.

2.4) Which among the following organisms do not reproduce by fragmentation ? (a) Riccia (b) Selaginella (c) Aurelia (d) Marchantia

Answer: (c) Aurelia.

2.5) Select the correct statement from the following. (a) Only multicellular organisms can undergo fragmentation. (b) Both unicellular and multicellular organisms can undergo fragmentation. (c) Fragmentation is sexual mode of reproduction. (d) Fragmentation is found only in algae

Answer: (a) Only multicellular organisms can undergo fragmentation

Question 3:

In humans, if the egg is not fertilized, it lives for about one day. Since the ovary releases one egg every month, the uterus also prepares itself every month to receive a fertilized egg. Thus its lining becomes thick and spongy. This would be required for nourishing the embryo if fertilization had taken place. Now, however, this lining is not needed any longer. So, the lining slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina as blood and mucous. This cycle takes place roughly every month and is known as menstruation. It usually lasts for about two to eight days.

3.1) What is the sexual cycle in human female that takes place every 28 days and marked by bleeding ? (a) Sexual cycle (b) Reproductive cycle (c) Menstrual cycle (d) Blood cycle

Answer: (c) Menstrual cycle

3.2) If fertilisation takes place, it results in the formation of : (a) an embryo (b) a zygote (c) a foetus (d) a placenta

Answer: (b) a zygote

3.3) Why does vaginal bleeding occur in human females on attaining puberty ? (a) Unfertilised egg along with thick uterus lining come out of vagina in form of bleeding. (b) In human females, ovaries start releasing egg or ovum once every 28 days from the age of puberty. (c) If fertilisation does not occur then menstrual flow occurs at the end of cycle. (d) All of these

Answer: (d) All of these

3.4) In what conditions vaginal bleeding will not occur in a human female who has attained puberty ? (a) If the ovum is fertilised (b) If the ovum is not fertilised (c) If there is some hormonal imbalance in female (d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

3.5) Mark one change from the following associated with sexual maturation in boys ? (a) loss of milk teeth (b) weight gain (c) increase in height (d) cracking of voice

Answer: (d) cracking of voice

Question 4: A newly married couple does not want have children for few years. They consulted a doctor who advised them barrier method and chemical method of birth control. Yet another couple who already have two children and are middle aged also consulted doctor for some permanent solution to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Doctor advised them surgical method of birth control.

Another category of contraceptives acts by changing the hormonal balance of the body so that eggs are not released and fertilisation cannot occur. These drugs commonly need to be taken orally as pills. However, since they change hormonal balances, they can cause side-effects too. Other contraceptive devices such as the loop or the copper-T are placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Again, they can cause side effects due to irritation of the uterus.

4.1) What are the barrier methods of birth control ? (a) Condoms (b) Oral pills (c) Surgery (d) Both (a) and (c)

Answer: (a) Condoms

4.2) How physical barrier prevent pregnancy ? (a) They kill the sperms. (b) They kill the ovum. (c) They prevent intercourse. (d) They prevent fertilisation

Answer: (d) They prevent fertilisation.

4.3) How chemical methods prevent pregnancy ? (a) Vaginal pills contain chemical called spermicides which kill the sperms. (b) Oral pills prevent ovulation so there will be no fertilisation. (c) Oral pills stop menstruation in females. (d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

4.4) Select the correct statement regarding surgical method of birth control. (a) It involves termination of pregnancies in women particularly after eight weeks of conception. (b) Small portion of sperm duct or vas deferences in males is removed by surgical operation and both cut ends are ligated properly. (c) Small portion of oviducts in females is removed by surgical operation and cut ends are ligated. (d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)

4.5) Select the correct statement regarding birth control methods. (a) Barrier method of birth control also protects the couple from sexually transmitted diseases. (b) Some women experience unpleasant side effects on taking oral pills because of change in hormonal balance in body. (c) Surgical method in males is called vasectomy and in females is called tubectomy. (d) All of these

Answer: (d) All of these

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Science How do Organisms Reproduce

Case study questions class 10 science chapter 8 how do organisms reproduce.

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Science How do Organisms Reproduce. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions How do Organisms Reproduce.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 10 Science How do Organisms Reproduce

Case study : 1.

When a girl is born, the ovaries already contain thousands of immature eggs. On reaching puberty, some of these start maturing. One egg is produced every month by one of the ovaries. The egg is carried from the ovary to the womb through a thin oviduct or fallopian tube. The two oviducts unite into an elastic bag-like structure known as the uterus. The uterus opens into the vagina through the cervix.

I) What is fertilization?

Ans: The fusion of male gametes(sperms) and the female gametes(egg) to form zygote is called fertilization.

ii) Where does fertilization occur?

Ans: Fertilization occur in the oviduct or Fallopian tube.

iii) What is placenta?

Ans: It is an special tissue which provide nutrition from mother’s blood to developing embryo.

iv) What are the different parts of female reproductive system?

Ans: Fallopian tube, ovary, uterus, vagina and cervix.

v) What happens when egg is not fertilized?

Ans: If the egg is not fertilized, the thick lining of uterus is not needed. So, it breaks slowly and comes out through vagina as blood and vagina, which is called as menstruation.

CASE STUDY : 2

The reproductive parts of angiosperms are located in the flower. You have already studied the different parts of a flower – sepals, petals, stamens and pistil. Stamens and pistil are the reproductive parts of a flower which contain the germ-cells.The flower may be unisexual (papaya, watermelon) when it contains either stamens or pistil or bisexual (Hibiscus, mustard) when it contains both stamens and pistil.

I) What is the male reproductive parts of flower?

Ans: Stamen is the male reproductive part of flower and it consist of anther and filament.

ii) What are the different part of pistil?

Ans: Stigma, style and ovary.

iii) What is pollination?

Ans: The transfer of pollen grains from the stamen to the stigma of flower is called pollination.

iv) Where does fertilization occur in flower?

Ans: The fertilization takes place inside the ovule.

v) What are the two types of pollination?

Ans: Self pollination and cross pollination.

CASE STUDY : 3

There are many plants in which parts like the root, stem and leaves develop into new plants under appropriate conditions. Unlike in most animals, plants can indeed use such a mode for reproduction. This property of vegetative propagation is used in methods such as layering or grafting to grow many plants like sugarcane, roses, or grapes for agricultural purposes

I) What are the advantages of vegetative propagation?

Ans: • All plants that are produced by such method are genetically similar to their parent and have all its characteristics. easy, less expensive and a fast method.

ii) Give a example of vegetative propagation through buds?

Ans: Bryophyllum

iii) What is tissue culture?

Ans: New plants are grown first in suitable artificial medium and then placing it in the soil to grow into mature plants.

iv) What is grafting?

Ans: New plants are grown by joining a scion(upper portion of plant) to a stock of other plants in such a manner that they get united to each other.

v) What are the example of layering?

Ans: Jasmine or grapevine

CASE STUDY: 4

Chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell contain information for inheritance of features from parents to next generation in the form of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) molecules. The DNA in the cell nucleus is the information source for making proteins. If the information is changed, different proteins will be made. Different proteins will eventually lead to altered body designs. Therefore, a basic event in reproduction is the creation of a DNA copy. Cells use chemical reactions to build copies of their DNA.

1) What is the importance of variation?

Ans: Variation is important for the survival of species over time. Variation make the species resistant to the changing environment and hence, it make easy for their survival.

ii) Which mode of reproduction does not show much variation?

Ans: Generally, asexual reproduction show less variation which includes budding, fragmentation, fission etc.

iii) What are the different modes of reproduction of single celled organism?

Ans: Fission, fragmentation, Budding and regeneration.

iv) What are the features of sexual reproduction?

Ans: It includes both the parents to produce offsprings and DNA copy is a crucial part of it.

v) Which mode of reproduction is better and why?

Ans: Sexual reproduction is better than asexual reproduction as the chances of survival of the species is higher in sexual reproduction.

CASE STUDY : 5

The sexual act always has the potential to lead to pregnancy. Pregnancy will make major demands on the body and the mind of the woman, and if she is not ready for it, her health will be adversely affected. Therefore, many ways have been devised to avoid pregnancy.

1) What are the different methods to prevent pregnancy?

Ans: Uses of contraceptive such as condoms, pills, copper -T and surgical methods.

ii) What are the surgical methods to prevent pregnancy?

Ans: Tubectomy in females and vasecotomy in males.

iii) Why the female sex ratio is declining day by day?

Ans: Due to female foeticides by doing illegal sex selective abortion of female foetuses.

iv) Which contraceptive methods have large side effects?

Ans: Oral pills and by changing the hormonal balance leads to high side effect.

v) Why should one have the knowledge about sexual act and the disease causing by it?

Ans: To stay healthy and free free from sexually transmitted disease one should be aware of the disease cause by bacteria and viruses such as gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV- AIDS.

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Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce

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Case Study Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce

In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Here, we have provided case based/passage based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce

Case Study/Passage Based Questions

Question 1:

The male reproductive system consist of portions which produce the germ-cells and other portions that deliver the germ-cells to the site of fertilisation. Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in scrotum because sperm formation requires a lower temperature than normal body temperature. It also has a role of secretion of male sex hormone which brings changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty. Vas deferens unites with a tube coming from urinary bladder. Urethra is a common passage for sperms and urine. Prostate gland and seminal vesicles add their secretions so that sperms are now in fluid.

(i) Name the sex hormone associated with males. (a) Testosterone (b) Progesterone (c) Oestrogen (d) None of these

(iv) Which of the following statement is incorrect? (a) Sperms and urine has a common passage from urethra. (b) Sperms have long tail that helps them to move forward. (c) Sperms contain genetic material. (d) Sperms formation requires 1–3°C higher temperature than normal body temperature.

(v) What is the nature of semen? (a) slightly acidic (b) Neutral (c) Slightly basic (d) Strongly basic

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Class 10th Science - How do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023

By QB365 on 09 Sep, 2022

QB365 provides a detailed and simple solution for every Possible Case Study Questions in Class 10 Science Subject - How do Organisms Reproduce, CBSE. It will help Students to get more practice questions, Students can Practice these question papers in addition to score best marks.

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How do organisms reproduce case study questions with answer key.

10th Standard CBSE

Final Semester - June 2015

There are two organisms X and Y that produce new offspring from single parent only.Organisms X when reaches its maximum growth, divides its body into two new organisms. The parent organism does not exist any more and two new daughter organisms grow fully and divide again. Organism Y form a small outgrowth on its body called bud which detaches and develops into new organism . Read the above paragraph and answer the questions that follow. (I) Select the option that correctly identifies organisms X and Y.

(ii) Select the correct statement. (a) Organism X reproduces asexually whereas organism Y reproduces sexually (b) Organism X must be multicellular whereas organism Y should be unicellular (c) Both organisms X and Y reproduce asexually (d) Both organisms X and Yare always multicellular organisms (iii) Identify the mode of reproduction in organisms X and Y.

Spore formation, method of asexual reproduction is used by unicellular as well as multicellular organisms.Spores are microscopic units which could be air borne or are present in soil, etc. (i) A slice of bread kept in open for sometime shows growing white cottony mass which later turns black. This happens because (a) bacterial spores present in air germinate on the surface of bread slice (b) fungal spores present in air germinate on the surface of bread slice (c) protozoan microbes start feeding on bread slice (d) none ef these. (ii) Spore formation can be seen in

(iii) Bulb like structure at top of erect hyphae where spores are produced is

Radhika collected some pond water which was dark green in colour in a test tube. She took out green coloured mass from it and separated its filaments by using needles. She broke some filaments into small fragments and put them in a Petri dish containing clean water. She observed that after few days the small fragments gave rise to complete filaments. (i) What do you think the mass of green filament was? (a) It was a mass of Spirogyra filament (b) It was a colony of Volvox algae (c) It was kelp, i.e., large brown algae (d) It was a mass of fungal filaments or hyphae . (ii) The small fragment gave rise to new filament. What does it indicate? (a) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through fragmentation (b) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through vegetative propagation (c) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through budding (d) Spirogyra reproduces asexually through fission (iii) Organism which reproduces in similar way as Spirogyra is

(iv) Select the correct statement. (a) Only multicellular organisms can undergo fragmentation (b) Both unicellular and multicellular organisms can undergo fragmentation (c) Fragmentation is sexual mode of reproduction (d) Fragmentation is found only in algae. (v) Which among the given organisms do not reproduce by fragmentation?

Preeti is very fond of gardening. She has different flowering plants in her garden. One day few naughty children entered her garden and plucked many leaves of Bryophyllum plant and threw them here and there in the garden. After few days, Preeti observed that new Bryophyllum plants were coming out from the leaves which fell on the ground. (i) What does the incidence cited in the paragraph indicate? (a) Bryophyllum leaves have special buds that germinate to give rise to new plant (b) Bryophyllum can propagate vegetatively through leaves (c) Bryophyllum is a flowering plant that reproduces only asexually (d) Both (a) and (b) (ii) Which of the following plants can propagate vegetatively through leaves like Bryophyllum?

(iii) Do you think any other vegetative part of Bryophyllum can help in propagation? If yes, then which part?

(iv) Which of the following plants is artificially propagated (vegetatively) by stem cuttings in horticultural practices?

(v) In which of the following pairs both the plants can be vegetatively propagated by leaf pieces?

Horticultural methods of vegetative propagation multiply desired varieties of plants quickly from parts of their somatic body. A horticulturist used stem cutting of plant X to propagate it in a short span of time. For plant Y, he pulled a branch of towards ground and covered it with soil leaving the tip of branch exposed. He later on cut the branch from parent plant. The former developed into new plant. He propagated plant Z through underground stems called tubers. Identify the propagation methods used by horticulturist and answer the following questions. (i) What could be plants X, Y and Z?

(ii) Select the propagation methods in plants X, Y and Z. (a) X - root tubers, Y - stem cutting, Z - stem tubers (b) X - stem cutting, Y - layering, Z - underground stem (c) X -Iayering, Y - underground stem, Z - underground roots (d) X - grafting, Y - layering, Z - root tubers (iii) Select the correct statement for plant Z if it is potato. (a) Each tuber has many buds called ears (b) It is necessary to plant the whole potato tuber in the soil to produce new potato plants (c) Vegetative propagation of potato plants by tubers is much faster than production of potatoes by seeds (d) All of these. (iv) Select the plant which propagates by the same method adopted by gardener for plant Y, but naturally it propagates by stolons

A horticulturist took stems of two different plants; plant X with roots and plant Y without roots Y.He fixed the cut stem X in soil. He fitted and bound tightly the other cut stem Y over the surface of X. He fastened the joint properly with the help of polythene. The cut soon healed and the two plant stems (X and Y) grew together as one plant. (i) What is not correct of regarding given horticulture practice? (a) It enables to combine the most desirable characteristics of two plants. (b) It can be used to produce superior varieties of plants. (c) It is equally useful for both dicot and mono cot plants. (d) All of these (ii) What is stem X and stem Y respectively known?

(iii) Why is the area where two stems are joined is covered with polythene? (a) To prevent harmful infection by bacteria or fungus (b) To prevent the loss of water and plant sap from the cut and joined ends of the stems (c) To prevept CO 2 and sunlight from entering the joint (d) Both (a) and (b) (iv) Select the incorrect option regarding the horticultural practice mentioned in the given paragraph. (a) The technique mentioned in the given paragraph is known as grafting (b) While joining the two stem cuttings, cambium of both stems should be aligned so that the joint is healed properly (c) This technique is used to breed fruit trees and flowering bushes (d) The shoot system of the plant is always older than the root system. (v) The given practice is used in which of the following plants?

In an experiment, a scientist removed some cells from the growing point of a plant and placed it a suitable medium containing nutrients and plant hormones leading to the formation of shapeless lump or mass called X. X is then transferred to another medium which lead to development of roots. X with developed roots is then transferred into another medium that induced the development of shoots. X in this way differentiated into tiny plantlets which were transplanted into pots where they grew into mature plants. (i) What is X in the given paragraph?

(ii) Which technique has the scientist used for the propagation of plant?

(iii) What is the advantage of the technique mentioned in the paragraph? (a) It helps in production of disease free plants (b) It is a very fast technique as thousand of plantlets can be produced in a few weeks time (c) It is also known as micropropagation due to extremely small amount of plant material used for propagation (d) All of these. (iv) Select the incorrect statement regarding the propagation technique mentioned in the paragraph. (a) It is used in the production of ornamental plants like orchids, carnation, Chrysanthemum, etc (b) It is a modern method of artificial propagation of plants (c) Plants produced by this methods are genetically different from the parent plant (d) Very little space is needed for developing new plants by this technique. (v) Which of the following statements is incorrect? (a) Virus free plants cannot be produced by tissue culture technique (b) Tissue culture technique is useful in obtaining homozygous diploid (c) Tissue culture is useful in quick propagation of Gladiolus (d) Tissue culture is artificial method of vegetative propagation.

Ruchika planted three plants X, Y and Z of different species of flowering plant in her garden. After sometime she observed that fruit development occurred in plant X and Z but not in plant Y. She also observed that plant Z has two slightly different types of flowers. (i) Why do you think fruit formation did not take place in plant Y? (a) Plant Y is a cross pollinated plant having only female flowers (b) Plant Y is a cross pollinated plant having only male flowers (c) Plant Y is a monoecious plant having male and female organs in separate structure (d) Plant Y is a self pollinated plant having anther and stigma is in the same flower. (ii) Which of the following correctly identifies plant X, Y and Z?

(iii) Select the correct statement. (a) Plant X could be self pollinated or cross pollinated (b) Plant Y must be self pollinated whereas plant Z is cross pollinated (c) Plant Y is cross pollinated and plant Z is either self pollinated or cross pollinated (d) Both (a) and (c). (iv) Which of the following holds false for plants X, Y and Z? (a) If Ruchika covers all the male flowers of plant Z then only cross pollination is possible in plant Z (b) Flowers of plant X are always bisexual and incomplete (c) Plant Z is self pollinated if it is cucurbit but it is cross pollinated if it is pumpkin (d) Plant Y lacks pistils or female reproductive part of plant and produces pollens in large numbers. (v) Select the correct statement. (a) Plant Y always requires another plant of same species but of opposite sex for pollination (b) Plant Y always needs a pollinating agent (c) The process offertilisation never takes place in plant Y (d) All of these.

P and Q are two monoecious plants. P bears bisexual flowers whereas Q bears unisexual flowers. P does not need a pollinating agent whereas pollinating agent is required in case of Q. (i) Select the option that correctly identifies plant P and Q.

