simulink assignment block matrix

Assign values to specified elements of a signal

Math Operations

The Assignment block assigns values to specified elements of the signal connected to its U1 port. You can specify the indices of the elements to be assigned values either by entering the indices in the block's dialog box or by connecting an external indices source or sources to the block. You specify the values to be assigned to the signal at U1 by connecting a values signal to the Assignment block's U2 port. The block replaces the specified elements of U1 with elements from U2, leaving unassigned elements unchanged, and outputs the result.

You can use the block to assign values to scalar, vector, or matrix signals.

To assign values to a scalar or vector signal, set the block's Input Type parameter to Vector . The block's dialog box displays a Source of element indices parameter. You can specify the indices source as Internal or External . If you select Internal , the block dialog box displays an Elements field. Use this field to enter the element indices. If you specify External as the source of element indices, the block displays an input port named E. Connect an external index source to this port. The index source can specify any of the following values as indices:

-1 (internal source only)
Replaces every element of U1 with the corresponding element of U2.
Index of a single element specified as a positive integer
Assigns a value to the specified element of U1, leaving the values of all the other elements unchanged.
A set of indices specified as a vector
Replaces the specified set of elements of U1 with elements of U2.

The width of the values signal connected to U2 must be the same as the width of the indices vector. For example, if the indices vector contains two indices, U2 must be a two-element vector of values. The block assigns the first element of U2 to the element of U1 specified by the first index, the second element of U2 to the U1 element specified by the second index, and so on.

To assign values to a matrix signal, set the Input Type parameter to Matrix . If you specify the Input Type of the Assignment block as Matrix , the block's dialog box displays a Source of row indices parameter and a Source of column indices parameter. You can specify either or both of these parameters as Internal or External . If you specify the row and/or column index source as internal, the block displays a Rows and/or Columns field. Enter the row or column indices of the elements of U1 to be assigned values into the corresponding field. If you specify the row and/or column index source as External, the block displays an input port labeled R and/or an input port labeled C. Connect an external source of indices to each indices port.

A row or column indices source can have any of the following values:

Specifies all rows or columns of U1.
Single row or index value
Specifies a single row or column of U1.
Vector of row or column indices
Specifies a set of rows or columns of U1.

The block assigns values from U2 to the specified elements of U1 in column-major order. In particular, the block assigns the first element of the first row of U2 to the first specified element in the first specified row in U1. It assigns the second element of the first row of U2 to the second specified element of the first specified row of U1, and so on.

To enable all specified elements to be assigned values, U2 must be an N -by- M matrix where N is the width of the row indices vector and M is the width of the column indices vector. For example, suppose that you specify a vector of row indices of size 2 and a vector of column indices of size 4. Then U2 must be a 2-by-4 matrix signal.

When determining the dimensions of U2, count a single row or column index as a vector of size 1 and -1 as equivalent to a vector of indices of the same width as the row or dimension size of U1. For example, suppose your row and column index sources specify a single row index and two column indices. Then U2 must by a 1-by-2 matrix.

The Assignment block accepts signals of any data type, including fixed-point data types.

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Guidelines for Using Assignment Blocks to Write Elements in Vectors, Matrices, and 3-D Arrays

Follow these guidelines when writing input signals to an element in a vector, matrix, or 3-D array signal.

Each guideline has a severity level that indicates the level of compliance requirements. To learn more, see HDL Modeling Guidelines Severity Levels .

Guideline ID

Recommended

Description

You can use the Assignment block to write input signals to an element in a vector, matrix, or 3-D array signal. For HDL code generation, use these block parameter settings:

Number of output dimensions : Set this parameter to 1 when the output is a vector, 2 for a 2-D array, or 3 for a 3-D array.

Index mode : Use zero-based indexing so that the generated code matches the model.

Initialize output (Y) : Set this parameter to Initialize using input port <Y0> , which initializes the output with the signal at the input port Y0 . You cannot use the Specify size for each dimension in table setting for HDL code generation. To enable this parameter, set Index Option to Index vector (port) or Starting index (port) for one or more dimensions.

Index option :

When using an Assignment block that has a variable index for an application such as register bank usage, choose a port-related setting, such as Index Vector (port) . For a fixed index, select from dialog-related settings, such as Index vector (dialog) .

When assigning individual values to multiple elements of the output port Y , use a input signal with the same size as the elements specified by setting of the Index option parameter.

When assigning the same value to multiple elements, use a scalar input signal regardless the setting of the Index option parameter.

Model a Register Bank by Using Assignment Block

This example shows how to model a register bank by using the Assignment block. The model in this figure contains an Assignment block that has variable index, a Delay block, and a Reshape block. To model as a register bank, the model employs a feedback loop from the output of the Reshape block to the input signal, Y0 , of the Assignment block Y0 . By specifying a scalar value to the input signal U as the register value and limiting the index from the port to one write address, the model behaves as a register bank. When you specify multiple elements to the input Idx1 , the model simultaneously rewrites the elements in the output signals.