(ii) Select the correct option regarding plants P and Q. (a) Seed setting is assured in plant P even if all its flowers are emasculated (b) Male flowers of plant Q always open only after the female flowers of the plant are pollinated (c) Female flowers of plant Q can reproduce by cross pollens or self pollens depending upon the genus to which plant Q belongs to (d) P is a cross pollinated plant whereas Q is a self pollinated plant (iii) How can self pollination be avoided in plant P? (a) By removing all the flowers of plant P (b) By removing all the anthers of all the flowers (c) By removing all the carpels of all the flowers (d) None of these (iv) Which of the following holds true for plant Q? (a) Plant Q bears complete flowers (b) Plant Q bears either male flowers or female flowers but never both (c) Sexual reproduction in plant Q mayor may not give rise to genetic variations (d) All of these (v) Select the correct statement. (a) Flowers of plant P produce large number of pollen grains as compared to flowers of plant Q (b) Sexual reproduction in plant P does not bring variations (c) Sexual reproduction in plant P often gives rise to new varieties due to accumulation of genetic variations (d) Both (a) and (b)

When a human female reaches the age of puberty, a sexual cycle starts which is marked by vaginal bleeding for few days at regular time interval. (i) What is the sexual cycle in human female that is taking place in reproductive organs in every 28 days andmarked by bleeding?

(ii) What is the scientific term used for the vaginal bleeding occurring in females at regular interval?

(iii) What is the duration of menstrual cycle in human females?

(iv) Why does vaginal bleeding occur in human females on attaining puberty? (a) Unfertilised egg along with thick uterus lining come out of vagina in form of bleeding (b) In human females, ovaries start releasing egg or ovum once every 28 days from the age of puberty. (c) If fertilisation does not occur then menstrual flow occurs at the end of cycle (d) All of these (v) In what conditions vaginal bleeding will not occur in a human female who has attained puberty? (a) If the female gets pregnant (b) If there is some hormonal imbalance in female (c) If the ovum is not fertilised (d) Both (a) and (b)

A newly married couple does not want have children for few years. They consulted a doctor who advised them barrier method and chemical method of birth control. Yet another couple who already have two children and are middle aged also consulted doctor for some permanent solution to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Doctor advised them surgical method of birth control. (i) What are the barrier methods of birth control?

(ii) How physical barrier prevent pregnancy? (a) They kill the sperms (b) They kill the ovum (c) They prevent sperms from meeting the ovum (d) They prevent intercourse (iii) How chemical methods prevent pregnancy? (a) Vaginal pills contain chemical called spermicides which kill the sperms (b) Oral pills prevent ovulation so there will be no fertilisation (c) Oral pills stop menstruation in females (d) Both (a) and (b) (iv) Select the correct statement regarding surgical method of birth control. (a) It involves termination of pregnancies in women particularly after eight weeks of conception (b) Small portion of sperm duct or vas deferences in males is removed by surgical operation and both cut ends are ligated properly (c) Small portion of oviducts in females is removed by surgical operation and cut ends are ligated (d) Both (b) and (c) (v) Select the correct statement regarding birth control methods. (a) Barrier method of birth control also protects the couple from sexually transmitted diseases (b) Some women experience unpleasant side effects on taking oral pills because of change in hormonal balance in body (c) Surgical method in males is called vasectomy and in females is called tubectomy (d) All of these

A married woman used a device X made of common metal for preventing pregnancy. This device was put into her uterus by some trained medical professional. Unfortunately she got pregnant after two months of insertion of device. She was in shock to learn that her birth control device has failed. (i) What is the name of birth control device used by the woman?

(ii) Which metal is commonly used for making device X?

(iii) How does device X prevent pregnancy? (a) It prevents ovulation (b) It prevents copulation (c) It suppresses fertilising capacity of sperm (d) None of these (iv) Why do you think the woman got pregnant even after using device X? (a) Device X might have got expelled without the knowledge of woman (b) Device X might be defective and was not working from the beginning (c) Device X could have been destroyed by the uterine fluid (d) None of these (v) Select the correct statement regarding device X. (a) Device X is very effective in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (b) Device X can be inserted in uterus by woman herself (c) Device X prevents menstrual cycle in women (d) Device X can cause heavy painful and longer duration periods or menstruation

X, Y and Z are sexually reproducing organisms. Fertilisation occurs either in external medium (water) or inside the body of organism. Thus two types of gametic fusion are external fertlisation and internal fertilisation. X undergoes external fertilisation whereas Y and Z undergo internal fertilisation. X and Y both release their eggs outside their body. (i) Select the option that correctly identifies organisms X, Y and Z.

(ii) Select the correct statement regarding organisms X and Y. (a) Y produces large number of eggs where X produces single egg at a time. (b) Fertilisation in case of X occurs in water but fertilisation occurs inside the body of Y. (c) X could be a reptile whereas Y could be fish or amphibian. (d) Eggs of X are covered by hard calcareous shell whereas eggs ofY are covered in jelly. (iii) Select the incorrect statement regarding organisms Y and Z. (a) Y is oviparous whereas Z is viviparous. (b) Zygote develops to complete baby in the bodies of organism Y and Z. (c) Y could be a bird or reptile whereas Z could be a mammal. (d) Both Y and Z copulate with their female counterparts to transfer sperms in their bodies. (iv) Select the correct match. (a) Eggs with calcareous shells - Parrot, King Cobra, Salmon (b) Eggs with jelly covering - Toad, Eagle, Lizard (c) Eggs without shell - Cat, Dog, Human (d) Eggs produced in large numbers at a time - Rohu, Human, Python (v) Why are eggs of animal X covered in jelly? (a) To keep the eggs moist and offer some protection from predators (b) To prevent the egg from breaking (c) To prevent fertilisation of eggs (d) All of these

Menstrual cycle is the cycle of events taking place in female reproductive organs, under the control of sex hormones, in every 28 days. At an interval of 28 days, a single egg is released from either of two ovaries. Regular menstrual cycle stopped abruptly in a married women. She got herself tested and was happy to discover that she is pregnant with her first baby. (i) Why menstruation stops in a pregnant female? (a) The egg gets fertilised so need not to be expelled out of body (b) Ovulation stops during pregnancy and so do menstruation (c) Thick uterine lining is needed for proper development of embryo, so that it is retained (d) All of these (ii) Select the correct sequence of acts that leads to pregnancy in a female. A. Fertilisation of egg B. Ovulation C. Formation of zygote D. Implantation

(iii) How is a zygote different from embryo? (a) Zygote is formed by repeated division of embryo (b) Zygote is formed by fusion of sperm and egg whereas embryo is formed by fusion of zygote with other zygote (c) Zygote is single celled but embryo is multicellular (d) Zygote is formed by fertilisation but embryo is formed without fertilisation (iv) What change takes place in the uterus of a pregnant female? (a) Uterine lining becomes thick and vascular (b) Placenta develops which links the embryo to mother through umbilical cord (c) Uterus lining containing lots of blood capillaries breaks down (d) Both (a) and (b) (v) Select the correct statement. (a) The average duration of human pregnancy is about nine months (b) The time period from fertilisation up to the birth of baby is called gestation (c) If doctor finds any anomaly in the developing fetus then he may terminate pregnancy at an early stage, known as abortion (d) All of these

X, Y and Z are three sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). X and Z are caused by bacteria whereas Y is caused by virus P. Virus P lowers the immunity of a person and leads to an incurable disease. X starts as painless sores on genitals rectum or mouth. Z causes painful urination and abnormal discharge from genitals. (i) Select the option that correctly identifies disease X, Y and Z?

(ii) Identify virus P from the given paragraph. (a) Human papilloma virus (b) Human adenovirus (c) Human immunodeficiency virus (d) Human cytomegalovirus (iii) What are the symptoms of disease Y? (a) Weight loss (b) Fever or night sweats (c) Fatigue and weakness infections (d) All of these (iv) Select the incorrect statement regarding diseases X and Y. (a) Both X and Y can spread from infected mother to unborn baby during pregnancy (b) Both X and Y can spread from infected partner to healthy partner by unprotected sex (c) Y can also spread through use of contaminated needles and blood transfusion (d) None of these. (v) How can disease Y be prevented? (a) By following polygamy and having protected sex (b) Use of sterilised needles for injecting medicines, blood tests, etc (c) Collecting blood from unknown donors without background check by blood bank professionals (d) All of these.

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How do organisms reproduce case study questions with answer key answer keys.

(i) (d): According to the given passage, organisms X and Y reproduce by binary fission and budding respectively. Amoeba, Paramecium and Leishmania reproduce by binary fission whereas Hydra, Sycon and yeast reproduce by budding. (ii) (c): Both organisms X and Y are reproducing asexually i.e., by binary fission and budding respectively.Unicellular organisms can undergo binary fission whereas both unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (Hydra) organisms reproduce by budding. (iii) (b) (iv) (d): Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission. Multicellular plants do not reproduce through binary fission. (v) (c): Euglena reproduces by longitudinal binary fission.

(i) (b): The tiny spores of bread mould (Rhizopus) are always present in air. On coming in contact with moist surface of bread slice they settle on it and germinate to form new fungal hyphae which first look like white cottony mass and later turns black. (ii) (a): Mucor (fungus) reproduces asexually through spore formation. (iii) (d) (iv) (c) : Bacteria produce endospore which is a dormant and tough structure that enables bacteria to remain dormant for extended periods under unfavorable conditions. (v) (d)

(i) (a): Spirogyra is a green filamentous alga that is found in huge numbers in ponds and lakes. (ii) (a): When mature Spirogyra breaks into two or more pieces, then each fragment develops into an individual. (iii) (b) (iv) (a): Only multicellular organisms having simple body organisation can undergo fragmentation. It is asexual mode of reproduction. (v) (c)

(i) (d): Bryophyllum propagates vegetatively though buds present on the margins of its leaves. (ii) (b): Begonia propagates vegetatively through its leaves. (iii) (b): If a broken piece of stem of Bryophyllum is planted in soil, it develops into a new Bryophyllum plant. (iv) (c): Rose plants are artificially propagated by stem cuttings. A piece of stem having bud is cut and buried in soil. After few days it develops roots and later on grows into new rose plant. (v) (a)

(i) (a) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (iv) (a): Many plants like strawberry and raspberry are propagated by the natural layering methods because these plants have runners (soft horizontal stem running above the ground). Whereas the ends of such runners touch the ground new plants are formed. (v) (d)

(i) (c) :Grafting technique is not successful in monocot plants as they do not have cambia. (ii) (a): The cut stem of a plant having roots and is fixed in soil is called stock. The cut stem of another plant (without roots) is called scion. (iii) (d) (iv) (d) : In grafting, stock (root system) is always older than scion (shoot system). (v) (a): Grafting is used to breed fruit trees like apple, peach, apricot and pear.

(i) (b): Callus is shapeless, unorganised lump or mass of cells formed by rapid cell division. (ii) (c): The production of new plants from small piece of plant tissue (or cells) taken from growing tips of plants in a suitable growing medium is called tissue culture. (iii) (d) (iv) (c) : Plants produced by tissue culture are genetically identical to parent plant. (v) (a): Cells present in plant tip divide rapidly. Their division rate is higher than that of multiplication of viruses. So these cells remain virus free. These cells or tissue when used for micro propagation given rise to healthy plantlets. Hence, virus free plants can be produced from virus infected plants by tissue culture technique.

(i) (b): Plant Y is a dioecious plant with only male flowers. As such flowers lack carpel, fruit formation cannot take place in them. (ii) (c): X could be any monoecious bisexual plant,Y could be a dioecious male plant and Z could be a monoecious plant with separate male and female flowers. (iii) (d): Plants X and Z have both types of sex organs present in same flower and different flowers on the same plant respectively. Plant X can be self or cross pollinated. Plant Z could undergo geitonogamy (a type of self pollination) or cross pollination. (iv) (b): When all the four whorls of a flower are present, it is called complete flower. A bisexual flower is generally complete as it has sepals, petals, stamen and pistil. (v) (d): Fertilisation takes place inside ovary i.e., female reproductive organ which is present inside female flowers present in female plant.

(i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (b) : If anthers of flowers are removed then chances of self pollination become negligible. Cross pollens can be artificially dusted on stigmas of flower to affect cross pollination. (iv) (c) (v) (b) : Self pollination does not bring about genetic variations.

(i) (c): The sexual cycle in females is called menstruation or menstrual cycle. (ii) (b): The breakdown and removal of the inner, thick and soft lining of the uterus along with its vessels in the form of vaginal bleeding is called menstrual flow or menstruation. (iii) (d): Menstrual cycle in human females is about 28 days. (iv) (d) (v) (d)

(i) (d): In barrier methods of preventing pregnancy, the physical devices such as condom and diaphragm are used. Condoms are rubber tubes used by males whereas diaphragm are rubber cups used by females. (ii) (c): Physical barriers prevent the sperm from meeting the ovum by acting as a barrier between them. (iii) (d): Chemical methods of birth control include oral pills and vaginal pills. Oral pills are combination of estrogen and progesterone which prevent ovulation (release of egg during monthly cycle), so they prevent fertilisation. Vaginal pills are inserted in vagina before intercourse and release spermicides which kill sperms. (iv) (d) (v) (d)

(i) (b) : Intrauterine device is placed inside the uterus by a doctor or a trained nurse. Copper T is a common intra-uterine device. (ii) (b) iii) (c) (iv) (a): Intra-uterine devices are highly effective in preventing unwanted pregnancies. But they come with one disadvantage, that is they can get expelled anytime without the knowledge of women. Couple continue active sexual life thinking that their birth control device is still in action. (v) (d) : Intra-uterine devices do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Periods may become heavier, longer and more painful and there are chances of pelvic infection.

(i) (b) (ii) (b): X could be fish or amphibian whereas Y could be bird or reptile. Animals like fish or amphibian produce large number of eggs and sperms which fuse in external medium like water. Animals like birds or reptiles produce few eggs at a time. They lay fertilised eggs which are protected by outermost hard calcareous shell. (iii) (b): Development of zygote takes place outside the body of Y inside the laid egg whereas zygote develops into complete baby inside the body of female Z. (iv) (c): Cat, dog and human undergo internal fertilisation so their eggs are not covered by calcareous shell or jelly covering. (v) (a)

(i) (d) (ii) (b): First of all ovulation takes place. Then the eggs get fertilised by sperm. This leads to formation of zygote. Zygote divides to form few celled embryo which gets embedded at the proper site in the thick lining of uterus. This is called implantation. (iii) (c) : Zygote is formed by fusion of sperm and egg i.e., fertilisation. It is single celled and it gives rise to embryo by repeated cell divisions. (iv) (d): After implantation, a disc like tissue develops between thick uterine wall and embryo, called placenta. Placenta links the embryo to the mother through umbilical cord. All the requirements of the developing fetus like nutrition, respiration, excretion etc., are met from mother's body through placenta.This is because in placenta, embryo's blood vessels lie in close association with mother's blood vessels. (v) (d)

(i) (b) : X could be Syphilis, Y could be AIDS and Z could be gonorrhoea. (ii) (c): Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause immunodeficiency syndrome a condition characterised by progressive failure of immune system allowing life threatening conditions. (iii) (d) iv) (d) (v) (b): Sterilised needles are free from any kinds of germs.

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Case Study Chapter 8 How do the Organisms Reproduce

Please refer to Chapter 8 How do the Organisms Reproduce Case Study Questions with answers provided below. We have provided Case Study Questions for Class 10 Science for all chapters as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS examination guidelines. These case based questions are expected to come in your exams this year. Please practise these case study based Class 10 Science Questions and answers to get more marks in examinations.

Case Study Questions Chapter 8 How do the Organisms Reproduce

Case/Passage – 1

When the branches of a plant growing in the field are pulled towards the ground and a part of them is covered with moistsoil (leaving the tips of the branches exposed above the ground), then after sometime new roots develop from the parts of branches buried in the soil. On cutting these branches from the parent plant, new plants are produced from the cut parts of branches which had developed roots.

Question: Name any two plants which are grown for their flowers and propagated by this method.

Jasmine and China rose

Question: What type of branches should a plant have to be able to be propagated by this method?

Slender branches (Thin branches)

Question: What is this method of propagation of plants known as?

Layering

Question: Name one plant which gets propagated by this method naturally by forming runners (soft horizontal stems running above the ground)

LStrawberry

Question: Name any two plants which are grown for their fruits and propagated by this method.

Lemon and Guava

Case/Passage – 2

When an insect sits on the flower of a plant then some particles, present on the top of little stalks in the flower get stick to its body hair. When this insect now sits on the flower of another similar plant, then particles attached to the hair of insect are shifted to top of a flask-shaped organ at the centre of a flower. This particle grows a long tube B from the top of flask-shaped organ through which C moves down and reaches the bottom of the flask-shaped organ. Here C fuses with the nucleus of D, present in structure E. The fusion of C and D forms a new cell F which grows and develops into a seed of the plant.

Question: What are these particles? Name the process by which these particles are transfered from one flower to other flower of another similar plant.

These particles are known as pollen grains; cross pollination

Question: What is C which moves down through the tube B?

C is male gamete.pollen grains; cross pollination

Question: What is the name of tube B?

Pollen-tube

Question: What is F?

F is fertilised egg (zygote).

Question: Name D and E.

D is female gamete (ovum or egg); E is ovule

Case/Passage – 3

The male reproductive system consists of portions which produce the germ-cells and other portions that deliver the germ-cells to the site of fertilisation. The formation of germ-cells or sperms takes place in the testes. These are located outside the abdominal cavity in scrotum because sperm formation requires a lower temperature than the normal body temperature. We have discussed the role of the testes in the secretion of the hormone, testosterone, in the previous chapter. In addition to regulating the formation of sperms, testosterone brings about changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty. The sperms formed are delivered through the vas deferens which unites with a tube coming from the urinary bladder. The urethra thus forms a common passage for both the sperms and urine. Along the path of the vas deferens, glands like the prostate and the seminal vesicles add their secretions so that the sperms are now in a fluid which makes their transport easier and this fluid also provides nutrition. The sperms are tiny bodies that consist of mainly genetic material and a long tail that helps them to move towards the female germ-cell.

Question: The seminiferous tubules of the testes are lined by the germinal epithelium consisting of (a) sertoli cells (b) cells of germinal epithelium (c) cells of Leydig or interstitial cells (d) secondary spermatocytes

Question: The seminiferous tubules of the testes are lined by the germinal epithelium consisting of (a) spermatids (b) cells of Sertoli (c) spermatogonium (d) spermatocytes

Question: In man, Cryptorchidism is the condition when (a) testes do not descent into the scrotum (b) there are two testes in each scrotum (c) testis degenerates in the scrotum (d) testis enlarges in the scrotum

Question: Another name for Bulbourethral gland is (a) Meibomian gland (b) Prostate gland (c) Perineal gland (d) Cowper’s gland

Question: Which of these is an accessory reproductive gland in male mammals (a) Inguinal gland (b) Prostate gland (c) Mushroom-shaped gland (d) Gastric gland

Case/Passage – 4

The male reproductive system consist of portions which produce the germ-cells and other portions that deliver the germ-cells to the site of fertilisation. Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in scrotum because sperm formation requires a lower temperature than normal body temperature. It also has a role of secretion of male sex hormone which brings changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty. Vas deferens unites wih a tube coming from urinary bladder. Urethra is a common passage for sperms and urine. Prostate gland and seminal vesicles add their secretions so that sperms are now in fluid.