In the figure, when the column vector output [16;17;18;19] from the Delay block is input as the Y0 value, a column vector [20;21] with two elements is input to the write input signal U . Because the start index of Idx1 is 0 , the input signal U overwrites the 0th to 1st element of Y0 , and the output signal Y becomes the column vector [20;21;18;19] . The Delay block outputs signal Y when the Write En signal is valid, or otherwise holds previous value.

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Add Blocks to Models

A basic model takes an input signal, operates on the signal, and visualizes or logs the output. You can use blocks to generate or import an input signal, modify the signal, and plot the output signal or pass it to a workspace.

If you are unsure of which blocks to add to create your model, see Explore Available Blocks Using Library Browser .

Add Blocks to Models Using Quick Insert Menu

To add a block using the quick insert menu:

At the location where you want to add the block, double-click the Simulink ® canvas.

Enter the name of the block that you want to add, or search for it by entering keywords.

In the list of search results, select the block you want to add using the arrow keys, then press Enter .

There can be multiple blocks with the same name that belong to different libraries. In each search result, the library appears below the block name. Check the library to make sure you choose the block you want to add.

The Quick insert menu has the search term "sine" in the search box. The list of search results is below the search box, with the entry for the Sine Wave block from the Simulink/Sources library highlighted in blue.

To add a block to the unconnected end of a signal line:

Move your pointer over the end of the signal line. When your pointer is over the end of the signal line, it becomes a circle.

A signal line is connected to a Gain block on one end, and unconnected on the other end. The pointer paused on the unconnected end of the signal line is a circle.

Double-click the end of the signal line.

Using the quick insert menu that appears, add the block. The new block is connected to the end of the signal line that you double-clicked.

Add Blocks to Models Using Library Browser

To add a block using the Library Browser:

To open the Library Browser, in the Simulink Toolstrip, on the Simulation tab, in the Library section, click Library Browser .

You can either do a keyword search for the block that you want to add or look for the block by navigating the Library Browser tree.

To do a keyword search, in the Library Browser, in the search box, enter a keyword or key phrase, then press Enter . The search results appear in the Search Results tab. For more information, see Search for Library Items by Keyword .

To return to the Library Browser tree after a keyword search, click the Library tab.

When you have found the block that you want to add, click and drag it from the Library tab or the Search Results tab to the Simulink canvas.

To add the block to the model, you can also do one of these actions:

Right-click the block in the Library Browser and select Add block to model .

Select the block and press Ctrl + I .

For more information about the Library Browser, see Library Browser .

Library Browser with the Library Browser button in the Simulink Toolstrip, the Library Browser tree, the search box, and the Library tab labeled

Explore Available Blocks Using Library Browser

If you are unsure of which block you want to add, you can explore the available blocks using the Library Browser.

To explore the available blocks, expand the libraries in the tree. If you are looking for a block that:

Generates an input signal, try expanding the Simulink Library and then the Sources sublibrary.

You can use a From Workspace block to import data from the workspace. You can use a From File block to import data from a file.

Operates on one or more signals, try expanding the Simulink Library, and then the Commonly Used Blocks or the Math Operations sublibrary.

For example, if you want to add two signals together, you can use the Add block from the Math Operations sublibrary.

Outputs the simulation results, try expanding the Simulink Library, and then the Sinks sublibrary.

You can use a Scope block to plot the simulation results. You can use a To Workspace block to pass simulation results to the workspace. You can use a To File block to save simulation results to a file.

Library Browser | Library Browser in Standalone Mode

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Iterated Assignment with the Assignment Block

The iterator generates indices for the Assignment block. On the first iteration, the Assignment block copies the first input (Y0) to the output (Y) and assigns the second input (U) to the output Y(E1). On successive iterations, the Assignment block assigns the current value of U to Y(Ei), that is, without first copying Y0 to Y. These actions occur in a single time step.

For Iterator Subsystem | For Iterator | Assignment

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Arithmetic Operations on Matrix Signals

This example shows how to perform arithmetic operations on signals carrying matrix and vector data.

In this example, the model performs a series of matrix operations on the input matrices and vectors to transform a system with state-space representation to its controllable canonical form, also known as phase variable form. The phase variable form provides a simplified representation of the system that eases the controllability analysis and helps in model reduction.

The canonicalform model contains the following components that show different mathematical operations.

Multiplication

Canonical Form

Open the model.

The Input data component represents the input matrix and vectors in state-space form.

x ˙ = A x + B u

y = C x + D u

In this example, A is 3-by-3 matrix that represents the system, B is 3-by-1 input vector, C is 3-by-1 output vector, and the model assumes D to be 0.