Question. Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in scrotum because (a) sperms formation requires higher temperature than body temperature (b) sperms formation requires lower temperature than body temperature (c) it is easier to transport sperms from the scrotum (d) None of these

Question. Which of the following statement is incorrect? (a) Sperms and urine has a common passage from urethra. (b) Sperms have long tail that helps them to move forward. (c) Sperms contain genetic material. (d) Sperms formation requires 1–3°C higher temperature than normal body temperature.

Question. What is the nature of semen? (a) slightly acidic (b) Neutral (c) Slightly basic (d) Strongly basic

Question. Name the sex hormone associated with males. (a) Testosterone (b) Progesterone (c) Oestrogen (d) None of these

Question. Which of the following statements is incorrect ? (a) Sperms are present in a fluid (b) Fluid provides nutrition to sperms (c) Fluid makes easier transportation of sperms (d) Fluid helps to bind the sperms together

Case/Passage – 5

Study the table related to sex ratio of females/1000 males in different states and answer the questions that follow:

Question. Which test is responsible for female foeticide? (a) UV-Spectroscopy (b) Ultrasound (c) MRI (d) X-Ray

Question. Which state of India has lowest sex ratio in 2013-15? (a) Punjab (b) Odisha (c) Haryana (d) Delhi

Question. Which of the following state improves sex ratio in 2013-15 from 2012-14? (a) Delhi (b) Karnataka (c) Bihar (d) Kerala

Question. Name the state which has males to female ratio to maximum extent in 2013-15. (a) Haryana (b) Kerala (c) West Bengal (d) Uttar Pradesh

Question. What is major cause of less females than males in India? (a) Male Foeticide (b) Female Foeticide (c) Natural (d) None of these

Class 10 Science How Do The Organism… Exam Questions

Question. List four categories of contraceptive methods. State in brief two advantages of adopting such preventive methods. Answer : Four categories of contraceptive methods are: a. Barrier method (Condoms) b. Surgical method (Vasectomy in males and Tubectomy in females) c. Withdrawal method d. Calendar method e. Hormonal method f. IUCD/Copper-T/Loop (any four) Two advantages: a. Helps in maintaining health of women. b. Helps in preventing STDs especially AIDS. c. Helps in birth control.

Question. List any two modes of asexual reproduction. Under which mode of reproduction is vegetative propagation placed and why? List two advantages of vegetative propagation. Answer : Two modes of asexual reproduction are fission Regeneration Vegetative propagation is placed under asexual reproduction as reproduction happens from any part of a plant. It may be either leaf, shoot or root. Advantages are: a. The plants bear flowers and fruits earlier than those propagated sexually. b. Plants have lost capacity to form seeds hence they are propagated vegetatively.

Question. Study the diagram given below: (Image 94) a. Identify the process. b. Which organism uses the above method of reproduction? c. How is the above method different from the process of fragmentation? or In context of reproduction of species, state the main difference between fission and fragmentation. Also give one example of each. Answer : a. Binary fission. b. Amoeba. c. Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms only. In fragmentation the body of a simple multicellular organism breaks down into many ‘fragments’. All cells undergo division and the organism develops from each fragment.

Question. a. Identify the asexual method of reproduction in each of the following organisms: (i) Rose (ii) Yeast (iii) Planaria b. What is fragmentation? Name a multicellular organism which reproduces by this method. Answer : a. (i) Vegetative propagation by stem. (ii) Budding (iii) Regeneration b. Fragmentation is a asexual method of reproduction in which an organism simply breaks up into smaller pieces/ fragments upon maturation. These pieces or fragments grow into new individuals. Spirogyra is the multicellular organism with relatively simple body organisation which reproduces through this simple method of reproduction, i.e., fragmentation.

Question. a. Give one example each of sexually transmitted diseases in each of following cases (i) Bacterial infections (ii) Viral infections b. How can spread of these diseases be prevented? or Name one sexually transmitted disease each caused due to bacterial infection and viral infection. How can they be prevented? Answer : a. Bacterial infections: Syphilis, Gonorrhoea. Viral infections: Warts, AIDS, Hepatitis B, Herpes. b. Spread of these diseases can be prevented by using physical barrier, avoiding sex with multiple partners.

Question. DNA content has the tendency to double itself during sexual reproduction due to combining of the genetic materials from the two parents. How the problem of DNA doubling can be solved to maintain the consistency of the genetic material throughout the species? or “The chromosome number of the sexually reproducing parents and their offsprings is the same”. Justify the statement. Answer : DNA doubling is always followed by cell division. Due to this special cell division, gametes form with half the content of DNA and single set of chromosomes. These gamete fuse to form zygote on fertilization. Thus the characteristic number of chromosome and the normal DNA content for a cell is regained. Thus the consistency of the genetic material throughout the species is maintained and for the same reason the chromosome number of the sexually reproducing parents and their offsprings is the same.

Question. Explain the structure of the female reproductive system of humans. Answer : Female Reproductive System consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. a. Ovaries are located inside the abdominal cavity, near the kidney. It performs two functions: • Produce female germ – cells/eggs. Every month one egg is produced • Secrete hormones like Estrogens which stimulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. b. Fallopian Tubes carry the egg from ovary to the womb; egg gets fertilized in the oviducts only if it meets a sperm. c. Uterus is a elastic bag like structure. The fertilized egg, the zygote gets implanted in the fining of uterus and develops into an embiyo. d. Vagina (Birth Canal) receives the sperms as well as child is borne through it.

Question. Give the functions of the following in the process of reproduction: a. Pollen tube. b. ovary, c. Stigma. Answer : a. Pollen tube carries male gamete from stigma to ovule. b. Ovary has ovule and forms fruit to protect and dispersal of seeds c. Stigma receives pollen during pollination.

Question. Justify the following statements: a. Variation is beneficial for the species over a period of time. b. New offsprings produced are similar to their parents but not identical. c. Binary fission is different in Amoeba and Leishmania. Answer : a. Variations help a population in the process of natural selection and accumulation of adaptations in a population. It leads to evolution of a species. b. Offspring, especially when produced sexually, have minor differences or variations among themselves hence they may not look identical. By virtue of them being from same species they look similar. c. Binary fission in Amoeba is in any plane but in Leishmania it is in a fixed plane.

Question. a. Give the functions of: (i) Stigma (ii) Ovary b. State in brief the formation of seed in a flower. Answer : a. (i) The sticky terminal part of the carpel is called stigma. It receives pollen. (ii) The swollen bottom part of the carpel is called ovary. It contains female germ cells which form seed after fertilization. b. After fertilization, the zygote divides several times to form an embryo within the ovule. The ovule develops a tough coat and is gradually converted into a seed.

Question. In the diagram of human male reproductive system given below:

a. Label parts A and B. b. Name the hormone produced by organ “X’. What is the role of this hormone in human male? c. Mention the name of substances that are transported by tubes (i) C and (ii) D. Answer : a. A – seminal vesicle, B – prostate gland. b. Testosterone: It controls gamete formation/ secondary sex organs/ accessory glands. c. C – sperms, D – sperms/semen and urine.

Question. What happens when: a. APlanaria is cut into three different pieces, b. Leaf of the Bryophyllum with notches fall on the soil. c. Testosterone is released in the male reproductive system. Answer : a. Three new Planaria will form due to regeneration. b. New plantlets will form from these buds helping the plant to propagate vegetatively. c. The male shows masculine features and attains fertility. Sperm starts forming in testis.

Question. What is vegetative propagation? List two advantages and two disadvantages of vegetative propagation. Answer : Method of producing new plants from vegetative parts like roots, stem and leaves is called vegetative propagation. Advantages are: a. The plants bear flowers and fruits earlier than those propagated sexually. b. Plants have lost capacity to form seeds hence they are propagated vegetatively. Disadvantages are: a. Such plants are genetically similar to parent plants and are vulnerable to infections and diseases. b. They do not have variations therefore do not adapt well to changing environment, the plant species does not evolve.

Question. List three techniques to prevent pregnancy. Which of them is not meant for males? How does the use of such techniques have an impact on health and prosperity of a family? or List any four methods of contraception used by humans. How does their use have a direct effect on the health and prosperity of a family? Answer : Three techniques to prevent pregnancy: a. Mechanical barrier — male or female. b. Taking oral pills/i-pill/saheli – changing the hormonal balance of the body so that eggs are not released. c. Use of the loop or the Copper-T. d. Surgical method – tubectomy / vasectomy Use of hormonal preparations is not meant for males. Effect on Health and Prosperity: a. Health of women is maintained b. Parents can give more attention to children c. More resources can be made available.

Question. What is the effect of DNA copying, which is not perfectly ccurate, on the reproduction process? How does the amount of DNA remain constant though each new generation is a combination of DNA copies of two individuals? Answer : a. DNA copying leads to more variations in the offspring. b. Sexually reproducing organisms have special lineage of cells which have only half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. c. When such germ cells fused, a new individual is formed with the same amount of DNA as that of parent.

Question. Differentiate between the following: a. Placenta and uterus b. Unisexual and bisexual flowers c. Fertilization and germination Answer : a. Placenta and uterus : The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with the help of a special tissue called placenta. After fertilization, embryo gets attached to the walls of uterus. b. Unisexual flowers contain either stamens or carpels. Bisexual flowers contain both stamens and carpels. c. Fertilization and germination : The fusion of male gamete with female gamete leading to the formation of zygote is known as fertilization. The growth of embryo (present in the seed) into seedling under appropriate conditions is known as germination.

Question. A part of the male reproductive system is shown below. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

a. Two part have been incorrectly labelled. Identify them. b. Give the function of urethra. c. Which hormone is released by testis? Answer : a. Testis, penis. b. Urethra serves as a common passage for both sperms and urine. c. Testosterone.

Question. List six specific characteristics of sexual reproduction. Answer : C haracteristics of sexual reproduction: a. Two parents are involved. b. Two dissimilar gametes are formed by meiosis. c. Variations are produced. d. Occurs in all the higher and some of the lower organisms. e. Fertilization / fusion of gametes leading to zygote formation.

Question. List four points of significance of reproductive health in a society. Name any two areas related to reproductive health which have improved over the past 50 years in our country. Answer : Significance: a. Prevent STDs. b. Advantage of small family. c. Less mortality among new-borns. d. Reduces the cases of maternal mortality. Areas which have improved: a. Family Planning. b. Decrease in STD cases.

Question. Mention one function each of the following parts with respect to the female reproductive system: a. Vagina b. Ovary Answer : a. The uterus open into vagina through the cervix. The sperms enter through the vaginal passage during sexual intercourse. b. One egg (female gamete) is produced every month by one of the ovaries.

Question. List and explain in brief three methods of contraception. or List any four methods of contraception. How are they helpful to young couples? Answer : Four methods of contraception: a. Condoms b. Copper-T c. Diaphragm d. Oral pills All these help in family planning as it helps in keeping gap between two children. They help in proper utilization of family resources.

Question. Write scientific name for malarial parasite. How is fission in amoeba different from that of malarial parasite? Answer : a. Plasmodium, b. Fission in amoeba produces two daughter cells – binary fission. Fission in Plasmodium produce many daughter cells – multiple fission,

Question. a. Give the functions of the following: 1. Pollen tube 2. Ovary b. List any two changes observed in the body of a female during puberty. Answer : a. (i) Transfer of male gamete. (ii) Production of female gamete. b. (i) Growth of mammary glands. (ii) Onset of menstrual cycle.

Question. What is meant by DNA copying? Mention its importance in reproduction. Answer : Cells use chemical reactions to build copies of their DNA. This creates two copies of the DNA in a reproducing cell. DNA copying is accompanied by the creation of an additional cellular apparatus to facilitate the DNA copies to separate with its own cellular apparatus. DNA copying gives rise to some inbuilt tendency for variation during reproduction which is the basis for evolution.

Question. a. What are sexually transmitted diseases? Name any one which is caused by bacteria and one caused by viral infection. b. Mention any two methods to avoid such diseases. Answer : a. Diseases that spread through the sexual contact are called sexually transmitted diseases. (i) Gonorrhoea or syphilis is caused by bacteria. (ii) Warts, HTV, AIDS is caused by virus. b. (i) Use of condoms on penis.

(ii) Use covering on vagina.

Question. a. How do organisms reproduced by fission? b. Write names of any two organisms which reproduce by this method. c. Differentiate between the fission of Leishmania and Plasmodium. Answer : a. Cell division takes place which leads to creation of new individuals. b. Bacteria, Protozoa. c. Leishmania — binary fission occurs in a definite orientation. Plasmodium — undergoes multiple fission,

Question. Give reasons: a. Wind acts as a pollinating agent. b. Variation is essential and beneficial to a species. c. Use of condoms prevents pregnancy. Answer : a. Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma. b. Helps in evolution and survival. c. Prevents fertilization – Barrier method.

Question. What are secondary sexual characters in humans? Name one such character of male and female. Answer : The characters which distinguish a male from female are called secondary sexual characters. Secondary sexual characters of male are moustache, beard, thick growth of hair on body, strong muscles and harsh voice. Secondary sexual characters of female are less hair on body, broad hips, development of breasts and soft voice.

Question. Name and explain the method by which Rhizopus reproduces. Answer : Rhizopus reproduces by spore formation. Method: It is a method of asexual reproduction.

Spores are produced in a structure called sporangium.

Long Answer Questions

Question. Name the type of asexual reproduction demonstrated by the following organisms: a. Amoeba b. Rhizopus c. Planaria d. Plasmodium e. Bryophyllum Answer : a. Binary fission b. Spore formation c. Fragmentation d. Multiple fission e. Vegetative propagation

Question. Answer the following: a. How is zygote formed? b. State the function of placenta in the mother’s body. c. At what interval the egg is formed in human female ovary? d. Name two STDs caused by bacterial infection. e. Why is prenatal sex determination prohibited? Answer : a. Zygote is formed by the fusion of male and female gamete. b. Placenta is a special tissue through which the developing embryo/foetus gets nutrition from mother’s blood. It also transports wastes of the embryo into mother’s blood. c. Ovulation releases mature ovum from ‘ the ovary. It happens once during a menstrual cycle that is for roughly 28 days. d. STDs caused by bacterial infection are Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. e. Prenatal sex determination is misused and it may be the reason for female foeticide.

Question. How does vegetative propagation occur in nature? Explain with four different examples. Answer : There are many plants in which parts like the root, stem and leaves develop into new plants under appropriate conditions. This is called as vegetative propagation. Examples of vegetative propagation: a. Adventitious buds: In Bryophyllum, adventitious buds grow in the notches along the leaf margin, which when fall on the soil, develop into new plants. b. Cutting: A piece of stem, root, leaf or even a bulb scale is placed partly under moist soil which grows into a new plant, e.g., rose. c. Layering: A part of the stem is pulled out and buried in the soil. The layered stem grows into a new plant, e.g., Pudina. d. Grafting: In grafting, two parts from two different plants are joined together so that they can unite and grow into a new plant, e.g., sugarcane.

Question. a. (i) Write full form of DNA. (ii) State the role of DNA in the cell nucleus, (iii) What will be the after effect if the information of the DNA is changed. b. Explain the importance of DNA copying in reproduction. Answer : a. (i) Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid. (ii) Informational source for making proteins. (iii) Proteins will be changed. b. Its only due to DNA copying that body designs are similar because DNA cell nucleus carries information for making proteins if DNA copying will not take place then body design will change.

Question. a. Identify A,B,C and D in the given diagram and write their names.

b. What is pollination? Explain its significance. c. Explain the process of fertilization in flowers. Name the parts of flower that develop after fertilization into (i) seed (ii) fruit Answer : a. A – pollen grain; B – stigma; C – Pollen tube, D – Female germ cell/Egg cell. b. Pollination – Transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a flower. Significance of pollination – Process of pollination leads to fertilization as it brings the male and female gametes together for fusion. c. After a pollen falls on a suitable stigma, the pollen tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style to reach the ovule in the ovary. Here the male germ cell (carried by the pollen tube) fuses with the female germ cell to form a zygote.

Question. Define the following processes: a. Fertilization b. Menstruation c. Binary fission d. Vegetative propagation e. Regeneration Answer : a. The fusion of male gamete with female gamete is known as fertilization. b. Menstruation cycle takes place every month when egg is not fertilized. It lasts for about two to eight days and during this cycle the lining of uterus slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina as blood and mucus. c. Binary fission is the splitting of nucleus into two daughter cells which can take place in any plane. It can be observed in Amoeba. d. When vegetative part of a plant like the root, stem or leaves develops into new plant under appropriate conditions, it is known as vegetative propagation. e. When body of an organism cuts into any number of pieces and each piece grows into a complete organism. This is known as regeneration. Hydra and Planaria reproduce through this process.

Question. a. Write the function of following parts in human female reproductive system: (i) Ovary (ii) Oviduct (iii) Uterus b. Describe in brief the structure and function of placenta. or Write the functions of the following in human female reproductive system: Ovary, oviduct, uterus How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body? Explain in brief. Answer : a. Functions of Ovary, oviduct, uterus Functions of Ovary (i) Production of female hormone, oestrogen and progesterone. (ii) Production of female gamete / egg /germ cell. Functions of Oviduct: (i) Transfer of female gamete from the ovary. (ii) Site of fertilization. Functions of Uterus: (i) Implantation of Zygote/ embryo. (ii) Nourishment of developing embryo. b. Placenta is a special disc like tissue embedded in the mother’s uterine wall and connected to the foetus / embryo. Placenta provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen/nutrients to pass from the mother’s blood to the embryo/ foetus.

Question. Differentiate between: a. Pollen tube and Style b. Fission of Amoeba and Plasmodium c. Fragmentation and regeneration d. Bud of Hydra and bud of Bryophyllum e. Vegetative propagation and spore formation. Answer : a. Pollen tube forms and male gametes are carried by it to the ovule. Style is part of female part- carpel through which pollen tube passes. b. Amoeba shows binary fission where one cell splits into two equal halves. Plasmodium (malarial parasite) shows multiple fission where one cell divides into many daughter cells simultaneously. c. Fragmentation occurs in multi-cellular organisms with simple body organisation like Spirogyra (a filamentous alga). It involves breaking up of a filament into many fragments and each fragment growing into new individual. Regeneration is the ability to give rise to new individuals from the body parts of the parent individual, e.g., Hydra and Planaria, if their bodies get broken into many pieces, each piece is capable of regrowing into a complete individual. d. In Hydra, a bud is formed at a specific site by repeated cell division and develops into a tiny hydra. In Bryophyllum, vegetative buds arise from the notches of its leaves and develops into a new plantlet. e. Vegetative Propagation is the development of new plants from parts like root, leaf and stem under suitable conditions, e.g., Bryophyllum vegetative buds arise from the notches of its leaves. In potato, ginger, garlic etc. it occurs through stems. Spore formation: A spore is a special cell protected by thick coating. It is capable of germinating into a new plant when comes in contact with suitable and environment conditions and moist surface, e.g., in Rhizopus (bread mould), they are formed inside reproductive, bob¬like sacs called sporangia.