The controllability matrix for the state-space system is defined as:

Q = [ B A B A 2 B . . . . . A n - 1 B ] , where n represents the number of states.

The Multiplication component computes the controllability matrix Q from the state-space system.

Multiplication operations for controllability matrix Q.

Controllable Canonical Form

The model modifies the state-space equation using the substitution x = P - 1 z and D = 0 as:

z ˙ = P A P - 1 z + P B u

y = C P - 1 z

In these equations, P = [ P 1 P 1 A P 1 A 2 ] , where P 1 is the last row of Q i n v . The Inverse component computes the inverse of the controllability matrix Q and transformation matrix P .

The equation is further simplified as:

z ˙ = A 0 + B 0 u

where A 0 = P A P - 1 , B 0 = P B , and C 0 = C P - 1 .

The Canonical Form component computes the canonical form of the state-space system.

Simulate the model and visualize A 0 , B 0 , C 0 using Display blocks.

Inverse operations and substitutions renders the canonical form.

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Extras: Simulink Basics Tutorial - Block Libraries

Commonly used blocks, discontinuities, logic and bit operations, math operations.

Simulink contains a large number of blocks from which models can be built. These blocks are arranged in Block Libraries which are accessed in the Simulink library browser window shown below

Each icon in the main Simulink window can be double clicked to bring up the corresponding block library. Blocks in each library can then be dragged into a model window to build a model.

Commonly Used Blocks are used to list a lot of blocks which are usually used. Double-click on the Commonly Used Blocks icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Commonly Used window.

Bus Creator

The Bus Creator block combines a set of signals into a bus.

Bus Selector

The Bus Selector block outputs a specified subset of the elements of the bus at its input. The block can output the specified elements as separate signals or as a new bus.

The Constant block generates a real or complex constant value. The constant output value is displayed in the middle of the block, with a default value of 1.

In order to examine these blocks, create a new model window (select New from the File menu in the Simulink window or hit Ctrl+N ).

To use this block, drag it from the Commonly Used Blocks window into your new model window.

To change the constant output value, double-click on the block in your model window to bring up the following dialog box.

Change the constant value field from 1 to some other value, say, 5, and close the dialog box. Your model window will reflect the update by displaying a 5 in the middle of the constant block.

Data Type Conversion

The Data Type Conversion block converts an input signal of any Simulink data type to the data type you specify for the Output data type parameter. The input can be any real- or complex-valued signal.

The Delay block delays an input u according to the Delay length parameter, which you specify on the dialog box, or a delay length that a signal supplies to the input port. This block is equivalent to the z-1 discrete-time operator.

Demux , Mux

The Mux (Multiplexer) block is used to combine two or more scalar signals into a single vector signal. Similarly, a Demux (Demultiplexer) block breaks a vector signal into scalar signal components. The number of vector components must be specified in each case. For an example of the use of a Mux block see the Bus Suspension Modeling in Simulink example.

Discrete-Time Integrator

This is the discrete time approximation of a continuous-time integrator. The approximation method can be specified as well as the initial condition and saturation limits.

The Gain block multiplies the input by a constant value (gain). The input and the gain can each be a scalar, vector, or matrix.

The Ground block connects to blocks whose input ports do not connect to other blocks.

Inport blocks are the links from outside a system into the system.

The output of the Integrator is the integral of the input. An initial condition can be specified, as well as saturation limits. This block is very useful for modeling systems in Simulink .

Logical Operator

The Logical Operator block performs the specified logical operation on its inputs. An input value is TRUE (1) if it is nonzero and FALSE (0) if it is zero.

Outport blocks are the links from a system to a destination outside the system.

By default, the Product block outputs the result of multiplying two inputs: two scalars, a scalar and a nonscalar, or two nonscalars that have the same dimensions.

Relational Operator

By default, the Relational Operator block compares two inputs using the Relational operator parameter that you specify. The first input corresponds to the top input port and the second input to the bottom input port.

The Saturation block imposes upper and lower limits on an input signal.

The Scope block displays inputs signals with respect to simulation time.

A Subsystem block represents a subsystem of the system that contains it. The Subsystem block can represent a virtual subsystem or a nonvirtual subsystem.

The Sum block performs addition or subtraction on its inputs. This block can add or subtract scalar, vector, or matrix inputs. It can also collapse the elements of a signal.

The Switch block passes through the first input or the third input based on the value of the second input. The first and third inputs are called data inputs. The second input is called the control input.

Use the Terminator block to cap blocks whose output ports do not connect to other blocks.

Vector Concatenate

The Concatenate block concatenates the signals at its inputs to create an output signal whose elements reside in contiguous locations in memory.

Continuous Blocks are elements of continuous-time dynamic systems. Double-click on the Continuous icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Continuous window.

The output is equal to the derivative of the input.

Integrator Limited

The Integrator Limited block is identical to the Integrator block with the exception that the output of the block is limited based on the upper and lower saturation limits.

Integrator, Second-Order , Integrator, Second-Order Limited

The Second-Order Integrator block and the Second-Order Integrator Limited block solve the second-order initial value problem

PID Controller

The PID Controller block output is a weighted sum of the input signal, the integral of the input signal, and the derivative of the input signal. The weights are the proportional, integral, and derivative gain parameters.

PID Controller (2DOF)

The PID Controller (2DOF) block generates an output signal based on the difference between a reference signal and a measured system output.

State Space

A, B, C, and D matrices can be specified to create a LTI state space system. Inputs and outputs may be vector signals depending on the sizes of the matrices.

Transfer Function

Numerator and denominator polynomials can be specified to create a standard SISO LTI system transfer function.

Transport Delay

The Transport Delay block delays the input by a specified amount of time. You can use this block to simulate a time delay. The input to this block should be a continuous signal.

Variable Time Delay , Variable Transport Delay

The Variable Transport Delay and Variable Time Delay appear as two blocks in the Simulink block library. However, they are the same Simulink block with different settings of a Select delay type parameter. Use this parameter to specify the mode in which the block operates.

The Zero-Pole block models a system that you define with the zeros, poles, and gain of a Laplace-domain transfer function. This block can model single-input single output (SISO) and single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems.

Discontinuities Blocks are elements of discontinuous-time dynamic systems. Most of these have special-purpose applications and will not be used in the tutorials. Only the most relevant Discontinuities blocks will be discussed here. Double-click on the Discontinuities icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Discontinuities window.

The Backlash block implements a system in which a change in input causes an equal change in output. . However, when the input changes direction, an initial change in input has no effect on the output.

Coulomb & Viscous Friction

The Coulomb and Viscous Friction block models Coulomb (static) and viscous (dynamic) friction. The block models a discontinuity at zero and a linear gain otherwise.

The Dead Zone block generates zero output within a specified region, called its dead zone.

Dead Zone Dynamic

The Dead Zone Dynamic block dynamically bounds the range of the input signal, providing a region of zero output.

Hit Crossing

The Hit Crossing block detects when the input reaches the Hit crossing offset parameter value in the direction specified by the Hit crossing direction property.

The Quantizer block passes its input signal through a stair-step function so that many neighboring points on the input axis are mapped to one point on the output axis.

Rate Limiter

The Rate Limiter block limits the first derivative of the signal passing through it. The output changes no faster than the specified limit.

Rate Limiter Dynamic

The Rate Limiter Dynamic block limits the rising and falling rates of the signal.

The Relay block allows its output to switch between two specified values. When the relay is on, it remains on until the input drops below the value of the Switch off point parameter. When the relay is off, it remains off until the input exceeds the value of the Switch on point parameter. The block accepts one input and generates one output.

Saturation Dynamic

The Saturation Dynamic block bounds the range of an input signal to upper and lower saturation values.

Wrap To Zero

The Wrap To Zero block sets the output to zero when the input is above the Threshold value. However, the block outputs the input when the input is less than or equal to the Threshold.

Discrete Blocks are elements of discrete time dynamic systems. Double-click on the Discrete icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Discrete window.

The Unit Delay block holds and delays its input by the sample period you specify.

The Difference block outputs the current input value minus the previous input value.

Discrete Derivative

The Discrete Derivative block computes an optionally scaled discrete time derivative.

Discrete Filter

This is a discrete-time filter in rational function form. Vectors containing coefficients of the polynomials in z^-1 are specified.

Discrete FIR Filter

The Discrete FIR Filter block independently filters each channel of the input signal with the specified digital FIR filter. The block can implement static filters with fixed coefficients, as well as time-varying filters with coefficients that change over time.

Discrete PID Controller

The Discrete PID Controller block output is a weighted sum of the input signal, the discrete-time integral of the input signal, and the discrete-time derivative of the input signal. The weights are the proportional, integral, and derivative gain parameters.

Discrete PID Controller (2DOF)

The Discrete PID Controller (2DOF) block generates an output signal based on the difference between a reference signal and a measured system output.

Discrete State-Space

This is a discrete-time dynamic system in state-space form. A, B, C, and D matrices can be specified, as well as initial conditions.

The output of this block is the discrete-time integration of the input signal. The integration methods can be Forward Euler, Backward Euler, etc.

Discrete Transfer Fcn

This is the standard form of a SISO LTI discrete time system. The transfer function polynomials are represented as coefficient vectors in terms of z.

Discrete Zero-Pole

A discrete-time transfer function can be represented as list of z-plane poles and zeros. The gain can also be specified.