Question. What happens when a. Testosterone is released in the male reproductive system. b. Pollen grain falls on the stigma of flower. c. Egg fuses with the sperm cell. d. A Planaria is cut into three different pieces. e. Buds are formed on the notches of leaf of the Bryophyllum. Answer : a. The male shows masculine features and attains fertility/ sperm starts forming in testis. b. Pollen tube forms and male gametes are carried by it to the ovule. c. Fertilization occurs and a zygote forms. d. Three new Planaria will form due to regeneration. e. New plantlets will form from these buds helping the plant to propagate vegetatively.

Question. Explain what happens when: a. Testosterone is released in males. b. Pollen grain falls on the stigma of the flower. c. Egg fuses with sperm cell. d. Planaria is cut into many pieces. e. Buds are formed on the notches of the Bryophyllum leaf. Answer : a. (i) Formation of sperms, change in appearance. (ii) Thick hair growth on the face and voice begin to crack. b. A tube grows out of the pollen grain and travel through the style to reach the ovary. c. Zygote is formed (fertilization). d. Each piece grows into a complete organism. e. Buds may fall on the soil and develop into new plants.

Question. a. Identify the organisms A, B and the mode of asexual reproduction exhibited by them.

b. How will an organism be benefitted if it reproduces through spores? c. Mention the two asexual methods by which hydra can reproduce. Explain briefly any one such method. Answer : a. (i) Bryophyllum – vegetative propagation. (ii) Plasmodium – multiple fission. b. Spores are covered with thick walls that protect them until they come into contact with a moist surface. c. Budding and Regeneration. Budding : A bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at a specific site, these buds develop into tiny individuals, mature and detach from the parent to become new individuals. Regeneration: Specialized cells divide to form large number of cells and undergo changes to become various cell types and tissues.

Question. a. Identify the organisms in figure A, B, C and D.

b. Identify the life process commonly shown in all the figures, c. How is this life process .advantageous to the organisms? Mention any two advantages. Answer : a. (A) Hydra (B) Rhizopus (C) Bryophyllum (D) Planaria b. Asexual mode of reproduction c. (i) Only one individual is required. (ii) Progeny is identical like parents (iii) Produced in large number (Any two)

Question. a. Draw a diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower and label on it sepals, petal, ovary and stigma. b. Write the names of male and female parts of a flower. Answer :

b. Male Part : Stamen; Female Part : Carpel/pistil

Question. a. List two reasons for the appearance of variations among the progeny formed by sexual reproduction.

b. (i) Name the part marked A in the diagram. (ii) How does “A” reaches part B? (iii) State the importance of , the part C. (iv) What happens to the part marked D after fertilization is over? Answer : a. Sexual reproduction confers new characteristics on the offspring due to genetic recombination occurring during gamete formation in the sex organs. Moreover it involves union of two gametes coming from two parents which different genetic combination. Thus it ensures more diversity in characteristics. b. (i) Pollen (ii) Pollination (iii) Pollen tube carries male gametes to the ovule in ovary. (iv) Ovule turns into seeds.

Question. Identify the following methods and giving one example of each: a. Process in which reproduction takes place by breaking up of parent into fragments. b. Process of dividing of organisms into many cells simultaneously. c. Process of reproduction by formation of bud on parent body. d. Process of reproduction by formation of spores. e. Process used by multicellular organisms to reproduce by cutting into many pieces each piece forms a new individual. Answer : a. Fragmentation, Spirogyra b. Multiple fission, Plasmodium c. Budding, Hydra d. Spore formation, Rhizopus e. Regeneration, Planaria.

Question. a. Draw a sectional view of human female reproductive system and label the part where: (i) Eggs develop (ii) Fertilization takes place (iii) Fertilized eggs get implanted. b. Describe in brief, the changes the uterus undergoes: (i) To receive the zygote (ii) If zygote is not formed. Answer : a.

(i) Ovary (ii) Oviduct or fallopian tube (iii) Uterus or uterus wall b. (i) It becomes thicker due to development of blood vessels and glands in it. (ii) It gets peeled and shed off along with mucus, blood, dead ovum during menstruation

Question. List five distinguishing features between sexual and asexual types of reproductions in tabular form. Answer :

Question. a. Name the human male reproductive organ that produces sperms and also secretes a hormone. Write the functions of the secreted hormone. b. Name the parts of the human female reproductive system where (i) Fertilization takes place, (ii) Implantation of the fertilized egg occurs. Explain how the embryo gets nourishment inside the mother’s body. Answer : a Testis – secrete male hormone – testosterone. Functions : (i) Formation of sperms, (ii) Development of secondary sexual characters. b. (i) fallopian tube/oviduct. (ii) uterus.

Placenta is a special disc like tissue embedded in the mother’s uterine wall and connected to the foetus/embryo. Placenta provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen/ nutrients to pass from the mother’s blood to the embryo/ foetus.

Case Study Chapter 8 How do the Organisms Reproduce

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Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Case Based Questions - How Do Organisms Reproduce

Case study - 1.

Q1: What are the different methods to prevent pregnancy? Ans: Uses of contraceptive such as condoms, pills, copper -T and surgical methods. Q2: What are the surgical methods to prevent pregnancy? Ans: Tubectomy in females and vasecotomy in males. Q3: Why the female sex ratio is declining day by day? Ans: Due to female foeticides by doing illegal sex selective abortion of female foetuses. Q4: Which contraceptive methods have large side effects? Ans: Oral pills and by changing the hormonal balance leads to high side effect. Q5: Why should one have the knowledge about sexual act and the disease causing by it? Ans: To stay healthy and free free from sexually transmitted disease one should be aware of the disease cause by bacteria and viruses such as gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV- AIDS.

Case Study - 2

Q1: What is the importance of variation? Ans: Variation is important for the survival of species over time. Variation make the species resistant to the changing environment and hence, it make easy for their survival. Q2: Which mode of reproduction does not show much variation? Ans: Generally, asexual reproduction show less variation which includes budding, fragmentation, fission etc. Q3: What are the different modes of reproduction of single celled organism? Ans: Fission, fragmentation, Budding and regeneration. Q4: What are the features of sexual reproduction? Ans: It includes both the parents to produce offsprings and DNA copy is a crucial part of it. Q5: Which mode of reproduction is better and why? Ans: Sexual reproduction is better than asexual reproduction as the chances of survival of the species is higher in sexual reproduction.

Case Study - 3

Q1: What are the advantages of vegetative propagation? Ans: All plants that are produced by such method are genetically similar to their parent and have all its characteristics. easy, less expensive and a fast method. Q2: Give a example of vegetative propagation through buds? Ans: Bryophyllum Q3: What is tissue culture? Ans: New plants are grown first in suitable artificial medium and then placing it in the soil to grow into mature plants. Q4: What is grafting? Ans: New plants are grown by joining a scion(upper portion of plant) to a stock of other plants in such a manner that they get united to each other. Example: Roses Q5: What are the examples of layering? Ans: Jasmine or Grapevine.

Case Study - 4

Q1: What is the male reproductive parts of flower? Ans: Stamen is the male reproductive part of flower and it consist of anther and filament. Q2: What are the different part of pistil? Ans: Stigma, style and ovary. Q3: What is pollination? Ans: The transfer of pollen grains from the stamen to the stigma of flower is called pollination. Q4: Where does fertilization occur in flower? Ans: The fertilization takes place inside the ovule. Q5: What are the two types of pollination? Ans: Self pollination and cross pollination.

Case Study - 5

Q1: What is fertilization? Ans: The fusion of male gametes(sperms) and the female gametes(egg) to form zygote is called fertilization. Q2: Where does fertilization occur? Ans: Fertilization occur in the oviduct or Fallopian tube. Q3: What is placenta? Ans: It is an special tissue which provide nutrition from mother’s blood to developing embryo. Q4: What are the different parts of female reproductive system? Ans: Fallopian tube, ovary, uterus, vagina and cervix. Q5: What happens when egg is not fertilized? Ans: If the egg is not fertilized, the thick lining of uterus is not needed. So, it breaks slowly and comes out through vagina as blood and vagina, which is called as menstruation.

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CBSE Class 10 Biology How Do Organisms Reproduce Important Questions and Answers for 2023

Cbse class 10 biology how do organisms reproduce important questions and answers: a ll important questions from the chapter how do organisms reproduce in cbse class 10 science. the questions are of all varieties: multiple choice questions, assertion reason questions, case study questions, and all descriptive questions such as very short answer questions, short answer questions and long answer questions..

CBSE Class 10 Biology How Do Organisms Reproduce Important Questions: In this article, we will cover all important questions from the chapter How do Organisms Reproduce in CBSE Class 10 Science. The questions are of all varieties: Multiple choice questions, Assertion Reason questions, Case Study questions, and all descriptive questions such as Very Short answer Questions, Short answer questions and Long answer questions. The answers to these questions are also provided here. These important questions and answers prepared by the subject experts are provided here for candidates of CBSE Class 10 Science board exam 2022-23 to help them prepare effectively. By practising these questions along with the sample paper questions and textbook exercises, students will be able to master the topics in the chapter.

How Do Organisms Reproduce is the third chapter in the second unit World of Living. Earlier it was the eighth chapter in the syllabus. Since the syllabus was updated during the pandemic years, it is now Chapter 7.

Chapter 7 How do Organisms Reproduce covers the following topics: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health - need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

CBSE Class 10 Biology How Do Organisms Reproduce Important Questions

Multiple choice questions:.

Q.1. The two oviducts in a human female unite into an elastic bag like is known as

a. Vagina b. Uterus c. Fallopian tube d. Cervix

2. Where does fertilisation occur in human females?

a. Uterus b. Cervix c. Oviduct d. None of these

Vegetative propagation
Contraception
Increasing fertility
Avoiding miscarriage

4. Which is the portion on which grafting is done it provides the roots?

a. Stock b. Scion c. Both a and b d. None of these

5. When an animal is cut into pieces and each piece grows into a complex organism. What is the process?

a. Budding b. Fragmentation c. Spore formation d. Regeneration

6. Which among the following does not reproduce by spore formation:

(a) Penicillium fungus (b) Yeast fungus (c) Mucor fungus (d) Rhizopus fungus

7. What is the puberty age in human males?

a. 8-10 b. 10-12 c. 12-14 d. 14-16

8. Reason for the greater similarities among the off springs produced by asexual reproduction, is:

(i) Asexual reproduction involves only one parent

(ii) Asexual reproduction involves two parents

(iii) Asexual reproduction involves gametes

(iv) Asexual reproduction does not involve gametes

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (i) and (iii)

(d) (i) and (iv)

9. Fruits are formed from

a. Stamen b. Stigma c. Ovary d. Ovule

10. An organism capable of reproducing by two asexual reproduction methods one similar to the reproduction in yeast and the other similar to the reproduction in Planaria is:

ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS:

DIRECTION: Each of these questions contains an Assertion followed by Reason. Read them carefully and answer the question on the basis of following options. You have to select the one that best describes the two statements.

(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c)A is true but R is false.

Assertion: Unisexual flowers have separate male and female Organs.
Assertion: Condom is a safe contraceptive method to prevent pregnancy
Assertion: Testes lie outside the body.
Assertion: Spores are unicellular bodies.
Assertion: Ovary is not an organ in the female reproductive system.
Assertion: Surgical methods are most effective methods of contraception.
Assertion: Fertilisation will not occur in the absence of pollination.
Assertion(A) : Asexual reproduction is a primitive type of reproduction.
Assertion: Sexual reproduction involves two parents of different sexes, a male and a female
Assertion: In internal fertilization male and female gametes fuse inside the female body
Assertion: The size of human population is a cause for concern for many people .
Assertion: Urethra in human male acts as urino-genital canal.
Assertion(A) : The offspring produced by sexual reproduction is likely to adjust better in environmental fluctuation.
Assertion : Ovary lies at the lower part of the stamen.
Assertion: Warts is a sexually transmitted disease.

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS:

1 Germination starts with the rapid intake of water by the seed through its micropyle. The first visible indication of germination is the swelling of the seed with a resultant increase in weight. It is also accompanied by the softening of the seed coat. Absorption of water causes a number of physiological changes in the seed. Germinating seeds exhibit increased respiratory activity. The embryo produces enzymes which convert the food materials stored in the cotyledons into soluble form usable by the growing embryo. Once the food is made available, cell division activity starts in the growing embryo. The growth of the embryonic tissue ruptures the seed coat.

(i) Which of the following is not connected with the germination of seed.

(a) It swells

(b) The seed coat softened

(d) It exhibits respiration

(ii) Which among the following are true

(i) Radicle develops into root

(ii) Radicle develops into shoot

(iii) Plumule develops into root

(iii) Plumule develops into shoot

(d) (ii) and (iv)

(iii) Which of the following is a part of seed.

(b) Radicle

(d) All of the above

(iv) The condition needed for the germination of the seed

(a) Moisture

(b) Temperature

(d) None of the above

2 The growing size of the human population is a cause of concern for all people. The rate of birth and death in a given population will determine its size. Reproduction is the process by which organisms increase their population. The process of sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual and takes place while general body growth is still going on. Some degree of sexual maturation does not n ecessarily mean that the mind or body is ready for sexual acts or for having and bringing up children. Various contraceptive devices are being used by human beings to control the size of population.

1) What should be maintained for healthy society?

a) Rate of birth and death rate

b) Male and female sex ratio

c) Child sex ratio

d) None of these

2) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal balance of the body?

b) Diaphragms

c) Oral pills

d) Both a) and b)

3) Common sign of sexual maturation in girls is

a) Low pitch voice

b) Appearance of moustache and beard

c) Development of mammary glands

d) Broadening of shoulders

4) What are common signs of sexual maturation in boys?

a) Broadening of shoulders

b) Development of mammary glands

c) Broadening of waist

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS:

1) Newly formed DNA copies may not be identical at times. Give one reason.

2) Where is the zygote located in the flower after fertilization?

3) How does Plasmodium reproduce? Is this method sexual or asexual?

4) Name the part of Bryophyllum where the buds are produced for vegetative propagation.

5) Name the method by which Spirogyra reproduces under favourable conditions. Is this method sexual or asexual?

6) Name the causative agent of the disease “kala- azar” and its mode of asexual reproduction

7) In a bisexual flower in spite of the young stamens removed artificially, the flower produces fruit. Provide a suitable explanation for the above situation.

8) Define vegetative propagation.

9) Name two sex hormones.

10) What are the agents of pollination?

11) Define the terms unisexual and bisexual giving one example of each.

12) What are the limitations of the asexual mode of reproduction? Differentiate between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

13) Explain how human embryo get nourished in mother body?

14) How do Plasmodium and Leishmania reproduce? Write one difference in their mode of reproduction.

15) Name the female reproductive part of a flower. Which part of a flower develops into a seed and a fruit? Where are the male germ cell and female gamete present in the flower?

16.) Name the male and female gametes in animals. What is fertilisation and where does it take place in human females?

17) Name an organism which reproduces by spore formation. List three conditions favourable for spores to germinate and grow.

18) What is the importance of variation in the survival of individuals?

19) Name and explain any three methods of contraception?

20) List the advantages of vegetative propagation

21) Explain various steps of budding in yeast.

22) Draw a human male reproductive system of a human and label the parts. Mention the function of vas deferens and ureter?

23) Define reproduction. How does it help in providing stability to the population of species?

a) We can develop new plants from the leaves of Bryophyllum. Comment.
b) List two advantages of vegetative propagation over other modes of reproduction.

25) Draw a diagram showing germination of pollen on the stigma of a flower.

26) Draw a human female reproductive system of a human and label the parts.

By going through the important topics of Chapter 7 How Do Organisms Reproduce students will get a good idea of the topics from where the questions are expected and the types of questions to be asked in the CBSE Class 10 Science board exam paper.

To get the CBSE Class 10 Science Sample Question Paper and Marking Scheme, click below:

CBSE Class 10 Science Sample Question Paper and Marking Scheme

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce? 2024-25

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Study Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce

Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. In vegetative reproduction, the new individuals are genetically –

None of these

Ans: a) Similar

2. When an organism breaks into a number of parts and each part develop into an individual, it is called –

Binary fission

Regeneration

Spore formation

Ans: c) Regeneration

3. In Female, fertilization of ovum takes place in

Fallopian tubes

Ans: d) Fallopian tubes

4. Define parthenogenesis.

Ans: Parthenogenesis is the process of development of an organism from an unfertilized egg.

5. How many male gametes are produced by pollen grains?

Ans: Two gametes are produced by pollen grains.

6. During grafting, the portion of plant that is grafted is called –

Ans: b) Scion

7. Which part of the flower forms the fruit?

Whole flower

Only stamens and carpel

Only carpel

Ans: c) Only ovary

8. Anemophily is the pollination by –

Ans: d) Wind

9. What is syngamy?

Ans: Fusion of male gamete with the egg cell is called syngamy.

10. Name the structure through which pollen tubes enter the ovule.

Ans: Pollen tubes enter the ovule through stigma.

11. A common feature of reproduction in Amoeba, spirogyra and yeast is that –

Asexual reproduction occurs after sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction occurs before sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction does not involve gametes

Asexual reproduction involves only one parent

Ans: d) Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.

12. The normal duration of menstrual cycle is

13 – 15 days

Ans: d) 28 days

13. Which of the following is an IUCD?

Ans: a) Copper – T

14. What is parturition?

Ans: Parturition is the process of birth of a fully developed fetus in completion of gestation.

15. What is puberty?

Ans: Puberty is the process of physical changes when the reproductive system is functionally active or starts producing ova or sperm.

16. Fertilization in plants occurs in the –

Pollen tube

Ans: a) Embryo sac

17. Characters that are transmitted from parents to offspring during reproduction show

Only similarities with parents

Only variations with parents

Neither similarities nor variations

Both similarities and variations with parents

Ans: d) Both similarities and variations with parents

18. Which among the following diseases is not sexually transmitted?

Ans: d) Hepatitis

19. What is tubectomy?

Ans: Tubectomy is the permanent method of contraception in women by removal of a section of fallopian tube.

20. Name the causative organism of AIDS?

Ans: The causative organism of AIDS is HIV – Human Immunodeficiency virus.

21. A common feature of reproduction in Amoeba, spirogyra and yeast is that –

They reproduce only sexually

They are all unicellular

They reproduce asexually

They are all multicellular

Ans: c) They reproduce asexually

22. Which of this is seminal fluid?

Prostate gland

Cowper’s gland

Seminal vesicle

All of these

Ans: c) Seminal vesicle

23. At the time of entering into ovule, pollen tube has

Three male nuclei

Two male nuclei

One gamete nucleus

Four male gametes

Ans: b) Two male nuclei

24. How many follicles mature every month during the reproductive phase of human females?

Ans: One egg is produced every month during the reproductive phase by one of the ovaries.

25. What is the product of fertilization?

Ans: The product of fertilization is zygote.

26. Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in

Amoeba

Yeast

Plasmodium

Leishmanial

Ans: (b) Yeast

27. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings?

Ovary

Uterus

Vas deferens

Fallopian tube

Ans: (c) Vas deferens

28. The anther contains

Sepals

Ovules

Carpel

Pollen grains

And) Pollen grains

29. The simple animals such as planaria can be cut into a number of pieces and each piece grows into a complex organism. What is this process known as?

Ans: The process of cutting an animal into a number of pieces and each piece grows into a complex organism is known as regeneration.

30. Name the unicellular organism which caused the disease known as kala-azar.

Ans: Leishmania is the organism causing the disease known as kala-azar.

31. Which process taking place in the nucleus of a cell leads to variation in the offspring during reproduction?

Ans: DNA copying taking place in the nucleus of a cell leads to variation in the offspring during reproduction.

32. Which type of layering is done in Jasmine?

Ans: Air Layering (Gootee) is done in jasmine.

33. Where does fertilization take place in a human female?

Ans: Fertilization takes place in the oviduct (fallopian tube).

Short Answer Question (2 Marks)

1. Define reproduction. Why is it important?

Ans: Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same kind. It is important to increase the population of individuals and maintain continuity of life. Without reproduction organisms become extinct.

2. What is callus?

Ans: In artificial vegetative propagation, an isolated plant structure called explants is cultivated in a glass container under aseptic conditions with proper nutrient medium. The explants become identical masses of cells called callus.

3. What happens if the mature ovum is not fertilized in a female? Name the process.

Ans: If mature ovum is not fertilized in a female it gets released into fallopian tubes. This process is known as menstruation.

4. Give two examples each of IUD and STD.

Ans: Examples of IUCD are Copper–T and loops. Examples of STD are Syphilis and gonorrhea.

5. What do you understand by self-pollination & cross pollination? Give examples of each.

Ans: In self pollination the pollen is transferred from the stamen to the stigma in the same flower. Examples of self pollination are wheat, rice etc.

In cross pollination pollen is transferred from one flower to another. The pollen is transferred through wind, water or animals. Examples of cross pollination are plums, blackberries etc.

6. What is the difference between binary fission and multiple fission?

Ans: The difference between binary fission and multiple fission is as follows:

7. What are the basic features of asexual reproduction?

Ans: Basic feature for asexual reproduction are as follows:

In asexual reproduction only one organism is involved.

In asexual reproduction cell divisions are either amitotic or mitotic.

Formation of gametes and their fertilization does not occur in asexual reproduction.

The process takes a short time and new organisms are naturally alike to their parents.

8. What is a clone? Why do offspring’s formed by asexual reproduction exhibit remarkable similarity?

Ans: Cells derived from a standard ancestor are referred to as clones. Offspring obtained from gametogenesis has just one parent; there are not any chances of variation in their chromosomes. Hence, they are exactly similar to their parents.

9. List two important functions of gonads.

Ans: Two important functions of gonads are production of gametes in male and female and production of sex hormones.

10. What is the function of the cowper's gland and prostate gland?

Ans: Function of Cowper’s glands is the secretion of a white, viscous and alkaline secretion lubricant.

Function of Prostate gland is to keep the sperm active and mobile.

11. List various reproductive parts of the flower.

Ans: Reproductive organs of flower are sepals, petals, stamens and pistils.

Stamen is the male reproductive part also known as androecium.

Pistil is the female reproductive part and made up of three parts named ovary, style and stigma. Pistils are also known as carpel and collectively known as gynoecium.

12. What is the difference between internal & external fertilization?

Ans: Difference between internal and external fertilization is as follows:

13. Name the type of reproduction involved in the following –

(i) A slice of bread has greenish – yellow patches.

Ans: Greenish yellow patches on a slice of bread are due to spore formation.

(ii) Potato in the store room starts sprouting

Ans: Potato in the store room starts sprouting due to vegetative propagation.

14. Give two reasons for the appearance of variations among the offsprings formed by sexual reproduction.

Ans: An offspring formed by sexual reproduction has variations because it involves two parents; therefore the offspring has some characteristics of male and a few of female. Copying DNA isn't exactly the same as a parent.

15. Name the organism that causes syphilis. Mention two symptoms.

Ans: Syphilis is caused by bacteria. First stage causes sore on the mouth and genitals. Sometimes symptoms may include muscle aches, fever and burning sensation at urination.

16. How does a human foetus derive nutrition?

Ans: A special disc-like structure is made between the embryo and the uterus wall called placenta. It is a link between the mother and the foetus. This disc remains embedded within the uterine wall. It has villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue. On the mother’s side are blood spaces, which surround the villi. This provides an outsized area for the transfer of nutrients mother to foetus.

17. Why are testes and ovaries considered as primary sex organs?

Ans: Testes and ovaries produce gametes and sex hormones so they are called primary sex organs.

18. What is the difference between fission and budding?

Ans: Difference between fission and budding is as follows:

19. Mention function of testis in humans?

Ans: Function of testes is as follows:

Testes produce male gametes sperm, a process known as spermatogenesis.

Testes secrete male sex hormone testosterone which helps in regulation of spermatogenesis and also keeps structure and function of secondary sex types like facial, axial and public hair, voice moustache, etc.

20. Why does menstruation occur?

Ans: When the egg is not fertilized and the uterus has not received a fertilized egg, the lining becomes thick. The thick and soft inner lining of the uterus along with the blood vessels and the dead egg comes out of the vagina in the form of blood. This cycle is known as menstruation.

21. How will an organism be benefited if it reproduces through spores?

Ans: An organism is benefited if it reproduces through spores as spores are enclosed by thick walls that protect them until they come into contact with appropriate moist surface and can begin to grow.

22. How is the process of pollination different from fertilization?

Ans: Difference between pollination and fertilization is as follows:

22. What is the role of the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?

Ans: Seminal vesicles and prostate gland secretions provide fluid medium to sperm, which makes the transport easy and also provide nutrition to sperms.

23. What are the changes seen in girls at the time of puberty?

Ans: During puberty in girls the shape of breast is changed. The breast size begins to increase with darkening of the skin of the nipples at the tip of breasts. Also, menstruation starts around this time.

24. If a woman is using a copper-T, will it help in protecting her from sexually transmitted diseases?

Ans: Copper-T is used to prevent pregnancy. It cannot protect the woman from obtaining sexually transmitted diseases.

25. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Ans: Sexual reproduction results in variation due to recombination of genetic material DNA. These differences are important for survival of species. On the contrary, asexual reproduction does not cause variations.

26. What are the functions performed by the testis in human beings?

Ans: In human beings testes produce male gametes sperm. Testes secrete male sex hormone testosterone which helps in regulation of spermatogenesis and also keeps structure and function of secondary sex types like facial, axial and public hair, voice moustache, etc.

27. How are the modes of reproduction different in unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Ans: In unicellular organisms formation of new individuals is done through the process of cell division or fusion. In multicellular organisms with simple body organization budding, fragmentation may work but in complex multicellular organisms only sexual reproduction takes place.

28. How does reproduction help in providing stability to populations of species?

Ans: To maintain the body design features the consistency of DNA copying during reproduction is important that allow the organism to use the particular function. Reproduction is, therefore, reproduction helps in providing stability to populations of species.

29. A couple wants to space the birth of their second child. Suggest one preventive method which could be observed

By the husband

Ans: The preventive method used by the husband could be the use of condoms.

By the wife for the same.

Ans: The preventive method used by the wife could be the use of oral pills or loop or Copper-T.

30. A girl attains her puberty at the age of 11 years and a boy at 13 years but, still they are asked to refrain from sex, why?

Ans: They are asked to refrain from sex because they are not mature enough to bear the responsibility of child. They may suffer from reproductive tract infections.

31. A pregnant woman visits a doctor to determine the sex of her child. The doctor refused to perform the test. Why is she being denied?

Ans: The sex determination is a crime in India. The doctor refused to perform the test in order to prevent female feticide which leads to shocking drop in child sex ratio.

32. Blueprints of body design are stored in the DNA. Why?

Ans: The chromosomes present within the nucleus of a cell contain information for inheritance of features from parents to child in the form of DNA molecules. DNA is the information basis for creating proteins. Thus, blueprints of the body design are stored in the DNA.

33. Protozoan reproduce by binary fission as well as by multiple fission. In your opinion which process is better and why?

Ans: Multiple fission is better than binary fission because in multiple fission organisms divides into multiple individuals. It helps to tide over unfavorable conditions.

34. What causes joining up of stock and scion in the grafting technique of vegetative propagation in plants? Define the terms stock and scion. Name one positive trait each of the plant contributing scion and stock should have.

Ans: The combining of the vascular tissues of the scion and stock causes joining of the two parts in grafting technique of vegetative propagation in plants. The plant contributing root stock should be ready to keep the plant more immune to diseases and pests that are soil borne. The plant contributing scion should be ready to produce flowers and fruits quicker than those plants which are planted through seeds. Any desirable trait which is required in the offspring is the positive trait. For Example - large number of fruit production.

35. Why is it said that “sexual reproduction promotes diversity of characters in the offspring”?

Ans: Sexual reproduction promotes diversity because it results from the separation of two gametes from two different and sexually distinct individuals. This leads to variation, which is necessary for development.

36. Name the causative organism of syphilis and gonorrhea grafted on the other plant and it contributes the stem. The plant contributing scion should have large sized fruits and the plant contributing stock should have a deep root system.

Ans: The causative organism of syphilis is Treponema pallidum and causative organism of gonorrhea is Nisseria gonorrhoeae.

37. What happens if the fallopian tubes are partially blocked and the ovulated eggs are prevented from reaching the uterus?

Ans: If the fallopian tubes are partially blocked, fertilization may take place in the tube instead of the uterus.

38. Why is variation possible in the progeny of sexually reproductive individuals?

Ans: Variations are possible in the progeny of sexually reproductive individuals because the copy of DNA in newly formed cells is not like the copy DNA of the original cell.

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

1. What changes occur in girls and boys in the age group of 10 -14 years?

Ans: In the age group of 10-14 following changes occur in boys:

Broadening of shoulder

Deepening of voice

Presence of beard and moustaches

Development of sex organs

In the age group of 10-14 following changes occur in girls:

Widening of pelvis and hips.

High pitch voice.

Growing axillary and pubic hair

Initiation of menstrual cycle.

Growth of mammary glands.

2. Describe sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and mention the ways to prevent them.

Ans: Infective diseases which are spread by sexual contact called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

STDs can be preventing by the following ways:

People should be aware about sexually transmitted diseases.

Extra – marital relations should be avoided

Sex without proper precaution should be avoided

High standard of moral education should be given to the people.

3. Name the surgical methods of birth control in human males and females respectively.

Ans: Surgical methods of birth control in male are Castration and Vasectomy. In castration testes are removed from the body of a male. In vasectomy small pieces of both the vas deferens are cut and removed.

Surgical methods of birth control in females are ovariectomy, tubectomy and laparoscopy. In ovariectomy, ovaries are removed from the body. In tubectomy small pieces of both the fallopian tubes are removed and in laparoscopy fallopian tubes are blocked with the help of an instrument named laparoscope.

4. What are the essential requisites for sexual reproduction?

Ans: Essential requisites for sexual reproduction are transfer of germ cells either by external release of germ cells or by internal transfer of germ cells. Another requirement is special organs like an erectile organ called penis and organs which can carry the baby for a long period.

5. What is micropropagation? Mention its advantages.

Ans: Micropropagation is a type of artificial vegetative propagation in which an isolated plant part is cultivated under germ-free conditions with proper nutrient medium.

Advantages of micro-propagation are as follows:

It is a fast method to get multiple plants.

Germ free plants are produced by this method from virus infected plants.

It can overcome seed dormancy.

6. Mention the events taking place when the ovum is fertilized in the fallopian tube till it is implanted in the uterus of a human female.

Ans: When the ovum is fertilized, it starts dividing in the form of a ball or cells or also known as embryo. After 4-5 days the zygote becomes a multicellular structure blastocyst. The blastocyst gets attached to the lining of the uterus during implantation.

7. What are the post-fertilization changes in the flower?

Ans: After fertilization, the egg divides to form an embryo in the ovule. The ovule grows a coat and is gradually converted into a seed. The ovaries grow rapidly and ripen to form a fruit. The sepals, petals and stamens wither off, style and stigma degenerate. The seed contains the embryo which germinates to produce a new plant.

8. What are the major factors responsible for population explosion?

Ans: The major factors responsible for population explosion are as follows:

Improved medical facilities have resulted in a fall of death rate.

People are not well educated and not aware about family planning.

Some people think that family planning is against the norms set by their religion.

Early marriage is also a reason for population explosion.

There is a lot of improvement in sanitary conditions which led to an increase in population.

9. What are the advantages of vegetative propagation?

Ans: Advantages of vegetative propagation are as follows:

It is a speedy, inexpensive and easy method of reproduction of multiple numbers of plants.

Plants produced are genetically identical plants (clones) that have similar characteristics to the parent.

Plants rose by vegetative propagation earlier produce fruits and flowers and have superior quality fruits or flowers.

Disease free plants can be produced by vegetative propagation.

10.Describe any 3 methods of asexual reproduction

Ans: Three methods of asexual reproduction are primary fission, spore formation and fragmentation.

Primary fission – in primary fission organisms divides into two or multiple cells to produce new individuals. In a unicellular organism, the organism divides into two equal halves. In a multicellular nucleus, division first and then division of cytoplasm takes place.

Spore formation – A spore may be a small microscopic structure with a thick wall. Spores are formed during a structure called sporangium. Nucleus inside the sporangium divides repeatedly and produces many nuclei. Each nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasm and called spore.

Fragmentation – Multi-cellular organisms with simple body structure simply break into two or more parts upon maturation. This part or fragment grows to form a new individual.

11. What changes occur in ovaries during the menstrual cycle?

Ans: Change occurs in ovaries during menstruation cycle are-

1 – 4 days – The ovary starts preparing for the maturation of a new follicle.

5 – 13 days – Ovarian follicle develops to optimum. Estrogen secreted by ovaries causes thickening of the uterine wall.

14 day – Egg gets released from the ovary. It enters the fallopian tube, known as ovulation.

15 to 28 days – After releasing the egg, the follicle part produces corpus luteum which produces progesterone. If the egg is not fertilized the lining of the uterus slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina in the form of blood.

12. Describe budding in yeast, a fungus.

Ans: Organism such as yeast use asexual reproduction process known as budding to reproduce new cells. In this process a bud develops as an outgrowth on the parent organism due to single cell division. The bud gradually grows in size and gets detached from the parent when fully matured and develops into an adult organism, similar to the parent.

13. What is the importance of reproduction?

Ans: Importance of reproduction are-

To maintain the existence – Due to reproduction organisms are able to maintain their existence on the earth since their origin, million years ago.

To preserve the species – Due to reproduction species (a group of similar organisms) are preserved as reproducing organisms produce new individuals which are very similar to themselves.

Role in evolution – some variations are produced in the new organisms during reproduction which play an important role in evolution.

14. How are spores produced in sporangia of Rhizopus?

Ans: Spores are thread-like structures that developed above the hyphae of the bread mould (Rhizopus). The tiny blob-on-a-stick structures known as sporangia contain cells, or spores, that can eventually develop into new Rhizopus individuals. In each sporangium, a nucleus divides a number of times generating a large number of nuclei.

Nuclei surrounded by a little cytoplasm are covered by thick walls that protect them until they come into contact with another moist surface and can begin to grow. The wall of sporangium breaks to release the spores in air.

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15. Diagrammatically represent binary fission in amoeba.

Ans: Diagrammatic representation of binary fission in amoeba is as follows:

Cell division in amoeba is as follows:

16. Draw a flow chart showing various types of reproduction with examples.

Ans: Flow chart showing various types of reproduction with example is as follows:

17. What is grafting? Why is it used in horticulture practices?

Ans: Grafting is a method in which a plant stem is attached to another rooted plant. The cutting of the stem which is grafted on the other plant is scion and the rooted plant on which the cutting is grafted is called stock. The scion and stock are placed on each other such that there is no gap between them. The cambium action takes place between them and they get merged. Grafting is used in plants such as banana, orange, rose and jasmine because they lose the capacity to produce seeds.

18. What are the different methods of contraception?

Ans: Different methods of contraception are barrier method, chemical method and intrauterine contraceptive device method.

Barrier method – In this method, a device used to stop the entry of sperms in the female genital tract. Condoms, Diaphragm, Cervical caps are used in this method.

Chemical method – In this method certain drugs (containing hormones) are used by the females. These drugs are available in the form of pills. There are two types of pills generally used for preventing pregnancies i.e oral pills and vaginal pills or creams.

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) – IUCD like copper – T are placed in the uterus to prevent implantation of the fertilized egg inside the uterus.

19. What is AIDS? Name its causal organism. Mention its symptoms.

Ans: AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. AIDS is caused by HIV virus and can be transmitted through infected blood, semen or vaginal fluid. Its full form is acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It destroys the immune system of the body. Some common symptoms of AIDS are fever, sore throat, weight loss, fatigue. Also the body can be attacked by other diseases like pneumonia, TB and certain cancers.

20. Explain vegetative reproduction through layering. Give examples.

Ans: In the process of layering a stem attached to the parent plant buried in the soil to produce the root. This rooted branch is called a layer. Layer is then separated from the parent plant to grow as a new individual plant. Example of layering is the Jasmine plant.

21. What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?

Ans: DNA copying in reproduction is the basic event. DNA contains information for the inheritance of features from parents to children. DNA present in the nucleus of cells is the information source for creating protein. If information is changed, altered proteins will be made that lead to different body designs.

22. Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?

Ans: Variations are useful for the existence of species in different environment conditions. If a population of reproducing organisms were suited to a specific niche and if the niche is drastically altered the population might be exhausted. However, some differences are present and some species will survive. Thus, variation is beneficial to species but not for the individual.