Enabled Delay

This block delays the input signal by a specified number of samples. The block is considered enabled when the input to the enable port is nonzero, and is disabled when the input is 0.

First-Order Hold

The First-Order Hold block implements a first-order sample-and-hold that operates at the specified sampling interval. This block has little value in practical applications and is included primarily for academic purposes.

The Memory block holds and delays its input by one integration time step. This block accepts and outputs continuous signals. The block accepts one input and generates one output. Each signal can be scalar or vector.

Resettable Delay

The Resettable Delay block delays the input signal by a variable sample period and resets with external signal.

Tapped Delay

The Tapped Delay block delays an input by the specified number of sample periods and outputs all the delayed versions. Use this block to discretize a signal in time or resample a signal at a different rate.

Transfer Fcn First Order

The Transfer Fcn First Order block implements a discrete-time first order transfer function of the input. The transfer function has a unity DC gain.

Transfer Fcn Lead or Lag

The Transfer Fcn Lead or Lag block implements a discrete-time lead or lag compensator of the input. The instantaneous gain of the compensator is one, and the DC gain is equal to (1-z)/(1-p), where z is the zero and p is the pole of the compensator.

Transfer Fcn Real Zero

The Transfer Fcn Real Zero block implements a discrete-time transfer function that has a real zero and effectively no pole.

Variable Integer Delay

The Variable Integer Delay block delays the input signal by a variable sample period.

Zero-Order Hold

The Zero-Order Hold block holds its input for the sample period you specify. The block accepts one input and generates one output. Each signal can be scalar or vector.

Logic and Bit Operations Blocks are used to perform logic and bit operations. Double-click on the Logic and Bit Operations icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Logic and Bit Operations window.

The Bit Clear block sets the specified bit, given by its index, of the stored integer to zero.

The Bit Set block sets the specified bit of the stored integer to one.

Bitwise Operator

The Bitwise Operator block performs the bitwise operation that you specify on one or more operands.

Combinatorial Logic

The Combinatorial Logic block implements a standard truth table for modeling programmable logic arrays (PLAs), logic circuits, decision tables, and other Boolean expressions.

Compare To Constant

The Compare To Constant block compares an input signal to a constant.

Compare To Zero

The Compare To Zero block compares an input signal to zero.

Detect Change

The Detect Change block determines if an input does not equal its previous value.

Detect Decrease

The Detect Decrease block determines if an input is strictly less than its previous value.

Detect Fall Negative

The Detect Fall Negative block determines if the input is less than zero, and its previous value was greater than or equal to zero.

Detect Fall Nonpositive

The Detect Fall Nonpositive block determines if the input is less than or equal to zero, and its previous value was greater than zero.

Detect Increase

The Detect Increase block determines if an input is strictly greater than its previous value.

Detect Rise Nonnegative

The Detect Rise Nonnegative block determines if the input is greater than or equal to zero, and its previous value was less than zero.

Detect Rise Positive

The Detect Rise Positive block determines if the input is strictly positive, and its previous value was nonpositive.

Extract Bits

The Extract Bits block allows you to output a contiguous selection of bits from the stored integer value of the input signal.

Interval Test

The Interval Test block outputs TRUE if the input is between the values specified by the Lower limit and Upper limit parameters.

Interval Test Dynamic

The Interval Test Dynamic block outputs TRUE if the input is between the values of the external signals up and lo. The block outputs FALSE if the input is outside those values. The output of the block when the input is equal to the signal up or the signal lo is determined by whether the boxes next to Interval closed on left and Interval closed on right are selected in the dialog box.

The Logical Operator block performs the specified logical operation on its inputs.

The Relational Operator block compares two inputs using the Relational Operator parameter that you specify. The first input corresponds to the top input port and the second input to the bottom input port.

Shift Arithmetic

The Shift Arithmetic block can shift the bits or the binary point of an input signal, or both.

Math Operations Blocks are used to Perform math operations. Double-click on the Math Operations icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Math Operations window.

The Abs block outputs the absolute value of the input.

Algebraic Constraint

The Algebraic Constraint block constrains the input signal f(z) to zero and outputs an algebraic state z.

The Assignment block assigns values to specified elements of the signal.

The Bias block adds a bias, or offset, to the input signal according to

where U is the block input and Y is the output.

Complex to Magnitude-Angle

The Complex to Magnitude-Angle block accepts a complex-valued signal of type double or single.

Complex to Real-Image

The Complex to Real-Imag block accepts a complex-valued signal of any data type that Simulink supports, including fixed-point data types.

The Divide block outputs the result of dividing its first input by its second.

Dot Product

The output is equal to the dot product of two vector signals.

The Find block locates all nonzero elements of the input signal and returns the linear indices of those elements.

Magnitude-Angle to Complex

The Magnitude-Angle to Complex block converts magnitude and phase angle inputs to a complex output.