23. How does binary fission differ from multiple fissions?

24. Can you think of reasons why more complex organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration?

Ans: Simple stricter organisms cut into a number of pieces and each piece grows as an individual. The reason is that complex organisms are not merely random collections of cells. Specialized cells are organized in them as tissues are organized in organs. These organs have to be placed at definite positions in the body. So, regeneration is not possible in multicellular organisms.

25. Why is vegetative propagation practiced for growing some types of plants?

Ans: Plants produced by vegetative propagation are genetically identical plants that have similar characteristics to the parent. It is a speedy, inexpensive and easy method of reproduction of multiple numbers of plants. Plants rose by vegetative propagation earlier produce fruits and flowers than those produced by seeds. Disease free plants can be produced by vegetative propagation. Plants such as banana, orange, rose and jasmine are produced by vegetative propagation because they lose the capacity to produce seeds.

26. Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction?

27. How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body?

Ans: A special disc-like structure is made between the embryo and the uterus wall called placenta. It is a link between the mother and the foetus. The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s body with the help of placenta. This disc remains embedded within the uterine wall and has villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue. On the mother’s side are blood spaces, which surround the villi. This provides an outsized area for glucose and oxygen to transfer the mother to the embryo and waste products from embryo to mother.

28. Why does menstruation occur?

Ans: If the egg is not fertilized it remains for one day. If the ovary does not get fertilized, its lining becomes thick and spongy. Now, as fertilization doesn’t occur this lining is not needed. The lining breaks slowly and comes out through the vagina in the form of blood. This cycle takes place every month and is known as menstruation.

29. Draw a labeled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower.

Ans: The labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of flower is as follows:

30. What are the different methods of contraception?

Ans: Different methods of contraception are barrier method, chemical method and surgical method.

Barrier method – In this method, a device used to stop the entry of sperms in the female genital tract. Condom, Diaphragm, Cervical caps and Copper-T are used in this method.

Surgical method – In this method small part of vas deferens in male is cut and removed. It is known as vasectomy. In females the oviduct of the female is removed, it is known as tubectomy.

31. What could be the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?

Ans: The sexual action always leads to pregnancy. If a woman is not physically and mentally ready to have a child, contraceptive methods are used to avoid pregnancy. Many diseases can be transmitted sexually. Some contraceptive methods like condoms also prevent spread of STDs and dangerous diseases like HIV-AIDS.

32. Producing individuals by parents consumes a lot of energy. So, why should an individual organism waste energy in the process, it does not need to stay alive?

Ans: Reproduction is necessary to maintain the balance in nature. Reproduction provides stability to the population of species so unlike other life processes it is not essential to take care of the lifetime of an individual organism.

33. Blueprints of body design are stored in the DNA. Why?

34. Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessary for the individual?

35. What is the advantage of reproduction through spores in the case of Rhizopus?

Ans: The advantage of reproduction through spores in Rhizopus is that spores are enclosed by thick walls that protect them until they come into contact with an appropriate moist surface and can begin to grow.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. Describe triple fusion in plants? Where does it occur? Draw a neat and clean well labeled diagram to support your answer.

Ans: After pollination, the pollen grains germinate within the stigma by producing plant parts. This plant part is made from the inner wall of the pollen grain. It penetrates the stigma and passes through the design and enters the ovule through a gap called male gamete it releases two male gametes within the embryo sac. One male gamete fuses with egg cells and second fuses with two polar nuclei. The fusion of 1 male gamete with the egg cells is named syngamy. The fusion of the second male gamete with two polar nuclei is called triple fusion. This process occurs in the ovary.

The labelled diagram is as follows:

2. Draw a well labelled diagram of the female reproductive system and mention its parts.

Ans: A labelled diagram of the female reproductive system is as follows:

Various parts of the female reproductive system are as follows:

A pair of ovaries – ovaries produces egg and female sex hormones. One egg is produced every month by one of the ovaries.

Fallopian tubes – There are two fallopian tubes. It carries eggs from the ovary to the womb. Fertilization happens in fallopian tubes.

Uterus – It is a pear-shaped hollow muscular structure. The fertilized egg remains attached to the uterus wall.

Vagina – It is a thin muscular tube. Its upper end is connected to the cervix of the uterus and the lower end opens outside through an opening. It is a place for copulation.

3. Draw a well labeled diagram of male reproductive system and describe its parts.

Ans: Labeled diagram of male reproductive system is as follows:

Various parts of a male reproductive system are as follows:

A pair of testes – Testes secretes male sex hormone testosterone which helps in regulation of spermatogenesis and also keeps structure and function of secondary sex types like facial, axial and public hair, voice moustache, etc. Tests are present in a small pouch called scrotum.

Epididymis – It is a long spiral tube. The head is linked with testis and tail is linked with vas deferens.

Vas deferens – It is a long tube which begins from the tail of epididymis. The sperms formed are transported through vas deferens.

Urethra – It receives the vas deferens from both the testes. It opens outside through penis. It carries both sperms and urine.

Prostate gland – Prostate gland secretions provide fluid medium to sperm, which makes the transport easy and also provide nutrition to sperms.

4. Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Ans: Difference between asexual and sexual reproduction is as follows:

5. What is the need of population control?

Ans: Expanding population leads to number of problems like –

Unemployment – More population requires more jobs and if enough employment is not available, it leads to unemployment.

Living standard – Population explosion makes it tougher to improve the living standard.

Poverty – If there are more people in the family and the income is less, it develops poverty with the addition of every child.

Food supply – If the population increases and the food production does not increase; this will lead to shortage of food supply.

Hygienic condition – Additional people in small areas usually make the condition unhygienic for survival.

Educational problem – In a family if there are more children, it becomes difficult to provide education to all with limited income.

Pollution – More pollution with increasing population.

Decrease in natural resources – More people will consume more natural resources, it decreases the natural resources quickly.

What are the Benefits of Important Questions from Vedantu for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How Do Organisms Reproduce

Focus on key topics for efficient studying.

Prepares students for exams and reduces anxiety.

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Important Related Links for CBSE Class 10 Science

How Do Organisms Reproduce is an integral part of Class 10 Science and plays a crucial role from an examination perspective. The important questions for Class 10 Science, as discussed by NCERT, cover a wide range of topics within the subject. They also provide a concise guide to critical points and details related to the topic.

A solid understanding of each section of Class 10 Science is fundamental as it forms the basis for higher-level studies. However, this section primarily focuses on important questions within the context of Class 10 Science.

FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce? 2024-25

1. How can Vedantu’s Important Questions for Chapter 8 Class 10 Science be advantageous for board exam preparation?

Vedantu’s Important Questions for Class 10 Science chapter 8 are an indispensable tool for your CBSE board exam preparation. Here is why:

The Important Questions for Class 10 Science chapter 8 cover all the topics entirely.

Highly experienced teachers carefully select all the important questions from this chapter.

These questions form the perfect revision tool for exams. You can quickly sift through these questions when revising this entire chapter quickly.

You get an idea for forming ideal answers for differently marked questions.

2. Is Chapter 8 “How do Organisms Reproduce?” Class 10 Science important for CBSE board exams?

Class 10 Science Chapter 8 “How do Organisms Reproduce?” is indeed a vital chapter for Board examinations. The chapter carries several important topics that can be asked for 1, 2, 3, and/or 5 marks. As you analyze the previous years’ question papers, you will realize that many important questions are definitely asked from this chapter. Hence it is incumbent upon you to perfectly practice this chapter.

You can use Vedantu's NCERT Solutions , Revision Notes, and Important Questions for this chapter for wholesome learning.

3. Does Vedantu’s Important Questions from Chapter 8 “How do Organisms Reproduce?” Class 10 Science covers all the important topics from the chapter?

Yes, Vedantu’s Important Questions from Chapter 8 of Class 10 Science covers all the crucial questions. Our aim in providing these questions is that students get all the important questions from this chapter in one place. Our experts cautiously go through the entire chapter, sample papers, and previous years’ question papers to prepare the perfect set of important questions from each chapter.

This allows you to revise the chapter ideally and get an idea about the type of questions that can be asked in the board examination.

4. What is menstruation?

Menstruation is the monthly process of releasing mucosal tissue and blood from the uterus through the vagina. When a mature ovum in a female body is not fertilized, it gets released into the fallopian tubes. The thick lining of the uterus, which was prepared by the body for receiving the egg, then sheds itself which comes out through the vagina in the form of blood and mucosal tissue.

For more such important questions from this chapter, refer to Vedantu ( vedantu.com ).

5. What are the various methods of contraception? Which ones are best suited for protection from sexually transmitted diseases?

Several contraceptives are available in the market today are a follows:

Condoms for both males and females.

Hormonal pills, injections, and patches.

Copper T and other intrauterine devices.

We also know that there are several deadly diseases like AIDS that can be transmitted sexually. Therefore it is necessary to take the required steps to protect oneself from such STDs. From all the above-mentioned contraceptive methods, only abstinence and condoms can protect from sexually transmitted diseases.

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Important Questions For Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce

Chapter 8 -How do Organisms Reproduce?

Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce is provided here for students to help them prepare effectively for the board exam. By practising these questions, students will have a good revision. They will go through the important topics of Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce. Also, they get a good idea of the topics from where the questions are expected to be asked in the Science paper. Practising them will help in increasing the scores of students in Science subject.

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How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Important Questions and Answers

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While preparing for exams, students should practise these important questions of Class 10 Science to understand the concepts better. Solving important questions of Class 10 Science Chapter 8 will teach students time management skills and enhance their problem-solving skills. Also, students may come across a few of these questions in the board exam.

Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 – PDF

1. What is meant by budding?

Answer: Budding is one of methods of asexual multiplication in which the cell division takes place at one specific site and turns out into an outgrowth. The little knob like projection turning out from the main body is known as a bud. The new life form grows there at the same site and get detached at when fully grown leaving behind the scar tissue. Since the proliferation is asexual, the recently made life form is a clone and is identical to the parent life form. For example: budding in yeast

2. In which organisms spore formation takes place?

Answer: The spores are the minute, intense and resistant bodies which are round fit and can develop into another plant under reasonable conditions. The spore formation method of asexual reproduction is used by unicellular as well as multicellular organisms. For example: Rhizopus, Mucor and some non-flowering plants.

3. What is meant by binary fission?

Answer: Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction which involves the splitting of parent organism into two new organisms. In this type of asexual reproduction the parent ceases to exist and two new forms come into existence. For example: Amoeba, Paramecium etc.

4. What is meant by ovulation?

Answer: Ovulation is the arrival of an egg from one of a lady’s ovaries. After the egg is discharged, it goes down the fallopian tube, where fusion by a sperm cell may happen.

5. What is the role of placenta?

Answer: The role of placenta is to provide all the developing requirements to the developing foetus. These requirements are:

Respiration
Excretion etc.

6. What is the function of testes?

Answer: Testes are the primary reproductive structures or organs in males. Its functions are

To make sex cells i.e. male gametes called sperm.
To make male sex hormone, testosterone.

7. What is the function of prostate glands and seminal vesicles?

Answer: Prostrate gland is a male reproductive organ which secretes prostrate fluid which is a component of semen. The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. The secretions of seminal vesicle and prostrate gland provides nutrition to sperm and also make their further transport easy.

8. What is the function of ovaries?

Answer: Ovaries are the primary reproductive organs in females. The functions of ovaries are:

To make mature female sex cells i.e. female gametes called ova.
To make female sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone.

9. Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction?

Answer: DNA is the carrier of genetic information. It is the blueprint of necessary information. For a parent to produce offspring of its own type, it is essential that the offspring carries same DNA as in parents. Thus, DNA copying or DNA replication is the only way through which a cell makes additional copies of same DNA which can be transmitted to its offspring. Thus, DNA copying is an essential mechanism.

10. What are bisexual organisms? Give examples.

Answer: The organisms which have both male and female reproductive system within the same organism called bisexual organisms. For example: earthworm, leech, starfish etc.

11. Name those parts of the flower which server the same function as the following do in the animals. (i) Testis (ii) Ovary (iii) Eggs (iv) Sperms

Answer: (i) Testis: Anthers (ii) Ovary: ovary (iii) Eggs: ovules (iv) Sperms: pollens

12. What is the importance of variation for an organism?

Answer: Variation is defined as the slight difference in two organisms or species which distinguishes one from the other. Individual with variation has higher chances of survival since they are better adapted to the environment. Thus, for survival of the fittest and to continue life on earth, variation is an important phenomenon.

13. What is so peculiar about the binary fission in leishmania?

Answer: Leishmania reproduces by the process of binary fission. It has a greater degree of organisation in its body, having a whip-like structure called flagellum at its one end. In Leishmania, the splitting of parent cell takes place in a definite plane {longitudinally} with respect to flagellum at its end.

14. What is the importance of: (a) Mitosis (b) Meiosis?

Answer: (a) Mitosis: It is important for:

Increasing the number of cells in a particular tissue.
Protection from harmful microorganism in case of a cut or wound.
Replacing or repairing dead or inefficient cells in a tissue.
To maintain the ratio of cytoplasm to nucleoplasm as well as surface area to volume.

(b) Meiosis:

It is the most essential process in all sexually reproducing animals.
Maintain chromosomal number in zygote.
Meiosis show crossing over, resulting in genetic recombination.
Meiosis show a number of incidences of mutation (sudden changes in genetic material).

15. Give the significance of vegetative propagation?

Answer: Significance of vegetative reproduction:

Plants in which valuable characters of parents must be kept up, are proliferated vegetatively.
The plants which don’t deliver feasible seeds are proliferated by this method.
Plants with decreased intensity of sexual multiplication, long lethargic time of seed or poor practicality are duplicated effectively through this method.
Vegetative propagation likewise helps in expelling regular diseases from the parent plant.

16. What is the difference between fragmentation and regeneration?

Answer:

17. How does binary fission differ from multiple fission?

18. Why does menstruation occur?

Answer: In every ovulation cycle, an egg is discharged from the ovary which is exchanged to the fallopian tube. Also, the uterus sets itself up for a conceivable pregnancy. The lining of uterus thickens. At the point when no conception happens, the covering of the uterus is shed in pieces; alongside the unfertilized egg. These things are discharged out through the vagina through dying; called mensuration. The sole reason for the mensuration to occur is due the change in the levels of female hormones, oestrogen and progesterone.

19. Give two differences between pollination and fertilization.

20. How are modes for reproduction different unicellular and multicellular organisms? How does reproduction help in providing stability to population of species?

Answer: Unicellular life forms dependably replicate by asexual reproduction; like binary fission, fragmentation, regeneration, sporulation etc. Multicellular forms, then again, utilize both asexual and sexual strategies for reproduction. While unicellular living beings normally take after the asexual strategies for propagation; the vast majority of the multicellular life forms take after sexual methods for generation.

Each specie needs to continually struggle for its survival. Characteristic predators and fancies of nature continue expelling a huge segment of the number of inhabitants in a

specific animal types. In addition, the normal cycle of life and passing additionally expels a segment of the populace. Reproduction is an approach to recharge the lost segment of populace. In this manner, one might say that reproduction is connected to the soundness of populace of an animal varieties.

21. What is the vegetative propagation? Where this method of reproduction find its application? List the advantages of vegetative propagation.

Answer: Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction. In this, new plants are produced by the parts of plants like stem, roots and leaves without the help of any reproductive organ. This technique is widely used in horticultural crop nurseries.

Advantages of vegetative propagation are:

22. What is meant by pollination? What are its two type? What are the agents which help in pollination?

Answer: The transfer of pollen gains from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of a pistil or carpel is called pollination. The pollination is of two types:

Self-pollination: when the pollen gains from the anther of a flower are transferred to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of same plant.

Cross-pollination : when the pollen gains from the anther of a flower are transferred to the stigma of a flower of the other but similar plant.

Agents of pollination are:

Bees and moths
Butterflies and bats

23. Define the term double fertilization in plants. After fertilization name the part in each case which develops into (i) the fruit (ii) the seed.

Answer: Double fertilization is a type fertilization mechanism of flowering plants. This process involves the fusion of a female gametophyte (mega gametophyte also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes (sperm).

The ovary of flower develops and becomes a fruit.
The ovule of flower develops and becomes a seed.

Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce Important Question 22

24. Distinguish between a gamete and zygote.

Answer: Difference between a gamete and zygote:

25. (a) What is a clone? Why do offspring formed by asexual reproduction exhibit remarkable similarity?

(b) What is the basis for evolution? Where is the zygote located in the flower after fertilization?

Answer: (a) A copy of something is known as a clone. During sexual multiplication, the characters in a posterity are attributes of their parents. Because of this, posterity framed after sexual multiplication show momentous similarity.

(b) The zygote located in the ovary in the flower after fertilization.

26. Draw a labelled diagram of L.S. of flower. What is the function of anther?

The swollen top of the stamen is called anther which makes the pollen grains and stores them.

How Do Organisms Reproduce?

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How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8

In this page, you can find CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers How do Organisms Reproduce Pdf free download, NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Science will make your practice complete.

Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers How do Organisms Reproduce

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce with Answers Solutions

How do Organisms Reproduce Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1. What is the effect of DNA copying which is not perfectly accurate in the reproduction process? Answer: The DNA copying which is not perfectly accurate in the reproduction process results in variations in populations for better survival of the species.

How do Organisms Reproduce Extra Questions with Answers

Question 2. What methods will you use for growing jasmine and rose plants? Answer: For growing jasmine plants, layering method will be used and for growing rose plants, cutting and grafting methods will be used.

Extra Questions and Answers How do Organisms Reproduce

Question 3. Name the part of Bryophyllum where the buds are produced for vegetative propagation. Answer: In Bryophyllum, the buds are produced in leaf notches.

Question 4. Which parts of plants can grow vegetatively? Answer: Modified stems like onion bulbs, runners of doob grass, ginger rhizomes, potato tubers, root tubers of sweet potato and dahlia, stem cutting of plants like rose and leaves of plants like Bryophyllum can be grown vegetatively.

Question 5. Can you consider cell division as a type of reproduction in a unicellular organism? Give one reason. Answer: Yes, because it results in the formation of two daughter cells, i.e., it results in the production of more individuals of the organism.

Question 6. What is the function of pollen grains in flowers? Answer: Pollen grains are the male gametes which fertilise the egg cell present in the ovule of a flower.

Question 7. Write the various methods of cross-pollination. Answer: Various methods of cross-pollination are entomophily (insect pollination), anemophily (wind pollination), hydrophily (water pollination) and zoophily (animal pollination).

Question 8. Why cannot fertilisation take place in flowers if pollination does not occur? Or Why is fertilisation not possible without pollination? Answer: In a flower, fertilisation requires both male and female gametes. If pollination does not occur, male gametes will not be available hence fertilisation cannot take place.