Math Function

The Math Function block performs numerous common mathematical functions.

The MinMax block outputs either the minimum or the maximum element or elements of the inputs.

MinMax Running Resettable

The MinMax Running Resettable block outputs the minimum or maximum of all past inputs u.

Permute Dimensions

The block reorders the elements of the input signal so that they are in the order you specify in the Order parameter.

You define a set of polynomial coefficients in the form that the MATLAB polyval command accepts. The block evaluates P(u) at each time step for the input u.

The output is equal to the product of the inputs. The number of inputs can be specified.

Product of Elements

The Product of Elements block inputs one scalar, vector, or matrix.

Real-Imag to Complex

The Real-Imag to Complex block converts real and/or imaginary inputs to a complex-valued output signal.

Reciprocal Sqrt

The Reciprocal Sqrt block gives the reciprocal of the square root of the input.

The Reshape block changes the dimensionality of the input signal to a dimensionality that you specify, using the block's Output dimensionality parameter.

Rounding Function

The Rounding Function block applies a rounding function to the input signal to produce the output signal.

Signed Sqrt

The Signed Sqrt block gives the square root of the absolute value of the input, multiplied by the sign of the input.

Sine Wave Function

This block is the same as the Sine Wave block that appears in the Sources library.

Slider Gain

This multiplies the input by a scalar constant which is specified by moving a slider on the screen as shown below. The limits of the slider can be specified.

The Sqrt block gives the square root of the input.

The Squeeze block removes singleton dimensions from its multidimensional input signal.

Sum, Add, Subtract, Sum of Elements

Vector Concatenate, Matrix Concatenate

Sink Blocks are used to display or output signals. Double-click on the Sinks icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Sinks window.

Notice that all of the sink blocks have inputs and no outputs. Most have a single input.

The Display Sink Block is a digital readout of a signal at the current simulation time.

Out Bus Element

The Out Bus Element block specifies an element of a bus (or entire bus) for the output port of the subsystem.

The Scope Sink Block was described earlier. It is used to display a signal as a function of time.

Stop Simulation

This is a special control block which is triggered to stop the current simulation when its input is non-zero.

The To File Sink Block saves a signal to a .mat file in the same way that the From File Source Block reads from a file. The sampling time can be specified, but is not necessary.

To Workspace

The To Workspace Sink Block stores a signal in a specified workspace variable. Unlike the To File Sink Block, the time is not saved in the variable, and must be stored separately.

The XY Graph Sink Block plots one signal against another. It is useful for phase-plane plots, etc.

Source Blocks are used to generate signals. Double-click on the Sources icon in the main Simulink window to bring up the Sources window.

Notice that all of the source blocks have a single output and no inputs. While parameters in each of these blocks in the library can be modified by double-clicking the block, it is best to not modify the blocks until they have been copied into a model window.

Band-Limited White Noise

The Band-Limited White Noise Source Block generates a random signal which changes at a specified sample period. The strength of the signal and a random number seed can also be specified.

Chirp Signal

The Chirp Signal Source Block generates a sinusoidal signal which scans over a range of frequencies. The initial and final frequencies as well as the scan time can be specified. The amplitude is always 1, and the chirp signal repeats itself after each frequency scan.

The Clock Source Block generates a signal equal to the current time in the simulation. This is useful when the output of a simulation is exported to MATLAB but occurs at uneven time steps. The clock's output reflects the times at which the other signals outputs occur.

Counter Free-Running

The Counter Free-Running block counts up until reaching the maximum value,

$2^{Nbits}-1$

Counter Limited

The Counter Limited block counts up until the specified upper limit is reached. Then the counter wraps back to zero, and restarts counting up.

Digital Clock

The Digital Clock Source Block generates a strictly periodic time signal at a specified sampling interval.

Enumerated Constant

The Enumerated Constant block outputs a scalar, array, or matrix of enumerated values.

The From File Source Block outputs a signal taken from a specified .mat file. A matrix saved in MATLAB as a .mat file will become a signal where the first row of the matrix specifies the time values. This is similar to the Repeating Sequence Source Block.

From Spreadsheet

The block reads data values from a spreadsheet. It interprets the first column as time and the first row and the remaining columns as signals.

From Workspace

The From Workspace Source Block is identical to the From File Source Block except the values are taken from a variable (or expression) in the MATLAB Workspace.

In Bus Element

The block selects an element from a bus (or the entire bus) that is connected to the input port of the subsystem.

Pulse Generator

The Pulse Generator Source Block generates a pulse train of varying duty cycle. The signal switches between 0 and the specified value starting at a particular time. The Period, Duty Cycle, Amplitude, and Start Time can be specified.