Question 9. Explain the role of cotyledon and plumule in germination. Answer: Cotyledon stores food and the plumule acts as future shoot.

Question 10. Is the chromosome number of zygote, embryonal cells and adult of a particular organism always constant? How is the constancy maintained in these three stages? Answer: Yes, the constancy is maintained because cells in all these three structures undergo only mitotic divisions.

Question 11. In a bisexual flower inspite of the young stamens being removed artificially, the flower produces fruit. How is it possible? Answer: This is because the pistil is intact due to which cross-pollination takes place leading to fertilisation and formation of fruit.

Question 12. What is gametogenesis? Answer: Formation of sperms in testes and ova in ovary is called gametogenesis.

Question 13. In a tobacco plant, the male gametes have twenty-four chromosomes. What is the number of chromosomes in the female gamete? What is the number of chromosomes in the zygote? Answer: Number of chromosomes in female gamete is 24 and in zygote it is 48.

Question 14. How is the sperm genetically different from the egg? Answer: Sperms contain either X or Y chromosome whereas an egg will always have an X chromosome.

Question 15. What would be the ratio of chromosome number between an egg and its zygote? How is the sperm genetically different from the egg? Answer: The ratio is 1 : 2 Sperms contain either X or Y chromosome whereas an egg will always have an X chromosome.

Question 16. List two functions performed by the testis in human beings. Answer: Functions of testis:

To produce sperms.
To produce male sex hormone/testosterone.

Question 17. List two functions of ovary of human female reproductive system. Answer:

To produce female gamete.
To secrete female hormones.

Question 18. Name the life process of an organism that helps in the growth of its population. Answer: Reproduction helps in the growth of the population.

Question 19. What happens when a mature Spirogyra filament attains considerable length? Answer: When a mature Spirogyra filament attains considerable length its filament breaks up into smaller fragments and each fragment grows into a new filament or individual.

Question 20. What will happen if all the organisms in one trophic level are destroyed? Answer: The transfer of food (energy) tapes place through various steps in the food chain known as trophic levels. In case of destruction of all organisms of one trophic level, the ecosystem will get unstable and eventually all life forms will die.

Question 21. What happens when a Planaria gets cut into two pieces? Answer: Each piece regenerates into a new Planaria.

Question 22. Name the method by which Hydra reproduces. Is this method sexual or asexual? Answer: Hydra reproduces by budding or regeneration. It is a method of asexual reproduction.

Question 23. Name the method by which Spirogyra reproduces under favourable conditions. Is this method sexual or asexual? Answer: Spirogyra reproduces by fragmentation. It is an asexual method.

Question 24. How does Planaria reproduce? Is this method sexual or asexual? Answer: Planaria reproduces by regeneration. This method is asexual.

Question 25. How does Plasmodium reproduce? Is this method sexual or asexual? Answer: Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission. This method is an asexual means of reproduction.

Question 26. Name the male and female gametes in animals. Answer: In animals, male gametes are called sperms while female gametes are called eggs or ova.

Question 27. Why are testes placed outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotal sac? Answer: Testes are placed outside the body cavity in the scrotal sac because it requires a temperature 2°C lower than the normal body temperature for production of sperms.

Question 28. What is hymen? Answer: It is a thin fold of membrane which surrounds or partly closes the external vaginal opening.

Question 29. What is funeral of unfertilised egg? Answer: Menstruation is also called funeral of egg since it is not fertilised.

Question 30. What is gestation? Answer: The period of development of foetus in the uterus until birth is called gestation. It is of 9 months duration (i.e., 280 days or 40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual cycle) in human beings.

Question 31. Define parturition. Answer: The birth of the fully developed foetus (childbirth) is called parturition.

Question 32. Name the causative agent of the disease ‘Kala-azar’ and its mode of asexual reproduction. Answer: The causative agent of Kala-azar is Leishmania and the mode of asexual reproduction is binary fission.

Question 33. Name the parts of a bisexual flower that are not directly involved in reproduction. Answer:

Sepals/calyx
Petals/Corolla

Question 34. List two unisexual flowers. Answer: Watermelon and papaya are unisexual flowers.

Question 35. What is DNA? Answer: DNA is the carrier of hereditary information from parents to the next generation.

Question 36. Write names of one male and one female sex hormone. Answer: Male sex hormone is testosterone and female sex hormone is oestrogen.

Question 37. Illustrate with example the division and fragmentation method of reproduction in living organisms. Answer: Fragmentation: It is a type of a sexual reproduction observed in multicellular organisms on maturation break up into two or more small fragments or pieces. Each fragment subsequently grows to form a completely new organism. Fission: The process of reproduction by which a unicellular organism splits into two or more than two separate daughter cells is called fission. Generally, it is of two types:

Binary fission.
Multiple fission.

Question 38. What is syngamy? Answer: One male gamete fuses with one female gamete or egg. This process of fusion of male and female nuclei is called syngamy.

Question 39. What are those organisms called which bear both the sex organs in the same individual? Give one example of such organism. Answer: Organisms bearing both the sex organs in the same individual are called bisexual. Example, Hydra, Mustard.

Question 40. Give an example of a unisexual and bisexual flower. Answer: Cucumber is a unisexual flower and hibiscus is a bisexual flower.

Question 41. Where is the zygote located in the flower after fertilisation? Answer: Zygote is located inside the ovule which is present in the ovary.

Question 42. Where do the following functions occur?

Production of an egg
Fertilisation
Implantation of zygote
In fallopian tube
In uterus (uterine wall)

Question 43. What changes are observed in the uterus if fertilisation does not occur? Answer: If fertilisation does not occur, the thick and spongy lining of the uterus slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina as blood and mucus.

Question 44. Give a reason for the statement- Since the ovary releases one egg every month, the uterus also prepares itself every month by making its lining thick and spongy. Answer: The lining of uterus becomes thick for nourishing the embryo if fertilisation takes place and egg reaches the uterus.

Question 45. What is menopause? Answer: The period of permanent cessation of menstruation in females, usually occurring between the age of 45 and 50 is called as menopause.

Question 46. Name the organs producing sperms and ova respectively in humans. Answer: Testis produces sperms and ovary produces ova in humans.

Question 47. What is fertilisation? Where does it occur in a human female? Answer: Fertilisation is the fusion of sperm or male gamete and female gamete. It takes place in the oviduct or fallopian tube of human female.

How do Organisms Reproduce Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1. Define the terms unisexual and bisexual giving one example of each. Answer: Unisexual: In most of the animals including humans, male and female reproductive organs are in different individuals. Such animals are called unisexual. Bisexual: In some animals like tapeworm, liver fluke, earthworm, leech, etc., the male and female reproductive organs are found in a single individual. Such organisms are called bisexual (hermaphrodite). The flower may be unisexual (e.g., papaya, watermelon) when it contains either stamens or carpels and bisexual (e.g., Hibiscus, mustard) when it contains both stamens and carpels.

Question 2. What is a clone? Why do offsprings formed by asexual reproduction exhibit remarkable similarity? Answer: Clone refers to the offspring of an organism formed by asexual method of reproduction. Since they possess exact copies of the DNA of their parent, clones exhibit remarkable similarity.

Question 3. Why does bread mould grow profusely on a moist slice of bread rather than on a dry slice of bread? Answer: Moisture is an important factor for the growth of hyphae. Moistened bread slice offers both moisture and nutrients to the bread mould, hence it grows profusely. Dry slice of bread offers nutrients but not moisture hence hyphae fail to grow.

Question 4. Explain the roles of gametes and zygote in sexual reproduction, Answer: The two fusing gametes posses characters of their parents in their DNA. Fertilisation brings characters of both parents into one zygote cell. Zygote is the first cell of the next generation. It divides to form an embryo which subsequently grows into a new individual.

Male gamete forming part-anther/stamen
Female gamete forming part-pistil/ovary/ovule

Question 5. Describe the structure of a pollen grain. Answer: Stamens produce pollen grains that are yellowish in colour. Pollen grain is unicellular and haploid. It has two layers, the thicker outer one is called exine, which is thin at places called germ pores and inner thin layer is called intine.

Question 6. In a germinating seed, which parts are known as future shoot and future root? Mention the function of cotyledon. Answer: In a germinating seed, plumule in known as future shoot and ridicule is known as future root. The function of cotyledon is to store food for the future plant or embryo.

Question 7. Identify the following parts of a flower:

Part hat produces pollen grain
Part that transfers male gametes
Part that is sticky to trap
Part the develops into a fruit.

Question 8. What is puberty? Answer: The period of adolescence when the reproductive organs become functional is termed as puberty. It is accompanied by development of secondary sexual characters both in males and females.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 1

Question 10. Give two reaosns for the appearance of variations among the progeny formed by sexual reproduction. Answer:

Sexual reproduction involves two parents with different sets of characters.
The gene combinations are different in gametes.

Question 11. What are the benefits of using mechanical barriers during sexual act? Answer: Mechanical barriers like condom prevent the sperms from reaching the egg. Thus it is an effective method to avoid pregnancy. It also prevents transmission of infections during sexual act.

Question 12. Write one main difference between asexual and sexual mode of reproduction. Which species is likely to have comparatively better chances of survival the one reproducing asexually or the one reproducing sexually? Justify your answer. Answer: Asexual reproduction does not involve genetic fusion while sexual reproduction involves fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. Species reproducing sexually have better chances of survival. This is because sexual reproduction gives rise to more variations which are essential for evolution as well as for the survival of species under unfavourable conditions.

Question 13. Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction? What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? Answer: DNA copying is essential because it makes the transmission of characters from parents to the next generation possible.

Advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction: Sexual reproduction gives rise to variations, which are essential for evolution as well as for the survival of species under unfavourable conditions.

Question 14. Trace the path of sperm during ejaculation and mention the gland and their functions associated with the male reproductive system. Answer: Sperm comes out from testis into the vas deferens and then passes through urethra before ejaculation. The secretion of seminal vesicle and prostate glands provide nutrition to the sperms and also facilitate their transport.

Question 15. What changes are observed in the uterus subsequent to implantation of young embryo? Answer: The uterine wall thickens that is richly supplied with blood. A special tissue called placenta develops which connects embryo to the uterine wall that provides nutrients and oxygen to it.

Question 16. Give two reasons for avoiding frequent pregnancies by women. Answer: Frequent pregnancies by women are avoided due to the following reasons:

It has adverse effect on the health of women.
It increases the rate of the population of our country.

Question 17. Reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of living beings. Give three reasons in support of the statement. Answer:

Reproduction is important for continuation of species or perpetuation of species.
It promotes diversity of characters or helps to show the variations which enhance the survival chances.
It increases population of a species.

Question 18. Suggest three contraceptive methods to control the size of human population which is essential for the health and prosperity of a country. State the basic principle involved in each. Answer: The methods of contraception are:

Barrier method or mechanical method (Condom/Diaphragm): Prevents the meeting of sperems and ova.
Chemical method (Oral pills): Changes the hormonal balance of the female partner so that the eggs are not released.
Surgical method: The vas deference in males is blocked (vasectomy) or the fallopian tube (oviduct) in females is blocked (tubectomy) to prevent the transfer of sperms or egg and hence no fertilisation takes place.
IUCDs/Loop or the copper-Țis placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. (Any three)

Question 19. List three techniques that have been developed to prevent pregnancy. Which one of these techniques is not meant for males? How does the use of these techniques have a direct impact on the health and prosperity of a family? Answer: Three techniques to prevent pregnancy are barrier method, chemical method and surgical method. Chemical method is not meant for males: Use of these techniques helps in maintaining health of the woman. Also, parents can provide more attention and quality resources to the children.

Question 20. List four points of significance of reproductive health in a society. Name any two areas related to reproductive health which have improved over the past 50 years in our country. Answer: Significance of reproductive health in a society:

It prevents the spread of various sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS, syphilis, etc.
Individuals with sound reproductive health produce better offspring which have better chances of survival.,
Better sex education and awareness help to maintain the population and prevent a population explosion.
Unwanted and teen pregnancies can be avoided. The reproductive health in India has improved tremendously over the past 50 years.
Family planning
Mortality rate.

Question 21. List four categories of contraceptive methods. State in brief two advantages of adopting such preventive methods. Answer: The categories of contraceptive methods are:

Barrier method (Condoms)
Surgical method
Withdrawl method
Calendar method
Hormonal method
IUCD/Copper-T/Loop

Two advantages of adopting preventive methods are:

It helps in maintaining the health of women.
It helps in preventing STDs especially AIDS.
It helps in birth control.
Parents can give more attention to children.

Question 22. Name the reproductive parts of an angiosperm. Where are these parts located? Explain in brief the structure of its female reproductive parts. Answer: In an angiosperm, the male reproductive part is androecium or stamen and the female reproductive part is the gynoecium or carpel. These parts are located in the flower. The gynoecium (carpel) has three parts:

Stigma: It is the uppermost part which has a sticky surface to which pollen grain stick during pollination.
Style: It is the middle elongated part which connects the stigma to the ovary.
Ovary: It is the bottom swollen part in which female gametes are formed.

Question 23. (i) Name the following: (a) Threadlike non-reproductive structures present in Rhizopus. (b) ‘Blobs’ that develop at the tips of the non-reproductive threads in Rhizopus. (ii) Explain how these structures protect themselves and what is the function of the structures released from the ‘blobs’ in Rhizopus. Answer: (i) (a) Hyphae/mycelium, (b) Sporangia.

(ii) These structures are protected by thick walls. These structures germinate into new individuals under favourable conditions.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 2

Question 25. What is asexual reproduction? Write the process of budding in Hydra. Answer: Asexual reproduction is the mode of reproduction used by single organisms or parents without gamete production or fusion. In the process of budding in Hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division of reproductive cells at one specific site. These buds develop into tiny individuals, and when fully mature, detach from the parent body as new independent individuals.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 3

Question 28. What is regeneration? Give one example of an organism that shows this process and one organism that does not. Why does regeneration not occur in the latter? Answer: Regeneration is the ability of organisms to give rise to new individual organisms from their body partrs. Planaria show this process and Amoeba does not. Regeneration does not occur iş Amoeba because regeneration is carried out by specialised cells which are not present in non-regenerating organisms like Amoeba.

Question 29. Illustrate the following: (i) Spore formation in Rhizopus. (ii) Multiple fission in Plasmodium. Answer: (i) Spore formation in Rhizopus: This is an asexual method of reproduction in bacteria and fungi. Spores are unicellular bodies formed by cell division in a parent organism. After detaching from the parent, and if conditions are suitable, they germinate directly or indirectly into a new individual.

(ii) Multiple fission in Plasmodium: It is an asexual mode of reproduction in organisms. Here, the nucleus of the organism divides repeatedly to form a number of equal-sized daughter nuclei and each daughter nuclei breaks away together with a small portion of the cytoplasm.

Question 30. Illustrate the following with the help of suitable diagrams: Leaf of Bryophyllum with buds. Answer: Leaf of Bryophyllum shows vegetative propagation in plants where a part of the body becomes detached and develops into a new supporting plant. Here, leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum having plantlets along the leaf margins when grown in soil develops into a new plant.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 4

Question 33. In the context of reproduction of species state the main difference between fission and fragmentation. Also give one example of each. Answer: Fission is the method of asexual reproduction in unicellular forms of life. In this process the parent organism splits to form two or more daughter cells. Example, Amoeba and Plasmodium. Fragmentation is the process found in multicellular organisms. The filament breaks up into two or more pieces upon maturation. These pieces then grow into new individuals. Example, Spirogyra.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 6

Question 35. What are the various methods of vegetative propagation? Discuss any one method with example. Answer: The various methods of vegetative propagation are:

tissue culture.

Layering: In layering, roots are induced on the stem of a rooted plant. When roots develop, that part of stem is detached from the parent plant and grown in the soil. Layering is of two types:

(i) Mound layering: A lower branch of a rooted plant is bent and buried into the moist soil. The tip of the branch should remain above the ground. In a few days, the buried part of the branch develops roots. It is now cut off from the parent plant and grown in the soil as a new plant. This method is used in the propagation of grapevine, strawberry, raspberry, jasmine, etc.

(ii) Air layering: This method is used in plants like crotons whose branches cannot be bent and buried in the soil. The stem is girdled, i.e., a ring of bark is removed and then it is covered with a moist moss or cotton and enclosed in a polythene bag. After a few days, roots emerge from this region and branch is cut off from the parent plant. It can now be planted in the soil as a new plant. This method is used in rose, rubber plant, guavas, pear, apple, mangoes, etc.

Question 36. Explain the term ‘Regeneration’ as used in relation to reproduction of organisms. Describe briefly how regeneration is carried out in multicellular organisms like Hydra. Answer: Regeneration is the ability of an organism to give rise to a new organism or individual from their body parts. Each part of Hydra contains specialised cells which have the ability to proliferate.

When the body of Hydra by any means is cut into number of pieces, these pieces proliferate and make large number of cells. From this mass of cells, different cells undergo changes to become various cell types and tissues finally developing into a new organism.

Question 37. Explain four advantages of vegetative propagation. Answer:

New plants produced by vegetative propagation maintain the desirable characters of the parents. These plants are genetically identical.
Certain plants like banana, grapes, pineapple, roses, jasmine, etc., do not form seeds. Thus, this is the only method of reproduction and continuation of such species.
This method is cheap and can be easily employed to reproduce plants, especially fruit plants.
Only one parent is required for reproduction.

Question 38. Describe double fertilization in plants. Answer: Soon after pollination the pollen grains start germinating and form a pollen tube. The pollen tube grows within the style till it reaches the ovary.

On reaching the ovary it enters the ovule through an opening called micropyle. In the meantime, two male gametes are formed in the pollen tube. One of the male gametes fuses with the egg, the process is called syngamy. The product formed is termed as zygote. The other male gamete fuse with the two polar nuclei, one from each end of embryo sac, to form endosperm nucleus. This process is called triple fusion.

In this process three nuclei, two polar nuclei and one male gamete is involved, so it is called triple fusion. Thus, inside each embryo sac two fusions, i.e., syngamy and triple fusion take place. This mechanism of two fusions occuring in an embryonal sac is called double fertilisation. After fertilization, the ovule develops into seed and the ovary develops into a fruit.

Question 39. State the basic requirement for sexual reproduction ? Write the importance of such reproductions in nature. Answer: Formation of male and female gametes and fusion of gametes or syngamy is the basic requirement for sexual reproduciton. Importance: Combination of DNA from two different individuals lead to increase in genetic variation in the organism. This leads to diversity in the population which helps in natural selection.

Question 40. List any four steps involved in sexual reproduction and write its two advantages. Answer: Steps involved in sexual reproduction are as follows:

Formation of male and female gametes.
Transfer of male gamete to female gamete.
Fusion of gametes resulting in zygote formaton.
Zygote grows into an embryo forming a new individual.

Its advantages are:

It increases genetic variation.
It plays an important role in the origin of new species.
It promotes diversity in the offsprings.

Question 41. Mention secondary sexual characters in human male and female. Answer: Secondary sexual characters in male:

Hair growth on face, chest, armpit (axillae). and over pubis.
Voice becomes deep and hoarse due to growth of larynx called Adam’s apple.
Body becomes muscular.

Secondary sexual characters in female:

Growth of breasts and hair in axillae and over pubis.
Pelvis region becomes broad and buttocks become heavy due to deposition of fat.
Development of accessory sex orgAnswer:

Question 42. (a) Mention the ole of the following organs of human male reproductive system: (i) Testis; (ii) Scrotum; (iii) Vas deferens; (iv) Prostate glands. (b) What are the two roles of testosterone ? Answer: (a) (i) Testis: To produce male gametes. (ii) Scrotum: To provide optimal temperature to tęstis for the formation of sperm. (iii) Vas deferens: To deliver the sperms to the urinary bladder. (iv) Prostrate glands: To secrete the fluid which provides nutrition and medium for transport of sperms.

(b) Testosterone has following roles: (i) It regulates the formation of sperms. (ii) It brings about the changes in boys during adolescence.

Question 43. Explain how, offspring and parents of organisms reproducing sexually have the same number of chromosomes. Or How do organisms, whether reproduced asexually or sexually maintain a constant chromosome number through several generations ? Explain with the help of suitable example. Answer: During asexual reproduction organisms undergo only mitotic divisions. The DNA (in the chromosomes) of the cells involved are copied and then equally divided among the two daughter cells formed. Thus, chromosome number remains unchanged.

In sexual reproduction, organisms produce gametes through meiosis, which is called reductional division, in which the original number of chromosomes becomes half. These two gametes combine to form the zygote and the original number of chromosomes is restored.

For example, in humans, the parents (father and mother) each have 46 or, 23 pairs of chromosomes. In the gametes, the sperm has half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 23 and the egg also has 23 chromosomes. When the sperm and the egg fuse, the zygote has 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes. .

Thus, the chromosome number remains constant.

Question 44. What are the male and female gonads in human beings ? Mention their functions. Answer: The male gonads in human beings are a pair of testes. The testis lies in a sac outside the abdominal cavity called scrotum. The function of testis.is to regulate the production of sperms and secretion of male hromone, testosterone. The female gonads in human beings are pair of ovaries located in the abdominal cavity near the kidneys. The ovaries perform dual functions of production of female hormones-oestrogen and progesterone and the production of female gamete (ovum/ova).

Question 45. Name the two types of mammalian gametes. How are these different from each other ? Name the type of reproduction they are involved in. Write the advantage of this type of reproduction. Answer: Two types of mammalian gametes are sperm and ovum or egg. . Sperms are motile and are produced by male individuals whereas ova or eggs are non-motile and produced by female individuals. They are involved in sexual reproduction. Advantage: Sexual reproduction generates more variations among organisms.

Question 46. From the internet, gather information about the chromosome numbers of five animals and five plants. Correlate the number with the size of organism and answer the following questions: (i) Do larger organisms have more number of chromosomes/cells ? (ii) Can organisms with fewer chromosomes reproduce more easily than organisms with more number of chromosomes ? (iii) More the number of chromosomes/cells greater in the DNA content. Justify. Answer:

No, there is no relationship between size of organism and its chromosome number.
No, process of reproduction follows a common pattern and is not dependent on the number of chromosomes.
Yes, since the major component of chromosome is DNA, if there are more chromosomes in a cell, the quantity of DNA will also be more.

Question 47. What happens when:

Planaria gets cut into two pieces?
a mature Sporogyra filament attains considerable length ?
on maturation sporangia burst?
Each piece regenerates into a new Planaria.
Its filaments break into smaller pieces or fragments and each fragment gives rise to a new filament.
It releases spores which germinate into new mycelium in moist conditions.

Question 48. What happens when:

accidently, Planaria gets cut into many pieces ?
Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet soil ?
on maturation sporangia of Rhizopus bursts?
On getting cut into many pieces, each piece regenerates into new Planaria.
When leaf falls on the wet soil, buds are produced in leaf notches and develop into new plants.

Question 49. Mention the information source for making proteins in the cell. What is the basic event in reproduction? Answer: The DNA in the nucleus of a cell is the information source for making protiens. If the. information is changed, different protiens will be made. The basic even in reproduction is the creation of a DNA copy. Cells use chemical reactions to build copies of their DNĀ. This creats two copies of the DNA in a reproducing cell and they need to get separated from each other. DNA copying is accompanied by the creation of an additional cellular apparatus, and then the DNA copies separate, each with its own cellular apparatus.

Question 50. (i) Write the names of those parts of a flower which serve the same function as the following do in the animals: (a) Testis (b) Sperm (c) Ovary (d) Egg (ii) State the function of flowers in the flowering plants: Answer: (i) (a) Testis – anther (b) Sperm – pollen grains (c) Ovary – ovary (d) Egg – ovum

(ii) Flowers are responsible for sexual reproduction as they contain the reproductive organs of the plant.

Question 51. What are sexually transmitted diseases? List two examples of each disease caused due to: (i) bacterial infection (ii) viral infection. Which device or devices may be used to prevent the spread of such diseases? Answer: Diseases which are transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person due to unsafe sex are called sexually transmitted diseases.

Two examples: Bacterial diseases: Gonorrhoea and syphilis i Viral diseases: Warts and AIDS Preventive measures: Use of condoms or similar coverings.

Question 52. (i) Name any two sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). How do these infectious diseases spread from one person to another? Give two symptoms of STDs. (ii) Explain why fertilisation is possible if copulation takes place during the middle of menstrual cycle. Answer: (i) The two sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are gonorrhoea and syphilis. These infectious diseases spread from one person to another by sexual contact with an infected person. Two symptoms of STDs are burning sensation at urination and urethral discharge and sores in the genitals. (ii) Since ovulation, i.e., the release of ovum occurs on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle i.e., in its middle, chances are more for the sperms to fertilise the egg or oyum during this time:

Question 53. Write the full form of IUCD, AIDS, HIV, OC. Answer:

IUCD = Intra-Utreine-Contraceptive Device
AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
OC = Oral Contraceptive.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 7

Question 55. What is placenta ? Mention its role during pregnancy. or What is placenta ? Explain its function in humAnswer: Answer: Placenta is a special tissue connection between embryo and uterine wall. It acts as an endocrine gland. Role of placenta:

It possesses villi that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
It facilitates the passage of nutrition and oxygen to embryo from mother through blood.
Waste substances produced by embryo are removed through placenta into mother’s blood.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 8

Question 58. What are the functions of testis in the human male reproductive system ? Why are these located outside the abdominal cavity ? Who is responsible for bringing about changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty ? Answer: Functions of testis:

Production of sperms,
Production of male hormone/testosterone.

These are located outside the human body, as sperms needs lower temperature than the normal body temperature. Testosterone is responsible for bringing changes at the time of puberty in boys.

Question 59. What is contraception ? Name any two methods. How does the use of these methods have a direct effect on the health and prosperity of a family? State any three points. Answer: Any method which prevents conception or pregnancy is called contraception. . Barrier method, chemical method and surgical method are the different contraceptive methods. Use of these methods have direct effect on the health and prosper ty of a family because:

Health of women (mother) is maintained.
Parents can give more attention to their children.
More resources may be made available for improvement of standard of living.

Question 60. What are the permanent methods of family planning ? Write short notes on any two. Answer: Surgical methods are also called permanent method of family planning. Surgical meth ods are of two types: (i) Vasectomy: Small portion of the sperm duct is cut or tied properly. Therefore the sperm transfer will be prevented. (ii) Tubectomy: Small portion of oviduct is cut or tied properly. The fallopian tube in the female gets blocked.

How do Organisms Reproduce Extra Questions Long Answer Type

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 9

Question 2. What is multiple fission? How does it occur in an organism? Explain briefly. Name one organism which exhibits this type of reproduction. Answer: Multiple fission is the process of reproduction in which many daughter individuals are formed or produced from the parent cell. In this process, the nucleus divides repeatedly to produce large number of nuclei. Each nucleus gathers a bit of cytoplasm around itself and develops a membrane around each structure. Many daughter cells develop which on liberation grow into adult organisms. Plasmodium exhibits multiple of fission.

Question 3. (i) Describe asexual reproduction in Amoeba. (ii) How does sexual reproduction in plants takes place? Answer: (i) In Amoeba, asexual reproduction occurs by fission (binary and multiple). In Amoeba, nucleus first divides into two daughter nuclei by mitosis and then body along with the cytoplasm constricts from the middle, which gradually deepens and eventually divides into two individual parts, each part has one nucleus. Thus, two daughter Amoeba develop from one. This is called binary fission.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 10

The male reproductive organ ‘stamen’ makes the male gametes.
The female reproductive organ ‘carpel’ makes the female gametes.
The male gametes fertilise the female gametes.
The fertilised ovules grow and become seeds.
The seeds produce new plants under favourable conditions like presence of water warmth, air, light, etc.

How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 8 11

The other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei one from each end of embryo sac to form Ovary endosperm nucleus. This fusion is called triple fusion. The zygote grows into an embryo and an endosperm nucleus grows into endosperm (the food storage tissue of seed).

(ii) Sperms are produced much more in number than eggs because: (a) Eggs are non-motile whereas sperms are motile and they may be misdirected while they are travelling towards eggs. (b) Sperms may not be able to survive under external environmental conditions for long. (c) To increase the probability of fertilisation of eggs.

Question 5. Give one example each of unisexual and bisexual flowers. Differentiate between the two types of pollination that occur in flowers. What happens when a pollen lands on a suitable stigma ? Write about the events that occur till the seed formation in the ovary. Answer: Unisexual Flower: papaya, watermelon Bisexual Flower: hibiscus, rose The two types of pollination are self pollination and cross pollination. Self pollination: The pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or to the flower of the same plant. Cross pollination: The pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower of a different plant.

The following events takes place:

After pollen lands on a suitable stigma, a pollen tube grows out of pollen grain and travels through the style to reach the ovary.
The male germ cell fuses with the female germ cell to form a zygote.
The zygote divides several times to form an embryo within the ovule.
The ovule develops tough coat and gradually gets converted into a seed.

Question 6. (i) State in brief the functions of the following organs in the human female reproductive system: Ovary, Fallopian tube, Uterus (ii) What is menstruation ? Why does it occur? Answer: (i) Functions of ovary are:

Production of female gamete.
Production of female harmone.

Functions of fallopian tube are:

It is the site of fertilisation.
Transfer of female gamete from ovary takes place through it.

Functions of uterus are:

Implantation of zygote.
Nourishment of developing embryo.

(ii) Menstruation: It is the periodic breakdown of uterine lining and its removal along with blood and mucous in (post pubertal stage of a) human female.

Uterine lining is required to nourish the embryo that is formed if fertilisation takes place. In absence of fertilisation, the lining is not required and hence it sheds in the form of mensuration.

Question 7. Write the functions of the following in human female reproductive system: Ovary, oviduct, uterus How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body ? Explain in brief. Or (i) Write the functions of the following parts in human female reproductive system: (a) Ovary (b) Oviduct (c) Uterus (ii) Describe the structure and functions of placenta. Or List two functions of ovary of human female reproductive system. Answer: Ovary:

Production of female hormone (Oestrogen and progesterone).
Production of female gamete or egg.
Transfer of female gamete from the ovary
Site of fertilisation.
Implantation of zygote or embryo.
The embryo inside the mother’s body gets nourishment through the placenta.

The placenta is a special disc-like tissue embedded in the mother’s uterine wall and connected to the embryo. Placenta provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen, and nutrients to pass from the mother’s blood to the embryo.

Question 8. (i) Name the human male reproductive organ that produces sperms and also secretes a hormone. Write the functions of the secreted hormone. (ii) Name the parts of the human female reproductive system where (a) fertilisation takes place (b) implantation of the fertilised egg occurs. (iii) Explain how the embryo gets nourishment inside the mother’s body. Or (i) Name the organ that produces sperms as well as secretes a hormone in human males. Name the hormone it secretes and write its functions. (ii) Name the parts of the human female reproductive system where fertilization occurs. (iii) Explain how the developing embryo gets nourishment inside the mother’s body. Answer: (i) Testes produce sperms and secrete a hormone called testosterone. The function of testosterone is to control the development of male sex organs and secondary sexual features. (ii) (a) Oviduct or fallopian tubes (b) Uterus (iii) After implanation, a disc-like special tissue called placenta develops between the uterus wall and the embryo which helps in the exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products between the embryo and the mother.

Question 9. Reproduction is essentially a phenomenon that is not for survival of an individual but for the stability of a species. Justify. Answer: (a) Organisms need energy for survival which they obtain from life processes such as nutrition and respiration. (b) Reproduction needs a lot of energy. (c) Genetic material is transferred from one generation to the next as a result of reproduction through DNA copying. (d) DNA copying takes place with high constancy and considerable variations, that is, advantageous to the species for stability in the changing environment.

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How Do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions

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How Do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Questions With Answers
Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce. Case Study/Passage-Based Questions. Question 1: The male reproductive system consists of portions that produce the germ cells and other portions that deliver the germ cells to the site of fertilization.
Case Study Questions Class 10 Science How do Organisms Reproduce
CASE STUDY : 1. When a girl is born, the ovaries already contain thousands of immature eggs. On reaching puberty, some of these start maturing. One egg is produced every month by one of the ovaries. The egg is carried from the ovary to the womb through a thin oviduct or fallopian tube. The two oviducts unite into an elastic bag-like structure ...
Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8
Case Study Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce. In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason.There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.
CBSE 10th Science How do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Questions 2021
CBSE 10th Standard Science Subject How do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Questions 2021 Answer Keys. (i) (d): In barrier methods of preventing pregnancy, the physical devices such as condom and diaphragm are used. Condoms are rubber tubes used by males whereas diaphragm are rubber cups used by females. (ii) (c): Physical barriers prevent the ...
10th Science How do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Questions & Answers
Sycon. (d) All of these. (ii) Select the correct statement. (a) Organism X reproduces asexually whereas organism Y reproduces sexually. (b) Organism X must be multicellular whereas organism Y should be unicellular. (c) Both organisms X and Y reproduce asexually. (d) Both organisms X and Yare always multicellular organisms.
How Do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Based Questions Class 10
Students who are studying in CBSE class 10 board, need to get the knowledge about the How Do Organisms Reproduce Case Study Based Questions. Case based questions are generally based on the seen passages from the chapter How Do Organisms Reproduce. Through solving the case based questions, students can understand each and every concept.
Case Study Chapter 8 How do the Organisms Reproduce
Case Study Questions Chapter 8 How do the Organisms Reproduce. Case/Passage - 1. When the branches of a plant growing in the field are pulled towards the ground and a part of them is covered with moistsoil (leaving the tips of the branches exposed above the ground), then after sometime new roots develop from the parts of branches buried in ...
Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Case Based Questions
The Case Based Questions: How do Organisms Reproduce? is an invaluable resource that delves deep into the core of the Class 10 exam. These study notes are curated by experts and cover all the essential topics and concepts, making your preparation more efficient and effective.
How do Organisms Reproduce?
CBSE Exam, class 10. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket
How Do Organisms Reproduce? Case Study Questions (CSQ's)
Case Study Questions (CSQ's) Select the number of questions for the test: TopperLearning provides a complete collection of case studies for CBSE Class 10 Biology How Do Organisms Reproduce? chapter. Improve your understanding of biological concepts and develop problem-solving skills with expert advice.
Assertion Reason and Case Study Questions
Assertion Reason and Case Study Questions on How do Organisms Reproduce chapter will be discussed in this video by Educator Upasana Mongia for Class 10. Watc... CBSE Exam, class 10
CBSE Class 10 Biology How Do Organisms Reproduce Important Questions
Assertion: Sexual reproduction involves two parents of different sexes, a male and a female. Reason: Male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote in sexual reproduction. Assertion: In internal ...
CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce ...
Ans: Fusion of male gamete with the egg cell is called syngamy. 10. Name the structure through which pollen tubes enter the ovule. Ans: Pollen tubes enter the ovule through stigma. 11. A common feature of reproduction in Amoeba, spirogyra and yeast is that -. Asexual reproduction occurs after sexual reproduction.
How Do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Science Extra Questions with Answers
Answer: The DNA in the cell nucleus is the information source of making proteins. The two basic events in reproduction are: (i) Creation of a DNA copy, (ii) Additional cellular apparatus by the cell involved in the process. Question 4: State the method used for growing rose plants.
How do organisms reproduce?: Quiz 1
Quiz 1. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce
All these modes are the asexual modes of of reproduction. Mutlicellular organisms prefer sexual mode of reproduction over asexual mode. This chapter explains you the sexual mode of reproduction in plants and animals. The Class 10 NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce includes all the intext and exercise questions.
Chapter 8 -How do Organisms Reproduce?
Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce is provided here for students to help them prepare effectively for the board exam. By practising these questions, students will have a good revision. They will go through the important topics of Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce. Also, they get a good idea of the ...
How Do Organisms Reproduce?
It includes Multiple Choice Questions, Case-based Questions, Assertion-Reasoning Questions, and even Source-Based Questions to help the students undergo an intelligent preparation process. The intent of these questions is to facilitate self-practice. They will test your ability to apply what you have learned rather than testing your memory.
Important Question for Class 10 Science How Do Organisms Reproduce
Important Questions of How Do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Science Chapter 8. Question 1. Newly formed DNA copies may not be identical at times. Give one reason. (AI2017) Answer: When a cell reproduces, DNA replication occurs which results in formation of two similar copies of DNA.
How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Important Questions ...
Answer: The organisms which have both male and female reproductive system within the same organism called bisexual organisms. For example: earthworm, leech, starfish etc. 11. Name those parts of the flower which server the same function as the following do in the animals. (i) Testis (ii) Ovary (iii) Eggs (iv) Sperms.
CBSE Science Grade 10 How Do Organisms Reproduce? Practice Questions
How do Organisms Reproduce? Heredity and Evolution. Light: Reflection and Refraction. Human Eye and the Colourful World. Electricity. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current.
How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers
Name the causative agent of the disease 'Kala-azar' and its mode of asexual reproduction. Answer: The causative agent of Kala-azar is Leishmania and the mode of asexual reproduction is binary fission. Question 33. Name the parts of a bisexual flower that are not directly involved in reproduction.
How Do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Important Questions ...
The How Do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Important Questions with Solutions PDF is a great study tool but, to use it students should know some do's and don'ts so that they can use them properly. Do's. Don'ts. Refer to the How Do Organisms Reproduce Important Questions with Solutions as often as possible to practise questions.