The Ramp Source Block generates a signal which is initially constant and begins to increase (or decrease) at a constant rate at a specified time. The slope, start time, and initial output can be specified.

Random Number

The Random Number Source Block generates a sequence of random numbers generated with the specified random number seed. Because of the seed, the same sequence can be applied to more than one simulation.

Repeating Sequence

An arbitrary set of points (t,y) can be specified. These points are entered as a vector specifying the time values, and a vector specifying the corresponding output values at those times. The output is linearly interpolated between the specified time values. At the last time value, the output immediately starts over, possibly with a discontinuous transition.

Repeating Sequence Interpolated

The Repeating Sequence Interpolated block outputs a discrete-time sequence and then repeats it.

Repeating Sequence Stair

The Repeating Sequence Stair block outputs and repeats a stair sequence that you specify with the Vector of output values parameter.

Waveform Generator

The Waveform Generator block outputs waveforms based on signal notations that are entered in the Waveform Definition table .

Signal Generator

The Signal Generator Source Block is a general-purpose source which encompasses some of the other blocks' functions. It generates periodic waveforms such as sine, square, and sawtooth waves as well as a random signal. Drag this block from the Sources window to your model window.

By default, the Signal Generator generates a sine wave with an amplitude of 1 and a frequency of 1 Hz. To change this, double-click the Signal Generator in your model window to bring up the following dialog box.

The Amplitude and Frequency can be changed in this dialog box, as well as the type of waveform. To change the waveform, click on the Waveform field to bring up a list of possible waveforms.

The desired waveform can be selected from this list.

The Sine Wave Source Block generates a sinusoidal signal. The Amplitude and Frequency can be specified, as well as the Phase (unlike the Signal Generator). There is a fourth parameter, the Sample Time, which can be used to force the Sine Wave Source to operate in discrete-time mode.

As described earlier, the Step Source Block generates a step function. The initial and final values can be specified, as well as the step time.

Uniform Random Number

The Uniform Random Number block generates uniformly distributed random numbers over an interval that you specify.

Published with MATLAB® 9.2

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Assign values to specified elements of signal

Libraries: Simulink / Math Operations HDL Coder / Math Operations

Description

The Assignment block assigns values to specified elements of the signal. You specify the indices of the elements to be assigned values either by entering the indices in the block dialog box or by connecting an external indices source or sources to the block. The signal at the block data port, U , specifies values to be assigned to Y . The block replaces the specified elements of Y with elements from the data signal.

Based on the value you enter for the Number of output dimensions parameter, a table of index options is displayed. Each row of the table corresponds to one of the output dimensions in Number of output dimensions . For each dimension, you can define the elements of the signal to work with. Specify a vector signal as a 1-D signal and a matrix signal as a 2-D signal. To enable an external index port, in the corresponding row of the table, set Index Option to Index vector (port) or Starting index (port) .

For example, assume a 5-D signal with a one-based index mode. The table in the Assignment block dialog changes to include one row for each dimension. If you define each dimension with the following entries:

The assigned values are Y(1:end,[1 3 5],4:3+size(U,3),Idx4:Idx4+size(U,4)-1,Idx5)=U , where Idx4 and Idx5 are the input ports for dimensions 4 and 5.

When using the Assignment block in normal mode, Simulink ® initializes block outputs to zero even if the model does not explicitly initialize them. In accelerator mode, Simulink converts the model into an S-Function. This involves code generation. The code generated may not do implicit initialization of block outputs. In such cases, you must explicitly initialize the model outputs.

You can use the block to assign values to vector, matrix, or multidimensional signals.

You can use an array of buses as an input signal to an Assignment block.

Assignment Block in Conditional Subsystem

If you place an Assignment block in a conditional subsystem block, a hidden signal buffer (which is equivalent to a Signal Copy block) is inserted in many cases, and merging of signals from Assignment blocks with partial writes can cause an error.

However, if you select the Ensure outport is virtual parameter for the conditional subsystem Outport block, such cases are supported and partial writes to arrays using Assignment blocks are possible. See Ensure Output Port Is Virtual .

Iterated Assignment with the Assignment Block

Using the Assignment block to assign values computed in a For or While Iterator loop to successive elements.

Parallel Channel Power Allocation

A potential use of the Find Nonzero Elements block. This block outputs a variable-size signal containing the indices of the nonzero values of the input.

Model Arrays of Buses

Use arrays of buses to represent structured data compactly.

Limitations

The Index parameter is not tunable during simulation. If the Index Option for a dimension is set to Index vector (dialog) or Starting index (dialog) and you specify a symbolic value, including a Simulink.Parameter object, for the corresponding Index in the block dialog, then the instantaneous value at the start of simulation will be used throughout the simulation, and the parameter will appear as an inlined value in the generated code. See Tune and Experiment with Block Parameter Values . You can adjust the assignment index dynamically by using index ports.

Y0 — Input initialization signal scalar | vector

The initialization signal for the output signal. If an element is not assigned another value, then the value of the output element matches this input signal value.

U — Input data port scalar | vector

Value assigned to the output element when specified.

IndxN — N th index signal scalar | vector

External port specifying an index for the assignment of the corresponding output element.

You can specify integer of custom width (for example, a 15-bit integer or 23-bit integer) as an index signal value. When you configure the width of the integer, you must specify the Mode as Fixed point , with Word length less than or equal to 128, Slope equal to 1, and Bias equal to 0. For more information on specifying a fixed-point data type, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant .

Dependencies

To enable an external index port, in the corresponding row of the Index Option table, set Index Option to Index vector (port) or Starting index (port) .

Y — Output signal with assigned values scalar | vector

The output signal with assigned values for the specified elements.

Number of output dimensions — Number of dimensions of the output signal 1 (default) | integer

Enter the number of dimensions of the output signal.

Programmatic Use

Index mode — index mode one-based (default) | zero-based.

Select the indexing mode. If One-based is selected, an index of 1 specifies the first element of the input vector. If Zero-based is selected, an index of 0 specifies the first element of the input vector.

Index Option — Index method for elements Index vector (dialog) (default) | Assign all | Index vector (port) | Starting index (dialog) | Starting index (port)

Define, by dimension, how the elements of the signal are to be indexed. From the list, select:

If you choose Index vector (port) or Starting index (port) for any dimension in the table, you can specify one of these values for the Initialize output (Y) parameter:

Initialize using input port <Y0>

Specify size for each dimension in table

Otherwise, Y0 always initializes output port Y .

The Index and Output Size columns are displayed as relevant.

Index — Index of elements 1 (default) | integer

If the Index Option is Index vector (dialog) , enter the index of each element you are interested in.

If the Index Option is Starting index (dialog) , enter the starting index of the range of elements to be selected. The number of elements from the starting point is determined by the size of this dimension at U .

Output Size — Width of block output signal 1 (default) | integer

Enter the width of the block output signal.

To enable this column, select Specify size for each dimension in table for the Initialize output (Y) parameter.

Initialize output (Y) — How to initialize output signal Initialize using input port <Y0> (default) | Specify size for each dimension in the table

Specify how to initialize the output signal.

Initialize using input port <Y0> – Signal at the input port Y0 initializes the output.

Specify size for each dimension in table – Requires you to specify the width of the block output signal in the Output Size parameter. If the output has unassigned elements, the value of those elements is undefined.

Enabled when you set Index Option to Index vector (port) or Starting index (port) for one or more dimensions.

Action if any output element is not assigned — Option to produce warning or error Warning (default) | Error | None

Specify whether to produce a warning or error if you have not assigned all output elements. Options include:

Warning — Simulink displays a warning and continues the simulation.

Error — Simulink terminates the simulation and displays an error.

None — Simulink takes no action.

To enable this parameter, set Index Option to Index vector (port) or Starting index (port) for one or more dimensions, then set Initialize output (Y) to Specify size for each dimension in table .

Sample time (-1 for inherited) — Interval between samples -1 (default) | scalar | vector

Specify the time interval between samples. To inherit the sample time, set this parameter to -1 . For more information, see Specify Sample Time .

This parameter is visible only if you set it to a value other than -1 . To learn more, see Blocks for Which Sample Time Is Not Recommended .

Check for out-of-range index in accelerated simulation — Option to check for out-of-range index values in accelerator and rapid accelerator simulation modes off (default) | on

Select this check box to have Simulink check during simulation in accelerator or rapid accelerator mode whether any index values are outside the range of valid indices for the relevant dimension of the input signal. If an index is out of range, Simulink stops the simulation and displays an error message.

If you do not select this check box, out-of-range index values could lead to undefined behavior during accelerator or rapid accelerator mode simulation.

Simulink performs this check during normal mode simulation regardless of whether you select this check box.

Block Characteristics

Extended capabilities, c/c++ code generation generate c and c++ code using simulink® coder™., hdl code generation generate vhdl, verilog and systemverilog code for fpga and asic designs using hdl coder™..

HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.

This block has one default HDL architecture.

This block supports code generation for complex signals.

Variable-size signals are not supported for code generation.

PLC Code Generation Generate Structured Text code using Simulink® PLC Coder™.

Fixed-point conversion design and simulate fixed-point systems using fixed-point designer™., version history, r2023a: index signal supports integer of custom width.

Starting in R2023a, you can customize the width of the integer that you use to specify the index signal value for the Assignment block.

Bus Assignment | Selector

Group Nonvirtual Buses in Arrays of Buses

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Simulink Tutorial - 24 - Assignment Block

Simulink Tutorial - 24 - Assignment Block

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